Cartography: Andy

　　Core reading

　　In July, the national economy was generally stable and the transformation and upgrading were solidly promoted. Domestic demand continues to expand, industrial upgrading continues, employment prices are generally stable, the momentum of innovation and green development is improving, and people’s livelihood security is strong and effective. Despite the pressure and challenges, there are many favorable conditions for sustained economic recovery and high-quality development. In the second half of the year, the economy is expected to maintain a stable operation and the quality of development will continue to improve.

　　"In July, the national economy continued to recover, production demand was basically stable, employment prices were generally stable, and the quality of development was steadily improved." On August 15th, Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the press conference of the State Council Office.

　　At the press conference, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that it will increase the release of service retail sales data from this month. Retail sales of services include retail sales of service activities in transportation, accommodation, catering, education, health, sports, entertainment and other fields. In the first seven months, the retail sales of services increased by 20.3% year-on-year.

　　Although the growth rate of some indicators has slowed down, the overall national economy continues to improve.

　　In the first half of the year, China’s economy continued to recover and the overall recovery was good. In July, the national economy was generally stable, and the transformation and upgrading were solidly promoted.

　　Domestic demand continues to expand. In the first seven months, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 7.3% year-on-year; Retail sales of services increased by 20.3% year-on-year; The national investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 3.4% year-on-year.

　　The trend of industrial upgrading continues. In the first seven months, investment in high-tech industries increased by 11.5% year-on-year, which was significantly faster than the growth rate of all investment; The added value of equipment manufacturing industry increased by 6.1% year-on-year, which continued to be faster than all industries above designated size; The production index of information transmission, software and information technology service industry increased by 11.9% year-on-year, and the development of modern service industry improved.

　　Employment prices are generally stable. In July, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.3%, 0.1 percentage point lower than that of the same period last year. In July, CPI decreased by 0.3% year-on-year due to the high base in the same period of last year, but increased by 0.2% quarter-on-quarter, the first increase in five months; The core CPI excluding food and energy increased by 0.8% year-on-year, with an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous month.

　　In response to the employment situation of young people concerned by the society, Fu Linghui said that since the beginning of this year, all localities have done everything possible to promote the employment of college graduates, and 198,000 offline campus recruitment activities have been held. According to the information of the education department, the employment situation of college graduates is generally stable, and the rate of implementation and the number of implementation have increased slightly compared with the same period of last year.

　　The momentum of innovation and green development is improving. In the first seven months, investment in scientific research and technical service industry increased by 23.1% year-on-year, investment in science and technology continued to increase, and the momentum of innovation-driven development continued to increase. In July, the output of new energy vehicles and solar cells increased by 24.9% and 65.1% respectively, the green and low-carbon transformation continued to deepen, and new energy products grew rapidly.

　　People’s livelihood security is strong and effective. In the first seven months, raw coal production increased by 3.6% year-on-year, and power generation increased by 3.8%. In July, the grain price dropped by 0.2 percentage points compared with the previous month, and the prices of fresh vegetables, pigs, beef and mutton all dropped.

　　"In July, although the growth rate of some indicators slowed down, the overall national economy continued to improve." Fu Linghui said.

　　Industrial upgrading continues to advance, new kinetic energy accumulates and grows, and industrial operation is expected to remain generally stable.

　　In July, the national industrial producer’s ex-factory price (PPI) decreased by 4.4% year-on-year, which was 1 percentage point lower than that of the previous month, narrowing the decline for the first time this year. PPI decreased by 0.2% month-on-month, and the decline was 0.6 percentage points narrower than that of last month.

　　"The narrowing of PPI year-on-year decline is conducive to the improvement of corporate revenue and the recovery of industrial production." Fu Linghui said. In July, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 3.7% year on year.

　　Judging from the industrial operation, there are four main characteristics of industrial production in July.

　　The development of high-end manufacturing and intelligent product manufacturing is generally good. With the extension of the industry to the high end, the high-end manufacturing industry represented by aerospace has grown rapidly. In July, the added value of aerospace and equipment manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 11.2% year-on-year. The expansion of residents’ demand for smart consumer products has driven the growth of related industries. In July, the added value of smart consumer equipment manufacturing increased by 15.3% year-on-year.

　　The development of new energy-related industries is improving, and new energy vehicles, photovoltaic cells and other products are growing rapidly, and the driving force for upstream and downstream industries is also increasing. In July, the output of charging piles increased by 26.6%; The output of ultra-white glass products for solar energy industry increased by 52.3%.

