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The design of Roewe RX5 is full of strength and modernity. The front face adopts the family-style Roewe wing grille with sharp LED headlights, showing a unique personality and modern atmosphere. The body lines are smooth and dynamic, and with the fashionable wheel hub design, the overall style is elegant and sporty.

Roewe RX5 has a body size of 4,655 * 1,890 * 1,664 mm and a wheelbase of 2,765 mm. The body lines are smooth and full of tension. The car side part adopts fashionable and dynamic design, with 18-inch wheels, and the tyre size is 215/60 R18. As a whole, it presents an atmospheric and steady style.

The interior style of Roewe RX5 is simple and full of science and technology. The center console is equipped with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which supports voice recognition control system, and can realize the control of multimedia, navigation, telephone, air conditioning and skylight. The steering wheel is made of leather material, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth. The seat is made of imitation leather, and both the main seat and the auxiliary seat have various adjustment methods, among which the main seat also supports height adjustment (2-way). In addition, the car is equipped with multiple USB/Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for passengers to charge and connect devices. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing flexible storage space.

Roewe RX5 is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 138kW (about 188HP) and a peak torque of 300N m.. This efficient power system, combined with the 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, provides drivers with smooth and strong power output and brings excellent driving experience.

The owner of car home said that the appearance of Roewe RX5 made him fall in love at first sight, especially its tall and powerful body and luxurious front face design, which was unforgettable.

After Evergrande fell, Country Garden couldn’t hold on. Country Garden, a mine that many people can’t think of, came to expect the unexpected. Country Garden was still denying rumors before, but I didn’t expect that Country Garden suddenly came out and said that it had encountered the biggest difficulty after the company was established. The latest news is that 11 domestic bonds of Country Garden have been suspended.

Country Garden also released a data, that is, the estimated loss in the first half of 2023 is as high as 50 billion. Now the market value of Country Garden has fallen to more than 20 billion, and at its peak, the market value of Country Garden exceeded 200 billion. According to the current situation, the next trend is still unclear.

The huge losses made Country Garden’s shares and debts double-kill, and the major shareholder Yang Huiyan’s family also suffered heavy losses. Country Garden’s market value plummeted, causing the value of their stocks to plummet. However, many people can’t imagine that besides the Yang Huiyan family, there are actually two Hong Kong families, one is the Lee Shau Kee family, and the other is the Zheng Yutong family.

Country Garden was listed in 2007, and Lee Shau Kee, Zheng Yutong, Guo Henian and other Hong Kong tycoons all joined the company. This is why the market value of Country Garden can reach more than 130 billion when it was listed. Lee Shau Kee’s private investment in that year was 1 billion.

Zheng Yutong’s investment is not as bad. In those years, Hong Kong bosses frequently invested in mainland companies, and Zheng Yutong also cooperated with Liu Luanxiong and Zhang Songqiao to invest in Evergrande.

In 2014, Lee Shau Kee also bought $250 million in Country Garden bonds at one time. Lee Shau Kee and Zheng Yutong have a good personal relationship with Yang Guoqiang, the founder of Country Garden. They are both from Shunde. Lee Shau Kee and Yang Guoqiang once built a charity project together in Shenzhen.

I don’t know whether the two families, Lee Shau Kee and Zheng Yutong, still hold shares in Country Garden. If they still do, then this time it’s really a loss. Lee Shau Kee and Zheng Yutong, of course, the strength of the two families is very strong, even if the loss of 1.8 billion is not too big a problem.

Lee Shau Kee, together with Zheng Yutong, is known as the four richest people in Hong Kong. They have been on par with Li Ka-shing for many years. The strength of Lee Shau Kee and Zheng Yutong is actually greatly underestimated. Their assets on the wealth list are only $20 billion to $30 billion. But in fact, their real strength is far more than that.

Lee Shau Kee controls six listed companies, of which Henderson Land’s total assets exceed 500 billion, and the company’s liabilities are less than 200 billion, which means the company’s net assets exceed 300 billion. Among these assets of more than 500 billion, there are more than 260 billion investment properties, with which billions of rents can be collected every year.

That is to say, even if Lee Shau Kee no longer develops real estate projects, it will only rely on rent collection, and there will be billions of rents every year. Rent collection is almost the best business in the world, because the risk is very small, and the drought and flood guarantee the harvest.

Henderson Land is also one of the four major real estate companies in Hong Kong. The best office building international financial center in Hong Kong was jointly developed by Lee Shau Kee, Sun Hung Kai and Hong Kong Metro. Lee Shau Kee holds more than 40% of the rights and interests in this building, and this part of the rights and interests alone can collect 23 billion yuan in rent every year.

In addition, Lee Shau Kee also controlled China Gas, the only natural gas company in Hong Kong. The company’s annual profit is also 6.7 billion, and the profit is very stable. The natural gas in Hong Kong is controlled by China Gas. At the same time, Ganghua Gas, a subsidiary of China Gas, also controls the natural gas business in dozens of cities in the Mainland. Lee Shau Kee also has a huge private investment fund. In 2013, he revealed that his fund had more than 130 billion assets. When Lee Shau Kee established this fund, it injected 50 billion yuan.

Zheng Yutong is also greatly underestimated. Zheng Yutong married Zhou Cuiying, the daughter of Chow Tai Fook’s boss Zhou Zhiyuan, and then he took over Chow Tai Fook. But at that time, Chow Tai Fook was just a gold shop. Later, Zheng Yutong developed Chow Tai Fook to Hongkong, and reformed Chow Tai Fook with modern company operation mode, which achieved great success.

In the 1950s, Zheng Yutong established New World Real Estate and began to develop its real estate business in Hong Kong. With the development of Hong Kong real estate in the 1960s, New World was successfully listed in 1972.

From 1970s to 1980s, Zheng Yutong’s strength developed rapidly. On the one hand, he vigorously developed real estate, on the other hand, he vigorously developed jewelry business, and his career was in full swing.

In the middle and late 1980s, Zheng Yutong, Li Ka-shing, Lee Shau Kee and others had been called the four richest people in Hong Kong. Zheng Yutong himself died in 2016, and now his career is inherited by his grandson Zheng Zhigang. Not long ago, Zheng Zhigang took out more than 30 billion yuan at one time and privatized the new creation. This more than 30 billion is real money taken out from their family, which also shows the strength of their family. Even if we lose some money in Country Garden, it will be too big a problem for Lee Shau Kee and Zheng Yutong family. But not for the Yang Guoqiang family.

　　CCTV News:According to Japanese media reports, on the 26th, Japan Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission released the detailed video of the inside of the No.3 reactor building of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant for the first time.

　　In the video, the staff of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission, wearing several layers of protective clothing, gloves and masks covering the whole face, entered the factory building armed to the teeth. As can be seen from the picture, the factory building is unrecognizable, the ground is covered with a lot of rubble, and the pipes and pipes are also broken and scattered all over the place. When workers enter the second floor of the building, the maximum radiation measured on the surface of the pipeline reaches 150 millisieverts per hour, while the radiation intake of normal people is 1 ~ 2 millisieverts per year in the normal environment.

　　On March 11th, 2011, a strong earthquake occurred in the northeastern waters of Japan, which triggered a tsunami, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company suffered catastrophic radiation leakage. Eight years have passed since the nuclear accident, but the nuclear radiation in the building is still very strong.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Damascus, June 8 According to the Syrian News Agency, there was a fierce exchange of fire between Syrian government forces and opposition forces in northwest Syria on the 8 th, with casualties on both sides.

　　The Syrian News Agency quoted the Syrian military as saying that the opposition armed forces in the Gab area in the northwest of Hama province in Syria used car bombs and suicide attacks to launch attacks that day, occupying two government military positions. After several hours of fierce exchange of fire between the two sides, the government forces regained control of the military stronghold.

　　The Syrian military said that one government army was killed and one was injured, and the number of armed casualties of the opposition was relatively large. According to the British-based Syrian Human Rights Watch, 19 soldiers were killed by government forces and 22 by opposition forces.

　　At present, parts of northwest Syria are occupied by Syrian opposition armed forces supported by Turkey and other extremist organizations, including a large area in western Idlib province, a small area in Hama province and Aleppo province.

　　On March 5 this year, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Erdogan reached an agreement on the ceasefire in Idlib province, Syria. According to the agreement, from 0: 00 local time on March 6, the warring parties in Idlib province of Syria ended all military operations on the front.

　　On July 18th, 2016, in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, the Republican National Convention was held, and presidential candidate Trump and his wife Melania attended.

　　BEIJING, July 20 (Xinhua) According to foreign media reports on the 19 th, Dunica, a famous American "collective nude photo" photographer, enlarged his move — — On the occasion of the Republican National Convention, Dunica asked 100 naked women to take a group photo outside the Republican National Convention in Cleveland with a mirror reflecting sunlight to protest Trump’s hate speech.

　　Dunica’s large-scale art activity is called "Everything She says means everything", and all the participating women, regardless of their appearance, skin color and figure, are holding mirrors towards the venue of this week’s Republican Party Congress.

　　The Republican Party Congress officially nominated real estate tycoon Trump as the Republican presidential candidate.

　　Dunica is famous for taking nude photos, which are sometimes breathtaking. Hundreds of women showed up naked in Cleveland, some took selfies and took photos with onlookers gracefully.

　　Dunica wrote on social networking sites that these mirrors reflect "the advanced knowledge and intelligence of women to the convention center, urban landscape and vision of Cleveland".

　　The artist said that shooting is of political significance. When Dunica talked about Trump’s vicious abuse of Mexicans, Arabs, female journalists and others in June, he told AFP: "There should be no hate speech in the presidential election."

　　He said, "I can’t just vote. I have to do something." "I think every artist in the United States should create and send a message before the election."

