Lead: Business has always been an important part of human society. There were many outstanding business figures in ancient China, but they were rarely known by the world. In order to summarize these business wisdom from ancient ancestors and enlighten the present, Lishi Business Think Tank has planned a series of "Business People in China’s Ancient Business History" for readers. This issue shares the financial magnate Wuyan who made a profit through the investment war in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Liping | Author Lishi Business Think Tank | Produced by

War is a matter that consumes human life and money. The former is the so-called "one will make a great effort and ten thousand bones will wither away", "poor bones along the river are still in a dream", and the latter is what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War: "Take a hundred thousand armour and feed food thousands of miles away". If more than one hundred thousand soldiers are used, they will be transported thousands of miles away, and there are also "internal and external expenses, guests’ use and glue.

In a word, fighting is a costly thing.

This is already a common sense.

However, we may not realize that the economic cost of war is not only paid by the state, but also by individuals. The personal contribution mentioned here is not to pay taxes for the country to use in the war, but as an individual, he should buy his own military supplies and use his own money to go to the battlefield.

This is actually in ancient China and foreign countries.

There is another point that many people may not realize. In ancient times, there were financial lending institutions that profited from the war and made huge profits.

What’s going on? Let’s take a look at the financial industry of the ancient investment war by resuming the chaos of the seven countries in the Western Han Dynasty.

one

The governors of the Western Han Dynasty dared to rebel because of money.

As we all know, since Qin Shihuang, China has implemented the county system, depriving the sons and grandsons of the right to hereditary territory and titles, and the political pattern of feudal society in China, as well as the central and local patterns, has been determined.

However, history is moving forward in a roundabout rhythm, moving forward, retreating a little, and moving forward again.

The Qin Dynasty was short-lived. Many people think that it was because Qin Shihuang implemented a thorough county system and did not set up descendants as vassals as barriers. So after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to continuing the county system established by the Qin Dynasty, it was still mixed with the vassal system, and Liu Bang enfeoffed his sons and nephews to become princes everywhere, forming a pattern in which the county system and the enfeoffment system crossed.

Liu Bang was uneasy about this situation in his heart. For example, when he made his nephew Liu Bi the king of Wu, he saw that Liu Bi was strong and couldn’t help feeling a twinge in his heart, so he stroked Liu Bi’s head and said, "Your boy must be loyal to my big fellow, and there must be no infidelity." Liu Bi was also frightened and trembling by this uncle who killed the snake uprising and put down the overlord, and said, "I will obey you."

With Liu Bang gone, it is not necessary to obey.

With the passage of time, the honeymoon period of the county system and the enfeoffment system passed quickly, and two different blood types could not coexist in the body of a dynasty and began to repel each other.

By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi, a famous scholar, urged the emperor to end the system of enfeoffment.

When Emperor Han Jingdi arrived, Chao Cuo, the minister, explicitly proposed to cut the vassal.

Thus, in 154 BC, the contradiction between the imperial court and the princes was irreconcilable. Headed by Liu Bi, the king of Wu, the king of Chu, the king of Zhao, the king of Jinan, the king of Zichuan, the king of Jiaoxi and the king of Jiaodong, they launched a rebellion in the name of "Qingjun side".

On the surface, the rebellion of the seven countries was to kill Chao Cuo, and Emperor Han Jing really believed it and killed Chao Cuo. However, the rebellion did not stop. It turned out that all the governors wanted not Chao Cuo’s life, but the life of the Han Dynasty.

I don’t need to repeat too much about the process and ending of the war. It only took more than three months, and the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was quelled by Zhou Yafu. Since then, the governors of the Han Dynasty no longer have the ability to confront the central dynasty by force.

The angle we cut in is the economic angle.

When the rebellion just started, how did the wealth and power of the two sides compare?

Everyone must be familiar with Emperor Han Jingdi’s side. It was the prosperous time of the rule of Wenjing. It is said that the grain in the treasury rotted into red, and the money strings were scattered, but they were not used.

And the vassal state side, do you think it is very weak?

Not only not weak, but even stronger than the central dynasty.

The State of Wu under the rule of the King of Wu, Liu Ying, was a giant consortium, which not only had a lot of money, but also implemented a wartime economic system.

The biggest advantage is that the prince of Wu has mines at home.

Yuzhang County, within the jurisdiction of Liu Bi, has a huge copper mountain, which can be used to cast coins; On the east side of the jurisdiction, there is a boundless sea where salt can be boiled.

There is money and salt, and there is no need to pay taxes.

Under this innate advantage, Wu was fully capable of waging war with the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty, and the advantage lay in Wu.

Liu Bi also attaches great importance to the welfare in China. The people live a good life and enjoy extra care. Once the local people are recruited by the central government for military service, the local government of Wu will also pay the employment fee for these people. One person is serving in the military service for the government, so the whole family life need not worry.

The imperial court recruited soldiers, and the local government gave them living expenses. It was clear that it was to buy the hearts of local people.

There are rich mountains, salt seas, manpower, people’s hearts, and princes fighting against the imperial court. The odds are really great. I really don’t know how to write the history of the national movement of the Western Han Dynasty if it weren’t for the military genius Zhou Yafu left by God.

On Wu’s side, the king of Wu paid the bill for participating in the rebel war.

On the central side of the Western Han Dynasty, those who fought had to buy equipment from their own pockets.

What’s more, major financial institutions in Chang ‘an City are reluctant to lend because they are bearish on the war prospect of the central dynasty.

What should Chang ‘an government do next?

two

In the case of sparing loans, how did the Western Han military get out of the predicament?

Re-examine the situation in Chang ‘an before the war.

It can be said that people are in a panic. The financial industry is a barometer of politics and military affairs. At that time, the financial institutions in Chang ‘an basically refused to give it to the "Central Army" of the Han Dynasty because they thought the chances of winning were too low.

"Biography of Huo Zhi" in Historical Records records: "Zi Qianjia thought that Hou Yi’s country was in Kanto, and the success or failure of Kanto was undecided, so he refused to cooperate."

The so-called sub-money family is the kind of lending institution and folk. They thought that the vassal state was east of Chang ‘an, and the success or failure was uncertain at that time, so they refused to lend.

Who will you lend it to?

To those who went to the front to fight.

These liehou ancestors got some enfeoffment because they worked for the Han Dynasty, mostly in the form of land. In return, liehou had to provide their own equipment, buy their own weapons and pommel horses and go to the front at their own expense when the country had military operations.

This situation existed in ancient China and abroad.

For example, "Mulan Ci" said: "The east market buys horses, the west market buys saddles, the south market buys bridles and the north market buys whips." Before Mulan joined the army, she bought equipment all over the market, and probably went to the front at her own expense.

Another example is Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers. The French cardinal launched a war against Spain, and the members of the King’s Musketeers had to prepare their own armor, horses, knives and guns and follow the cardinal to the battlefield. One of them had to please the ladies and borrow money because he was short of money.

This is the situation faced by the Western Han Dynasty.

The assets given by the imperial court are either idle or gambled away, and maybe some of them are still negative assets.

It is necessary to serve the court. But you can’t go to the battlefield on foot with a bamboo pole with bare arms.

They first thought of loans, and maybe they are already frequent customers of these financial lending institutions.

However, all over Chang ‘an, financial institutions are either closed or pushed. Sorry, we financial predators are not optimistic about the war prospects of the imperial court, so we can’t borrow this money.

At this time, the strong men of the Western Han Dynasty were in a desperate situation.

The cross-flow of the sea shows the true colors of heroes and financial institutions.

I am greedy when others are afraid.

This greedy financial institution finally came out. At that time, it was not a financial crocodile, but it was ambitious.

