Lead: Business has always been an important part of human society. There were many outstanding business figures in ancient China, but they were rarely known by the world. In order to summarize these business wisdom from ancient ancestors and enlighten the present, Lishi Business Think Tank has planned a series of "Business People in China’s Ancient Business History" for readers. This issue shares the financial magnate Wuyan who made a profit through the investment war in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Liping | Author Lishi Business Think Tank | Produced by

War is a matter that consumes human life and money. The former is the so-called "one will make a great effort and ten thousand bones will wither away", "poor bones along the river are still in a dream", and the latter is what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War: "Take a hundred thousand armour and feed food thousands of miles away". If more than one hundred thousand soldiers are used, they will be transported thousands of miles away, and there are also "internal and external expenses, guests’ use and glue.

In a word, fighting is a costly thing.

This is already a common sense.

However, we may not realize that the economic cost of war is not only paid by the state, but also by individuals. The personal contribution mentioned here is not to pay taxes for the country to use in the war, but as an individual, he should buy his own military supplies and use his own money to go to the battlefield.

This is actually in ancient China and foreign countries.

There is another point that many people may not realize. In ancient times, there were financial lending institutions that profited from the war and made huge profits.

What’s going on? Let’s take a look at the financial industry of the ancient investment war by resuming the chaos of the seven countries in the Western Han Dynasty.

one

The governors of the Western Han Dynasty dared to rebel because of money.

As we all know, since Qin Shihuang, China has implemented the county system, depriving the sons and grandsons of the right to hereditary territory and titles, and the political pattern of feudal society in China, as well as the central and local patterns, has been determined.

However, history is moving forward in a roundabout rhythm, moving forward, retreating a little, and moving forward again.

The Qin Dynasty was short-lived. Many people think that it was because Qin Shihuang implemented a thorough county system and did not set up descendants as vassals as barriers. So after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to continuing the county system established by the Qin Dynasty, it was still mixed with the vassal system, and Liu Bang enfeoffed his sons and nephews to become princes everywhere, forming a pattern in which the county system and the enfeoffment system crossed.

Liu Bang was uneasy about this situation in his heart. For example, when he made his nephew Liu Bi the king of Wu, he saw that Liu Bi was strong and couldn’t help feeling a twinge in his heart, so he stroked Liu Bi’s head and said, "Your boy must be loyal to my big fellow, and there must be no infidelity." Liu Bi was also frightened and trembling by this uncle who killed the snake uprising and put down the overlord, and said, "I will obey you."

With Liu Bang gone, it is not necessary to obey.

With the passage of time, the honeymoon period of the county system and the enfeoffment system passed quickly, and two different blood types could not coexist in the body of a dynasty and began to repel each other.

By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi, a famous scholar, urged the emperor to end the system of enfeoffment.

When Emperor Han Jingdi arrived, Chao Cuo, the minister, explicitly proposed to cut the vassal.

Thus, in 154 BC, the contradiction between the imperial court and the princes was irreconcilable. Headed by Liu Bi, the king of Wu, the king of Chu, the king of Zhao, the king of Jinan, the king of Zichuan, the king of Jiaoxi and the king of Jiaodong, they launched a rebellion in the name of "Qingjun side".

On the surface, the rebellion of the seven countries was to kill Chao Cuo, and Emperor Han Jing really believed it and killed Chao Cuo. However, the rebellion did not stop. It turned out that all the governors wanted not Chao Cuo’s life, but the life of the Han Dynasty.

I don’t need to repeat too much about the process and ending of the war. It only took more than three months, and the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was quelled by Zhou Yafu. Since then, the governors of the Han Dynasty no longer have the ability to confront the central dynasty by force.

The angle we cut in is the economic angle.

When the rebellion just started, how did the wealth and power of the two sides compare?

Everyone must be familiar with Emperor Han Jingdi’s side. It was the prosperous time of the rule of Wenjing. It is said that the grain in the treasury rotted into red, and the money strings were scattered, but they were not used.

And the vassal state side, do you think it is very weak?

Not only not weak, but even stronger than the central dynasty.

The State of Wu under the rule of the King of Wu, Liu Ying, was a giant consortium, which not only had a lot of money, but also implemented a wartime economic system.

The biggest advantage is that the prince of Wu has mines at home.

Yuzhang County, within the jurisdiction of Liu Bi, has a huge copper mountain, which can be used to cast coins; On the east side of the jurisdiction, there is a boundless sea where salt can be boiled.

There is money and salt, and there is no need to pay taxes.

Under this innate advantage, Wu was fully capable of waging war with the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty, and the advantage lay in Wu.

Liu Bi also attaches great importance to the welfare in China. The people live a good life and enjoy extra care. Once the local people are recruited by the central government for military service, the local government of Wu will also pay the employment fee for these people. One person is serving in the military service for the government, so the whole family life need not worry.

The imperial court recruited soldiers, and the local government gave them living expenses. It was clear that it was to buy the hearts of local people.

There are rich mountains, salt seas, manpower, people’s hearts, and princes fighting against the imperial court. The odds are really great. I really don’t know how to write the history of the national movement of the Western Han Dynasty if it weren’t for the military genius Zhou Yafu left by God.

On Wu’s side, the king of Wu paid the bill for participating in the rebel war.

On the central side of the Western Han Dynasty, those who fought had to buy equipment from their own pockets.

What’s more, major financial institutions in Chang ‘an City are reluctant to lend because they are bearish on the war prospect of the central dynasty.

What should Chang ‘an government do next?

two

In the case of sparing loans, how did the Western Han military get out of the predicament?

Re-examine the situation in Chang ‘an before the war.

It can be said that people are in a panic. The financial industry is a barometer of politics and military affairs. At that time, the financial institutions in Chang ‘an basically refused to give it to the "Central Army" of the Han Dynasty because they thought the chances of winning were too low.

"Biography of Huo Zhi" in Historical Records records: "Zi Qianjia thought that Hou Yi’s country was in Kanto, and the success or failure of Kanto was undecided, so he refused to cooperate."

The so-called sub-money family is the kind of lending institution and folk. They thought that the vassal state was east of Chang ‘an, and the success or failure was uncertain at that time, so they refused to lend.

Who will you lend it to?

To those who went to the front to fight.

These liehou ancestors got some enfeoffment because they worked for the Han Dynasty, mostly in the form of land. In return, liehou had to provide their own equipment, buy their own weapons and pommel horses and go to the front at their own expense when the country had military operations.

This situation existed in ancient China and abroad.

For example, "Mulan Ci" said: "The east market buys horses, the west market buys saddles, the south market buys bridles and the north market buys whips." Before Mulan joined the army, she bought equipment all over the market, and probably went to the front at her own expense.

Another example is Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers. The French cardinal launched a war against Spain, and the members of the King’s Musketeers had to prepare their own armor, horses, knives and guns and follow the cardinal to the battlefield. One of them had to please the ladies and borrow money because he was short of money.