　

1.Complaints about contract and service disputes and consulting services with market operators can be made by calling the service hotline of China Securities Regulatory Commission.12386Guangdong CSI Investor Service and Dispute Mediation Center020-37853815, or to reflect the customer service channels of market operators.

2.Report the illegal acts of securities and futures in the jurisdiction, telephone number:020-37853900(Answer time:eight：30-11：thirty、13：30-17:00Except holidays and public holidays).

3.Online report: neris.csrc.gov.cn/jubaozhongxin/ (China securities regulatory commission securities futures illegal behavior report center).

4.Site Reception Location: Linjiang Avenue, Tianhe District, GuangzhouthreeNo.1 Development Center Guangdong Securities Regulatory Bureau Letters and Calls Reception Room (Visiting time: morningeight：30-11：thirtyIn the afternoonone：30-4:30, except holidays and public holidays); Mailing address: Linjiang Avenue, Tianhe District, GuangzhouthreeNo.1 development center15Building, postal code:510623.

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (The above information was updated on August 25th, 2021)

Gansu Provincial Highway Regulations

(adopted at the sixth meeting of the Standing Committee of the fourteenth Gansu Provincial People’s Congress on November 28, 2023)

catalogue

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Highway Planning

Chapter III Highway Construction

Chapter IV Highway Maintenance

Chapter V Highway Utilization and Management

Chapter VI Toll Roads

Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 In order to strengthen the construction, protection and management of highways, ensure the integrity, safety and smoothness of highways, improve the service level of highways, and promote the high-quality development of highways, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Highway Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on Highway Safety Protection of the State Council and other laws and administrative regulations, combined with the actual situation of this province.

Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to the planning, construction, maintenance, utilization, operation, management and related activities of highways within the administrative area of this province.

Where laws and administrative regulations have already provided for the planning, construction, maintenance, utilization, operation and management of highways, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 3 Highways mentioned in these Regulations include highway bridges, highway tunnels and highway ferries.

According to their position in the road network, highways are divided into national highways, provincial highways, county roads, township roads and village roads, and according to their technical levels, they are divided into expressways, first-class highways, second-class highways, third-class highways and fourth-class highways.

The definition of the scope of rural roads and the construction and management of special roads shall be implemented in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant state regulations.

Article 4 Highway development should adhere to the people-centered development idea, follow the principles of overall planning, rational layout, quality assurance, convenience and smoothness, environmental protection, openness and integration, and equal emphasis on construction and maintenance, strengthen highway safety protection and fully improve highway utilization efficiency.

Article 5 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the organization and leadership of highway work, incorporate highway development into national economic and social development planning, land space planning and comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning, promote the integrated and balanced development of urban and rural highway transportation, strengthen the deep integration of highway and economic and social development, coordinate and solve major problems in highway development, and coordinate funds to support highway planning, construction, maintenance, utilization and management according to the division of powers.

The township (town) people’s government is responsible for the construction and maintenance of township roads and village roads within their respective administrative areas. Village (neighborhood) committees shall, under the guidance of township (town) people’s governments, assist in the management of village roads.

Sixth provincial people’s government departments in charge of transportation in charge of the province’s highway work. The transportation departments of the people’s governments of cities (states) and counties (cities, districts) are in charge of highway work within their respective administrative areas.

The departments of development and reform, industry and informatization, public security, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grassland, water conservancy, market supervision and management, and emergency management of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall do a good job in highway-related work within their respective functions and duties.

Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation, development and reform departments should strengthen the convergence and integration of highways and other modes of transportation, promote the interconnection of transportation facilities in the region, enhance their ability to support economic development and guarantee the lives of urban and rural residents, improve the quality of diversified services and the level of linkage and integration, and realize mutual linkage, resource sharing and coordinated development among regions.

Article 8 People’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation and other relevant departments shall encourage social capital to participate in highway construction, maintenance, utilization and management activities according to law through market-oriented methods, and jointly promote technological innovation in highway construction, maintenance and management. Support the research and development, popularization and application of new materials, new technologies, new processes and new products, and promote the digitalization, intelligent construction and upgrading of highway infrastructure.

Chapter II Highway Planning

Article 9 Highway planning should be compiled according to the needs of national economic and social development and national defense construction in the administrative region, pay attention to the improvement of highway network and the improvement of highway grades, standards and service levels, conform to the national land space planning and the national highway master plan, and coordinate with other relevant special plans such as transportation development planning.

Provincial road planning should be coordinated with national road planning, county road planning should be coordinated with provincial road planning, township road planning should be coordinated with county road planning, and village road planning should be coordinated with township road planning to ensure the full function of road network.

New construction, reconstruction and expansion of highway projects shall conform to highway planning. Construction projects determined by highway planning shall be organized and implemented in a planned way.

Tenth national, provincial, county and township road planning, approval and filing, in accordance with laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of the state. Village road planning shall be compiled by the township (town) people’s government under the guidance of the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government, approved by the county (city, district) people’s government and reported to the transportation department of the city (state) people’s government for the record.

Eleventh highway construction land planning should conform to the national spatial planning, the construction land should be included in the annual construction land plan, and the use should be controlled according to law.

Article 12 Where the preparation of plans for cities, villages and towns or the examination and approval of land for construction involves the area adjacent to the outer edge of the boundary of the highway construction control area, the opinions of the transportation authorities shall be sought, and the control distance between buildings, ground structures and highways shall be indicated according to law.

Planning and construction of railway, water conservancy and other projects and various pipeline facilities, which really need to cross or parallel with highways or their facilities, shall solicit the opinions of the competent department of transportation, and meet the technical standards, safety standards and other requirements of highway engineering.

When the normal use of railway, water conservancy and other projects and various pipeline facilities is affected by highway construction, the highway construction unit shall obtain the consent of the relevant departments in advance and take safety protection measures to avoid affecting the operation safety.

Chapter III Highway Construction

Thirteenth highway construction should strictly implement the basic construction procedures and land management, bidding, project quality supervision, product quality, safety in production, ecological environment protection, circular economy development, cultural relics protection and other relevant laws and regulations.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall maintain the order of highway construction, establish and improve the supervision and management system of highway construction quality and safety, and strengthen the all-round supervision and management of highway construction quality and safety.

Article 14 The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their affiliated institutions may entrust professional institutions to provide technical services for the supervision and management of highway construction in accordance with the provisions by means of government purchasing services.

Fifteenth highway construction project declaration, project feasibility study, preliminary design, construction drawing design review, approval and construction permit in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province.

Rural roads with technical grade III and IV can be directly designed for construction drawing. The preliminary design and construction drawing design of rural highway construction projects with complex technology can be submitted to the competent department of transportation at the next higher level for approval.

Sixteenth highway construction and maintenance funds should be raised through multiple channels and ways, and strengthen management, earmarking. Finance, auditing, transportation and other relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and management of highway construction and maintenance funds.

Seventeenth people’s governments at all levels should establish a fund-raising mechanism for rural highway construction, maintenance and management, with government investment as the main part, supplemented by multi-channel financing, and encouraging all sectors of society to participate in accordance with the law.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, make overall arrangements for funds to support the construction and maintenance of rural roads.

Eighteenth new construction, renovation and expansion of national and provincial roads shall conform to the technical standards prescribed by the state; County roads and township roads shall be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade III highways, but if the road sections of township roads cannot meet the technical standards of Grade III highways due to limited topographic and geological conditions, they may be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade IV highways; Village roads should be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade IV highways. The original highway that does not meet the minimum technical grade requirements shall take measures to gradually transform it into a highway that meets the technical grade requirements.

Nineteenth new construction, renovation and expansion of highways should be in accordance with the relevant technical standards, overall planning and construction of highway traffic safety, electromechanical, highway service management facilities and other ancillary facilities that need to be built, and the required funds should be included in the construction project budget.

The ancillary facilities of the highway mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be designed, constructed, accepted and put into use simultaneously with the main project of the highway construction project.

Article 20 Highway construction shall conform to the technical standards of highway planning and highway construction projects, abide by the basic construction procedures stipulated by the state, and implement the system of project legal person responsibility, bidding system, project supervision system and contract management system.

Highway construction projects implement the lifelong quality responsibility system, and units engaged in highway construction, survey and design, construction and supervision shall establish and improve the quality and safety assurance system in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, implement the post responsibility system, and carry out work in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and technical standards for highway construction projects and contractual agreements to ensure the quality and safety of highway projects.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws, regulations and mandatory standards concerning the quality and safety of highway projects.

Twenty-first highway construction site signs management. The signboard shall indicate the operation content of the project, the name of the project legal person, survey and design, construction and supervision unit and the name of the main person in charge, and accept social supervision.

Twenty-second construction units shall be fully responsible for the quality and safety of highway construction projects, and perform the following obligations:

(a) to establish and improve the project quality and safety management system;

(two) the establishment of a special project quality and safety management institutions;

(three) to review the conditions for safe production on the construction site;

(four) to organize the investigation of hidden dangers of quality and safety, and to timely rectify the found engineering quality problems and safety problems;

(5) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Twenty-third survey and design units shall conduct survey and design in accordance with technical standards and specifications for highway construction, and be responsible for survey results and design documents.

Investigation units shall conduct on-the-spot investigation and measurement in accordance with the technical standards and specifications of highway construction projects, and carry out investigations on hydrology, geology, climate and underground pipe networks. In case of adverse environment such as unfavorable geology, special rock and soil, harmful gas or other situations that may cause hidden dangers of engineering quality and safety, prevention suggestions shall be put forward, and experts shall be organized to demonstrate when necessary.

The design unit shall, in the early stage of design, carry out safety risk assessment on highway construction projects with complex construction conditions, great technical difficulty and great danger, compile safety risk assessment reports, put forward countermeasures, and indicate the adverse geology, key parts and links of the project and new technologies, new materials, new processes and new products adopted in the design documents, and put forward corresponding measures and suggestions to ensure the quality and safety of the project.