The boss of this financial institution, surnamed Wu Yan, put up a signboard and was willing to lend money to the soldiers who were about to go to the front.

Soon, the empty-handed Hou people rushed in.

The Wuyan family made a written statement with the heroes who were about to go out, and the money was immediately available, but there was a harsh condition, that is, the interest was ten times.

"Its interest rate is ten."

It’s a total usury.

However, without thinking about it, the Hou immediately took money and bought brand-new equipment, and went to the front line without hesitation.

The so-called ten times interest rate is not a threat to them at all.

Because there are only two endings.

One is to die, and people don’t have to pay their debts when they die.

First, victory, once there is a trophy, this interest of ten times can only be described as "mere".

And there are only two endings of salt-free financial institutions.

First, defeat, defeat is defeat, nothing more than losing all one’s money, and the imperial court and country will be lost. What is there to say?

One is victory. Needless to say, we have everything.

The nature of capital is profit-loving, aggressive and adventurous.

Let the capital fight with the soldiers of the crusade.

three

Borrowing capital gained ten times in the war of seven countries.

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion in 154 AD eventually became a large-scale dying struggle of local governors. The Han Dynasty continued its life for more than a hundred years, and the supreme military commander of the imperial court, Zhou Yafu, must be the most grateful person in the world. He used Han Jingdi’s uncle Liang Xiaowang as a fortress to attract the rebels’ fire, so that the rebels were exhausted here, and then he broke the back road of the seven countries by himself, and finally put down the rebellion in three months.

It was Liang Xiaowang who was not under Zhou Yafu’s credit. Although he didn’t take the initiative, he clung to his territory and resisted the fierce attacks of the rebels of the Seven Countries. Liang Xiaowang repeatedly asked Zhou Yafu for help, but Zhou Yafu just ignored it. Others were unreliable and had to ask for help, so the defensive ability was greatly stimulated, which led to great damage to the troops of the Seven Countries at the gates and made it impossible for Zhou Yafu to send troops.

There is another point that many people may not think of, and that is the lending institution-Wuyan’s Qianjia.

The bold lending behavior of the Wuyan clan actually retained the military backbone for the Western Han Dynasty, greatly released their fighting capacity and stimulated their desire to fight. There is money in your hand and you don’t panic when you go into battle. This is one of them. If you are in debt, you must fight bravely and win, so that you can earn your money back and look forward to the future. This is the second.

It can be said that the financial institutions without salt made a key contribution to the victory of the Western Han Dynasty.

Finance not only provides capital, but also provides confidence.

After the victory, the survivors came back with a huge amount of trophies, and their profits exceeded ten times the interest, which made everyone happy.

As for those who were buried in the battlefield, the debts they borrowed were of course bad debts, but they were completely washed away by rich returns.

The ultimate winner is the Han Dynasty.

The biggest winner is the Wuyan family.

Compared with before the war, its assets have increased tenfold.

"At the age of one, the interest rate of the salt-free family is ten times."

Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, a short historical material, shows us the richer structure of ancient wars. It is not only the correct decision of the rulers, the level of the commanders’ use of troops, and the bravery of the soldiers that determines the outcome of the war to quell the rebellion of the Seven Countries, but also closely related to financial lending. It became an integral part of the fighting capacity and fighting confidence of the Han Dynasty.

From a financial point of view, Sima Qian may be the first person in China since ancient times.

— END —

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 28 (Xinhua) Today, the 31st Summer Universiade in Chengdu will officially kick off. This is the third Universiade in Chinese mainland after 2001 and 2011, and the first comprehensive international sports event in western China.

　　As one of the largest and most prestigious sports feasts in the world, every Universiade will attract thousands of student athletes to participate in the competition. "Chengdu achieves dreams" is a sincere invitation from Chengdu to the world. From July 28th to August 8th, the Chengdu Universiade was full of wonderful performances.

　　The main stadium of Chengdu Universiade under the sunshine. Photo courtesy of Zhongjian Oriental Decoration 　

　　Aspect 1: The opening ceremony is simple and wonderful.

　　On the evening of 28th, the opening ceremony of Chengdu Universiade will be held in the main stadium of Donganhu Sports Park. It is reported that the opening ceremony follows the principle of "simplicity, safety and excitement". The scale of actors and volunteers is nearly 2,000, and the overall duration is less than 100 minutes, while the cultural performances are compressed to 15 minutes.

　　The theme of the opening ceremony also echoes the slogan of Chengdu Universiade, "Chengdu makes dreams come true". The 15-minute literary performance "Pursuing Dreams in Youth" consists of three paragraphs: Light of Youth, Vitality of Youth and Friendship of Youth, focusing on showing the good features of young people from the emotional and spiritual levels.

　　According to Chen Weiya, the general director, in order to present more wonderful things in a limited time, many creative ideas were also incorporated into the opening ceremony, making the necessary ceremony more memorable and artistic. The full use of high technology also enables more creativity to be realized in limited time and space, making the field full of artistic imagination and sense of space.

　　Aspect 2: Archery water polo takes the lead in starting the game.

　　On the day before the opening ceremony, archery and water polo took the lead. The China college archery team played in the recurve bow competition, which was the first appearance of the China delegation at the Chengdu Universiade.

　　Image source: official website, Chengdu Universiade

　　After a day of competition, in the men’s recurve bow team competition, China stopped in the quarter-elimination. The women’s team defeated Poland and India successively, and advanced to the women’s recurve bow team final.

　　The water polo competition is the first water event to start this Universiade. On the afternoon of 27th, the China men’s team played its first opponent, the Georgian team, in the water polo group match, and finally lost to the opponent at 7:13, which missed a good start.

　　Aspect 3: China athletes hit the first gold medal of the Universiade

　　The first gold medal of this Universiade will be produced in the martial arts event on the 29th. On the morning of 29th, the men’s Nanquan competition started first, and Sichuan athlete Cao Maoyuan played on behalf of the China team.

　　It is reported that Cao Maoyuan began to learn martial arts at the age of 5 and has been insisting on it for more than 20 years. Currently studying in Chengdu Institute of Physical Education, he has participated in many competitions and won national, provincial and municipal championships.

　　In order to prepare for the Universiade, Cao Maoyuan and his teammates conducted 28 days of closed training before the game. In an interview with the media before, he said that he hoped to get the gold medal at home.

　　The mascot of the Universiade "Rongbao" is hand-made. China News Service reporter Yang Kejia photo

　　Aspect 4: Rookie veterans gather in Chengdu

　　The Universiade has always been known as the "Little Olympics", and countless sports stars have started their legendary careers from here.

　　The China delegation of the Universiade consists of more than 700 people, among whom 411 athletes from more than 100 universities in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will compete in all 18 major events of the Universiade.

　　The average age of athletes is 22.9 years old. Among the 411 athletes, 387 participated in the Summer Universiade for the first time, 344 participated in the World Comprehensive Games for the first time on behalf of the country, and only 24 participated in the previous Universiade.

　　In other words, this Universiade, the China delegation will be led by newcomers. However, among the teenagers, there are also many familiar faces. For example, divers Zhang Jiaqi, swimmers Zhang Yufei and Qin Haiyang, and gymnasts Zou Jingyuan and Zhang Boheng will all appear on the stage of Chengdu Universiade.

　　Data Map: Zhang Yufei celebrated her victory after winning the World Championships. China News Service reporter Tang Yanjun photo

　　Tonight, the Chengdu Universiade will officially open, and the dreams of young athletes from all over the world will gather here. This summer, Chengdu achieved its dream.

　　On October 4th, Tang Xingqiang, Xie Zhenye, Su Bingtian and Wu Zhiqiang (from right to left) were at the award ceremony.