　　Production in the raw materials industry has accelerated. With the strengthening of terminal demand, the added value of raw material manufacturing industry increased by 8.8% year-on-year in July, 2 percentage points faster than last month. Among them, the added value of steel and oil and coal processing industries increased by 15.6% and 14.8% respectively.

　　"In the next stage, despite the market demand constraints, with the economic recovery, industrial upgrading continues to advance, new kinetic energy accumulates and grows, and industrial operation is expected to remain generally stable." Fu Linghui said.

　　With the enhancement of economic endogenous power and macro-policy control, the economy is expected to continue to recover.

　　Looking at the world, the world economy is still facing downward pressure. Looking at China, economic recovery still faces constraints such as insufficient demand, structural contradictions and cyclical problems.

　　"However, China’s domestic market has great potential, strong industrial base and wide development space, and its long-term positive fundamentals have not changed." Fu Linghui said that with the strengthening of economic endogenous power and macro-policy regulation, the economy is expected to continue to recover.

　　Domestic demand pulls on — —

　　From the perspective of consumption, the recovery of the consumer market is still going on.

　　Service consumption grew rapidly. Driven by summer travel, service consumption grew rapidly. In July, business passenger traffic increased by 47% year-on-year, and catering revenue increased by 15.8%.

　　Cultural and entertainment consumption continued to expand. In July, the box office revenue of national movies increased by 111% month-on-month, and entertainment activities such as cultural and sports performances increased significantly, driving consumption growth.

　　Online retailing continues to be active. In the first seven months, the online retail sales of physical goods nationwide increased by 10% year-on-year, accounting for 26.4% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, and contributing 35% to the growth of total retail sales of consumer goods in the same period.

　　Retail sales of physical stores grew steadily. With the increase of offline consumption activities, in the first seven months, the retail sales of limited physical stores increased by 4.2% year-on-year.

　　"In the next stage, with the economic recovery, the improvement of residents’ employment, the increase of income and the effective consumption promotion policy, consumption is expected to continue to expand." Fu Linghui said that from the observation of big data, tourism consumption is expected to continue to pick up, and related consumption such as electronic products and household consumption is expected to gradually improve.

　　From the perspective of investment, investment in manufacturing and infrastructure is expected to continue to grow, helping the stable economic development.

　　In the first seven months, although investment in real estate development decreased by 8.5%, investment in infrastructure increased by 6.8% and investment in manufacturing increased by 5.7% year-on-year, which supported the expansion of investment in fixed assets.

　　Fu Linghui said that with the development of industrial upgrading and the enhancement of innovation drive, investment in manufacturing and infrastructure is expected to continue to grow, contributing to stable economic development.

　　The external environment is expected to improve — —

　　Look at the demand. "Since July, the global inflation level has dropped significantly, interest rate hikes in major economies may come to an end, the turmoil in global financial markets has eased, and the global economy may be better than expected." Fu Linghui said that this has created favorable conditions for the stable development of China’s foreign trade.

　　Look at the supply. China’s industrial system is complete, the supporting facilities are relatively perfect, and the competitiveness of goods export in the international market is strong. Since the beginning of this year, the share of China’s exports in the international market has remained basically stable, and foreign trade has shown strong resilience.

　　At the same time, China continued to diversify its trading partners. In the first seven months, the import and export of countries along the Belt and Road increased by 7.4% year-on-year, faster than the growth rate of all imports and exports. Fu Linghui said that in the second half of the year, China’s exports are expected to remain basically stable as the policy effect of stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade continues to emerge.

　　The macro-policy effect is gradually emerging — —

　　Since the beginning of this year, focusing on the key issues in economic operation, various departments have successively introduced policies to promote the consumption of home, electronic products and new energy vehicles, and introduced policies to accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure and promote private investment to expand investment.

　　"Recently, relevant departments are actively planning to implement a reserve policy to promote economic recovery." Fu Linghui said that the effects of these policies have gradually emerged, which will help promote economic recovery.

　　"On the whole, despite the pressures and challenges, there are many favorable conditions for sustained economic recovery and support for high-quality development. In the second half of the year, the economy is expected to maintain a stable operation and the quality of development will continue to improve." Fu Linghui said.