Twenty-fourth construction units shall, in accordance with the design documents, construction specifications and other provisions or requirements, formulate the construction organization design and special construction plan, and be responsible for the construction quality and safety of highway construction projects. Highway construction projects with complex construction conditions, great technical difficulties and great risks such as bridges, tunnels and high slopes shall be assessed for safety risks, and safety risk assessment reports shall be compiled, and countermeasures shall be put forward, which shall be reviewed by the supervision unit and approved by the construction unit.

The construction unit shall record the construction process by means of information technology such as video monitoring for key parts of concealed works and bridges and tunnels with complicated structures, as well as densely populated areas such as mixing stations, steel processing plants and beam slab prefabrication plants.

Twenty-fifth supervision units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the supervision contract, fully equip personnel and equipment, set up corresponding on-site supervision institutions, establish supervision systems, carry out supervision work fairly, independently and independently, and assume supervision responsibilities for construction quality and safety production during construction.

Supervision units shall, in accordance with laws and regulations, mandatory standards for engineering construction, design documents and engineering supervision contracts, take the form of patrol, on-site inspection and parallel inspection, supervise the implementation of construction organization design and special construction scheme, and focus on the supervision of key parts, links and procedures; If quality and safety problems or hidden dangers of accidents are found, the construction unit shall be urged to rectify in time, and if necessary, the instruction to suspend construction shall be issued, and the construction unit and traffic engineering quality and safety supervision institution shall be reported in time.

Supervisors shall not practice in more than two supervision contract sections at the same time.

Twenty-sixth test units shall conduct inspection and testing in accordance with laws and regulations and relevant technical standards and regulations.

The testing unit shall not accept the entrustment of construction, project supervision and construction at the same time in the same contract section of the project; Employees of test and testing units shall not practice in more than two test and testing units at the same time; The test items and parameters carried out by the test and testing unit shall not exceed the scope authorized by its grade certificate, and shall be responsible for the authenticity of the test data and test opinions.

Twenty-seventh after the completion of the highway construction project, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, organize the inspection of the quality of the project. Without quality inspection, or unqualified inspection, or not in accordance with the quality inspection and rectification opinions to complete the rectification, the construction unit shall not organize the completion acceptance.

The highway construction project can be put into trial operation only after it has passed the acceptance inspection and filed with the competent transportation department. After the trial operation expires, the construction unit shall apply to the competent department of transportation for completion acceptance. The competent department of transportation shall organize the quality appraisal of the project. If the quality appraisal is unqualified, it shall not organize the completion acceptance.

The completion and acceptance of rural highway construction projects with technical grade III and IV can be combined, but the corresponding quality defect liability period and quality warranty period system should be implemented.

Twenty-eighth highway construction projects to implement the quality warranty system. The construction unit and the construction unit shall specify the warranty scope, warranty period and warranty responsibility of the project in the construction contract.

Article 29 Highway construction units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the state and this province on file management, timely collect and sort out the documents of all links of highway construction projects, establish and improve the archives of highway construction projects, and timely hand over the archives of construction projects to the archives management department and other relevant departments after the completion and acceptance of highway construction projects.

Thirtieth new highway projects across administrative regions in this province, the people’s governments at or above the county level in the adjacent administrative regions shall reach an agreement through consultation, and implement them in accordance with the principle of unified standards and synchronous construction, so as to promote the coordinated development of highway construction in different regions. When necessary, the people’s government at the next higher level shall coordinate and solve the problem.

Chapter IV Highway Maintenance

Article 31 Highway maintenance shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations, technical standards, technical specifications and operating procedures for highway maintenance, and keep the highway in good technical condition.

Article 32 Highway maintenance duties shall be performed according to the following division of labor:

(a) the government toll roads shall be responsible for the maintenance institutions determined by the transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level;

(two) non toll national highway by the provincial people’s government department in charge of transportation highway maintenance agencies responsible for;

(3) Non-toll provincial roads shall be the responsibility of the maintenance institutions under the transportation departments of the people’s governments of provinces and cities (prefectures) in accordance with the relevant provisions;

(four) the county road is responsible for the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government or other maintenance units determined by the people’s government at the county level;

(five) the township (town) people’s government is responsible for township roads and village roads;

(six) the operating toll road is responsible for the highway management unit.

The main body of highway maintenance listed in the preceding paragraph shall carry out daily maintenance inspections and make inspection records; If it is found that roads and their ancillary facilities are damaged or have potential safety hazards, warning signs and safety protection facilities should be set up immediately, and emergency repairs should be organized in time or measures should be taken to eliminate potential safety hazards.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the guidance, inspection and supervision of highway maintenance.

Thirty-third highway maintenance costs shall be borne and guaranteed in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) government toll roads are charged from the toll revenue;

(two) the toll-free national highway shall be undertaken and guaranteed by the provincial people’s government in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province;

(3) Non-toll provincial roads shall be undertaken and guaranteed by the provincial, municipal (state) people’s governments in accordance with relevant regulations;

(four) operating toll roads shall be borne and guaranteed by highway management units.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall timely and fully allocate the highway maintenance costs borne by them.

Thirty-fourth highway maintenance institutions and highway management units shall organize the preparation of highway maintenance plans according to the requirements of highway grade, mileage, technical condition, traffic volume, maintenance budget quota and maintenance norms.

Highway maintenance institutions and highway management units shall, before implementing highway maintenance operations, formulate highway maintenance operation plans and simultaneously formulate corresponding traffic organization plans. The preparation of the maintenance operation plan and traffic organization plan shall avoid or reduce the construction of closed lanes during the peak traffic hours; If it is really necessary to occupy the road or vehicles need to bypass because of the occupation of the road, it shall solicit the opinions of the traffic management department and the transportation department of the public security organ in advance and make an announcement in accordance with the regulations; If the maintenance operation affects traffic safety, the operating unit shall take effective safety protection measures and cooperate with the traffic management department of the public security organ to maintain road traffic order.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of highway maintenance plans and highway maintenance operation plans.

Thirty-fifth transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall promote the marketization of highway maintenance.

Highway maintenance projects that should be subject to bidding according to law shall be subject to bidding according to legal procedures, and maintenance operation units with corresponding technical capabilities and qualifications shall be selected, and written highway maintenance contracts shall be signed. Highway collapse, uplift, damage and other serious impact on traffic safety and the need for emergency maintenance, you can directly entrust a maintenance operation unit with corresponding capabilities to implement emergency maintenance.

Article 36 The township (town) people’s government may, in combination with the actual situation of the minimum living guarantee in rural areas and the purchase of public welfare posts by the government, establish a relatively stable mass maintenance organization or adopt individual and family sub-contract methods to carry out daily maintenance of township roads and village roads.

The township (town) people’s government shall sign a written rural highway maintenance contract with the maintenance unit or individual to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.

Article 37 If the original highway function or position in the road network of some sections of a highway changes, the handover procedures shall be handled in accordance with the existing functions and relevant regulations. The receiving unit shall perform highway maintenance and other related duties from the date of handling the handover procedures.

Chapter V Highway Utilization and Management

Article 38 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to strengthen the protection, utilization and management of highways.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions shall perform their duties according to law, do a good job in highway protection, utilization and management, improve highway service facilities, improve the level of highway service, utilization and management, and ensure the integrity, safety and smoothness of highways.

All units and individuals have the obligation to protect highway property, maintain highway traffic order, obey management and command, and not interfere with the safe and smooth operation of highways, and also enjoy the right of way and other legal rights to use highways according to law.

Article 39 People’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation and other relevant departments shall strengthen the service and management of highway resources utilization, take effective measures to solve the problems of idle, waste and inefficient utilization of highway resources, and promote the efficient and rational utilization of highway resources.

Article 40 The transportation departments and highway management units of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the needs of local economic and social development and serving people’s travel, scientifically and standardly set up entrances and exits, transform connecting lines, expand the space and functions of service areas, and comprehensively improve the radiation range and service capacity of highways.

Toll roads should adjust the toll standards according to the traffic volume and technical conditions of the roads, scientifically set speed limit signs, and improve the traffic efficiency of the road network.

Article 41 The people’s governments at or above the county level, their transportation departments and other relevant departments shall fully integrate and utilize all kinds of resources along highways and their borders, make overall plans, adjust measures to local conditions, establish and improve the coordination and linkage mechanism, encourage and guide relevant market entities to participate in an orderly manner, improve the value-added services of highway transportation, promote the deep integration of highways and related industries, and promote the healthy development of the economy of Luyan.

Article 42 The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall improve the highway logistics management system, enhance their service and supervision capabilities to the highway logistics market, optimize the highway logistics information service platform and its services, rationally allocate highway transportation resources, promote the combined transport of highway transportation and other modes of transportation, and reduce the empty driving rate of logistics transportation vehicles.

Forty-third people’s governments at or above the county level departments in charge of transportation, traffic management departments of public security organs and other relevant departments shall handle highway use permits according to law.

Except as otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, the licensing of highway utilization matters shall be handled in accordance with the following responsibilities and authorities:

(1) The application for trans-provincial transfinite transportation with the place of departure within the province shall be accepted and approved by the transportation department of the provincial people’s government, and the transportation department of the place of departure shall be responsible for the inspection and verification; Cross-city (state) and cross-county (city, district) applications for over-limit transportation shall be accepted and approved by the transportation department of the people’s government of the city (state); County (city, district) within the overrun transportation application by the county (city, district) people’s government department in charge of transportation acceptance and approval;

(two) highway construction permits, non highway signs permit, approved by the provincial people’s government department in charge of transportation;

(3) The road-related construction license and off-highway signboard license of ordinary national highways and provincial highways outside expressways shall be examined and approved by the transportation departments of the people’s governments of cities (states) and counties (cities, districts) according to their functions and powers;

(4) The permission for road-related construction of rural roads and the permission for off-road signs shall be examined and approved by the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government.