　　That evening, after the track and field events of the Hangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee held a medal awarding ceremony at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium to award medals to Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, who won bronze medals in the men’s 4X100 relay at the Tokyo Olympic Games, and Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lv Xiuzhi, who won gold, silver and bronze medals in the women’s 20km walk at the 2012 London Olympic Games. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fei photo

　　On October 4 th, athletes who won the Olympic medals were at the award ceremony.

　　That evening, after the track and field events of the Hangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee held a medal awarding ceremony at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium to award medals to Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, who won bronze medals in the men’s 4X100 relay at the Tokyo Olympic Games, and Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lv Xiuzhi, who won gold, silver and bronze medals in the women’s 20km walk at the 2012 London Olympic Games. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jianghan photo

　　On October 4 th, athletes who won the Olympic medals were at the award ceremony.

　　That night, after the track and field events of the Hangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee held an award ceremony for the replacement Olympic medals at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium. Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, who won bronze medals in the men’s 4X100 relay at the Tokyo Olympic Games, and Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lv Xiuzhi, who won gold, silver and bronze medals in the women’s 20km walk at the London Olympic Games in 2012, presented medals. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jianghan photo

　　On October 4 th, athletes who won the Olympic medals were at the award ceremony.

　　That night, after the track and field events of the Hangzhou Asian Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee held an award ceremony for the replacement Olympic medals at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium. Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, who won bronze medals in the men’s 4X100 relay at the Tokyo Olympic Games, and Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lv Xiuzhi, who won gold, silver and bronze medals in the women’s 20km walk at the London Olympic Games in 2012, presented medals. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jianghan photo

　　On April 3rd, the Supreme Leader of president held talks with Zimbabwean President Mnangagwa in Beijing. This is the third African leader received by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader less than half a month after the conclusion of the National People’s Congress in China.

　　Earlier, Cameroonian President Biya and Namibian President Geingob paid state visits to China and held talks with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader.

　　China and African countries are friends in need and China-Africa friendship is unbreakable. After the two sessions, what did the Chairman of the Supreme Leader talk to these African guests who came from afar? What is the prospect of China-Africa cooperation?

　　On April 3rd, the Supreme Leader of president held talks with Zimbabwean President Mnangagwa in the Great Hall of the People. Before the talks, the Supreme Leader held a welcoming ceremony for Mnangagwa in the North Hall of the Great Hall of the People. Xinhua News Agency reporter Rao Aimin photo

　　Syrian friendship — — Good friend, good brother, good partner

　　During the talks with three African leaders, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader mentioned China’s deep friendship with these countries.

　　Zimbabwean President Mnangagwa took office last November, and China was his first visit outside Africa. Chairman of the Supreme Leader told him: China and Tianjin have always been "all-weather" friends, and no matter how the international situation changes, they have always been in the same boat through thick and thin.

　　To Namibian President Geingob, who visited China five times, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said: When China was not rich, President Mao Zedong and other leaders of the older generation in China indicated that we would support Africa despite difficulties. Today, China has developed, and we should help Africa more both in love and strength.

　　Cameroonian President Biya is the first African head of state to visit China in 2018, and the first foreign head of state to visit after the two sessions in China. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader told him that since the establishment of diplomatic relations 47 years ago, the two countries have always respected each other and treated each other as equals, and the friendship between China and Cameroon has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　With deep friendship for China-Africa friendship, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader has always been obsessed with the development of African countries. In 2013, the Supreme Leader visited Africa for the first time after taking office in president. In December 2015, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader visited Africa again. At the Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, he put forward the "five pillars" and "ten cooperation plans" for China-Africa cooperation, which provided strong support and solid guarantee for the development of China-Africa friendly and cooperative relations.

　　On December 4, 2015, the Supreme Leader of president attended the opening ceremony of the Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and delivered a speech. This is South African President Zuma welcoming the supreme leader. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei photo

　　The gratitude of the three African leaders to China represents the voice of the African people. As President Geingob said, "China historically supported our just cause and continues to help our development today. China is Africa’s sincere partner and friend. "

　　Talking about ideas — — Truth, truthfulness, intimacy and sincerity

　　During the talks with African leaders, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader repeatedly emphasized China’s correct concept of justice and interests and his true policy concept of being sincere and right.

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader said: China will continue to uphold the correct concept of justice and interests and the true policy concept of being sincere and sincere towards Africa, closely integrate China’s development with helping Africa’s development, achieve win-win cooperation and common development, and especially enable African countries to enhance their independent and sustainable development capabilities through China-Africa cooperation.

　　The policy concept of true sincerity towards Africa was put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader when he visited Africa in 2013, just five years ago.

　　On March 25th, 2013, Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a speech entitled "Always Be Reliable Friends and Sincere Partners" at Nyerere International Conference Center in Tanzania. He said: to treat African friends, we speak the word "truth"; To carry out cooperation with Africa, we speak a word "real"; To strengthen China-Africa friendship, we say the word "pro"; To solve the problems in cooperation, we speak the word "sincerity".

　　On March 25th, 2013, the Supreme Leader of president delivered a speech at Nyerere International Conference Center in Dar es Salaam. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yip Wong photo

　　China fulfilled his promise with practical actions. On the premise of not attaching any political conditions, not interfering in internal affairs and meeting the needs of African countries, China has helped African countries to vigorously implement infrastructure construction. From railways to highways, airports to ports, China has undertaken projects all over the African continent, which has played an important role in solving the bottleneck of local economic development.

　　The leaders of three African countries expressed their deep approval for China’s Africa policy, which broke the "noise" that attempted to discredit China-Africa cooperation.

　　Mnangagwa said that the Zimbabwean government and people will never forget the support that China has always given, and thanked China for its help in improving people’s livelihood in Zimbabwe over the years. Geingob said that China has never colonized or plundered Africa and has always treated small and medium-sized African countries equally. Biya said that China’s long-standing friendship has helped promote Cameroon’s economic and social development and directly benefited the Cameroonian people.

　　This is the Kariba Dam photographed in Kariba, Zimbabwe on March 28, 2018. The expansion project of the south bank hydropower station in Kariba, Zimbabwe, which was built by China enterprises, was completed on 28th, marking the completion and commissioning of the largest hydropower project in Zimbabwe since its independence. The project has increased Zimbabwe’s power supply by 20% to 30%, greatly alleviating its power shortage. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Sean Jusa)

　　Cooperation — — the Belt and Road

　　During his talks with African leaders, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out the direction of cooperation between the two sides in high-level exchanges, economy and trade, humanities, international affairs and other fields, and put forward specific cooperation suggestions. Among them, "Belt and Road" is a high-frequency word.

　　Africa is an important node of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, and African countries play an important role in the process of building the "Belt and Road". During the talks, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader sent invitations to Zimbabwe, Namibia and Cameroon, welcoming them to continue to deepen cooperation with China under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, and received positive responses from African leaders.

　　In fact, the African Union put forward Vision 2063 in 2013, and many African countries have also formulated corresponding development strategies. Infrastructure construction and industrialization are the common points and top priorities of these development strategies. This coincides with the "Belt and Road Initiative". This highly compatible development strategy has brought unprecedented opportunities to China-Africa cooperation.

　　In September this year, the summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation will be held in Beijing. The theme will focus on building the "Belt and Road" between China and Africa and building a community of destiny between China and Africa. At that time, Chinese and African leaders will discuss China-Africa cooperation in the new era, and China-Africa comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership will also enter a new stage.

　　It is noteworthy that the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, President Mnangagwa and President Geingob also unanimously decided to upgrade the positioning of China-Zimbabwe and China-Namibia relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, and promote the improvement of bilateral relations, which has also become the latest footnote of China-Africa friendship.