　　Our reporter Fang Liang Yang Zhonghou reported that on April 24th, the provincial conference on spiritual civilization construction and the mobilization meeting for building a national civilized city were held in Shenyang. The meeting made arrangements for the construction of spiritual civilization in the province and the creation of a national civilized city this year, emphasizing the need to thoroughly implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, firmly grasp the essential requirements of Chinese modernization, closely follow the main line of studying, propagating and implementing the spirit of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and extensively practice socialist core values around the mission and tasks of raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, educating new people, revitalizing culture and displaying images. We will promote the cultivation, practice and creation of civilization as a whole, accelerate the improvement of urban civilization level, and provide strong ideological guarantee, strong spiritual strength and rich moral nourishment for the success of the first battle of the three-year action of comprehensively revitalizing the new breakthrough and promoting the practice of Chinese modernization in Liaoning. Hao Peng, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. Li Lecheng, Deputy Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Governor, presided over the meeting.

　　Hao Peng pointed out that in the past year, the whole province focused on welcoming, publicizing and implementing the main line of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, closely linked to the overall situation of Liaoning’s revitalization and development, rallied and made great efforts, the Party’s innovative theory was more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the mainstream ideological public opinion was further consolidated and expanded, the socialist core values were widely promoted, the cultural soft power was continuously enhanced, the spiritual civilization construction was solidly promoted, and all the work was fruitful, which effectively promoted the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

　　Hao Peng emphasized that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. The important exposition of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization has scientifically answered a series of directional, fundamental and strategic major issues in the construction of spiritual civilization in the new era, which is the fundamental follow-up to guide us to do a good job. The whole province should stand on the strategic height of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation, fully understand the significance of spiritual civilization construction, thoroughly study and implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on socialist spiritual civilization construction, and comprehensively implement the important instructions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on spiritual civilization construction during his inspection in Liaoning, so as to continuously improve the people’s ideological consciousness, moral standards, civilization accomplishment and the level of civilization of the whole society with greater efforts, more practical measures and better work style, and strive to open up a new situation in Liaoning’s spiritual civilization construction in the new era.

　　Hao Peng emphasized that the province’s spiritual civilization construction front should focus on achieving new breakthroughs in all-round revitalization, closely follow the mission and tasks, identify the starting point, combining point and launching point of the work, and inspire vigor and inject positive energy to achieve success in the first battle of the three-year action. We should persist in using the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to build a soul, combine the theme education, raise the upsurge of learning, thinking and practicing in an all-round way, consolidate the ideological and theoretical foundation of firmly defending the "two establishment" and resolutely achieving the "two maintenance", consciously become a firm believer, an active disseminator and a loyal practitioner of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and effectively turn the learning gains into political ability, practical actions and work results. It is necessary to unite the powerful spiritual force to promote the new breakthrough of Liaoning’s comprehensive revitalization, fully demonstrate the lofty aspirations and grand scenes of winning the "Liaoshen Campaign" in the new era, further boost the entrepreneurial spirit of the directors, consolidate and expand the mainstream ideological public opinion of Liaoning’s revitalization and development, firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work, and continuously improve the expectations of the outside world for Liaoning. It is necessary to continuously improve people’s civilization quality and social civilization level, continuously strengthen education guidance, practice cultivation and system guarantee, carry out civic moral construction projects in depth, actively cultivate and carry forward the new trend of the times, comprehensively promote the civilized practice of the new era, inherit and carry forward the spirit of Lei Feng, and promote the high-quality development of volunteer service.

　　Hao Peng emphasized that the national civilized city is the highest honor to evaluate the overall civilization level of the city. Creating a civilized city is an important carrier of spiritual civilization construction and a "golden signboard" of the business environment. It is necessary to benchmark the advanced, catch up and surpass, constantly improve the quality and efficiency of work, and win the tough battle to create a national civilized city. First, we should pay more attention to taking the people as the center, firmly establish a correct view of political achievements, always adhere to "creating for the people", "creating for the people" and "creating for the people", guide the masses to enhance their sense of ownership, fully mobilize the initiative and creativity of the masses to participate consciously, solve the problems of the people’s urgent difficulties and anxieties with their hearts and feelings, and let the people feel happy, so that civilized cities can be built into people’s livelihood projects that benefit the masses and close the relationship between cadres and the masses. Second, we should pay more attention to improving governance efficiency, make "embroidery efforts" and improve the level of refined governance; Make good use of scientific and technological strength to improve the level of intelligent governance; Promote the shift of social governance and service focus to the grassroots level, and open up the "last mile" of urban grassroots governance. Third, we should pay more attention to strengthening the awareness of the rule of law, use the means of the rule of law to rectify unethical and untrustworthy behaviors, further improve the temperature and level of law enforcement, continuously optimize the government environment, and improve the service level of all walks of life, especially the window industry. Fourth, we should pay more attention to highlighting cultural characteristics, and persist in casting the soul with literature, prospering the city with literature, and educating people.Let the positive energy of civilization fill every corner of the city, make the city more cultural, rich in cultural heritage and cultural features, turn cultural soft power into a hard support to help the city develop, and add color to the creation of a civilized city. Fifth, we should pay more attention to the overall promotion, strengthen the concept of system, strengthen the overall planning of work, the main leaders personally grasp, the Chuangcheng Office takes the lead, and the member units work together to play a good game of chess and fight a good "overall war." Sixth, we should pay more attention to normalization creation, adhere to normalization management, form normalization mechanism, and do well normalization activities. We should not only fight the "tough battle" of creation, but also fight the "protracted war" of creation, ensure the high quality of results with the high quality of process, and strive to achieve tangible results.