If the licensing matters specified in the preceding paragraph affect traffic safety, the consent of the traffic management department of the public security organ shall also be obtained.

Forty-fourth the following vehicles passing on the highway shall be approved or approved by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments:

(a) vehicles that really need to exceed the load limit standard of highways or highway bridges;

(2) Vehicles carrying non-detachable articles, and the overall outline size or total mass of the goods exceeds the prescribed standards of load limit, height limit, width limit and length limit;

(3) Vehicles carrying inflammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive and other dangerous goods.

Article 45 The implementation of the following acts within the scope of highways and highway land shall be subject to the permission or approval of the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments:

(a) due to the construction of railways, airports, power supply, water conservancy, communications and other construction projects, it is necessary to occupy, dig roads, land for highways or change the route of highways;

(two) crossing the highway to build bridges, aqueducts or erect and bury pipelines, cables and other facilities;

(3) Erecting and burying pipelines, cables and other facilities within the scope of highway land use;

(four) the use of highway bridges, highway tunnels and culverts to lay cables and other facilities;

(5) Setting up off-highway signs within the scope of land used for highways or using facilities crossing highways;

(6) adding or reconstructing a level crossing on the highway;

(seven) update the cutting of road protection forest.

Forty-sixth vehicles that have been approved by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall carry license photos and relevant license documents with them, hang obvious signs on the vehicles, and drive safely according to the permitted time, route and speed.

In the highway, highway land use scope, highway construction control area, the implementation of construction operations and other acts that should be approved by the competent department of transportation and other relevant departments should be carried out in accordance with the approved plans, plans, construction drawings and regulatory requirements of the competent department of transportation and other relevant departments.

Article 47 The following acts are prohibited within highways and land used for highways:

(a) set up stalls, threshing floor drying grain, planting crops, stocking livestock, fair trade;

(2) Dumping, piling up, scattering and burning articles and garbage;

(3) Setting up buildings, structures or places on the ground, such as shacks, maintenance, car washing, water filling and refueling sites, and facilities unrelated to highway protection and management, such as poles and transformers;

(four) landfill, blocking, damage to the highway drainage system or using highway bridges and culverts, drainage ditches and other facilities to divert water for irrigation, discharge sewage, build dams to store water, and set gates;

(five) mining, quarrying, earth borrowing, sand digging and goaf operation;

(6) stacking articles and building facilities under highway bridges, highway tunnels and culverts, as well as laying high-voltage wires and pipelines conveying flammable, explosive or other toxic and harmful gases and liquids;

(seven) theft, removal, damage, alteration of highway signs, marking and measuring piles, boundary markers, guardrails, flowers and trees and other highway ancillary facilities;

(eight) other acts prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.

Forty-eighth people’s governments at or above the county level shall determine the scope of highway land according to the following standards:

(a) there are ditches on both sides of the highway (intercepting ditch at the top of the slope and slope protection road at the foot of the slope), and the land use scope is not less than one meter from the outer edge of the ditches;

(two) there are no ditches on both sides of the highway, and the land use scope is not less than one meter outside the slope toe of the embankment or slope protection road.

In conditional lots, the land use scope of expressways and first-class highways is not less than three meters; The scope of land for secondary roads is not less than two meters.

Article 49 When carrying out construction operations in areas near the outer edge of highway land, highway bridges, highway tunnels and highway ferries, or setting up places and facilities for producing, storing and selling inflammable, explosive, toxic and radioactive dangerous goods, the safety distance standard for highway protection stipulated by the state shall be observed, and the safety of highways and their facilities shall not be endangered.

Article 50 The scope of construction control areas of national highways, provincial highways, county roads, township roads and expressways shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. The range of the village road building control area shall be no less than three meters from the outer edge of the highway land.

New towns, development zones, factories, mines, residential quarters, schools, goods distribution centers, large commercial outlets, farmers’ markets and other public places, the distance between the outer edge of the land boundary and the outer edge of the highway construction control area, national highways and provincial highways is not less than 50 meters; County roads and township roads are not less than twenty meters; The village road is not less than ten meters, and should be built on one side of the highway as far as possible.

In addition to the needs of highway protection and maintenance, it is forbidden to build buildings and ground structures in the building control areas on both sides of the highway. If it is necessary to lay pipelines, cables and other construction operations in the building control area, it shall be approved in advance by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level.

Article 51 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall establish a unified supervision platform for highway over-limit transportation in the whole province, and realize the sharing of information such as freight source units, road freight transport operators, freight transport vehicles and drivers, contact information and over-limit licenses with the traffic management department of the public security organ.

The transportation authorities shall adjust and optimize the layout of over-limit detection sites of national highways, provincial highways and trunk highways in combination with the development and changes of the highway network, establish and improve the joint law enforcement mechanism with the traffic management department of the public security organ, strengthen on-site inspection of over-limit vehicles in accordance with the regulations, and take fixed detection, mobile detection, non-stop technical detection and other ways to carry out over-limit detection of cargo transport vehicles. The illegal and out-of-gauge transport vehicles found in the on-site inspection and detection shall be dealt with according to law by the competent department of transportation and the traffic management department of the public security organ in accordance with their respective responsibilities.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and management of highways, and the relevant measures for the management of highway overloading in this province shall be formulated by the provincial people’s government.

Article 52 Distribution centers and freight stations for coal, steel, cement, sand and gravel, ore and other goods, as well as other business units engaged in road freight transportation, loading and stowage (hereinafter referred to as freight source units), shall not illegally overload vehicles.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall announce the list of key freight source units to the society. The competent department of transportation shall establish the credit evaluation system of freight source units and the credit evaluation system of freight drivers, strengthen the supervision and management of freight source units and other loading sites, and perform supervision and management duties according to law by patrolling or sending law enforcement personnel.

The freight source unit shall install qualified weighing and measuring equipment, establish and improve the post responsibilities and accountability system for driving and releasing freight vehicles, and shall not release illegal, overloaded and overloaded freight vehicles from their business premises.

Road transport enterprises shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, strengthen the monitoring of the whole process of vehicle loading and operation, and prevent drivers from illegally overloading.

Article 53 The transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government or the township (town) people’s government may, according to the needs of protecting rural roads, set up height-limiting and width-limiting facilities and safety warning signs at the entrances and exits of township roads and village roads or at important nodes according to law, but it shall not affect the emergency traffic needs such as fire fighting and health first aid, and shall not charge the passing vehicles.

Expressway management units shall, in accordance with the provisions, set up weighing detection facilities at the entrance of the expressway to carry out weighing detection on freight vehicles, and shall not allow illegal, overloaded and overloaded vehicles to enter the expressway. No unit or individual may intentionally block the highway overrun detection station, highway entrance detection lane and traffic lane.

Fixed overrun detection sites, highway entrances and exits and freight source weighing detection equipment shall be regularly verified by legal metrological verification institutions. Without verification or unqualified testing equipment, the test data shall not be used as the basis for determining the overload.

Article 54 Pedestrians, non-motor vehicles, tractors, wheeled special-purpose mechanical vehicles, full-trailer trucks and other vehicles with a designed maximum speed of less than 70 kilometers per hour are not allowed to enter the expressway.

Expressway shall indicate the driving speed of the lane, and the maximum speed shall not exceed 120 kilometers per hour and the minimum speed shall not be less than 60 kilometers per hour. The safety distance and speed limit requirements of motor vehicles driving on expressways shall comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations.

Fifty-fifth vehicles on the highway, not reversing, retrograde, not through the central isolation belt to turn around or turn, not to occupy the emergency lane. No unit or individual is allowed to stop and check the running vehicles on the expressway, except that the people’s police of public security organs perform emergency duties according to law.

When a motor vehicle breaks down on the expressway and needs to be stopped for troubleshooting, the driver should immediately turn on the danger warning flash and move the motor vehicle to a place that does not hinder traffic. If it is difficult to move, it should continue to turn on the danger warning flash, and set up a warning sign for the faulty car 150 meters away from the direction of the incoming car; At night and in rainy, snowy and foggy days, you should also abide by the provisions of laws and regulations, and turn on the position lights, taillights and rear fog lights at the same time. People on board should be quickly transferred to the right shoulder or emergency lane, and call the police quickly.

If a motor vehicle fails or has a traffic accident on the expressway and cannot run normally, it shall be towed and towed by a rescue vehicle and a wrecker.

Article 56 It is forbidden for vehicles to run when the transported goods touch the ground.

Effective protective or sealing measures shall be taken when vehicles transport articles that are easy to spill, drip, fly, scatter and pollute.

Vehicle drivers and passengers or other personnel who find obstacles affecting traffic safety on the highway shall promptly report to the competent department of transportation and its subordinate institutions and the traffic management department of the public security organ for handling.

Fifty-seventh highways and national highways shall not be used as motor vehicle driving training venues. Motor vehicle driving training on other highways shall comply with the provisions of the traffic management department of the public security organ on driving time and road sections, and ensure that it does not hinder the safe passage of other vehicles.

Article 58 People’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen their leadership over road traffic safety and road transport safety, establish and improve the work coordination mechanism, support and urge public security, transportation and emergency management departments to perform their duties of supervision and management of road traffic safety and road transport safety in accordance with laws and regulations and the provisions of the people’s government at the corresponding level, coordinate and solve major problems existing in supervision and management in a timely manner, and prevent and reduce the occurrence of potential accidents.

Where there are no provisions on road traffic safety and road transport safety in this Ordinance, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transport and the Regulations of Gansu Province on Road Traffic Safety.

Chapter VI Toll Roads

Fifty-ninth vehicles passing on expressways and other toll roads shall pay vehicle tolls in accordance with the provisions of the state and this province. Toll roads can implement differentiated charges according to different sections, time periods and models. The charging standards, approval procedures, charging period and supervision and management of vehicle tolls shall be implemented in accordance with laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of the state and this province.

It is forbidden to collect vehicle tolls on roads other than toll roads.