This is the situation faced by the Western Han Dynasty.

The assets given by the imperial court are either idle or gambled away, and maybe some of them are still negative assets.

It is necessary to serve the court. But you can’t go to the battlefield on foot with a bamboo pole with bare arms.

They first thought of loans, and maybe they are already frequent customers of these financial lending institutions.

However, all over Chang ‘an, financial institutions are either closed or pushed. Sorry, we financial predators are not optimistic about the war prospects of the imperial court, so we can’t borrow this money.

At this time, the strong men of the Western Han Dynasty were in a desperate situation.

The cross-flow of the sea shows the true colors of heroes and financial institutions.

I am greedy when others are afraid.

This greedy financial institution finally came out. At that time, it was not a financial crocodile, but it was ambitious.

The boss of this financial institution, surnamed Wu Yan, put up a signboard and was willing to lend money to the soldiers who were about to go to the front.

Soon, the empty-handed Hou people rushed in.

The Wuyan family made a written statement with the heroes who were about to go out, and the money was immediately available, but there was a harsh condition, that is, the interest was ten times.

"Its interest rate is ten."

It’s a total usury.

However, without thinking about it, the Hou immediately took money and bought brand-new equipment, and went to the front line without hesitation.

The so-called ten times interest rate is not a threat to them at all.

Because there are only two endings.

One is to die, and people don’t have to pay their debts when they die.

First, victory, once there is a trophy, this interest of ten times can only be described as "mere".

And there are only two endings of salt-free financial institutions.

First, defeat, defeat is defeat, nothing more than losing all one’s money, and the imperial court and country will be lost. What is there to say?

One is victory. Needless to say, we have everything.

The nature of capital is profit-loving, aggressive and adventurous.

Let the capital fight with the soldiers of the crusade.

three

Borrowing capital gained ten times in the war of seven countries.

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion in 154 AD eventually became a large-scale dying struggle of local governors. The Han Dynasty continued its life for more than a hundred years, and the supreme military commander of the imperial court, Zhou Yafu, must be the most grateful person in the world. He used Han Jingdi’s uncle Liang Xiaowang as a fortress to attract the rebels’ fire, so that the rebels were exhausted here, and then he broke the back road of the seven countries by himself, and finally put down the rebellion in three months.

It was Liang Xiaowang who was not under Zhou Yafu’s credit. Although he didn’t take the initiative, he clung to his territory and resisted the fierce attacks of the rebels of the Seven Countries. Liang Xiaowang repeatedly asked Zhou Yafu for help, but Zhou Yafu just ignored it. Others were unreliable and had to ask for help, so the defensive ability was greatly stimulated, which led to great damage to the troops of the Seven Countries at the gates and made it impossible for Zhou Yafu to send troops.

There is another point that many people may not think of, and that is the lending institution-Wuyan’s Qianjia.

The bold lending behavior of the Wuyan clan actually retained the military backbone for the Western Han Dynasty, greatly released their fighting capacity and stimulated their desire to fight. There is money in your hand and you don’t panic when you go into battle. This is one of them. If you are in debt, you must fight bravely and win, so that you can earn your money back and look forward to the future. This is the second.

It can be said that the financial institutions without salt made a key contribution to the victory of the Western Han Dynasty.

Finance not only provides capital, but also provides confidence.

After the victory, the survivors came back with a huge amount of trophies, and their profits exceeded ten times the interest, which made everyone happy.

As for those who were buried in the battlefield, the debts they borrowed were of course bad debts, but they were completely washed away by rich returns.

The ultimate winner is the Han Dynasty.

The biggest winner is the Wuyan family.

Compared with before the war, its assets have increased tenfold.

"At the age of one, the interest rate of the salt-free family is ten times."

Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, a short historical material, shows us the richer structure of ancient wars. It is not only the correct decision of the rulers, the level of the commanders’ use of troops, and the bravery of the soldiers that determines the outcome of the war to quell the rebellion of the Seven Countries, but also closely related to financial lending. It became an integral part of the fighting capacity and fighting confidence of the Han Dynasty.

From a financial point of view, Sima Qian may be the first person in China since ancient times.

— END —

　　BEIJING, Beijing, March 3 (Reporter Li Jinlei) the State Council recently issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan to Promote Equalization of Basic Public Services", which listed the basic public services in eight areas, including social insurance. Take a look at this list of social security services and see what changes will happen to your social security benefits in the next few years.

　　Reasonable adjustment of pension standards

　　In terms of basic old-age insurance for employees, the list is clear, and basic pensions, including basic pensions and personal account pensions, will be issued, and transitional pensions will be issued to the insured who participated in the work before the reform and retired after the reform, and a reasonable adjustment mechanism for basic pensions will be established.

　　In terms of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, the list is clear, and basic pensions and personal account pensions are issued. At present, the minimum standard of basic pension determined by the state is 70 yuan per person per month. According to the economic development and price changes, a reasonable adjustment mechanism for the basic pension level will be established.

　　"Establishing a scientific normal adjustment mechanism for treatment is an important guarantee to ensure that insured people share the fruits of economic and social development reasonably." The relevant person in charge of the Policy Research Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that in terms of old-age insurance, according to factors such as economic development, income growth, price level and affordability in all aspects, the normal adjustment mechanism of old-age insurance benefits will be gradually established and improved, and the basic pension for retirees and the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents will be improved in a coordinated and orderly manner to stabilize the treatment expectations of the insured.

　　Increase the proportion of individual contributions to medical insurance for urban and rural residents

　　The plan proposes to improve the stable and sustainable financing and reimbursement ratio adjustment mechanism of basic medical insurance, formulate a three-year government subsidy plan for urban and rural residents’ medical insurance, appropriately increase the proportion of individual contributions while raising the government subsidy standard, and gradually link individual contributions with the income level of urban and rural residents.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Policy Research Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that residents’ medical insurance adopts a financing method combining individual contributions and government subsidies, and the government will subsidize individuals who have difficulties such as subsistence allowances. In recent years, the financial subsidy standards at all levels have been raised year by year. In 2016, it was raised to not less than 420 yuan per capita, and it was proposed that individual contributions should be raised to not less than 150 yuan.

　　The above-mentioned person in charge said that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the financing level of medical insurance will be scientifically determined by further improving the financing methods and channels, and a dynamic adjustment mechanism organically related to economic growth, residents’ income and medical expenses will be gradually formed to clarify the responsibilities of the government, units and individuals, form a reasonable financing structure, realize the stable and sustainable operation of the medical insurance system, and better safeguard the rights and interests of the broad masses of the people.

　　Maternity and medical insurance are combined.