　　Hao Peng stressed that it is necessary to tighten the responsibility and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of spiritual civilization. Party committees at all levels, as the main body of responsibility, should put spiritual civilization construction in a more important position, improve the leadership system and working mechanism of unified leadership of party committees, joint management of the party and government, organization and coordination of the Civilization Committee, respective responsibilities of relevant departments and active participation of the whole society, and ensure that all tasks are implemented with high quality and high level. Civilization committees at all levels should dare to take responsibility and take the lead, and play a good role in overall planning and coordination. All relevant departments and units at all levels should perform their duties and responsibilities to ensure that spiritual civilization construction continues to achieve new results and create a new situation.

　　Liu Huiyan, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, conveyed the spirit of the meeting. Provincial leaders Gong Fuqing, Guo Caiyun, Yu Gongbin and Yang Zhonglin attended the meeting at the main venue. The meeting was held in the form of video and telephone conference, and each city set up sub-meeting places. Yingkou, Liaoyang, Zhuanghe, Dalian, and the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development made exchange speeches.

Titanium media note:This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account Eight-Point News (ID: Health Insight), written by | Yan Yucheng, Xi Xiangyu, edited by | Chen Xin, published by Titanium Media with authorization.

On October 26th, the inhalation COVID-19 vaccine was officially launched in Shanghai as a booster shot. Citizens who only received two shots can choose to use the recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation (adenovirus type 5 vector) for the third shot.

On the day of vaccination in Shanghai, all districts released news that can be reserved. After visiting Jianwen at 8 o’clock, it was found that in some inoculation sites, many people called to consult the inhalation vaccine, but not many people actually vaccinated, and many people were still on the sidelines.

Among many experts interviewed by Jian Wen at 8: 00, there is a view that inhaled COVID-19 vaccine has relatively lower side effects, less pain of getting a shot, and is more friendly to the people.

There is also a view that inhalation vaccine, like other vaccines in China, can’t effectively deal with the mysterious Kerong mutant with stronger escape. "It’s just a vaccine with different technical routes, which evokes some people’s freshness."

The experts interviewed generally believe that the effect of inhaled COVID-19 vaccine can only be conservative and optimistic. Because of the lack of clinical data, it may be feasible as an emergency short-term plan with quick effect, but its long-term effect needs further observation. In addition, it is a pity that children, as the most vulnerable group in need of protection, have not been included in the vaccination plan.

Just inhale the fog in the "milk tea cup" and hold your breath for 5 seconds to complete the inoculation.

When the medical staff presses the button, an air atomizing device atomizes 0.1 ml of vaccine (1/5 of the dose of traditional intramuscular vaccine) into very small particles and pours them into an atomizing cup shaped like a "milk tea cup". The vaccinator takes a deep breath first, then holds the nozzle of the atomizing cup in his mouth, takes a deep breath until there is no fog in the cup, and then holds his breath for at least 5 seconds.

Because of the low concentration of sucrose added into the vaccine adjuvant, it is used to improve the stability of adenovirus vector. After vaccination, many people said that inhalation vaccine has a little sweetness.

This inhaled COVID-19 vaccine was produced by Kangxinuo Bio-Co., Ltd. Before that, it was only used in individual emergency situations. This time, Kangxinuo inhaled COVID-19 vaccine was launched in Shanghai to boost immunization, which is the second large-scale application at the city level since it was approved as an booster for emergency use on September 4th.

What was the vaccination situation on the first day of operation? At 8: 00, Jianwen called several inhalation COVID-19 vaccination sites, among which the staff of a community health service center in Pudong said that today (26th), 4 or 5 people were vaccinated with inhalation COVID-19 vaccine, and more than 20 people were vaccinated with other types of COVID-19 vaccine.

