Core reading guide

　　 On May 22nd, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health and Wellness in China in 2018. According to the Bulletin, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents has increased from 76.7 years in 2017 to 77 years in 2018, the maternal mortality rate has dropped from 19.6/100,000 to 18.3/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has dropped from 6.8‰ Down to 6.1‰ .

　　 According to the Bulletin, in 2018, the total number of outpatients nationwide increased by 130 million person-times or 1.6% over the previous year. The average number of visits by residents increased from 5.9 in 2017 to 6.0. The total number of hospitalizations nationwide increased by 4.2% over the previous year. The annual hospitalization rate increased from 17.6% in 2017 to 18.2%. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population increased from 5.72 in 2017 to 6.03. By the end of 2018, the total number of medical and health institutions nationwide reached 997,434, an increase of 10,785 over the previous year. In addition, in 2018, private hospitals accounted for 63.5% of the total number of hospitals, an increase of 3.1 percentage points over the previous year. The proportion of outpatients and inpatients in private hospitals increased from 14.2% and 17.6% in 2017 to 14.8% and 18.3% respectively. By the end of 2018, the total number of health workers in the country reached 12.3 million, an increase of 551,000 (an increase of 4.7%) over the previous year.

　　 It is worth noting that in 2018, the outpatient service of township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) increased by 2.1% compared with the previous year, accounting for 23.1% of the total outpatient service in the country. By the end of 2018, there were 622,000 village clinics in 542,000 administrative villages nationwide. The number of village clinics reached 1.441 million, with an average of 2.32 per village clinic. At the same time, the average cost increase of public hospitals has been controlled within 4% for three consecutive years. In 2018, the average outpatient expenses and per capita hospitalization expenses of public hospitals increased by 3.7% and 2.2% respectively over the previous year, which was lower than the average increase of 1.0 percentage points and 0.2 percentage points of hospitals, and lower than the increase of per capita disposable income of urban residents (5.6%) and per capita net income of rural residents (6.6%) in 2018.

　　 According to preliminary calculations, the proportion of personal health expenditure in the total health expenditure in 2018 decreased by 0.04 percentage points compared with the previous year, and the proportion of total health expenditure in GDP increased by 0.03 percentage points compared with 2017. In terms of health manpower structure, at the end of 2018, there were 2.59 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.94 registered nurses per 1,000 population, an increase of 0.15 and 0.20 respectively over the previous year. The educational level of health technicians has been further improved, accounting for 36.5% of the total, up 2.5 percentage points over the previous year; Senior technical positions (employment) accounted for 8.1%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year.

　　 According to the Bulletin, the population born in 2018 was 15.23 million, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%.

　　 The full text of the document is as follows:

　　 2018 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The national health system resolutely implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, makes every effort to promote the construction of a healthy China, continues to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, continuously enhances the capabilities of disease prevention and control and medical services, steadily advances the work of population development, maternal and child health and healthy aging, strengthens the service of traditional Chinese medicine, continuously improves the comprehensive supervision level, and continuously improves the health level of urban and rural residents. The average life expectancy of residents has increased from 76.7 years in 2017 to 77.0 years in 2018, the maternal mortality rate has decreased from 19.6/100,000 to 18.3/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has decreased from 6.8‰ Down to 6.1‰ .

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　　 I. Health resources

　　 (1) The total number of medical and health institutions. By the end of 2018, the total number of medical and health institutions nationwide reached 997,434, an increase of 10,785 over the previous year. Among them, there are 33,009 hospitals, 943,639 primary medical and health institutions and 18,034 professional public health institutions. Compared with the previous year, there were 1,953 hospitals, 10,615 primary medical and health institutions and 1,862 professional public health institutions.

　　 Among hospitals, there are 12,032 public hospitals and 20,977 private hospitals. Hospitals are classified into 2,548 tertiary hospitals (including 1,442 tertiary hospitals), 9,017 secondary hospitals, 10,831 first-class hospitals and 10,613 unrated hospitals. According to the number of beds, there are 20054 hospitals with less than 100 beds, 4786 hospitals with 100-199 beds, 4437 hospitals with 200-499 beds, 1858 hospitals with 500-799 beds and 1874 hospitals with 800 beds or more.