　　Reporter Zhu Chao

　　Cctv newsAt 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　[Focus]

　　● At 22: 55 on June 17th, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred in Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 kilometers. Since then, at 23: 36, an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred in Gongxian County, Yibin City. As of 5: 20 on the 18th, the earthquake has caused 11 deaths and 122 injuries. Relevant rescuers have arrived at the scene and are carrying out intense rescue work.

　　● On June 17th, the official website of the Ministry of Education released the List of National Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 2019. As of June 15, 2019, there were 2,956 institutions of higher learning in China. In the past two years, there have been 42 colleges and universities in China.

　　● By the end of May, the national courts had issued a list of 14.09 million people who had been executed for dishonesty, and restricted the purchase of air tickets by 25.04 million people and high-speed train tickets by 5.87 million people.

　　● The agreement to postpone the return of Xiangxiang, a giant panda living in Japan, came into effect a few days ago. Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Lu Kang confirmed at a regular press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that she hoped this decision would make Xiangxiang continue to promote Sino-Japanese friendship and promote the healthy development of Sino-Japanese relations.

　　● The National Drug Control Office held a press conference on the 17th to release the Report on the Drug Situation in China in 2018. According to the report, at present, methamphetamine has become the "top drug abuse" and "internet plus logistics" has become the main way of drug trafficking.

　　● According to the news from the Guangdong Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection, Ke Zhujun, a member of the party group and vice chairman of the Guangzhou Municipal Political Consultative Conference, is suspected of serious violation of the law and is currently undergoing disciplinary review and supervision investigation by the Guangdong Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection.

　　● On the 17th, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Zhangjiakou City and the Supervision Committee of Zhangjiakou City issued a notice saying that Zhangjiakou Qinfeng Labor Dispatch Co., Ltd. and other intermediary agencies have never been entrusted to recruit support workers, so please beware of being deceived!

　　● On June 17th, a new list of TOP500 global high-performance computers was announced at the International Supercomputing Conference held in Frankfurt, Germany. The number of shortlisted supercomputing systems developed by China manufacturers continues to increase, ranking first in the world by country.

　　[Expo]

　　● On June 17, the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization issued a statement on the same day, announcing that Iran will break through the upper limit of 300 kilograms of low-enriched uranium before June 27.

　　● On June 17th, local time, former Egyptian President Hosni Mohamed Morsi died at the age of 67. According to reports, Mursi fainted during the trial and then died.

　　● According to the Kyodo News Agency, on the 17th local time, Japanese defense minister Iwaya Yi apologized to Akita Prefecture Governor Keihisa Sasaki for the wrong investigation results of the land-based Aegis system.

　　● On June 17, local time, a bus accident occurred in Indonesia, killing 12 people. A passenger on the bus tried to forcibly control the steering wheel.

　　● Baolong Auction Company said that the first edition of British biologist Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species sold for a record price of more than 500,000 US dollars.

　　[hundred States]

　　● Recently, seven hikers illegally walked through Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, killing one person. On June 17, Wolong Nature Reserve issued a final announcement, and six survivors were severely criticized and educated, and each was fined 5,000 yuan; The expenses for transporting the remains up the mountain and handling the aftermath in Wolong will be paid in full by the families of the victims temporarily.

　　● On May 17th, during the rush hour, in order to shoot a small video and publish it on the Internet to earn popularity and click rate, the suspect Wu Mou Tao and other five people shouted "Everybody get down, be careful of mines" on the subway, and made corresponding actions to attract passengers’ attention, so as to shoot a spoof video. On June 17, Shenzhen Futian District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest of five suspects according to law.

　　● On June 17th, a parent posted on the Internet that his child got zero points for moral cultivation when he participated in an interview with Xiaoshengchu of Binhe School in Xi ‘an Tieyi Middle School. The school responded that after the surveillance video was taken, the students who scored zero in moral cultivation did not answer the questions, not to evaluate the children’s poor morality.

　　● Hebei Handan College retired 75 college students, 4 of whom have not finished their studies for 9 years.

　　● On the 17th, Didi announced the new rules of online car driving: drivers need to rest for 20 minutes every 4 hours.

　　Visual sense

　　● Due to the continuous heavy rainfall in recent days, the lakes and marshes section of Yongwu Highway in Yongxiu County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province is close to the level of Poyang Lake, which looks like a "water highway" from a distance.

　　● The staff of Sichuan Huanglong Nature Reserve Administration collected images of wild female giant pandas with cubs in three infrared cameras, and one set of photos recorded the life scenes of female giant pandas.

　　[sound]

　　● The increase in fruit prices is mainly related to the previous abnormal weather factors, and the increase is unsustainable.

　　— — Meng Wei, spokesman of the National Development and Reform Commission, said on the 17th.

　　● Safety should not always be valued after paying the price of blood. Stop falling objects with the net of law!

　　— — A Short Comment on CCTV News Channel on 17th

　　● Our ordinary people’s research on this breakthrough may only stay at the stage of "too much", and what kind of joy it is for patients who can really benefit.

　　— — Netizen Sweet Lemon Workshop commented on the new achievements of Tu Youyou team.

　　● "At present, the production and operation of various parks in Foxconn mainland are carried out in an orderly manner, and no divestment has occurred."

　　— — Foxconn refuted the information that "Foxconn withdrew from the mainland" circulated on the Internet before.

　　● "When it was very dangerous, I even wrote a suicide note in my heart, but I never regretted it."

　　— — Anti-drug policewoman tells about going out on a mission

　　The year of 2019 is a milestone, a weathervane and a watershed in the history of building economy development, and it is also the year of the opening of a new era in the history of building economy development in China.

　　— — Xia Xiaohong was compiled by the Blue Book of Building Economy in China.

　　[face]

　　● There is a primary school in Qingshanyan Mountain, Taiping Town, Xingwen County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. Yang Shaocheng is the only teacher in the school. He has trained more than 200 students in 39 years.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Zhao Jin Qian Jingtong

　　Tan Banghua, a villager in Gudong Village, Xingshan County, Hubei Province, who had just been discharged from the hospital, received 24,600 yuan of supplementary insurance money for precise poverty alleviation medical assistance from the adjuster, plus 45,700 yuan for reimbursement of basic medical care and serious illness insurance of the new rural cooperative medical system. She only needed to pay 1,200 yuan for this admission. This is the first reimbursement since the implementation of the supplementary insurance policy for medical assistance in Xingshan County. In October last year, Xingshan County introduced measures. The average patient only needs to pay 12,000 yuan at his own expense, and the poor households only need to pay 1,200 yuan at their own expense. The rural five-guarantee object, the urban three objects, and the urban and rural orphans don’t spend money to see a doctor.

　　Compliance medical expenses, capped at 12,000 yuan for patients at their own expense.

　　"Although the new rural cooperative medical system and medical insurance for urban residents have reduced the medical burden, serious illness and serious illness still make many families ‘ A disease returned to before liberation ’ It has become a roadblock for the masses to get rid of poverty and become rich and well-off. " Tan Yeming, secretary of the county party committee of Xingshan County, said that Xingshan County is a poverty-stricken county in the old area of western Hubei, and there are 25,700 rural poor people with a population of 180,000, of whom more than 30% are poor or return to poverty due to illness.

　　The Tan Banghua family is typical. In 2006, the couple built a two-story building at home by working, and their lives gradually entered a well-off society. However, a serious illness destroyed everything. In 2011, Tan Banghua suffered from chronic myeloid leukemia, with medical expenses as high as 350,000 yuan, and paid more than 200,000 yuan at his own expense, owing a huge foreign debt. Now the whole family only relies on her husband’s income of more than 2,500 yuan a month to make a living.