　　The plan proposes to combine maternity insurance with basic medical insurance. The reporter of Zhongxin. com noted that the General Office of the State Council recently issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Pilot Program for the Combination of Maternity Insurance and Employee Basic Medical Insurance, and decided to carry out two pilot projects for the implementation of insurance merger in 12 cities including Handan City, Hebei Province, with a pilot period of about one year.

　　It is understood that the combined implementation of the two insurances will not reduce the maternity insurance benefits of the insured employees. With the improvement of the mutual aid ability of the fund, it will also help to better protect the benefits of the insured. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will sum up the pilot experience in a timely manner and determine the ideas and steps for full implementation, which will be promoted throughout the country during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　The service standard in the list shows that the fund pays the medical expenses and maternity allowance during the maternity period, and the maternity allowance is calculated according to the average monthly salary of the employees in the previous year.

　　Strive to achieve social security benefits from different places and direct settlement.

　　The plan proposes to issue and apply social security cards in an all-round way, with the card population coverage rate reaching 90%, realize social security one-card system, support the cross-business, cross-regional and cross-departmental application of social security cards, establish a social security card application platform and cover a wide range of card terminal environments.

　　With regard to the renewal of social insurance relations, the plan proposes to establish a social security management information system with unified standards and nationwide networking, improve and simplify the renewal process, implement online certification and online renewal, and strive to realize the nationwide collection and direct settlement of social insurance benefits in different places, so as to facilitate the floating employment and living in different places for insured workers, unemployed and retirees.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Policy Research Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that the relevant handling procedures should be constantly standardized, the functions of the social insurance relationship transfer and connection information system should be improved, and the rational flow of labor force should be promoted. Actively promote the settlement of medical treatment in different places, and solve the urgent need for qualified personnel to directly settle hospitalization expenses in different provinces, so that it will no longer become a pain point for the masses.

It is always difficult for people to remember the second and third, but they can always remember the first clearly.

You may forget what it feels like to hug the opposite sex for the second time, but you must remember the throbbing of the first hug. Just like you may not remember the second car you took and drove, but you are impressed with the first car.

So, do you remember what was the first car you sat in and drove? I believe most people’s answer is only three words:.

People who came from the era of "owning Santana and traveling all over the world are not afraid" always have a memory in their minds, that is, the square front, the VW logo carved on the plastic grille and the classic "Shanghai Volkswagen" tail logo …

When the time train galloped past forty platforms, the meaning of "SAIC Volkswagen" was very different for China automobile industry and even everyone. During these forty years, SAIC-Volkswagen witnessed the rise of China’s automobile industry and the great achievements of reform and opening up. At the same time, it also gained its own prosperity as the first joint venture automobile company in China.

Yesterday, SAIC Volkswagen opened a neon for the China auto market.

Let’s temporarily adjust the time back to the time node that crossed in the 1970s and 1980s.

At that time, there were not many small cars running in China, except for Beijing 212 and Shanghai brand cars. Old friends who came from that era probably have the impression that there are always several dark green 212 cars and several white or blue-green Shanghai cars parked in the tree-lined government compound.

In that era when the global automobile industry entered prosperity, China automobile industry can still be described as "barren".

After the tide of reform and opening up came, the state decided to vigorously develop the automobile industry. So in 1978, China made initial contact with German audi ag. After many arguments, in 1984, Shanghai Car Factory and German Volkswagen formally signed the joint venture and cooperation regulations, and the two sides jointly established Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd.

The first car introduced into China market by Shanghai Volkswagen Joint Venture Company is the "Santana" which will be popular all over the country in the next 30 years. However, as the first joint venture car in China, Santana’s landing road is also quite tortuous.

China in the 1980s did not have a modern automobile industry base. Therefore, the first batch of Santana cars launched by Shanghai Volkswagen for the China market can only be produced by CKD parts imported and assembled. On the assembly line, the workers of Shanghai Volkswagen can only assemble the whole vehicle by hand.

In fact, while bringing Santana, Shanghai Volkswagen also shoulders an important mission, which is to bring advanced production technology and manufacturing technology of western automobile industry to China after the establishment of the factory. In other words, Shanghai Volkswagen shoulders the responsibility of "starter" of China Hyundai Motor Industry.

After a period of "extensive production", Shanghai Volkswagen invited experts from German Volkswagen to Shanghai for guidance in order to improve production capacity and efficiency, and introduced international manufacturing standards and production equipment. Through the intensive production line upgrade, Shanghai Volkswagen has increased the annual production scale of Santana to more than 50,000 vehicles in just six years. However, at this time, Shanghai Volkswagen still lags behind the development goal of "within 7 years, the localization rate of Santana will exceed 80%".

Then, after establishing the modern production process and manufacturing technology, the next plan of Shanghai Volkswagen is to establish a complete automobile supporting supply chain industry in China based on Santana.

In the TV series Blossoms Shanghai, No.120 Jinxian Road left an impression on the audience.

In reality, No.120 Jinxian Road is the original site of Shanghai Piston Factory. When Shanghai Volkswagen was determined to establish a modern automobile supply chain system, Shanghai Piston Factory signed a technology license transfer contract with German Kolbenschmidt Co., Ltd. to introduce piston manufacturing technology to purchase key manufacturing planes and test equipment.

Starting from the piston factory, Shanghai Volkswagen has also established a large number of spare parts suppliers since the 1990s, and established quality standards in China that meet German Volkswagen and international standards. At this point, China automobile supply chain industry has also entered a stage of prosperity and development.

It can be said that Shanghai Volkswagen, which started in the 1980s, not only brought brand-new Santana cars to the China market, but also brought a brand-new beginning to the automobile industry in this ancient land.

This joint venture car company is the first to introduce foreign capital, global standards and advanced manufacturing systems into China’s automobile industry. To some extent, the development history of Shanghai Volkswagen is the development history of China automobile industry marketization. As a pioneer of the whole industry, Shanghai Volkswagen is worthy of the title of "industry beacon".

Today, SAIC Volkswagen sets an industry benchmark with tens of millions of trust.

Today, the production and sales scale of SAIC Volkswagen has already exceeded 10 million, and it has become the first passenger car enterprise in China with a cumulative output exceeding 28 million. 40 years, 28 million, these data reflect the stable and prosperous development of SAIC Volkswagen.

Today, SAIC Volkswagen has three brands, Volkswagen, Audi and Skoda, and continues to play a leading role as a joint venture car company with an annual sales of one million. Of course, the achievements made by SAIC-Volkswagen in the past 40 years are not only remarkable achievements in the market.

More importantly, SAIC Volkswagen has always created a new situation in the automobile industry.

If we say that during the period from the 1980s to the 1990s, SAIC-Volkswagen was introducing advanced technologies from the western automobile industry to help China’s modern automobile industry grow sturdily; Then, during the period from 2000 to 2000, SAIC Volkswagen made more wonderful contributions to the automobile industry with its own progress.