　　 Among the primary medical and health institutions, there are 34,997 community health service centers (stations), 36,461 township health centers, 228,019 clinics and clinics and 622,001 village clinics. The government runs 121,918 primary medical and health institutions.

　　 Among professional public health institutions, there are 3,443 centers for disease prevention and control, including 31 at the provincial level, 417 at the city (prefecture) level and 2,758 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 2949 health supervision institutions, including 29 at the provincial level, 392 at the city (prefecture) level and 2515 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 3080 maternal and child health care institutions, including 26 at the provincial level, 381 at the city (prefecture) level and 2571 at the county (district, county-level city) level.

　　 (2) Number of beds. By the end of 2018, there were 8.404 million beds in medical and health institutions nationwide, including 6.52 million beds in hospitals (accounting for 77.6%) and 1.584 million beds in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 18.8%). In hospitals, public hospital beds account for 73.7% and private hospital beds account for 26.3%. Compared with the previous year, the number of beds increased by 464,000, including 399,000 beds in hospitals and 55,000 beds in primary medical and health institutions. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population increased from 5.72 in 2017 to 6.03 in 2018.

　　 (3) Total number of health personnel. By the end of 2018, the total number of health workers in the country reached 12.3 million, an increase of 551,000 (an increase of 4.7%) over the previous year.

　　 At the end of 2018, among the total number of health workers, there were 9.529 million health technicians, 907,000 rural doctors and health workers, 477,000 other technicians, 529,000 managers and 858,000 workers and technicians. Among the health technicians, there are 3.607 million licensed (assistant) doctors and 4.099 million registered nurses. Compared with the previous year, the number of health technicians increased by 541,000 (an increase of 6.0%) (see Table 2).

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 7.375 million people in hospitals (accounting for 60.0%), 3.965 million people in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 32.2%) and 883,000 people in professional public health institutions (accounting for 7.2%) (see Table 3).

　　 At the end of 2018, the academic structure of health technicians: undergraduate and above accounted for 34.6%, junior college accounted for 37.8%, technical secondary school accounted for 22.3%, and high school and below accounted for 5.4%; Technical post (employment) structure: senior (director and deputy director level) accounts for 8.0%, intermediate (attending and supervisor) accounts for 19.9%, junior (division and bachelor level) accounts for 61.1%, and pending employment accounts for 10.9%.

　　 In 2018, there were 2.59 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.94 registered nurses per 1,000 population; There are 2.22 general practitioners per 10,000 population and 6.34 professional public health institutions per 10,000 population.

　　 Note: The number of health workers and health technicians, including civil servants, who have obtained the "certificate of health supervisor". The following table is the same.

　　 (4) Total health expenditure. In 2018, the total national health expenditure is estimated to reach 5,799.83 billion yuan, including 1,639.07 billion yuan (accounting for 28.3%) for government health, 2,494.47 billion yuan (accounting for 4.3%) for social health and 1,666.29 billion yuan (accounting for 28.7%) for personal health. The per capita total health expenditure is 4,148.1 yuan, and the total health expenditure accounts for 6.4% of GDP (see Table 4).

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　　 Second, medical services

　　 (1) Outpatient service and hospitalization. In 2018, the total number of medical consultations in medical and health institutions nationwide reached 8.31 billion, an increase of 130 million (1.6%) over the previous year. In 2018, residents visited medical and health institutions for an average of 6.0 times.

　　 In 2018, there were 3.58 billion person-times in hospitals (accounting for 43.1%), 4.41 billion person-times in primary health care institutions (accounting for 53.1%) and 320 million person-times in other medical institutions (accounting for 3.9%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital visits increased by 140 million, and the number of primary medical and health institutions decreased by 20 million.

　　 In 2018, there were 3.05 billion person-times in public hospitals (accounting for 85.2% of the total number of hospitals) and 530 million person-times in private hospitals (accounting for 14.8% of the total number of hospitals) (see Table 5).