　　Xingshan implements the precise poverty alleviation model of "basic medical care of the new rural cooperative medical system (or medical insurance for urban residents)+serious illness insurance of the new rural cooperative medical system (or medical insurance for urban residents)+supplementary medical assistance insurance". For the overflow part after reimbursement of the basic medical care and serious illness insurance policy, Xingshan County finances the insurance company, and the insurance company is responsible for the implementation and payment of the supplementary medical insurance system for precise poverty alleviation, providing medical care for the residents of the county.

　　According to this model, the compliance expenses of the medical insurance for the new rural cooperative medical system and urban residents will be reimbursed by the supplementary medical assistance insurance after the first reimbursement of basic medical care and the second reimbursement of serious illness insurance. The standard is: 100% reimbursement for the compliance expenses of more than 12,000 yuan; 90% will be reimbursed for the part of the rural poor and urban and rural subsistence allowances that is less than 12,000 yuan at their own expense; For rural five-guarantee objects, urban three-no-objects, urban and rural orphans, all the parts below 12,000 yuan at their own expense are reimbursed.

　　According to this standard, the average patient’s compliance medical expenses are only 12,000 yuan at his own expense; Rural poor households and urban and rural low-income households pay up to 1200 yuan at their own expense; Rural five guarantees, urban three no objects, urban and rural orphans do not have to spend their own money.

　　This does not mean that all medical expenses can be reimbursed. Wan Wei Mao, a poor resident of Dali Village, Zhaojun Town, Xingshan County, spent 145,901.39 yuan in Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital in January this year because of congenital heart disease. After being reimbursed by the basic medical care and serious illness insurance of the new rural cooperative medical system, the county finance provided him with assistance of 33,062.5 yuan according to the New Deal, but there is still 13,848.97 yuan to be paid at his own expense, because Wan Wei Mao has some out-of-pocket expenses.

　　"The financial bottom is the part that is compliant and self-funded. Those that are not compliant and self-funded cannot be reported, which is the case in the whole province and the whole country." Zou Zhichuang, director of Xingshan County Joint Management Office, explained.

　　Insurance costs 10 million yuan, which the county finance can afford.

　　On the morning of April 12, Niu Xiaofang, a low-income household, came to the service window of Xingshan Branch of PICC P&C Insurance Company to handle the supplementary insurance payment for precise poverty alleviation medical assistance. For the medical expenses of more than 5,400 yuan, the new rural cooperative medical system reimbursed more than 3,300 yuan, and the self-funded part was reimbursed for more than 1,600 yuan with the approval of PICC P&C Insurance, so it only took less than 500 yuan.

　　"A small payment of less than 4,000 yuan will go directly to the patient’s account within one day, and a large payment can be settled within one week." Yu Shoucheng, general manager of PICC P&C Xingshan Branch, introduced that after the implementation of the new policy, people’s medical treatment and reimbursement procedures have changed, and PICC P&C Xingshan Branch, which is responsible for the implementation of compensation, has set up a settlement and payment window for medical assistance supplementary insurance. The medical assistance supplementary insurance undertaken by PICC P&C Insurance is a part of the company’s insurance business involving agriculture, countryside and farmers in Xingshan County. Although it risks losses, it is of great significance to the company’s local market layout.

　　"At present, we are coordinating the medical institutions in the county to pay for medical expenses. When patients leave the hospital, they will be reimbursed for three times and one stop. Serious illness insurance and medical assistance reimbursement for medical treatment outside the county still have to be handled by various insurance companies. " Zou Zhichuang said that when a patient goes to the county for medical treatment and leaves the hospital, he can implement the basic medical care and serious illness insurance of the new rural cooperative medical system in one stop; For medical treatment outside the county, the basic medical care of the new rural cooperative medical system can be completed at the time of discharge, and the serious illness insurance needs to be handled by the handling commercial insurance company; The supplementary medical insurance needs to be handled by the People’s Insurance Company of China, Xingshan Branch.

　　Wang Xiaobo, the county magistrate of Xingshan County, said that before the introduction of the policy, Xingshan County made a detailed investigation, and based on the data of the serious illness expenses of the insured objects in 2014, the county finance needs to arrange 10.23 million yuan to insure with insurance companies this year in order to cover the entire county. This 10.23 million yuan includes 5.23 million yuan of county financial special funds and 5 million yuan of integrated civil affairs department medical assistance funds.

　　"Whether the medical assistance supplementary insurance system can operate normally is a prerequisite." Wang Xiaobo said that the public budget revenue of the county finance increased from 300 million yuan in 2011 to 950 million yuan in 2015, which more than tripled. The medical assistance supplementary insurance accounted for about 1% of the fiscal expenditure, and the finance was fully able to bear it.

　　Reduce unreasonable expenses and strictly prevent excessive medical treatment.

　　Zou Zhichuang introduced that in the first quarter of this year, a total of 2,030 people in Xingshan County received insurance payment of 3.37 million yuan, with an average of 1,553 yuan at their own expense, accounting for 33.9% at their own expense, down 13% from the same period last year, and the minimum living allowance, five guarantees and poverty alleviation targets did not exceed 15%.

　　At the beginning of the operation, it looks good, but there are concerns outside — — Will there be over-medical problems after the medical expenses are fully covered?

　　"According to the data we have, the high hospitalization expenses basically occur in secondary and tertiary medical institutions." Ren Qi, director of the Xingshan County Health and Family Planning Bureau, said that for the second-and third-level medical institutions outside Xingshan County, the higher-level health and family planning administrative departments have formulated a series of medical behavior norms and corresponding cost control measures to reduce the burden of patients’ medical expenses, thus reducing the government’s financial expenditure pressure and enabling the medical assistance supplementary insurance system to be promoted in an orderly manner.

　　Ren Qi said that in 2015, Xingshan County reduced unreasonable treatment costs by more than 1.26 million yuan.

　　In addition, Xingshan County adopted a graded diagnosis and treatment system, and determined the fixed-rate payment catalogue of 200 single diseases in the county, 112 hospitalized diseases in towns and villages, and 49 hospitalized referral diseases outside the county. "The price of most common diseases is fixed, which reduces the space for over-medical treatment." Ren Qi said that at present, Xingshan County has three second-class hospitals and seven township hospitals, with 883 beds and 5.0 beds per 1,000 population, which largely ensures the controllability of over-medical treatment.

　　Beijing, May 31 (Reporter Zhang Mianmian) According to the Voice of China report, the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology accepted an exclusive interview on the "Telephone real-name registration system" policy yesterday, facing the problem and explaining the New Deal in detail. According to the previous notice, telecom operators will register all users in real-name registration system before June 30 next year, and users who fail to make up the registration according to the regulations will be forced to stop. This policy is also considered as an "ultimatum". So, what are the specific operational norms of the New Deal, which is called "the strictest real-name registration system in history"?

　　In a strong dialect, "Come to my office, why can’t you even hear your own leader?" In life, there are many people who encounter this kind of phone fraud. One of the most important reasons for telephone fraud is the "three no phone cards" with no source, no information and no guarantee. Criminals use these phone cards to make trouble. Therefore, the promotion of telephone real-name registration system is imperative.