The staff said that there were many people who called to consult the inhalation vaccine, but not many people actually came to fight. Many people are still on the sidelines, asking mostly about the side effects of the vaccine and whether it can be used as basic immunization (the first and second injections). As it is the first day of vaccination, it is not clear whether inhalation vaccine can greatly promote the amount of booster shots.

At eight o’clock, Jianwen called another inoculation point as an vaccinator and asked if it was necessary to queue up. The staff said, "If you don’t queue up, it’s the third dose. Where are so many people?"

According to the news released by Shanghai, there are 25 inhalation COVID-19 vaccination sites in the first batch, and subsequent districts will increase or decrease the number of vaccination sites according to the actual situation. People can make an appointment to get inhaled COVID-19 vaccine on Shanghai Health Cloud. Most of these vaccination sites only provide inhalation COVID-19 vaccination service at a specific time period on one day of the week.

Among the many inhalation COVID-19 vaccination sites called for consultation, one vaccination site indicated that it was necessary to make an appointment in Health Cloud first, and only provided vaccination from 2: 00 pm to 4: 00 pm on Monday. At 8: 00, Jianwen visited three inoculation sites randomly. Two inoculation sites did not provide inhalation COVID-19 vaccination service, and the other was not at inhalation COVID-19 vaccination time.

At present, only the inhaled COVID-19 vaccine of Kangxinuo can be used for booster injection (the third injection), and the vaccination population is limited to those aged 18 and above who have completed basic immunization for 6 months.

In fact, this is not the first time that inhaled COVID-19 vaccine has been used on a large scale at the city level.

According to Xinjiang Daily, Urumqi has recently carried out inhalation COVID-19 vaccination for the key population over 18 years old who have completed intensive immunization for six months, and it has also been designated as the second dose of booster shot for specific population, which is the so-called "fourth shot".

Weibo’s account "Miao He, Xinjiang", certified as "Deputy Director of the Tourism Bureau of Bazhou, Xinjiang", said on the personal Weibo that some areas in Xinjiang have started to inoculate the fourth dose of vaccine, also using Kangxinuo’s inhalation vaccine.

In Bazhou, a month ago, the local hospital received the training of inhalation vaccine, and the staff of vaccine company introduced the advantages of inhalation vaccine to the staff of medical and health institutions and trained them in related operations.

In response to the media, Kangxinuo said: The company did provide inhaled COVID-19 vaccine to Xinjiang, and whether it was used for the fourth dose of vaccination, the company did not know.

In March 2022, the World Health Organization issued an interim statement on COVID-19 vaccine. The statement pointed out that it is hoped that the future COVID-19 vaccine will not only prevent severe illness and death, but also prevent infection and transmission, and stressed that the vaccine that can cause mucosal immunity is a more ideal choice.

According to Nature, there are about 100 mucosal COVID-19 vaccines under development around the world. About 20 of them have been clinically tested in humans, and at least 4 of them have completed or are in the process of phase III research.

As described by many experts, inhaled COVID-19 vaccine simulates the process of natural infection and can quickly activate immune cells in the nose and respiratory mucosa of the vaccinated person. According to an article by news topic in Nature on September 6th, these local cells "act as sentries of infected sites" and "they can take action faster."

On the mucosa, these immune cells will produce a kind of immunoglobulin A (IgA) called secretory immunoglobulin. If you have an impression on some news reports in the early days of COVID-19 epidemic, you may still remember that you used to distinguish whether a person had been infected with COVID-19, and the main observation was IgG and IgM antibodies in his body.

IgM means that this person may be in acute infection period, while IgG means that this person may be in late infection period or have previous infection. Similarly, these two indicators are often used to evaluate the antibody level in a person after vaccination with inactivated vaccine.

In this process, IgA is an antibody index that is not paid much attention to. It exists in both blood and mucosa, so it is difficult to evaluate its true level in human body. Moreover, because of its rapid regression, people basically don’t expect IgA to help the human body resist infection for a long time.

Today, in the case that almost all intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines are poor in anti-infection, the adenovirus vector vaccine with outstanding mucosal immune effect has become the "new favorite" and has become the current anti-epidemic vanguard.

Perhaps IgA, the once neglected "youngest son", can also become a new hope for the vaccine family?

On September 16th, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study, which provided a scientific basis for IgA antibody to prevent Omicron mutant infection.