Since the Santana 2000 project at the beginning of the new century, SAIC-Volkswagen has started the road of independent research based on the global technical and design advantages of Volkswagen and the actual demand of China local market. As the first joint venture car company in China, SAIC Volkswagen has also become the first joint venture car company in China to independently develop new models.

When SAIC Volkswagen has the tradition of independent research, it has brought many refreshing products.

Volkswagen, through its insight into the needs of domestic household consumers, has created a large-space body and brought a quality experience to a total of 5 million home users; Volkswagen, on the other hand, deeply observes the young user groups and has become a travel partner of more and more young people with high value built by face value and performance; Volkswagen, as a large-size SUV with superior volume, is deeply favored by domestic middle and high-end users, and has gone abroad to dominate the North American market under the name of Atlas.

In fact, SAIC Volkswagen has many self-developed models, such as today’s L Pro, which not only brings a new experience to domestic consumers. More importantly, this new car pioneered the in-depth cooperation between SAIC Volkswagen and DJI, a China science and technology enterprise, and helped SAIC Volkswagen, which has a history of 40 years, formally enter the intelligent era with its intelligent performance comparable to that of new forces.

"Innovation" is the best summary of SAIC Volkswagen today.

From self-developed models to the development of advanced intelligent technology, SAIC Volkswagen has been at the forefront of the times every time. Undoubtedly, with the spirit of innovation as the basis of enterprise development, SAIC Volkswagen will definitely open up a new situation in the future.

What will the future of SAIC Volkswagen look like in 2040?

On the 40th anniversary of the establishment of SAIC Volkswagen, SAIC Motor Group, which came from Shanghai Car Factory step by step, signed an extended joint venture agreement with audi ag. According to the agreement, the joint venture period of SAIC Volkswagen will be extended for another 15 years to 2040.

The decision of the two parties to the joint venture also directly opened the door to the future for SAIC Volkswagen. We can’t help wondering what kind of situation SAIC Volkswagen will create when the era of intelligence and electrification comes.

The pulse of the times is constantly beating, and SAIC Volkswagen is always moving forward. As early as 2021, when, and ID.3 slowly drove off the production line of Anting MEB factory, SAIC Volkswagen opened the prelude to the future.

It can be seen that in the face of the surging intelligent electric era, SAIC Volkswagen has actively planned the enterprise transformation layout. At the same time, the three major ID. series models built on MEB platform have stood firm in the joint venture camp. In November, SAIC Volkswagen ID.3 delivered more than 14,000 new cars and became the king of pure electricity sales among joint venture brands.

When SAIC Volkswagen’s new energy pace is getting faster and faster, this joint venture car company has also begun to think about a "philosophical question" that all traditional car companies must consider-facing the future, should we take the new energy route or keep the fuel route?

SAIC Volkswagen, which has developed for 40 years, has already accumulated a strong system strength, and the answer it brings is "all want". In the field of fuel vehicles, SAIC Volkswagen is committed to promoting environmental protection, high efficiency and intelligence of fuel vehicles. After popularizing more efficient 300TSI power, SAIC-Volkswagen also launched the strategy of combining oil with electricity. The Volkswagen Tiguan L Pro, which has the same intelligent performance as the smart electric model, has also become a popular model at present.

Based on the sales support of fuel vehicles, SAIC Volkswagen can also explore the new energy field more quickly. In November 2024, SAIC Volkswagen launched a brand-new luxury brand AUDI on the basis of Audi, and made its debut in the first concept car. After starting the alphabet, SAIC Volkswagen will further promote the transformation of high-end new energy.

It is reported that AUDI’s first new car, AUDI E, was designed by Audi’s German team. At the same time, the core three electrical components and intelligent system of this car came from SAIC Volkswagen’s supply chain system. In the close cooperation between SAIC and Volkswagen, we believe that the brand-new AUDI brand can create intelligent electrification products with strong strength for China users.

Of course, SAIC Volkswagen also showed a faster speed.

In 2025, AUDI E, the first model of the new brand, will be delivered in mass production. At the same time, within three years, the AUDI brand under SAIC Volkswagen also plans to launch three electric vehicles, covering the B-class market and the C-class market, and quickly seize the high-end smart power camp highland.

Conclusion:

?

From the time when the first Santana was produced by knocking, to the time when Pro/ Tiguan L Pro and other models were rolled off the assembly line from a clean and tidy smart factory, SAIC Volkswagen took 40 years to set countless firsts in the history of China automobile industry.

I believe that many friends’ love for SAIC Volkswagen comes from their feelings. But what the author wants to say is that when we get out of the feelings of the years and the memories of the past, SAIC Volkswagen has always been a trendsetter standing on the top of the wave.

Nowadays, what SAIC Volkswagen is facing is not only the glory of the past forty years, but also the opportunity of the next fifteen years and the next fifty years. We are also willing to believe that in the next era, SAIC Volkswagen will bring us more touches and more surprises.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 15th Topic: Face-to-face hot spots: Focus response of COVID-19 vaccine immunization.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Peng Yunjia, Mu Tiecheng

Why do you need a booster shot? Who needs to fight? When will you call? What kind of booster is inoculated? The National Health and Health Commission responded to the hot issue of vaccination with booster shots in COVID-19 on the 15th.

Focus 1: Why do you need a booster shot?

From the research results at home and abroad, the complete vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine has a remarkable effect in preventing severe illness and reducing mortality. However, after vaccination for a period of time, the protective effect of the vaccine on some people may be weakened. Strengthening immunization at the right time can make the neutralizing antibodies that have been gradually reduced grow or rebound rapidly, thus producing better protective effect.

Focus 2: What is the age range of people who can get booster shots at present? Who are the target groups?

According to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, strengthen immunization among people aged 18 and above who have been vaccinated with the above vaccine for 6 months.

At present, priority is given to strengthening immunization among people at high risk of infection, key personnel and elderly people who guarantee the basic operation of society in Covid-19. For other people who meet the requirements and need vaccination, they can also be vaccinated according to their needs.

Focus 3: How long is the interval between vaccination booster and whole immunization?

At this stage, intensive immunization will be implemented after 6 months of vaccination. That is, after the second dose of inactivated vaccine is inoculated in Covid-19, it is generally required to have an interval of 6 months before the booster dose can be inoculated again. Six months after inoculation of adenovirus vector vaccine, booster immunization was carried out.

Focus 4: At this stage, what vaccines can be used for booster shots?

According to the progress of vaccine research and development in Covid-19 and the research and demonstration of relevant departments, there are inactivated vaccines from Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Company, Beijing Kexing Company, Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan Company and adenovirus vector vaccine from Tianjin Kangxinuo Company.

Focus 5: What kind of booster shots should individuals get?

At this stage, the original vaccine has been used to strengthen immunization.