　　It is understood that as of the first quarter of this year, the proportion of real-name registration of users in China has reached 93%, and new users can basically register with their real names. For old users, the real-name registration of about 300 million users has been basically completed, leaving about 100 million old users, so as to achieve real-name registration system by the end of June next year. Sui Jing, deputy inspector of the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that at first, the three major operators, China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom, were not active in promoting real-name registration system, because in the short term, the compulsory implementation of real-name registration system would have a negative impact on the accumulation of users. However, in the long term, it would allow operators to carry out their business more pertinently. At present, there is basically no resistance for the three major operators to promote real-name registration system.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by the end of April this year, 140,000 mobile phone numbers had been shut down, of which more than 60,000 were related to virtual operator, accounting for 40% of the total. Numbers such as 170 and 171, which have low tariff threshold and do not require identification, have become synonymous with fraudulent calls. The reporter found on the Internet that many shops are selling paragraphs 170 and 171 from virtual operator. A seller told the reporter that the 170-segment and an empty card without phone charges he sold need 25 yuan, and the buyer does not need to provide an ID card. It takes 121 minutes to make a national call, and the national call is free.

　　The management of basic telecom operators here is strict, and criminals there can only find other ways. Sui Jing said that virtual operator Section has become the hardest hit area to promote real-name registration system. "After the basic telecom operators are well managed here, there are always some people who want to commit crimes. They will definitely find ways to go to other weak places to buy cards, so naturally they will turn to this piece of virtual operator, which has just entered the operation, plus virtual operator has just entered this field, but they still have certain problems in implementation, so they have also provided such conditions and provided such convenience to these criminals."

　　Sui Jing said that in view of the problem of virtual operator telecom user real-name registration system, compared with last year’s special campaign to crack down on black cards, two new requirements were added this time. In the future, an ID card and an operator’s number can only have five cards at most. In the hands of some agents, there are still acts of issuing cards in batches and false registration. For an agent, he earns an agency fee for each card he issues.

　　On the other hand, the New Deal requires the new mobile phone calling card to define and bind all industry cards including bus cards. "According to its application scenarios and business forms, data can only be transmitted." At the same time, it is stipulated that the trade card cannot be sold for the second time. If there is a problem, the seller is jointly and severally liable.

　　In addition, in the future, online sales will also require an authorization management system. Operators will decide whether to grant authorization according to the security of online store information protection and their own qualifications. Which operator is authorized will be marked on the Internet. Taobao will clean up online stores according to the situation of authorized agents, and there will also be authentication links in express delivery.

　　In fact, the telephone real-name registration system was implemented in 2010, but the implementation of the policy did not make great progress until last year. Then why has this policy progressed so slowly over the years? Can this round of New Deal be implemented smoothly?

　　Industry analysis, in addition to the resistance from virtual operator, what is more important is that there is no law to follow; Today, there is a special requirement in the anti-terrorism law that telecom enterprises should check the identity of users, and those whose identities are unknown or who refuse to accept the inspection should be forced to make up the registration. Those who fail to make up the registration within the specified period will be forced to stop their business, and the relevant sellers will be severely punished. Therefore, this policy is called "the strictest real-name registration system in history".

　　Sui Jing emphasized that the punishment will be intensified. The punishment for virtual operator will be linked to their next step of expanding the pilot business scope and developing new users, and will also be linked to their next step of applying for a formal business license.

　　Sui Jing judged that through this series of measures, I am confident that the real-name rate of telephone users will reach more than 95% by the end of this year, and all telephone users will realize real-name registration by June 30 next year. While the policy is vigorously promoted, some users are worried that their information security will not be guaranteed. In this regard, Sui Jing responded that, in fact, after the National People’s Congress decided to strengthen the protection of individual users’ information, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued two regulations, one on real-name registration system and the other on protecting the information security of telecom users. In this regard, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will supervise in time, correct the problems found in time, and resort to the law if it involves criminal law. If problems are found in operating enterprises, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology may impose administrative penalties on them, and may impose administrative fines ranging from 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan.

　　Sun Huaisheng performed in Shangheyuan Scenic Area on Qingming Festival.

　　In some tourist attractions and performance activities, tourists can often see amazing fire-breathing performances. With a torch in his hand, the performer suddenly opened his mouth and spewed orange flames several meters high from his mouth. The onlookers could even feel the heat on their faces in an instant, and the scene was very shocking with various juggling movements. How is this performance done? Can the oral cavity really withstand such high temperature? The Yangzi Evening News Zi Niu News recently interviewed Sun Huaisheng, a "fire-breathing" performer. The 46-year-old has been engaged in fire-breathing performances for 34 years. His daily performances in the Qingming Shanghe Garden in Kaifeng City, Henan Province were photographed by netizens and sent to the Internet, which caused admiration. However, behind the cheers, ordinary people have unimaginable bitterness. "My mouth has been desquamated by burns for more than a thousand times, and it may accumulate every year ‘ Drink ’ The kerosene under it reaches a thousand kilograms, and even once a month when it is serious. "

　　Sun Huaisheng is well-known in the Qingming Shangheyuan Scenic Area, and he usually performs his costume of Song Dynasty opera. According to records, the fire-breathing performance originated in the capital of song dynasty, which has a history of more than 1000 years.

　　I saw Sun Huaisheng walking around the field with an oil bowl. He put the bowl in front of the tourists and let them smell it. Judging from the tourists’ expressions, there is indeed a pungent smell. Sun Huaisheng took a sip, made a swallowing action, and then said a few words to prove that he had drunk kerosene into his stomach. He waved a small torch, then took a steady step and roared, only to hear "poof — —” With a roar, a fire dragon spewed out, accompanied by thick black smoke. The reporter learned that the branches and leaves of the old locust tree next to the place where he often performed were blackened. In addition to performing fire breathing, Master Sun will also play some tricks, such as swallowing fire in his mouth and tourists putting cigarettes into his mouth to light them. He can also perform fire-breathing kebabs.

　　● Is white lips hot?

　　The shopkeeper who knows him well nearby said that Sun Huaisheng earned not only hard money, but also hard-earned money, which was exchanged for good health. His lips were white and burned. Although he applied ointment every day, it never seemed to be thorough. In this regard, Sun Huaisheng said: "Scalding is inevitable. The scar on the corners of the mouth is scalded, but the whitening of the lips is not scalded, but corroded by kerosene."

　　● Do you really want to swallow kerosene?

　　He said that he has practiced fire breathing for decades, and the action of swallowing is of a performance nature. Usually, kerosene is contained in his mouth, but it is inevitable that he will swallow kerosene accidentally. I have to wash my stomach once a month, because the lead in kerosene is relatively high, and I am afraid of hurting my body. In addition to practicing martial arts to improve metabolism and detoxification, he heard that eating vegetables may have the effect of discharging lead, and he often eats fruits and vegetables.

　　● Can it be replaced by other flammable liquids?

　　Sun Huaisheng said that for so many years, I have been thinking about finding alternatives, but nothing can replace kerosene. "Now we use aviation kerosene, which has a high degree of cleanliness. Ordinary edible oil is definitely not good, and alcohol is not good." He said that alcohol is dangerous and will deflagrate, and the flame of alcohol is blue, and it is basically invisible during the day. It is not as big as kerosene flame and smoke, and it looks more impactful.

　　Behind the stunt

　　Now I have lost some of my taste.

　　Sun Huaisheng’s hometown is Ancailou Town, Cao County, Shandong Province. He said that in the past, they were also the hometown of martial arts, and all the children in the village had hobbies in martial arts. When he was young, he worshipped Sun’s family in the village as a teacher. Master had studied some martial arts routines in Shaolin Temple, and he followed him to learn hard qigong and boxing. At the age of 12, Sun Huaisheng became a master, teaching other children in the village to learn martial arts. At this time, he met Kuai Chuanzhi, the master who later taught him his fire-breathing skills. Master was a member of an old troupe in Shanghai, and happened to go to Ancai Building to find an apprentice at that time.

　　"At that time, my family made a living by growing wheat and cotton. There were too many brothers and sisters, and the burden on my family was heavy. So I followed Master to learn acrobatics in big cities." Sun Huaisheng said that he stayed in Shanghai with the troupe for several years, and later followed the troupe to Beijing and Tianjin until he was dissolved and went to Kaifeng alone.