　　 In 2018, the number of outpatients in township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) reached 1.92 billion, an increase of 40 million over the previous year. Outpatients in township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) accounted for 23.1% of the total outpatient service, and the proportion increased by 0.1 percentage points over the previous year.

　　 In 2018, there were 254.53 million people admitted to medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 10.17 million people (up 4.2%) over the previous year, and the annual hospitalization rate was 18.2%.

　　 In 2018, there were 200.17 million people in hospitals (accounting for 78.6%), 43.75 million people in primary health care institutions (accounting for 17.2%) and 10.61 million people in other medical institutions (accounting for 4.2%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital admissions increased by 10.17 million, the number of primary medical and health institutions decreased by 750,000, and the number of other medical institutions decreased by 100,000.

　　 In 2018, there were 163.51 million people admitted to public hospitals (accounting for 81.7% of the total number of hospitals) and 36.66 million people admitted to private hospitals (accounting for 18.3% of the total number of hospitals) (see Table 5).

　　 (2) The workload of hospital doctors. In 2018, hospital doctors were responsible for 7.0 person-times of medical treatment and 2.5 bed days of hospitalization, among which, doctors in public hospitals were responsible for 7.5 person-times of medical treatment and 2.6 bed days of hospitalization. The average daily workload of hospital doctors decreased slightly compared with the previous year (see Table 6).

　　 (3) use of hospital beds. In 2018, the utilization rate of hospital beds in China was 84.2%, including 91.1% in public hospitals. Compared with the previous year, the utilization rate of hospital beds decreased by 0.8 percentage points (including 0.2 percentage points in public hospitals). In 2018, the average length of stay of hospital discharged patients was 9.3 days (including 9.3 days in public hospitals), and the average length of stay of hospital discharged patients was the same as that of the previous year (see Table 7).

　　 (4) improving medical services. By the end of 2018, among secondary and above public hospitals, 45.4% had made appointment for diagnosis and treatment, 90.8% had carried out clinical pathway management, 52.9% had carried out telemedicine services, 85.8% had participated in mutual recognition of examination results at the same level, and 70.9% had carried out quality nursing services.

　　 (5) blood security. In 2018, the number of unpaid blood donors reached 14.99 million, and the amount of blood collected reached 25.695 million units, up by 2.8% and 3.7% respectively compared with 2017. The blood donation rate of thousands of people was close to 11.2.

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　　 Third, primary health services

　　 (1) Rural health. By the end of 2018, there were 15,474 county-level hospitals, 1,907 county-level maternal and child health care institutions, 2,090 county-level centers for disease control and prevention, and 1,822 county-level health supervision institutions in 1,827 counties (county-level cities) across the country, and there were 3.039 million health workers in the four types of county-level health institutions.

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 36,000 township hospitals in 31,600 townships nationwide, with 1.334 million beds and 1.391 million health workers (including 1.181 million health technicians). Compared with the previous year, the number of township hospitals decreased by 90 (after the merger of towns and villages), the number of beds increased by 42,000, and the number of personnel increased by 31,000. In 2018, there were 1.39 beds in township hospitals per 1,000 rural population and 1.45 people in township hospitals per 1,000 rural population (see Table 8).

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 622,000 village clinics in 542,000 administrative villages nationwide. There are 1.441 million village clinics, including 381,000 licensed (assistant) doctors, 153,000 registered nurses, and 907,000 rural doctors and health workers. The average number of clinic staff in each village is 2.32. Compared with the previous year, the number of village clinics decreased by 10,000, and the total number of staff decreased (see Table 9).

　　 Note: The number of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses in village clinics includes the number of township hospitals.