After screening 338 medical workers who had been vaccinated with three doses of vaccine, it was found that a high level of mucosal IgA antibody could reduce the risk of Omicron infection by more than half. Dr Charlotte, the first author of the paper, said: It is not surprising that antibodies in the respiratory tract neutralize the virus locally, but these findings show for the first time that mucosal antibodies in the respiratory tract can actually prevent Omicron infection.

Many experts told 8: 00 Health News that they were conservatively optimistic about the effect of inhaled COVID-19 vaccine. If it is a short-term solution for emergency use, inhalation vaccine may have certain effect based on theory and some scientific evidence at present.

On the other hand, virologist Chang Rongshan believes that the side effects of inhalation vaccine are relatively low. Inoculators may be less prone to discomfort symptoms such as fever and fatigue, and the pain of getting a needle is less. Therefore, inhalation vaccine is more friendly than injection vaccine and may increase its appeal.

According to a grass-roots CDC worker who has experienced the workflow of Kangxinuo inhaled COVID-19 vaccine, the atomization equipment corresponding to this vaccine is relatively simple to operate, and the staff’s experience is relatively easy, which may even be lower than that of injectable vaccine. "We tried it with saline without vaccine, and there is no inhalation burden in our subjective feelings."

Behind the expectation, there are also hidden concerns.

Many experts pointed out that it may be difficult to ensure the long-term effect after vaccination because IgA antibody fades too fast and the level of neutralizing antibody evoked by inhalation vaccine in vivo is not high enough, which still needs some observation and real world data in the future.

Up to now, Kangxinuo Bio has not released the phase III clinical trial data of this inhaled COVID-19 vaccine.

In fact, the effect of mucosal immunity is difficult to measure, and there are only data from animal experiments. Tao Lina, an expert in vaccine science, said that the academic community has not reached a consensus on the quantitative determination method of mucosal immunity, involving many indicators, and how to sample is also a problem.

"Inhaled vaccines have long been used in influenza prevention, but injectable vaccines are still the mainstream because inhaled vaccines have some shortcomings." Chang Rongshan told Jian Wen at eight o’clock.

However, returning to the technical route of adenovirus vector, its immunogenicity is really not ideal — — Although it is better than inactivated vaccine, it is not as good as mRNA vaccine.

Zou Yebin, a popular science author, pointed out that the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccine is the lowest among COVID-19 vaccines used on a large scale at present, and it is only much higher than the lowest vaccine. Does it mean that the final immune protection is sufficient?

Zou Yebin said that with reference to the statistical results of neutralizing antibodies in BA.1 in Omicron, there are still many people whose neutralizing antibodies are below the detection limit after inoculation with different dosage forms of adenovirus vaccine and Zhifei booster needle. "This is BA.1, and now the mainstream Omikrongya strain may be more troublesome. “

What’s more troublesome is that COVID-19 vaccine, an adenovirus vector of Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca abroad, was reported earlier, which may lead to rare but serious adverse reactions — — Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia induced by vaccine. This will lead to blood clots in the very few "unlucky" vaccinators.

However, at eight o’clock, Jian Wen noticed that there is no authoritative information to report the case of thrombosis caused by Kangxinuo’s adenovirus vector vaccine.

Kangxinuo previously issued a statement saying that the vector used is adenovirus type 5, which is different from Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. At the press conference of joint prevention and control in the State Council on April 21st, 2021, National Health Commission also said that there was no report of thrombosis caused by inoculation of domestic Kangxinuo adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine, and the drug supervision department will continue to monitor it.

The last question is how inhalation vaccine can protect the most vulnerable people. At present, the use of this vaccine in Shanghai is restricted to people over the age of 18, but children, the elderly and people with insufficient lung capacity cannot inhale it well.

At the moment when new mutants are rampant, children are also one of the people who need protection most.

Jin Dongyan, an expert in virology at the University of Hong Kong, stressed that the experience of other overseas countries suggests that there are more and more concerns about the serious illness and death of a very small number of children infected with the mysterious Crohn, and children play an important role in the community transmission chain. However, if inhaled COVID-19 vaccine is used as the front line to prevent infection, but it does not protect children, it may become a hidden danger in the future.

According to Science and Technology Daily, Zhu Tao, chief scientific officer of Kangxinuo Biology, said that the use of inhalation vaccine can be easily mastered by children over 6 years old. Kangxinuo has plans to apply to the relevant departments for the inclusion of inhaled vaccines in the strengthening program for people aged 6-17, but the timetable has not yet been determined.