　　Sun Huaisheng said that it took a certain foundation for Master to teach this stunt of fire-breathing. "First, practice drinking kerosene, eating fire and breathing fire. The learning process is very painful. I have peeled off my mouth for thousands of times. Even drinking hot water hurts when I have a wound in my mouth." Sun Huaisheng said that now, occasionally, there is a sudden change in wind direction, which burns eyebrows and hair. Because of daily contact with kerosene, eating is tasteless.

　　Sun Huaisheng told Zi Niu news reporter that only breakfast is the most fragrant and rich every day, because there is no kerosene smell in his mouth in the morning. Generally, eating at noon and at night is relatively simple, and drinking some soup. He must chew something first, then eat Chinese food and dinner every day. Only when saliva is secreted in his mouth will he regain some sense of taste.

　　I used to choke my eyes and ears with kerosene.

　　"Beginners are inevitably injured in the process of learning. I remember when I was 12 years old, I joined the troupe with Master, and then I learned to breathe fire. The first time I drank kerosene into my mouth, Master made me hold my breath and spit it out. As a result, I didn’t master the luck method, and kerosene choked into my six orifices, and my eyes, nostrils and ears were burning with kerosene. That kind of uncomfortable feeling made me want to die. " Sun Huaisheng’s strong Shandong dialect sounded very heroic. He smiled and recalled that when he studied with Master when he was young, he even admired his perseverance.

　　"I didn’t have good luck once, and the airflow sucked backwards, which seriously burned my mouth and was covered with blisters. The biggest blisters didn’t disappear for a month, and eating was burning. Master applied a herbal ointment to me every day, and I ate completely liquid. " Sun Huaisheng said, "Master also advised me not to force myself to go on stage, but I knew that at that time, the troupe could not arbitrarily remove the programs that had been broadcast. That day, I hesitated and fought back with the sound of gongs and drums. After this experience, I am not afraid of anything. "

　　"For decades, I can’t do without my wife’s care." Sun Huaisheng said that at first, his wife didn’t know that fire breathing would suffer so much. Once she saw blisters in his mouth, she was so distressed that she burst into tears and advised him to change careers. "When children were young, they thought I was great. They would tell other children excitedly that my father would breathe fire. Now I am often advised not to do it, or do something else, which hurts my health. " Sun Huaisheng told reporters, "I still have enthusiasm for this stunt, otherwise I can’t persist."

　　Too hard, no one wants to learn again.

　　Before contacting Sun Huaisheng, Zi Niu news reporter called the performing arts department of the scenic spot many times, and every time the staff said that Master Sun Huaisheng was performing. The staff also said that Master Sun had performances in the morning, afternoon and evening. And come every day, never seen him absent on vacation.

　　Talking about the working state of being full-time and not taking leave all year round, Sun Huaisheng said that he is from Shandong, and he has no relatives and friends in Kaifeng. He has been practicing martial arts since childhood and has never been sick. Besides, he is the only one who can breathe fire. Many tourists come here and don’t want to disappoint the audience. He said that regardless of the wind and rain, he insisted on performing six or seven performances every day, earning seven or eight thousand yuan a month. "These incomes mainly depend on the audience’s on-site rewards, ranging from 50 cents to 100 yuan, but I am also very satisfied." Sun Huaisheng said.

　　In Sun Huaisheng’s view, this fire-breathing performance, which has been circulating for more than 1000 years, is mysterious, entertaining and more attractive to the audience. He confidently believes that although there are fire-breathing performances in some acrobatic performances, not many people will reach his level of interpretation. As early as five years ago, he felt tired of doing it and wanted to recruit a successor. In the past five years, some people have come here to inquire about it. When they see a bowl of kerosene and a torch, they think it’s very simple. However, I heard that in the process of practicing, you should drink kerosene into your mouth and hold your breath. Once you don’t hold your breath, kerosene will come out from your nose, ears and corners of your eyes. The taste is suffocating and scholars are discouraged.

　　Now Sun Huaisheng is no longer worried about whether he can recruit an apprentice. "My son doesn’t want to learn, and he can’t eat this bitterness. I don’t want to teach him either. I can’t bear to let my son suffer, and other parents are even more reluctant to send his son to learn this!" Sun Huaisheng said that he still hopes that children will read more books, and there will be other good ways in the future, so don’t follow his path.

　　■ The doctor reminds the human body that it is prone to tumors due to long-term stimulation.

　　Hua Yongzhi, deputy director of the Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, believes that there are very few groups of fire-breathing performers, and there is no statistical sample of such occupational morbidity in medicine. It is impossible to judge whether there is a high incidence rate in this profession from the data. Theoretically speaking, long-term exposure to foreign bodies and high temperature stimulation is harmful to the oral mucosa and digestive tract mucosa. In the process of repeated repair, cell variation may occur, which will form tumors to a certain extent. The World Health Organization attributed the frequent swallowing of food above 60 degrees Celsius to the related factors of tumorigenesis. From the appearance, although the fire-breathing performer suddenly spits out the fire, it is inevitable that it will be inhaled by mistake, and even the stimulated temperature exceeds 60 degrees Celsius, and the mouth, throat and even lungs may be seriously stimulated. Performers need to master skilled skills to fight the occurrence of injuries. Therefore, without skilled skills, don’t try it easily. (Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Ren Guoyong Respondents for the picture)

Self-heating food is popular with consumers because of its convenience, however, there are certain risks at the same time. Recently, it has been reported that an uncle in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, caused a self-heating hot pot to explode and overflow due to an operation error on the bullet train.

　

In fact, such incidents have occurred many times before. In order to avoid risks, many places began to prohibit or not recommend carrying self-heating food in vehicles such as bullet trains, high-speed trains and airplanes. The Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau recently issued a consumption reminder on its official WeChat to remind consumers to be cautious when eating self-heating food and avoid eating it in a confined space.

　

There have been many explosions.

　

Self-heating food can be eaten anytime and anywhere mainly because of its own heating package. The materials in the heating package are generally aluminum powder, coke powder, activated carbon, salt, quicklime, etc. When it meets water, it will generate a large amount of heat, which can heat the ingredients. However, due to the large amount of heat, there are also great risks.

　

In recent years, safety problems caused by eating self-heating food have occurred from time to time. On December 4 this year, an uncle in Xiangtan, Hunan Province ate a self-heating hot pot on the bullet train. Because he couldn’t operate it, he tore open the self-heating bag and threw it into the hot pot, causing the pot to boil and explode. The scene was messy. The same mistake as this Xiangtan uncle was made by a citizen of Liaocheng, Shandong Province. On October 28 this year, when he was eating a self-heating hot pot, he also opened the heating bag and poured it into the box to add water. It exploded three minutes later.

　

In September 2019, when Mr. Fang in Shanghai was heating, he was afraid that it was not hot enough after pouring water. He added a lid to the lid of the self-heating hot pot, which exploded and the spilled soup injured his right eye. On March 22, 2017, a Chengdu guy put the hot pot on the glass table while eating the self-heating hot pot at home, and the glass table was blown to pieces.

　

Zeng Qiuwen, a food engineer, once said in an interview with the media that it can be seen from the description of self-heating food packaging that the heating package contains calcium oxide (the main component of quicklime) and aluminum powder, which will release flammable gas hydrogen when it meets water. If the volume concentration of hydrogen in the air is between 4.0% and 75.6%, it will explode even if it meets a little electrostatic spark. "In other words, eating self-heating food in a confined space will be very risky."