Article 60 The management unit of toll roads shall set up and open a sufficient number of toll crossings according to the traffic flow, take effective measures to ensure the rapid passage of vehicles, and shall not cause traffic jams at the toll crossings.

When a serious traffic accident or other emergency occurs on the toll road, the toll road management unit shall provide priority access facilities for vehicles that perform on-site disposal tasks such as ambulance, rescue and emergency rescue.

Sixty-first toll road management units and their staff shall not have the following acts in toll collection activities:

(a) unauthorized establishment of toll stations (cards), charging items, raising the charging standards, extending the charging period, expanding the charging scope and transferring the rights and interests of toll roads;

(two) collect or collect other fees in addition to vehicle tolls;

(3) Failing to issue bills or legal, effective and full bills for charges;

(four) illegal operation of the toll collection system or unauthorized reduction of vehicle tolls;

(five) making things difficult for drivers and blackmailers;

(six) AWOL, affecting the normal traffic of vehicles;

(seven) misappropriation, interception and occupation of vehicle tolls;

(eight) other acts in violation of the charging standards.

Sixty-second vehicle drivers or fellow passengers shall not have the following acts that hinder the order of charge management:

(1) Refusing to pay, evading paying or underpaying vehicle tolls;

(2) forcibly punching the card;

(three) deliberately blocking the toll crossing;

(4) Insulting, threatening or beating toll collectors;

(five) damage to the charging facilities and equipment, interfere with the normal operation of the charging system;

(six) shielding, changing the media or using forged media;

(seven) the use of forged or altered toll concession documents;

(eight) posing as a vehicle to enjoy the toll reduction policy;

(nine) other acts that hinder the order of highway toll management.

Sixty-third toll road toll stations should set up a certain number of non-stop electronic toll lanes according to the needs of vehicle traffic.

Toll roads shall be subject to online toll collection, unified sorting and settlement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this province, and the sorting and settlement business shall be uniformly organized and implemented by the provincial toll road online settlement management institution.

Article 64 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall strengthen the dispatching, command, management and supervision of the toll road wrecker rescue work, clarify the dispatching and command institutions, and regularly announce to the public the wrecker rescue service institutions listed in the list.

Highway wrecker rescue service fee shall be determined by the competent price department of the provincial people’s government and announced to the public.

Sixty-fifth toll road management units shall timely collect, summarize and master the traffic flow, road conditions, construction operations, meteorology and other relevant information within the jurisdiction, and release it to the public in a timely manner in accordance with regulations.

In case of road damage, construction or traffic accidents that affect the normal and safe driving of vehicles, the toll road management unit shall set up safety protection facilities at the scene, and make speed limit and warning tips at the entrance and exit of the toll road, or make an announcement by using facilities such as variable information boards along the toll road; When causing traffic jams, it shall promptly report to the relevant departments and assist in diverting traffic.

In case of serious highway damage, bad weather conditions or major traffic accidents that seriously affect the safe passage of vehicles, the public security organ shall, according to the situation, take traffic control measures such as speed limit and road closure according to law. The toll road management unit shall actively cooperate with the public security organs to prompt the traffic control information to the passing vehicles in a timely manner.

Sixty-sixth provincial people’s government departments in charge of transportation should strengthen the supervision and management of the maintenance and operation of toll roads and the service quality of service areas.

Toll road service areas shall provide public welfare services such as free parking, rest, drinking water and going to the toilet, and business services such as refueling (gas), charging, catering, shopping and vehicle maintenance. Encourage qualified service areas to expand diversified service formats, equipped with medical first aid kits, and provide convenient and economical rest places for drivers. The service area shall plan, construct or delimit the parking area for dangerous chemicals transport vehicles.

The toll road service area shall not be closed without authorization. If it is really necessary to close down, it shall report to the transportation department of the provincial people’s government and make an announcement to the public in time.

Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

Article 67 The transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level, the traffic management department of the public security organ and other relevant departments shall establish and improve the working mechanism of highway management, such as collaborative management, joint law enforcement, information sharing, data exchange and information reporting, so as to continuously improve the quality and efficiency of highway management.

Article 68 The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions shall perform the following highway management duties according to law:

(a) publicity and implementation of highway laws and regulations;

(two) to protect the road property and safeguard the road rights;

(three) to supervise and manage the quality and safety of highway construction projects;

(four) the management of highway land and highway construction control area;

(five) to maintain the order of highway maintenance operations and toll collection site;

(six) the implementation of highway management under construction;

(seven) the implementation of highway inspections, supervision and management of highway conditions and service activities in service areas;

(eight) to investigate and deal with illegal acts of highways according to law;

(9) Other duties as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

Article 69 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen highway patrol inspection, investigate and deal with illegal acts of road traffic safety according to law, deal with traffic accidents in time, divert traffic and maintain good road traffic order.

The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of traffic safety on the construction site such as highway maintenance, and timely handle unexpected situations such as traffic congestion.

If a traffic accident causes damage to highways and ancillary facilities of highways, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall promptly notify the competent department of transportation and the toll road management unit to be present for investigation and handling.

Article 70 The people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) shall earnestly perform the main responsibilities of rural highway management within their respective administrative areas, organize the people’s governments of townships (towns) and relevant departments to do a good job in rural highway work, speed up the construction of rural highways, establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for raising funds for rural highway construction and maintenance, and fully implement the three-level road length responsibility system for rural highways.

Seventy-first toll road management units shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, carry out standardized management and civilized operation, ensure that roads are in good technical condition, maintain complete functions of service facilities, complete facilities, cleanliness and hygiene, and good order, and provide quality services for passing vehicles and personnel.

Article 72 When carrying out highway inspection and supervision according to law, the transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions have the right to know the information related to the inspection and supervision matters from units and individuals, consult and copy the information related to the inspection and supervision matters, and have the right to inspect and stop all kinds of illegal acts such as occupying and damaging highways, land used for highways and ancillary facilities for highways.

Article 73 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall improve the standard of credit construction system, strengthen the platform support and information application services of the credit system, guide the industry to carry out joint credit rewards and punishments according to law, and comprehensively improve the industry’s integrity awareness and credit level.

Seventy-fourth transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this province, do a good job in the operation and management of road network monitoring, dispatching, emergency response and travel services.

The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall strengthen the operation and management of the province’s road network, establish a road network information sharing system with neighboring provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, and use information and intelligent technical means to improve the overall operation efficiency and service level of the road network.

Article 75 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the unified organization and leadership of highway emergencies within their respective administrative areas, incorporate highway emergencies into the emergency management system, establish and improve the emergency material reserve guarantee system for highway emergencies, and ensure that the needs of emergency handling can be met when highway emergencies occur. After the occurrence of highway emergencies, emergency response should be organized immediately.

The transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall prepare the emergency plan for highway emergencies in accordance with the relevant provisions. Highway management agencies and toll road management units shall, according to the emergency plan for highway emergencies, formulate special emergency plans or on-site emergency response plans for highway emergencies, set up emergency teams, reserve emergency materials, and improve emergency response capabilities.

Highway management agencies and toll road management units shall regularly inspect and monitor highways and highway ancillary facilities, investigate, register and assess the hidden dangers that may cause highway emergencies, and promptly eliminate potential safety hazards or take safety precautions.

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

Seventy-sixth people’s governments at or above the county level departments in charge of transportation, highway management agencies and other staff who perform highway protection and management duties have one of the following acts, and shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(a) failing to perform the duties of highway engineering quality and safety supervision according to law;

(two) did not take timely measures to deal with road collapse, potholes, uplift and other damage;

(three) failing to deal with highway emergencies in a timely manner according to law;

(four) interception, misappropriation or misappropriation of special funds for highways;

(five) to release the overloaded transport vehicles that have not eliminated the illegal state;

(6) Failing to investigate and punish according to law after discovering illegal acts or receiving complaints and reports on illegal acts;

(seven) other dereliction of duty, breach of privilege, favoritism.

Article 77 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 52 of these regulations, the freight source unit releases illegal, overloaded and overloaded freight vehicles out of its business premises, the competent department of transportation shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 3,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

Article 78 Where an expressway operation and management unit, in violation of the provisions of Article 53 of these regulations, releases illegal, over-limit and overloaded vehicles into the expressway at the entrance, the transportation authorities shall confiscate all the tolls for the released vehicles and may impose a fine of 2,000 yuan per vehicle.

Seventy-ninth acts in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, laws and administrative regulations have been punished, in accordance with its provisions.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 80 The people’s governments at or above the county level may, in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations, formulate relevant administrative measures.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Syria’ s chemical weapons doubts have resurfaced. Russian Defense Ministry spokesman Konashenkov said on the 11th that the Syrian Free Army, an anti-government armed group in Syria, and US special forces are preparing to "direct" chemical weapons attacks in eastern Syria, creating an excuse for western countries to use force against the Syrian government again.

American special forces (data map)

　　　　　　 Konashenkov said in the press release that the information obtained by the Russian military through three different channels showed that the "Free Syrian Army", with the assistance of the US special forces, had delivered a number of chlorine bottles to the town of Jefra in dayr az zawr in eastern Syria. Their plan was to prepare to release toxic chemicals to create trouble, and then shoot a short video, falsely claiming that "the Syrian government launched a chemical attack on civilians", and after being widely reported by the western media, it would launch a new round of air strikes against the Syrian government’s targets for the US-led anti-terrorist Coalition. Konashenkov warned that the Russian military would not allow such incidents to disrupt the Syrian situation. The "framed" routine mentioned by the Russian side has been tried and tested by the West.

　　　　　　 Since the turmoil in Syria, the United States has twice launched attacks on Syrian government targets on the grounds of the so-called "use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government". However, this so-called reason has been questioned by many parties. The truth is unknown, and the bomb will go first, which will only complicate the situation.