　　 In 2018, the number of hospital visits at county level (including county-level cities) reached 1.19 billion, an increase of 50 million over the previous year; The number of people admitted to the hospital was 87.446 million, an increase of 3.804 million over the previous year; The utilization rate of hospital beds was 81.7%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the number of medical consultations in township hospitals was 1.12 billion, an increase of 0.1 billion over the previous year; The number of people admitted to the hospital was 39.84 million, a decrease of 630,000 over the previous year. In 2018, doctors were responsible for 9.3 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 1.6 bed days of hospitalization. The utilization rate of hospital beds was 59.6%, and the average hospitalization days of discharged patients were 6.4 days. Compared with the previous year, the workload of doctors in township hospitals decreased slightly, the utilization rate of hospital beds decreased by 1.7 percentage points, and the average length of stay was extended by 0.1 days compared with the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the amount of medical treatment in village clinics reached 1.67 billion person-times, a decrease of 120 million person-times compared with the previous year, with an average annual medical treatment of 2,685 person-times in each village clinic.

　　 (2) Community health. By the end of 2018, there were 34,997 community health service centers (stations) in China, including 9,352 community health service centers and 25,645 community health service stations. Compared with last year, there were 205 community health service centers and 140 community health service stations. There are 462,000 people in community health service centers, with an average of 49 people in each center; There are 120,000 people in community health service stations, with an average of 5 people per station. The number of staff in community health service centers (stations) increased by 28,000 over the previous year, with an increase of 5.1%.

　　 In 2018, there were 640 million medical consultations and 3.395 million hospitalizations in the national community health service centers, an increase over the previous year; On average, each center has an annual treatment volume of 68,000 person-times and an annual admission volume of 363 people. Doctors are responsible for 16.1 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 0.6 days of hospitalization. In 2018, there were 160 million medical consultations in community health service stations nationwide, with an average of 6,244 medical consultations per station, and 13.7 medical consultations per doctor per day (see Table 10).

　　 (3) National basic public health service projects. The per capita subsidy standard for national basic public health service projects increased from 52.6 yuan in 2017 to 57.6 yuan in 2018. Health literacy promotion and free provision of contraceptives were included in national basic public health service projects, and the project content was expanded from 12 categories to 14 categories.

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　　 Fourth, Chinese medicine services

　　 (a) institutions of traditional Chinese medicine, beds and personnel. By the end of 2018, the total number of Chinese medicine medical and health institutions nationwide reached 60,738, an increase of 6,495 over the previous year. Among them, there are 4,939 Chinese medicine hospitals, 55,757 Chinese medicine clinics and 42 Chinese medicine research institutions. Compared with the previous year, the number of Chinese medicine hospitals increased by 373, and the number of Chinese medicine clinics and clinics increased by 6,125 (see Table 11).

　　 Note: Clinical departments of traditional Chinese medicine include various specialties of traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic medicine.

　　 At the end of 2018, there were 1.234 million beds in Chinese medicine medical and health institutions nationwide, including 1.022 million beds in Chinese medicine hospitals (82.8%). Compared with the previous year, there were 99,000 beds in Chinese medicine, including 70,000 beds in Chinese medicine hospitals.

　　 By the end of 2018, community health service centers providing Chinese medicine services accounted for 98.5% of similar institutions, community health service stations accounted for 87.2%, township hospitals accounted for 97.0%, and village clinics accounted for 69.0% (see Table 12).

　　 At the end of 2018, the total number of Chinese medicine health personnel nationwide reached 715,000, an increase of 51,000 (an increase of 7.7%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 575,000 licensed (assistant) physicians and 124,000 Chinese pharmacists. The two types of personnel have increased compared with the previous year (see Table 13).

　　 (2) Chinese medicine medical services. In 2018, the total number of medical consultations in Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide reached 1.07 billion, an increase of 50 million (5.2%) over the previous year. Among them, there were 630 million person-times in TCM hospitals (accounting for 58.8%), 180 million person-times in TCM outpatient departments and clinics (accounting for 16.6%), and 260 million person-times in TCM clinical departments of other medical institutions (accounting for 24.5%).

　　 In 2018, there were 35.847 million people discharged from Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 2.937 million (8.9%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 30.41 million Chinese medicine hospitals (accounting for 84.8%), 7,000 Chinese medicine clinics and 5.429 million Chinese medicine clinical departments in other medical and health institutions (accounting for 15.1%) (see Table 14).