Among them, people who used the same inactivated Covid-19 vaccine to complete two doses of vaccination should, in principle, use the original inactivated vaccine for one dose of booster immunization; People who use different inactivated vaccines to complete two doses of vaccination should, in principle, give priority to one dose of booster immunization with the same vaccine as the second dose of inactivated vaccine. In case that the second dose of the same vaccine cannot be supplied any more, they can use the same vaccine as the first dose of inactivated vaccine for one dose of booster immunization. People vaccinated with adenovirus vector vaccine should use the original vaccine to strengthen immunization.

Focus 6: Where to strengthen the needle? What are the precautions?

In principle, the relevant units shall organize and implement the immunization of people infected with high-risk groups and key positions to ensure the basic operation of society; Other people can make an appointment for vaccination at the designated vaccination unit in the jurisdiction. See the official information released by the local health department or CDC for specific vaccination information.

Before vaccination, according to the previous vaccination certificate, confirm whether you have been vaccinated all the time and have completed the whole vaccination for more than 6 months. You need to carry your ID card, vaccination certificate, etc. during vaccination, and do personal protection according to local prevention and control requirements, and cooperate with the on-site vaccination staff to ask; Doctors should be informed of their past diseases and whether they have used drugs recently.

After inoculation, observe for 30 minutes according to regulations; Keep the skin of the inoculated area clean and avoid scratching the inoculated area with your hands.

　　CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush is a long way home, from the green leather car to the "Fuxing" EMU, from "walking well" to "walking well". Behind the safe and stable operation of the train, it is inseparable from the hard work of many maintenance workers.

　　This is the largest passenger train maintenance base in Shandong Province, which undertakes the daily maintenance work of all the more than 1,600 ordinary-speed passenger cars and power-concentrated EMU cars in Shandong Province.

　　Every morning, the six tracks of the power centralized EMU maintenance base are full of trains waiting for "physical examination". The maintenance workers of Jinan Depot of Jinan Bureau of China Railway have to inspect and repair 48 cars of Fuxing power centralized EMU at the same time, and the scene is brightly lit and the maintenance lasts all night.

　　During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the train runs at a high density, and the maintenance workers are busier than usual. Every day, there will be 32 passenger trains that have been overhauled from here to various stations, carrying home passengers to all parts of the country.

　　Shandong: A cross-sea ferry capable of loading trains.

　　Yantai-Bohai Ferry is the longest railway ferry in Asia, which integrates railway, port and shipping. During its stay in Spring Festival travel rush, it is expected to send 42,000 passengers, ferry 15,000 cars and transport 550,000 tons of railway materials.

　　Yanda Bohai Ferry starts from Lushun West Station in the north and reaches Yantai West Station in the south, with a sea transportation distance of about 99.79 nautical miles. Railway transportation by ferry is more than 1600 kilometers shorter than that around Shanhaiguan, which is the shortest route from Shandong to Northeast China.

　　China Railway Bohai No.3 Ferry has a total length of 182.6 meters and a width of 24.8 meters. The full-load displacement can reach 16,229 tons, and a single voyage can carry a 50-section freight train, 50 trucks, 25 cars and 716 passengers.

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, trains loaded with grain, coal, daily necessities and holiday materials "swim" on the north and south banks of Bohai Bay every day, becoming a unique sea scenery in Spring Festival travel rush, China. At present, Yantai-Bohai Ferry operates 3-to-6 voyages daily.

　　The number of arrivals in less populated cities has increased significantly today.

　　On the thermal map of Spring Festival travel rush on February 7th, the most popular cities haven’t changed much. According to the ticketing data of 12306, it is estimated that the number of arrivals in 48 cities will increase obviously on February 7th.

　　The number of arrivals in 48 cities including Aksu, Xuancheng, Jishou, Nanping, Baoding, Ningbo, Zhuzhou, Qujing, Chifeng and Qinhuangdao has not changed much in the past few days, but more people will arrive here on February 7, and most of them belong to cities with less population. The number of arrivals in Xuzhou, Ganzhou, Anqing, Bijie, Weinan and Zhangzhou in the past week has increased every day.

　　Beijing replaced Guangzhou as the most popular candidate city.

　　The popular route for applying for standby tickets changed on February 7, and Beijing replaced Guangzhou as the most popular departure city for applying for standby tickets. The waiting tickets from Beijing to Chaoyang, Chifeng, Harbin, Zhengzhou, Linfen, Xinyang and Anyang are the most tense, while the waiting tickets from Shanghai to Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Zhoukou, Shangqiu and other central cities are also tense.

　　As the year is approaching, remind the passengers that in addition to the direct ticket, you can also choose the transfer scheme of Railway 12306 and choose the combined ticket. According to the data, about one out of every seven travelers since Spring Festival travel rush has transferred to their hometown by combining tickets.

　　The return train tickets for the Spring Festival have been sold. Judging from the tickets sold by Railway 12306 at present, it has entered the peak period of everyone’s return from the third day of the New Year’s Eve, and the sixth day to the eighth day of the New Year’s Eve is the most intensive time period. Among them, the sixth day of the New Year’s Eve is the day when the return tickets are purchased the most.

　　"Reverse Spring Festival travel rush" has become a new trend, and the travel volume of the elderly has increased.

　　According to the analysis of China Unicom’s wisdom footprint on the age of travelers, "reverse Spring Festival travel rush" will become a new trend in 2024. The data shows that 20 years old — The number of 29-year-olds returning home decreased by 5.3% compared with the same period in 2023, while the number of people over 60 increased by nearly 30%.

　　More elderly people choose to go to their children’s workplace for reunion. Their origins are mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, while their main destinations are Beijing, Xi ‘an, Tianjin, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Changsha and other first-and second-tier central cities.

　　College students who live in popular tourist cities "go home at the wrong peak"

　　There have also been new changes in college students’ travel. Some college students who live in popular tourist cities choose to "go home at the wrong peak" in 2024.

　　Among the college students registered on Qunar.com, more than 30% choose to travel first and then go home. College students in Guangzhou, Harbin and other places gave their hometown to foreign tourists, and they chose to go to Chengdu, Changsha, Wuhan and other delicious and fun cities first.

　　The proportion of people who stick to their posts and don’t go home during the Spring Festival has increased

　　Compared with the data of the previous two years, many people choose not to go home during the Spring Festival, and stick to their posts and devote themselves to their work. After modeling and analyzing the cell phone signaling data around the Spring Festival in recent years, the joint team of Peking University and China Unicom Smart Footprint found that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the number of employees in more than 2,000 key industrial parks nationwide will increase by 5.8% compared with the same period in 2023.

　　Among them, the number of employees in food and furniture manufacturing industries increased the most obviously, reaching 6.6%. At the same time, the number of employees in automobile, electrical machinery and other equipment manufacturing industries has also increased by more than 6%.

　　Young people become the main force of car rental during the Spring Festival.