Image source network

　　　　　　 In the early morning of April 7, 2017, two US warships in the eastern Mediterranean launched 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles at the Shah Jirat military airport in Homs province in central Syria. According to President Trump, the reason for this attack is the "irrefutable" fact that the Syrian government used chemical weapons.

Tomahawk cruise missile (data map)

　　　　　　 The chemical weapons incident alleged by the US government occurred in Idlib province, Syria on the 4th of that month. The United States and other western countries and the Syrian opposition accused the Syrian Air Force of carrying out chemical weapons attacks, but the Syrian government and Russia denied this accusation, saying that the Syrian government forces hit the arsenal of extremist organizations with chemical weapons, which led to the leakage of toxic substances. The truth of this chemical weapons incident is still inconclusive.

　　　　　　 In the early morning of April 14th this year, Syria was attacked by more than 100 missiles from the United States, Britain and France, and the United States declared the operation "perfectly executed". This is the second time that the United States has opened fire on Syria. The reason is exactly the same as last time, in order to "revenge" the so-called "chemical weapons attack" carried out by the Syrian government on the opposition-controlled area.

　　　　　　 This chemical weapons incident refers to a suspected chemical weapons attack in the town of Duma, near Damascus, the capital of Syria, on April 7. The source of this news is the local anti-government armed forces and the "White Helmets" organization with suspicious background. The Syrian government firmly denied the accusation of using chemical weapons, saying that the news was "false news fabricated by the media supported by anti-government forces". On April 21 and 25, the OPCW investigation team entered the Duma twice to investigate the incident. At present, the investigation conclusion has not been announced.

China’s Military Strategy　
(May 2015)
People’s Republic of China (PRC) the State Council press office

catalogue

foreword

I. National security situation

Second, the military mission and strategic tasks

Third, the strategic policy of active defense

Fourth, the construction and development of military forces

V. Preparation for Military Struggle

VI. Military security cooperation

　

foreword

Today, the world is facing unprecedented changes, and contemporary China is at a critical stage of reform and development. In the struggle to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the people of China hope to work with other countries to safeguard peace, seek common development and share prosperity.

China is closely linked to the fate of the world. World prosperity and stability are opportunities for China, and the peaceful development of China is also an opportunity for the world. China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and a defensive national defense policy, oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics, and never seek hegemony or expansion. China’s army has always been a staunch force for maintaining world peace.

Building and consolidating national defense and a strong army is the strategic task of China’s modernization and the security guarantee for the country’s peaceful development. Military strategy is the general strategy for planning and guiding the construction and application of military forces, which is subordinate to and serves the national strategic objectives. Standing at a new historical starting point, China’s armed forces adapt to the new changes in the national security environment, closely focus on realizing the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the armed forces under the new situation, implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation, accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and provide a strong guarantee for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

I. National security situation

In today’s era, world multipolarization, economic globalization and social informatization are developing in depth, and the international community is increasingly becoming a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Peace, development, cooperation and win-win have become an irresistible trend of the times.

The international situation has undergone profound evolution, and the international power balance, global governance system structure, Asia-Pacific geostrategic pattern and international economic, scientific, technological and military competition pattern are undergoing historic changes. The forces for maintaining peace are rising, and the factors restricting war are increasing. In the foreseeable future, there will be no world war, and the overall peace situation is expected to be maintained. However, hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism will have new development, the struggle of various international forces around the redistribution of power and rights and interests will become fierce, terrorist activities will become increasingly active, ethnic and religious contradictions, border and territorial disputes and other hot spots will be complex and changeable, skirmishes, conflicts and frequent crises will remain the norm in some regions, and the world will still face realistic and potential local war threats.

China’s development will still be in an important period of strategic opportunities, and the external environment is generally favorable. The country’s comprehensive national strength, core competitiveness and ability to resist risks have been significantly enhanced, its international status and influence have been significantly improved, people’s lives have been significantly improved, and the overall social situation has remained stable. As a large developing country, China still faces multiple and complex security threats, with increasing external resistance and challenges. The issues of survival security and development security, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and the task of safeguarding national unity, territorial integrity and development interests is arduous and arduous.

With the acceleration of the shift of the world economy and strategic focus to the Asia-Pacific region, the United States continues to promote the Asia-Pacific "rebalancing" strategy and strengthen its regional military presence and military alliance system. Japan actively seeks to get rid of the post-war system and substantially adjust its military security policy. The development trend of the country has attracted great attention from regional countries. Individual maritime neighbors have taken provocative actions on issues involving China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and strengthened their military presence on the illegally "occupied" Chinese island reefs. Some foreign countries are also trying their best to intervene in the South China Sea affairs. Some countries keep high-frequency air and sea close to China for reconnaissance, and the struggle for rights protection in the maritime direction will exist for a long time. Some land territorial disputes still exist. There are many unstable and uncertain factors in the situation on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia. The rampant terrorism, separatism and extremism in the region have also adversely affected the security and stability around China.

The Taiwan Province issue is related to national unity and long-term development, and national unity is the historical necessity of the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation. In recent years, cross-strait relations have maintained a good momentum of peaceful development, but the root causes affecting the stability of the situation in the Taiwan Strait have not been eliminated. The "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their separatist activities remain the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. The task of maintaining national political security and social stability is arduous and arduous, and the separatist forces of "East Turkistan" and "Tibet independence" are doing serious harm. In particular, the threat of violent terrorist activities in "East Turkistan" has escalated, and anti-China forces are plotting to create a "color revolution", which poses more challenges to national security and social stability. With the continuous expansion of national interests, international and regional turmoil, terrorism, piracy, major natural disasters and disease epidemics may all pose threats to national security, and overseas interests security issues such as energy resources, strategic passage security and overseas institutions, personnel and assets security are prominent.

The world’s new military revolution is developing in depth, and the weapons and equipment are becoming more precise, intelligent, stealthy and unmanned. Space and cyberspace have become the new commanding heights of strategic competition among all parties, and the form of war has accelerated to an information-based war. Major countries in the world actively adjust their national security strategies and defense policies, step up military transformation, and reshape their military power systems. Revolutionary changes in military technology and war forms have had a great impact on the international political and military situation and brought new and severe challenges to China’s military security.

Second, the military mission and strategic tasks

China’s national strategic goal is to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country in the centenary of the founding of New China, which is the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese dream is a dream of a strong country, and it is a dream of a strong army for the military. A strong army can defend the country, and a strong country must strengthen the army. In the new historical period, China’s army takes the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation as the general program, unswervingly adheres to the party’s absolute leadership over the army, always regards combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, vigorously carries forward the glorious tradition and fine work style, and builds a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good work style.

In the new era, the connotation and extension of China’s national security are richer than at any time in history, the space-time field is broader than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complicated than at any time in history. We must adhere to the overall national security concept and make overall plans for internal security and external security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, survival security and development security, and self-security and common security.

Realizing the national strategic goal and implementing the overall national security concept have put forward new demands for innovative development of military strategy and effective performance of military missions and tasks. It is necessary to adapt to the new requirements of safeguarding national security and development interests, pay more attention to using military forces and means to create a favorable strategic situation, and provide a strong security guarantee for peaceful development; Adapt to the new requirements of the development of the national security situation, constantly innovate strategic guidance and operational thinking, and ensure that we can fight and win the battle; Adapt to the new requirements of the new military revolution in the world, pay close attention to the challenges in the new security field, and strive to grasp the strategic initiative in military competition; Adapt to the new requirements of the development of national strategic interests, actively participate in regional and international security cooperation, and effectively safeguard the security of overseas interests; Adapt to the new requirements of the country’s comprehensive deepening reform, adhere to the road of military-civilian integration, actively support the country’s economic and social construction, resolutely safeguard the overall social stability, and make the army always become the backbone of the party’s consolidation of its ruling position and a reliable force for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

China’s army has effectively fulfilled its military mission in the new historical period, resolutely safeguarded the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, resolutely safeguarded national sovereignty, security and development interests, resolutely safeguarded the period of important strategic opportunities for national development, resolutely safeguarded regional and world peace, and provided a strong guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

China’s army mainly undertakes the following strategic tasks: responding to various emergencies and military threats and effectively safeguarding the sovereignty and security of the country’s territory, airspace and territorial waters; Resolutely defend the reunification of the motherland; Safeguard the security and interests of new fields; Safeguard the safety of overseas interests; Maintain strategic deterrence and organize nuclear counterattacks; Participate in regional and international security cooperation and safeguard regional and world peace; Strengthen the struggle against reverse osmosis, separatism and terrorism, and safeguard national political security and social stability; Responsible for emergency rescue and disaster relief, safeguarding rights and interests, security alert and supporting national economic and social construction.

Third, the strategic policy of active defense　

The strategic thought of active defense is the basic point of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s military strategic thought. In the long-term revolutionary war practice, the people’s army has formed a set of active defensive strategic ideas, adhered to the unity of strategic defense and offensive in battle, adhered to the principle of defense, self-defense and taking the initiative after the enemy, and adhered to the principle that "people will not attack me, and I will not commit crimes; If people commit crimes against me, I will commit crimes. "

After the founding of New China, the Central Military Commission established the military strategic policy of active defense, and made many adjustments to the content of the military strategic policy of active defense according to the development and changes of the national security situation. In 1993, the military strategic policy for the new period was formulated, with winning local wars under modern technology, especially high technology, as the basic point for military struggle. In 2004, the military strategic policy in the new period was enriched and improved, and the basic point of preparation for military struggle was further adjusted to win local wars under the conditions of informationization.

The socialist nature of China, the fundamental interests of the country and the objective requirement of taking the road of peaceful development determine that China must unswervingly adhere to the strategic thought of active defense, and at the same time constantly enrich and develop the connotation of this thought. According to the national security and development strategy, adapt to the requirements of the situation and tasks in the new historical period, adhere to the military strategic policy of active defense, keep pace with the times, strengthen military strategic guidance, further broaden strategic vision, update strategic thinking, move forward the focus of guidance, make overall plans for preparing for and stopping wars, safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, deterring and actual combat, war actions and the use of military forces in peacetime, pay attention to far-reaching strategies, shape favorable situations, comprehensively control crises, and resolutely curb and win wars.

Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and adjust the basic point of preparation for military struggle. According to the evolution of war forms and the national security situation, the basic point of military struggle preparation should be to win information-based local wars, highlight maritime military struggles and preparations for military struggles, effectively control major crises, properly deal with chain reactions, and resolutely defend national territorial sovereignty, unity and security. Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and innovate the basic operational thinking. According to the security threats in all directions and the actual situation of military capacity building, we should adhere to the principle of flexibility and self-determination, and use the integrated combat forces of various services and arms to implement the system of information-led, strategic and joint victory.

Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and optimize the military strategic layout. According to China’s geo-strategic environment, security threats and military strategic tasks, we should build a strategic deployment and military situation with overall planning, regional responsibility, mutual coordination and integration; Respond to new security threats such as space and cyberspace and safeguard common security; Strengthen international security cooperation in overseas stakeholder areas and safeguard the safety of overseas interests.

Carry out the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and adhere to the following principles: obey and serve the national strategic objectives, implement the overall national security concept, strengthen preparations for military struggle, prevent crises, contain wars and win wars; Create a strategic situation conducive to the peaceful development of the country, adhere to a defensive national defense policy, adhere to close cooperation in political, military, economic, diplomatic and other fields, and actively respond to the comprehensive security threats that the country may face; Maintain the balance of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, coordinate the two overall situations of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, safeguard the country’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and safeguard the surrounding security and stability; Strive for the strategic initiative of military struggle, actively plan military struggles in all directions and fields, and seize the opportunity to accelerate the construction, reform and development of the army; Use flexible strategies and tactics, give full play to the overall effectiveness of joint operations, concentrate superior forces, and comprehensively use tactical means; Based on dealing with the most complicated and difficult situations, adhere to the bottom line thinking, do a good job in all preparations, and ensure proper response and handling; Give full play to the unique political advantages of the people’s army, adhere to the party’s absolute leadership over the army, attach importance to the cultivation of fighting spirit, strictly organize and discipline the army, purify and consolidate the army, close the relationship between the military, the government and the people, and boost the morale of the army; Give full play to the overall power of the people’s war, adhere to the people’s war as an important magic weapon to defeat the enemy, expand the content and methods of the people’s war, and promote the transformation of war mobilization from human mobilization to scientific and technological mobilization; Actively expand the space for military security cooperation, deepen military relations with big countries, neighboring countries and developing countries, and promote the establishment of regional security and cooperation frameworks.

Fourth, the construction and development of military forces

To carry out the military strategic policy under the new situation, we must closely focus on realizing the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation, take the country’s core security needs as the guide, focus on building an information-based army and winning an information-based war, comprehensively deepen the reform of national defense and the army, strive to build a modern military force system with China characteristics, and constantly improve the army’s ability to respond to various security threats and complete diversified military tasks.

Development of services and armed police forces

In accordance with the strategic requirements of mobile operations and three-dimensional attack and defense, the Army has realized the transformation from regional defense to global mobility, accelerated the development of miniaturization, versatility and modularization, adapted to the needs of different tasks in different regions, organized the construction of combat forces in different categories, built a combat force system that meets the requirements of joint operations, and improved the capabilities of precise operations, three-dimensional operations, global operations, multi-functional operations and sustained operations.

In accordance with the strategic requirements of offshore defense and offshore protection, the navy has gradually changed from offshore defense to offshore defense and offshore protection, built a comprehensive, multi-functional and efficient maritime combat force system, and improved its strategic deterrence and counterattack, maritime mobile operations, maritime joint operations, comprehensive defense operations and comprehensive support capabilities.

According to the strategic requirements of air and space integration and both offensive and defensive, the Air Force has realized the transformation from national air defense to both offensive and defensive, built an air and space defense force system that meets the needs of information operations, and improved its strategic early warning, air strikes, air defense and anti-missile, information confrontation, airborne operations, strategic delivery and comprehensive support capabilities.

The Second Artillery Corps, in accordance with the strategic requirements of being lean and effective, with both nuclear and conventional capabilities, accelerated the information transformation, promoted independent innovation of weapons and equipment by relying on scientific and technological progress, enhanced the safety, reliability and effectiveness of missile weapons, improved the power system with both nuclear and conventional capabilities, and improved the strategic deterrence, nuclear counterattack and medium-and long-range precision strike capability.

According to the strategic requirements of multi-functional integration and effective stability, the Armed Police Force develops the forces of duty security, emergency stability, anti-terrorism assault, emergency rescue, emergency support and air support, improves the power system with duty emergency and anti-terrorism stability as the main body, and improves the ability to complete diversified tasks with the duty emergency capacity as the core under the information conditions. Power development in major security fields.

The ocean is related to the long-term stability and sustainable development of the country. We must break through the traditional thinking of attaching importance to land and neglecting the sea, and attach great importance to managing the sea and safeguarding sea power. We will build a modern maritime military force system that is compatible with national security and development interests, safeguard national sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, safeguard the safety of strategic channels and overseas interests, participate in international cooperation in the ocean, and provide strategic support for building a maritime power.

Space is the commanding height of international strategic competition. The weaponization of space is beginning to show signs about the development of space forces and means by countries concerned. China has always advocated the peaceful use of space, opposed the weaponization and arms race in space, and actively participated in international space cooperation. Closely follow and master the space situation, respond to the threats and challenges of space security, safeguard the safety of space assets, serve the national economic construction and social development, and safeguard space security.

Cyberspace is a new pillar of economic and social development and a new field of national security. The international strategic competition in cyberspace is becoming increasingly fierce, and many countries are developing cyberspace military forces. China is one of the biggest victims of hacker attacks. The security of network infrastructure is facing severe threats, and the influence of cyberspace on military security is gradually rising. Accelerate the construction of cyberspace power, improve the ability of cyberspace situational awareness, cyber defense, support national cyberspace struggles and participate in international cooperation, curb major cyberspace crises, ensure national network and information security, and safeguard national security and social stability.

Nuclear power is the strategic cornerstone for safeguarding national sovereignty and security. China has always pursued the policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons, adhered to the nuclear strategy of self-defense, unconditionally refrained from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States and nuclear-weapon-free zones, and never engaged in a nuclear arms race with any country. Its nuclear power has always been maintained at the lowest level required for safeguarding national security. We will improve the nuclear power system, improve the capabilities of strategic early warning, command and control, missile penetration, rapid response and survival protection, and deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China.

Military strength building measures

Strengthen ideological and political construction. Always give priority to ideological and political construction in all aspects of military construction, strengthen and improve military political work under the new situation, carry forward and practice socialist core values, continuously cultivate contemporary revolutionary soldiers’ core values, carry forward glorious traditions and fine work style, adhere to a series of fundamental principles and systems of the party’s absolute leadership over the military, enhance the creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of party organizations at all levels, vigorously cultivate a new generation of revolutionary soldiers with soul, ability, blood and morality, and ensure that the troops resolutely obey the Party Central Committee and morality at all times and under all circumstances.

Promote the construction of modern logistics. Deepen the reform of logistics policy system and logistics support force, optimize the strategic logistics layout, innovate the support mode, develop new support means, enrich the reserve of combat readiness materials, integrate the construction of logistics information system, improve the system of laws and regulations, carefully organize supply support, and build logistics to win the modern war, serve the modernization of the army and transform into information.

Develop advanced weapons and equipment. Adhere to information-oriented, system construction, independent innovation and sustainable development, make overall plans and give prominence to key points, speed up the upgrading of weapons and equipment, and build a weapons and equipment system that meets the requirements of information warfare and mission performance.

Do a good job in training new military talents. Vigorously implement the talent strategy project, improve the military human resources system, deepen the reform of military academies, improve the new military talent training system of military academy education, military training practice and military vocational education, attract more outstanding talents, and cultivate and cultivate talent groups that meet the needs of information war.

We will further promote the rule of law and strictly manage the army. Focus on comprehensively strengthening the revolutionization, modernization and regularization of the army, innovate and develop the theory and practice of governing the army according to law, build a perfect military rule of law system with China characteristics, and improve the level of rule of law in national defense and army building.
　　Promote innovation in military theory. Adhere to the guidance of the Party’s innovative theory, strengthen the research on operational issues, deeply explore the winning mechanism of modern wars, innovate flexible strategies and tactics, develop the theory of army building under the new situation, and form an advanced military theoretical system suitable for winning future wars.

Strengthen strategic management. Optimize the functional allocation and institutional setup of the leading organs at the headquarters of the Military Commission, improve the leadership management system of various services and arms, and adhere to demand-driven planning and planning leading resource allocation. Strengthen the overall planning and coordination, improve the planning system, and build a planning management mechanism. Strengthen the overall supervision of strategic resources and strengthen the process supervision and risk control of major projects. Improve the strategic evaluation mechanism, establish and improve the evaluation system and supporting standards and norms.

Integration of defense and civilian technologies’s deep development.

We will carry out the policy of combining the military with the people, further promote the development of military-civilian integration, constantly improve the integration mechanism, enrich the integration forms, expand the integration scope and upgrade the integration level, and strive to form a comprehensive, multi-field and high-efficiency deep development pattern of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

Accelerate the integration of military and civilian development in key construction areas. We will increase policy support, comprehensively promote the common use of military and civilian standards in basic fields, key technical fields and major industries, and explore ways and means to cultivate military talents by relying on the national education system, develop weapons and equipment by relying on the national defense industry system, and promote socialized logistics support by relying on the social security system. We will extensively carry out joint military-civilian infrastructure construction, promote the rational development and cooperative use of military-civilian marine, space, airspace, surveying and mapping, navigation, meteorology, spectrum and other resources, and promote the mutual complementarity and mutual use of military-civilian resources.