　

Self-heating food is "forbidden" by railway aviation in many places

　

Because of frequent safety accidents, many areas began to prohibit or "not recommend" carrying self-heating food in motor trains, high-speed trains and other means of transportation, and successively introduced relevant regulations.

　

On August 1, 2019, the official website of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region published the Regulations on Railway Safety Management in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which clearly stipulated that "it is forbidden to use self-contained heated food that can induce smoke alarm on EMU trains". Once it is violated, the public security organ will order it to make corrections, and the unit will be fined from 10,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, and the individual will be fined from 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan.

　

In Fujian and Sichuan, although it is not explicitly forbidden to take self-heating food by high-speed rail, the two places issued regulations in 2018 and 2019 respectively, which banned the behavior of "smoking or using articles that induce smoke alarm in high-speed railway EMU trains".

　

In addition, the official WeChat of China Railway Corporation mentioned in the article "Taking these things on the train may be confiscated" published in early June 2019 that self-heating food is prone to accidents when it is heated, so it is recommended not to carry it or eat it carefully.

　

On the plane, self-heating food is also an unwelcome food. On August 5, 2019, the Beijing News reporter called the customer service hotline of the Capital Airport. The customer service clearly stated that the self-ignition package in the self-heating food has flammable components and cannot pass the security check. It is also necessary to discard the self-ignition package after consignment. According to media reports, there has always been a warm reminder in airport scanner, Nanning that "according to the air transport standards such as TI and DGR, self-heating food is one of the 4.2 aviation dangerous goods. If there is a chemical reaction on board, it will endanger flight safety."

　

Try to avoid eating in a confined space.

　

In order to avoid risks and protect consumers’ safety, the Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Administration recently published an article on its official WeChat entitled "Pay attention to these six points when eating" self-heating hot pot ",otherwise it will be dangerous".

The Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau reminded that self-heating hot pot should be avoided in a closed or narrow space to prevent hydrogen from being generated during heating, and excessive accumulation will reach the critical point of explosion, causing a deflagration accident.

　

At the same time, the self-heating hot pot should not be placed on the table top which is not resistant to high temperature, so as to avoid the glass from breaking or damaging the table top due to the high temperature at the bottom during heating; Be sure to open the vent hole on the lid of the self-heating fire, and pay attention to observe whether there is gas discharged, so as to avoid explosion accidents caused by excessive pressure in the box; To choose a suitable dining environment, try to put the self-heating hot pot flat before using it, and it is strictly forbidden to tilt it to prevent the hot water containing chemicals from overflowing; Properly dispose of food waste, especially after using the self-heating chafing dish heating bag, it is suggested to cool it before handling it, and it should not be piled up or contacted with water to prevent it from exploding when it meets a fire source.

　

In addition, note that cold water must be added to the self-heating hot pot heating package. "The heat of the self-heating chafing dish comes from quicklime, activated carbon, iron powder, aluminum powder and other components in the heating bag. After contacting with water, the heat released can reach more than 150 degrees Celsius. If hot water is added to the self-heating chafing dish, the heating bag will easily explode, so you can only add cold water to the self-heating chafing dish, and you must completely submerge the heating bag."

　

　

Beijing News reporter Liu Huan

Editor Zhu Fenglan proofreads Xue Jingning.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, April 17 (Shang Qi) "Refused to inspect, did not provide relevant environmental protection materials, and immediately locked the door, did not allow inspectors to leave, and detained law enforcement officers for more than an hour … …”

　　On the evening of 16th, WeChat official account, the official WeChat of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, announced the latest situation of intensified supervision on air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas, in which the news that the staff of the enterprise resisted the supervision and detained law enforcement personnel caused concern.

　　Why did the problem enterprise refuse to check? At present, how is the progress of this intensive supervision? What other issues have been disclosed?

　　How is the "largest scale" operation going?

　　— — 1,621 illegal units were found in 8 days.

　　On April 5, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced that 5,600 environmental law enforcement officers from all over the country would be deployed to carry out one-year intensive supervision on air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding transmission channel "2+26" cities, which was called "the largest-scale action directly organized at the national level in the history of environmental protection".

　　"2+26" cities are Beijing and Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Baoding, Langfang, Cangzhou, Hengshui, Handan and Xingtai in Hebei Province, Taiyuan, Yangquan, Changzhi and Jincheng in Shanxi Province, Jinan, Zibo, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Binzhou, Jining and Heze in Shandong Province, Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Hebi, Anyang and Heze in Henan Province.

　　According to media reports, according to the arrangement, each inspection team has 8 people to carry out on-site inspections in the above cities, rotating once every two weeks, and each city arranges 25 rounds throughout the year. On the evening of April 7, all 224 people who participated in the first round of intensive supervision of air pollution prevention and control were in place, and they docked with the inspected cities to officially start on-site supervision.

　　In the past few days, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has reported the intensified supervision on its official website, Weibo and WeChat WeChat official account. According to the statistics of Zhongxin. com reporters, from April 8 to 15, 28 inspection teams inspected 2,301 enterprises (construction sites) and found that 1,621 units violated laws and regulations, accounting for about 70% of the total number of inspections.

　　— — Investigation of Local Public Security and Environmental Protection Departments in Shandong Province

　　It is worth noting that in the inspection situation notified by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on the evening of the 16th, the news that an enterprise resisted the inspection and detained law enforcement officers attracted attention.

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection reported that on the morning of April 16th, when the 15th inspection team of the Ministry of Environmental Protection inspected Shandong Lvjie Environmental Protection and Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. in Zhonggong Town, Licheng District, Jinan City, it was found that the coal-fired hand-fired furnace in the workshop of this enterprise was not included in the elimination list of local small coal-fired boilers, and there was no dust and waste gas collection and disposal device in the electric welding production section, with relatively high noise in the workshop and heavy dust on the ground.

　　Wang, the person in charge of the enterprise, rushed to the scene, and the inspection team and law enforcement officers of the local environmental protection department showed him the law enforcement documents. Wang said that there was something wrong with the documents, refused to check, did not provide relevant environmental protection materials, and immediately locked the door, did not allow inspectors to leave, and detained law enforcement officers for more than an hour. During the period, the inspectors communicated many times to show their identity, but they were still blocked. It was not until the public security organs arrived that they were able to leave.

　　At present, the local public security and environmental protection departments are investigating and handling this incident.

　　What other issues have been disclosed?

　　— — The problem of "scattered pollution" is outstanding, and the glass enterprise is named.

　　Judging from the recent inspection, the environmental pollution problem of "scattered pollution" enterprises is more common.

　　According to the "Work Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and Surrounding Areas in 2017" issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding "2+26" cities will complete the investigation of "scattered pollution" enterprises before the end of March 2017, and determine the list of "scattered pollution" clean-up enterprises.

　　Among them, the investigation of "scattered pollution" enterprises in some cities is not thorough. The inspection team found that 58 enterprises in Shijiazhuang, 39 enterprises in Xingtai and 33 enterprises in Liaocheng were not on the list.

　　According to the statistics of reporters from Zhongxin. com, from April 8 to 15, the inspection team found a total of 259 illegal enterprises that were "scattered and polluted".

　　In addition, the Ministry of Environmental Protection also named some enterprises in the glass industry, believing that they have outstanding environmental problems.

　　For example, Hebei Nanbo Glass Co., Ltd., Yongqing County, Langfang City, Hebei Province, can interfere with the automatic monitoring data by modifying the parameter test on site and modifying the upper limit of the range, so that it is less than the upper limit of the range, which is suspected of interfering with the automatic monitoring facilities;

　　For another example, Shandong Heishan Glass Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Baoxiang Glass Co., Ltd. and Shandong Hongda Glass Products Co., Ltd. in Zibo, Shandong Province, use gas generators as fuel gas sources, and so on. (End)