　　In the Spring Festival of 2024, more and more people choose to travel by car. According to the data of CAR Inc., young people, such as the "post-90s" and "post-00s", have become the main force of car rental during the Spring Festival, and the total booking volume accounts for nearly half of the total, paying more attention to experience and being keen on interaction.

　　Where are young people going to rent a car? From the perspective of car rental destinations, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi ‘an and Shanghai rank in the top five, and the order data shows that they mainly book cars in different places, which accounts for more than 60%.

1905 movie network news The film, written and directed by Chen Sicheng and starring Wang Baoqiang and Haoran Liu, will be released on New Year’s Day in 2020, and the new detective tour of "Chinatown Detective Group" is highly anticipated by the audience. At the same time, another branch of "Exploring the Universe in Tang Dynasty", online drama, is about to be broadcast online.

On December 25th, an IP special of Tang Tan was exposed, revealing Chen Sicheng’s overall planning for the series of Tang Tan. The timeline of the online drama story will be seamlessly connected to the movie, and the old and new detectives are also inextricably linked. The linkage between movies and dramas is not only full of surprises, but also makes the pattern of "exploring the universe in Tang Dynasty" clearer.

Detective rankings are "new"

The joint efforts of film and network open a new stage of exploring the universe in Tang Dynasty

In this special series, Chen Sicheng appeared as the producer of the online drama detective chinatown. He frankly said that the original intention of the series "Tang Detective" was to create local output in China and become famous in the world. The "Crimaster list of world famous detectives", which frequently appears in movies and online dramas, is actually a carrier that allows these detectives to have a soil to survive. After three movies and an online drama, many impressive detective characters have appeared on this list.

Not only Tang Ren and Qin Feng, but also Noda Hao, Song Yi, KIKO, and the Thai detective Jack Jia who will appear in the movie "Tang Detective 3". The new detectives in the online drama also have their own characteristics, such as Lin Mo, who has a strong sense of smell, and the five Asian prodigies who appeared in a combined form. With the entry of more and more detectives, Tang’s exploration of the universe has become more and more colorful, opening a new stage of "multi-point flowering".

Shadow-net linkage digging pit and burying stalk

The detectives will assemble "Tang Detective 3"

It can be seen in the special edition that the production of online drama is of high standard with the escort of the original film production team. And Wang Baoqiang, Haoran Liu, Shawn and other important characters in the movie stories also made a surprise appearance. And the new detective Lin Mo, played by Roy Chiu, is Tang Ren’s apprentice. In the movie "Tang Detective 2", the detective’s name has already appeared in the "Crimaster world famous detective list".

All kinds of details worth digging deeply make movies and online dramas add interactive interest. This also stems from the preparation of online drama, which started long before Tang Detective 2. What’s more worth mentioning is that Roy Chiu and Zhang Junning, starring in the online drama, will also appear in the movie Detective Chinatown 3. This made Wang Baoqiang say, "Everyone is together again, still cordial". Shawn also said, "Tang Tan is more and more like a family".

Conference site (Tang Shiying/photo)

Cctv news(Reporter Tang Shiying) At 10: 00 a.m. on February 15th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Yu Kangzhen, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Zhang Xianliang, Director of the Fisheries Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of Aquaculture" and answered questions from reporters.　

At the meeting, a reporter asked: "In recent years, some voices in the society have suggested that aquaculture has some negative effects on the environment. Excuse me, how does the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs view this issue? "

"We did learn that in some places, the relationship between aquaculture and water ecological environment was not handled very well, and aquaculture polluted the environment. Is it true that all kinds and methods of aquaculture will pollute the water ecological environment? Need scientific analysis. " Yu Kangzhen said that not all aquaculture varieties and farming methods will have a negative impact on the aquatic ecological environment, only high-density and unreasonable feeding farming methods will have a greater impact on the environment, and scientific and reasonable farming methods will not cause pollution to the environment. On the contrary, scientific and reasonable farming methods can also purify and repair the water ecological environment.

Yu Kangzhen introduced that according to the Bulletin of the First National Pollution Source Survey, aquaculture emissions are calculated by chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen, accounting for 4% of agricultural emissions. Most pollutants in aquaculture are organic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which mainly cause eutrophication of water environment and have little impact on water body as a whole. In addition, filter-feeding fish such as shellfish algae in marine culture and silver carp and bighead carp in freshwater culture in China are all non-feeding aquaculture varieties. Among them, shellfish algae account for 83% of the total amount of marine aquaculture, and filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp account for 25% of the total amount of freshwater aquaculture. These cultured varieties have good purification and restoration effects on the environment. It is estimated that in 2016, only silver carp and bighead carp culture can eliminate about 370,000 tons of nitrogen and 140,000 tons of phosphorus in water.　

The results of a consulting research project of China Academy of Engineering show that the algae culture of marine shellfish has an efficient "carbon fixation" function. Yu Kangzhen said that only marine shellfish culture can remove more than 1.2 million tons of carbon every year. "The contribution of marine shellfish culture in China to reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide is enormous. To make a metaphor, it is equivalent to afforestation of 500,000 hectares per year, and the ecological benefits are remarkable. "

　　CCTV News:According to CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection’s website, this year is the year of transition, and it is a top priority to choose good people and use good people. Regarding the discipline of strict change, the work report of the Seventh Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection requires: "Implement the Party Central Committee ‘ The opinions of the discipline inspection and supervision organs must be listened to, and complaints and reports with specific clues must be investigated ’ The request for a veto of a politically problematic vote. "

　　Political problems of cadres are no less harmful to the party than corruption.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "Political problems of cadres are no less harmful to the party than corruption, and some are even more serious than corruption."

　　In recent years, many cases have been investigated and dealt with, which show that party member’s cadres are politically incompetent and have political problems, which often do more harm to the party’s cause. Take the middle-ranking cadres investigated and dealt with in recent years, their most prominent and worst behaviors are often political problems — —

　　Huang Xingguo, acting secretary and mayor of the former Tianjin Municipal Party Committee, seriously violated political discipline and rules, discussed the central government’s major policies and undermined the party’s centralization and unity;

　　Lu Enguang, a member of the former party group of the Ministry of Justice and director of the Political Department, made a comprehensive fraud on his age, party membership materials, work experience, education background and family situation, and deceived the organization for a long time;

　　Yu Haiyan, former member of the Standing Committee of Gansu Provincial Party Committee and vice governor, organized a group to cultivate private forces, opposed organizational censorship, wooed corrupt discipline inspection cadres and patrol cadres, inquired about patrol information, and interfered with supervision and discipline work … …

　　It is also worthy of our vigilance that political issues and economic corruption are intertwined through interest transfer, forming interest groups and endangering the political security of the party and the country. For example, Chen Shulong, the former vice governor of Anhui Province, has long used his power and position to conduct business and profit-making activities, grabbing huge economic benefits, and bringing the principle of commodity exchange into the party’s political life, where political issues are intertwined with economic issues.