Improve the operation mode of overall military and civilian construction. At the national level, we will establish a unified leadership, military-civilian coordination, demand docking and resource sharing mechanism for integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development, improve the management responsibilities of relevant military-civilian departments, improve the general military-civilian standard system, explore the construction of a policy system of government investment, tax incentives and financial support, accelerate the legislative process of military-civilian coordinated construction, and gradually form an overall pattern of military-civilian coordinated development. We will promote the comprehensive use of military forces and forces in various fields, and establish and improve an operational mechanism for joint military and civilian response to major crises and emergencies.

Improve the system and mechanism of national defense mobilization. Strengthen national defense education and enhance the national defense concept of the whole people. Strengthen the construction of reserve forces, optimize the structure of reserve forces, increase the proportion of reserve forces of arms and services and forces undertaking support and support tasks, and innovate the grouping and application mode of reserve forces. Strengthen the scientific and technological content of national defense mobilization, do a good job in the preparation of information resource requisition support mobilization, strengthen the construction of professional support team, and build a national defense mobilization system that is suitable for winning the information war and integrated with emergency response.

V. Preparation for Military Struggle　

Preparation for military struggle is the basic practical activity of the army and an important guarantee for maintaining peace, containing crises and winning wars. To expand and deepen the preparations for military struggle, we must adhere to the requirements of being able to fight and win the battle, adhere to the orientation of solving key and difficult problems, be practical and ready, and comprehensively improve the deterrence and actual combat capability of the army.

Enhance system capabilities based on information system. Accelerate the transformation of combat power generation mode, integrate various combat forces, combat units and combat elements into an overall combat capability by using information systems, and gradually build an integrated joint combat system with seamless links of combat elements and independent cooperation of combat platforms. Efforts will be made to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems that restrict system capabilities, promote the in-depth development and efficient utilization of information resources, strengthen the construction of reconnaissance and early warning systems and command and control systems, develop medium-and long-range precision strike forces, and improve the comprehensive security system. In accordance with the requirements of authority, competence, flexibility and efficiency, establish and improve the joint operational command organization of the military commission and the joint operational command system of the theater.

Make overall plans to advance preparations for military struggle in all directions and fields. China’s geo-strategic environment is complex, and there are different threats and challenges in all strategic directions and security fields. We must make overall plans, highlight key points, promote comprehensive and coordinated development of military struggle preparations, and maintain overall strategic balance and stability. Coordinate preparations for military struggle in the traditional and new security fields, and do a good job in safeguarding national sovereignty and security, safeguarding national maritime rights and interests, and responding to armed conflicts and emergencies. Adapt to the upgrading of weapons and equipment and the development and change of combat style, further optimize the battlefield layout and strengthen strategic preset.

Maintain a constant state of readiness. Improve the daily combat readiness level in an all-round way, maintain a high alert posture, and carefully organize border air defense combat readiness patrols and duties. The army forces have built a system of combat readiness forces that are linked in various strategic directions, combined with multiple arms, and supported by operational support, and maintained a good state of prompt, dynamic and effective response. The naval forces organize and implement normalized combat readiness patrols to maintain a military presence in relevant sea areas. The air force adheres to the principle of integration of peacetime and wartime, global response and arrival in Xinjiang, and maintains a sensitive and efficient combat readiness. The Second Artillery Corps maintains a moderate alert state at ordinary times, and builds an operational duty system with integrated elements, complete functions, sensitivity and high efficiency in accordance with the principles of combining peacetime and wartime, being always ready to fight at any time.

Improve the actual combat level of military training. Adhere to the strategic position of actual combat military training, train troops from difficulties to strictness based on actual combat needs, strictly follow the program, strengthen the innovation of tactics and training methods, improve military training standards and laws and regulations, speed up the construction of large-scale comprehensive training bases, and build an actual combat training environment. We will carry out in-depth simulation training based on actual combat needs, simulation training based on information technology, and actual combat training that meets actual combat standards, strengthen command training of the head office and joint training of various services and arms, and increase training in complex electromagnetic environment, complex unfamiliar areas and complex meteorological conditions. Establish and improve the training supervision and inspection system, and strive to integrate training with actual combat.

Organize preparations for non-war military operations. It is an inevitable requirement for the army to perform its duties and missions in the new period and an important way to enhance its combat capability to carry out non-war military operations such as emergency rescue, anti-terrorism, maintaining stability, safeguarding rights and interests, security alert, international peacekeeping and international rescue. Incorporate the construction of non-war military operational capability into the overall planning and implementation of military modernization and military struggle preparation, and do a good job in emergency command mechanism, emergency force construction, professional personnel training, applicable equipment support, and improve relevant policies and regulations. Promote the coordinated operation of the military emergency command mechanism and the national emergency management mechanism, and adhere to unified organization and command, scientific use of troops, rapid and efficient action and strict adherence to policies and regulations.

VI. Military security cooperation

China’s armed forces adhere to the security concept of common security, comprehensive security, cooperative security and sustainable security, develop military relations that are non-aligned, non-confrontational and not directed against third parties, promote the establishment of a fair and effective collective security mechanism and military mutual trust mechanism, actively expand the space for military security cooperation, and create a security environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country.

Develop all-round foreign military relations. Deepen the exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese and Russian armed forces under the framework of the comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between the two countries, gradually build a comprehensive, diversified and sustainable mechanism framework, and promote the development of relations between the two armed forces in a wider field and at a deeper level. We will build a new military relationship that is compatible with the relationship between China and the United States, strengthen dialogue, exchanges and cooperation in the field of defense, improve the mechanism of mutual notification of trust measures for major military operations and the code of conduct for the safety of sea and air encounters, and enhance mutual trust, prevent risks and control crises. Consolidate and develop military relations with neighboring countries in accordance with the neighboring diplomatic concept of sincerity and tolerance. Improve the level of military relations with European countries and develop traditional friendly military relations with African, Latin American and South Pacific countries. Deepen the defense and security cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, participate in multilateral dialogue and cooperation mechanisms such as the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Expansion Meeting, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the shangri-la dialogue Conference, the Jakarta International Defense Dialogue, and the Western Pacific Naval Forum, and hold multilateral activities such as the Xiangshan Forum to promote the establishment of a new security and cooperation framework conducive to peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.

Promote pragmatic military cooperation. On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, we will carry out pragmatic cooperation with the armed forces of all countries in the world. Adapt to changes in the situation, constantly explore new areas, new contents and new modes of cooperation, and jointly respond to various security threats and challenges. Conduct extensive dialogues and exchanges with foreign troops in the fields of defense policy, service and arms construction, college education, logistics construction, etc., enhance mutual understanding and mutual trust, and learn from each other. We will strengthen cooperation with the armed forces of relevant countries in personnel training, military material assistance, equipment technology and other fields, support each other, and improve their respective defense capabilities. We will carry out multi-level, multi-field and multi-service joint training, promote the expansion of training subjects from non-traditional security fields to traditional security fields, and improve the ability of joint action. Actively participate in international maritime security dialogue and cooperation, and persist in cooperation to deal with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats.

Fulfill international responsibilities and obligations. Participate in UN peacekeeping operations, fulfill the mandate of the Security Council, commit to peaceful settlement of conflicts, promote development and reconstruction, and safeguard regional peace and security. Actively participate in international disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, send professional rescue forces to disaster-stricken countries to rescue and reduce disasters, provide relief materials and medical assistance, strengthen international exchanges in rescue and reduction, and improve the ability and professionalism of carrying out tasks. Faithfully fulfill international obligations, continue to carry out escort operations in the Gulf of Aden and other sea areas as needed, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with multinational escort forces, and jointly safeguard the safety of international sea lanes. Participate extensively in regional and international security affairs, and promote the establishment of mechanisms such as emergency notification, military danger prevention, and crisis conflict control. With the continuous strengthening of national strength, China’s army will increase its participation in international peacekeeping and international humanitarian relief, undertake more international responsibilities and obligations within its capacity, provide more public safety products, and make greater contributions to maintaining world peace and promoting common development.

　　Cctv newsBefore Beixi 2 pipeline was put into use, most Russian natural gas could not be transported to Europe without Ukraine. The natural gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine has a long history. Since the "orange revolution" in Ukraine in 2004, the relationship between Russia and Ukraine has deteriorated, and the "fighting" between Russia and Ukraine has become a fixed repertoire that will be staged almost every year. However, this year, with the arrival of the new Ukrainian president, Russia and Ukraine have released goodwill to each other, creating an opportunity to resolve the natural gas dispute between the two countries.

　　Since December 2005, there have been contradictions between Russia and Ukraine on the issue of natural gas, and the two sides have been arguing over the price of natural gas supply, transit fees and debt repayment. Since then, there have been many incidents in which Russia stopped supplying natural gas to Ukraine.

　　However, since Ukrainian President Zelensky took office this year, Russia and Ukraine have interacted many times and bilateral relations have eased. On September 7th this year, Russia and Ukraine released 70 detainees to each other. On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation with Ukrainian President Zelensky. Both sides gave positive comments on the exchange of detainees, believing that it is very important to improve bilateral relations.

　　In order to ease the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, in June 2014, then French President Hollande took the opportunity to hold the commemoration ceremony of the 70th anniversary of the Normandy landing and invited Russian, German and Ukrainian leaders to hold consultations in Normandy to create the "Normandy model". On December 9th this year, the sixth "Normandy Model" four-nation summit aimed at resolving the conflict in eastern Ukraine was held in France, during which Ukrainian President Zelensky held the first bilateral talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Putin said after the summit that the Ukrainian issue is "warming up" at present. And the Russian-Ukrainian quarrelling drama, which will be staged every winter for more than a decade, seems to have finally come to an end.