　　In view of this situation, the analysis of the Supreme Leader General Secretary hit the nail on the head: "Corruption and political problems often go hand in hand. Can’t we do these things, such as forming gangs and buying people’s hearts, without material means? If you can’t do it, you have to do crooked ways to find money. Conversely, if there is corruption, then you will think about how to find a safe passage for yourself and find an umbrella, you will engage in group gangs, and even want to influence the organization’s decision on the leadership team for your own self-interest. "

　　These cases also reflect that not talking about politics and engaging in political nothingness are the main contradictions facing the current political life within the party: disloyalty and dishonesty to the party, one set ahead of others, one set behind others, duplicity, and "two-faced"; The implementation of the central government’s major policies and decision-making arrangements is not resolutely in place, and the local area and the area in charge are regarded as private territories; Worship the pier and set up an antenna, choose people to be crony, engage in small hills and form a party for personal gain, which seriously pollutes the political ecology.

　　To solve these problems in inner-party political life, party member cadres are required to tighten the string of political discipline and rules at all times. Political discipline is the most fundamental and important discipline of our party, and observing political discipline is the basis of observing all disciplines of the party. When Ji Gang is abolished, why is nothing born? Since 2016, 51 middle-ranking cadres who have been disciplined by the Party for serious violations of discipline have been notified by the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and almost all of them have violated political discipline and rules. The most common situations include: organizing gangs, forming gangs, opposing organizational censorship, engaging in superstitious activities, and so on.

　　It can be seen from this that no one can play with political discipline and rules, and those who violate them will pay the price, even senior cadres! For party member cadres, stressing politics is the first requirement. When we are serious about the political life within the Party and purify the political ecology, we must also examine and guard from the political height, always tighten the string of political discipline and rules, stick to our beliefs, stand firm, and always take the quasi-political direction.

　　This year, the party committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country will be re-elected, and the candidates for the "two committees" and party representatives of the 19th National Congress will be produced one after another. In order to choose the right people, the good ones and the best ones, we must strictly control politics and resolutely prevent people with political problems from entering the leadership team.

　　Strictly control the candidates for general election and put political standards first.

　　Some time ago, Li, a department-level cadre in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was "rejected by one vote" in the change of county-level leadership. Li is very regretful: "I only reported personal matters based on personal memory and did not communicate with my family, so I underreported a piece of housing information. At that time, I thought that the organization was too busy to be found … …” Just because the report on personal matters was untrue, Li was reported by the real name of the masses and was verified, and finally lost the opportunity to inspect the candidates.

　　Is it serious that personal matters are underreported and concealed, and files are altered in several places? Sure! This is a test of whether party member cadres are loyal and honest to the Party organization and have a heart-to-heart disclosure. Loyalty to the party and political reliability will always be the first requirement.

　　The so-called "strictly controlling politics in the new term" means insisting on putting political standards in the first place, in-depth investigation of candidates’ political beliefs, political positions, political determination and political character, and understanding of candidates’ words and deeds and principles. In particular, we should pay attention to the performance of the candidates in maintaining a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee, implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and safeguarding the party’s centralization and unity. Those who have problems in these areas must be rejected by one vote.

　　For example, in order to ensure the smooth transition, Xinjiang has refined the criteria for cadres’ political qualification into 22 specific manifestations in four aspects: political firmness, political acumen, political discrimination and political execution, and has implemented a one-vote veto on any problematic cadre.

　　"the first pass is not enough, and the rest is not enough." Recently, Tianjin used these eight words to let the city’s leading cadres realize how important political issues are. Tianjin strictly controls the candidates for re-election, puts political standards in the first place, and vetoes the one-vote vote of engaging in small circles and not being responsible and conscientious, and being a good man — — There are 86 bureau-level cadres who have not been listed as candidates for re-election due to poor political awareness; 1260 problematic delegates and Committee members were excluded.

　　Political issues are fundamental and big issues at any time. In the process of general election, leading cadres with strong political awareness, overall situation, excellent work style and courage to take responsibility can only be truly selected into the leading group if they are unambiguous about the existing problems, one-vote veto of political problems and resolute exclusion of serious injuries in integrity.

On November 15th, BMW China announced the launch of a brand-new pure electric BMW i4 sedan. As a mid-term modified model, the new car has been mainly adjusted in appearance and interior. The new BMW i4 continues the design style of the current model, with vertical double arrow LED daytime running lights on the front face, and the light source arrangement in the headlight group has changed. In the rear part, the new BMW i4 will use a newly designed laser taillight, which was first used on the BMW M4 CSL high-performance model, and has multiple L-shaped decorative lines crossed and combined, showing a certain three-dimensional effect.

In terms of interior, the new BMW i4 continues the curved dual-screen layout of the current model, consisting of a 12.3-inch digital instrument and a 14.9-inch infotainment screen, matching the BMW iDrive 8.5 operating system and supporting the interconnection of Apple CarPlay mobile phones. The functions of air conditioning temperature/air volume, seat and steering wheel heating of new cars can be controlled by display screen or voice. Ambient lights are added at the air outlet of the air conditioner under the central control panel, and the vehicle also uses a new style of flat-bottomed three-spoke steering wheel and a new color matching structure seat. The suggested retail price of eDrive35 and eDrive40 of the new pure electric BMW i4 sedan is 429,900 yuan and 469,900 yuan respectively.

When it comes to boron steel, in fact, many people have little understanding, and some people even confuse high-strength steel with boron steel. Some people say that the proportion of boron steel is particularly high, so it is particularly safe, but this is only half true. In layman’s terms, the use of boron steel is a matter of conscience; the use of boron steel is good, and the use of boron steel is ability.

Yesterday, I was chatting with a friend who is in the same industry. He has been driving the luxury Sedan for more than 3 years and told me that he wants to change the car because his wife has just become pregnant and the smell in the car has not dissipated. I am afraid that it will affect the child and need to replace it.

I: "Do you like it?"

Friend: "I want to see the new intermediate"

Me: "Oh, just because it’s more environmentally friendly?"

Friend: "Hey, not all of them. Everyone says it’s safer. I value this more when I have children."

Me: "Tell me where is safer"

Friend: "I knew the first person to invent the seat belt…"

You see, in fact, sometimes industry insiders don’t have much better opinions on a certain issue than ordinary consumers. For example, my friend didn’t know that the invention was actually "."

The most shining labels on the body are undoubtedly "safe" and "environmental protection". Perhaps because such labels are too eye-catching, many people do not realize where the safety lies under such labels. Its safety core may be as simple as its Nordic appearance.

Externally Soft and Inner "Steel": The Profundity of Boron Steel in Body Structure

When it comes to safety, it must be mentioned; when it comes to materials, some people say materials; when it comes to materials, high-strength steel must be the word with the highest appearance rate. Today we will talk about the story behind high-strength steel. Boron steel, one of the best structural steels, is the guest here today.

"Hello everyone, my name is Boron, and my English name is Boron. 0.001% of the earth’s crust is composed of my brothers and sisters."

Boron is a non-metal, its hardness in nature is second only to stone, it is widely used in the production of nuclear reactor control rods, and can also be used in the manufacture of alloys. Boron steel, as the name suggests, is a steel that is mainly alloyed with boron. After adding alloy boron, the steel has very high hardenability, high wear resistance and good fatigue resistance, and is an excellent structural steel.

Like many scientific technologies, boron steel was first used in the military industry, especially in the aerospace industry and submarine manufacturing. With the vigorous development of the manufacturing industry, boron steel has a new "application". As a large-scale industrial product, in addition to high strength, good craftsmanship is also an important factor, that is, the difficulty of steel processing cannot be too high. The appearance of boron steel and heat treatment technology perfectly meets this demand.

You might ask, "How?"

First of all, the strength is very high, and the nominal strength of boron steel after hot forming treatment reaches 1500 MPa, which has good safety performance.

? Secondly, the forming performance is good. The traditional process of manufacturing complex-shaped parts usually requires multiple ordinary steel parts to be welded, while the thermoforming process often requires only one part to solve this problem. The picture below shows the composite diagram of the vehicle B-pillar assembly. The left side is ordinary steel, which requires several parts to be welded. The right side is thermoformed steel, which is integrally stamped and formed, visible to the naked eye.

Combined with these characteristics of boron steel, it is mainly used as structural steel in the industry. The structural strength of boron steel is greatly increased, which improves the anti-extrusion ability, and then protects the life safety of the occupants in the car in the event of a collision. At the same time, boron steel thermoformed parts are also the most valuable lightweight materials at present. Advances in materials and processes make it convenient for people to travel while meeting increasingly stringent safety and emission regulations.

Known for its safety, it naturally excels in the application of boron steel. Its XC90 uses nearly 40% of boron steel, S90 uses 35% of boron steel, and V90 CC and XC60 use 35% and 34% of boron steel, respectively.

Have you learned this knowledge of boron steel?

Of course, you might say that boron steel is so powerful that the more it is used in the car, the safer it is? Let’s continue to look at it.

"Steel" is soft and easy: tell you

How should excellent design be done?

As an important part of the vehicle, it is necessary not only to meet the aesthetic requirements of appearance and vision, but also to meet the requirements of aerodynamics, man-machine performance, and NVH performance. More importantly, it is necessary to protect drivers and passengers against impact.

Generally speaking, people tend to divide the simple into and, which is often not enough when talking about safety. Stephan Ryrberg, senior principal engineer at the Group Security Center, said that a complete collision should be divided into three stages:

The first stage is the energy-absorbing collision of the front structure. This stage generates a specific energy, and we () want the front of the car to absorb as much energy as possible. So sometimes the front of the car looks badly damaged after the collision, but it actually protects us effectively. Of course, the structure must be energy-absorbing and deformed under strict control.

The second stage is the collision of the occupant compartment, that is, the direct collision between the occupant and the restraint system in the vehicle. Seat belts, etc. protect the occupant by absorbing the impact energy to significantly reduce the energy transmitted to the next stage.

The third stage occurs inside the human body, and different organs will collide with each other in the body. If the structure of the vehicle is well designed, the energy transmitted to the second and third collisions will be weakened accordingly, thus reducing the damage to the human body. "

With these insights in mind, let’s talk about what requirements a person who excels in safety should meet.

01

In the investigation of safety accidents, it is shown that the proportion of occupant deaths caused by frontal collisions is the highest, so in the event of a frontal collision, the energy absorption of the front structure has a significant relationship with the deformation of the cockpit. The greater the deformation of the energy absorption zone in a frontal collision, the more the collision energy is absorbed, and the impact force can be avoided as little as possible to the passenger compartment.

This process belongs to the "energy-absorbing collision of the front structure", and in the design, the front should absorb as much energy as possible to reduce the acceleration of the collision.

In the frame is the energy absorption design of the front structure. The material distribution map clearly shows the design idea. The yellow front stringer and the green front do not use ultra-high-strength thermoformed steel. The stringer uses medium-strength steel, and the front uses an aluminum alloy cavity structure with lighter weight and better energy absorption effect.

This design can ensure that the front structure can quickly collapse in the event of a frontal collision, which absorbs kinetic energy, thus ensuring the integrity of the cockpit. It can be seen that it is not blindly pursuing strength, but choosing the most suitable material in the appropriate part to ensure the safety of the passengers in the car as the first consideration.

Words like "soft" and "crashless" are often used to describe a car that is not strong, but in fact, through professional crash tests such as E-NCAP, C-NCAP, IIHS, etc., it can be seen that the collapse energy absorption design can greatly improve crash safety, that is to say, a reasonable "soft" is actually conducive to safety.

02

The second most common death rate in a car accident is a side collision. Since there is no buffer zone on the side, there is only one fan away from the outside world when a collision occurs, so the strength and the frame strength of the occupant compartment become the foundation for protecting the occupants in the car. Common measures include increasing the strength of the interior; increasing the strength of the sidewall components, including increasing the cross-sectional shape and thickness of the B-pillar and C-pillar; increasing the strength of the threshold beam; installing a beam system at the height of the B-pillar; and installing reinforced beams below and under the rear windshield.

We still take the XC90 as an example. The part in the blue box above is the most important crew compartment. Its importance can also be seen from the distribution ratio of ultra-high-strength thermoformed boron steel. The red thermoformed boron steel is almost all distributed in this area.

As the saying goes, "good steel is used on the blade", hot-formed boron steel is uncompromising "good steel", of course, it must also be used on the "blade".

The thermoformed boron steel with the best yield strength is used in the side-B-pillar-C-pillar-middle channel-lower threshold and the foot pedal area in front of the driver and co-pilot, that is to say, when you open it, all the hidden under the door frames are thermoformed steel with a strength of up to 1500Mpa; when you sit in the driver’s seat, the pedal area under your feet, and under your center armrest, all use thermoformed steel with a strength of up to 1500Mpa. The front, rear, and left of the driver are surrounded by thermoformed boron steel, forming a safe cage structure.

The purpose of this approach is to effectively transmit the impact force to the protective beams, columns, floors, roofs, and other components in the event of a collision, so that the impact force is dispersed and absorbed by these components, which greatly improves the anti-collision ability and overall safety. It is not easy to deform in the event of a collision, and better protects the safety of the occupants in the vehicle.

In addition, the linear and coherent force transmission path design can maximize the absorption and dispersion of the impact force throughout, whether it is a frontal collision or a side collision, the impact kinetic energy can be evenly distributed to the skeleton through a coherent force transmission path, reducing the deformation of the internal space as much as possible at the moment of impact.