　　 V. Medical expenses of patients

　　 (1) Medical expenses of hospital patients. In 2018, the average outpatient cost of the hospital was 274.1 yuan, which was 6.7% higher than that of the previous year and 4.5% higher than the comparable price. The per capita hospitalization expense is 9291.9 yuan, which is 4.5% higher than that of the previous year and 2.4% higher than that of the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 1002.8 yuan (see Table 15).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost (112.0 yuan) accounted for 40.9%, down 1.8 percentage points from the previous year (42.7%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (2621.6 yuan) accounted for 28.2%, which was 2.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (31.1%).

　　 In 2018, among public hospitals at all levels, the average outpatient expenses of tertiary hospitals increased by 5.2% (the current price, the same below), and the per capita hospitalization expenses increased by 1.7%, which was lower than the increase in patient expenses of public hospitals (see Table 15).

　　 (2) Medical expenses of patients in primary medical and health institutions. In 2018, the average outpatient cost of community health service centers was 132.3 yuan, up 13.1% from the previous year and 10.8% from comparable prices. The per capita hospitalization expense is 3,194.0 yuan, which is 4.4% higher than that of the previous year and 2.3% higher than the comparable price (see Table 16).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost of community health service centers (90.5 yuan) accounted for 68.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year (68.7%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (1,169.6 yuan) accounted for 36.6%, which was 2.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (39.5%).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient fee of township health centers was 71.5 yuan, which was 7.5% higher than that of the previous year and 5.3% higher than the comparable price. The per capita hospitalization expense is 1,834.2 yuan, which is 6.8% higher than that of the previous year and 4.6% higher than the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 285.3 yuan.

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost of township hospitals (39.3 yuan) accounted for 55.0%, up 0.6 percentage points from the previous year (54.4%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (730.7 yuan) accounted for 39.8%, which was 2.4 percentage points lower than the previous year (42.2%).

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　　 VI. Disease Control and Public Health

　　 (a) reported incidence and death of infectious diseases. In 2018, 3.063 million cases of Class A and B infectious diseases were reported and 23,174 people died. The top five reported cases are viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, bacterial and amebic dysentery, accounting for 92.2% of the total reported cases of Class A and B infectious diseases. The top five reported deaths are AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, rabies and Japanese encephalitis, accounting for 99.3% of the total reported deaths of Class A and B infectious diseases (see Table 17).

　　 In 2018, the reported incidence rate of Class A and B infectious diseases in China was 2.20.5/100,000, and the mortality rate was 1.7/100,000.

　　 In 2018, except for filariasis, there were no reported cases of morbidity and mortality of Class C infectious diseases in China, and the other 10 diseases reported a total of 4.708 million cases and 203 deaths. The top five reported cases were hand, foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, influenza, mumps and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, accounting for 99.8% of the total reported cases of Class C infectious diseases. The diseases that reported more deaths were influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea in turn, accounting for 100% of the total reported deaths of Class C infectious diseases (see Table 18).

　　 In 2018, the reported incidence rate of Class C infectious diseases in China was 3.38.9/100,000, and the mortality rate was 0.0146/100,000.

　　 (2) Prevention and control of schistosomiasis. By the end of 2018, there were 450 schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) in China; The number of counties (cities, districts) that have achieved elimination, transmission blocking and transmission control is 263, 124 and 63 respectively; At the end of the year, there were 29,329 patients with advanced schistosomiasis, 78 fewer than the previous year.

　　 (3) prevention and control of endemic diseases. By the end of 2018, there were 330 counties with Keshan disease in the country, with 238 eliminated and 73 controlled counties respectively, and there were 6600 patients. There are 379 counties with Kaschin-Beck disease, 346 counties have been eliminated and 21 counties have been controlled, with 177,000 patients. There are 2,829 counties harmed by iodine deficiency and 2,337 counties eliminated. There are 1049 endemic fluorosis (drinking water type) counties, 668 control counties, 80011 endemic villages, 13.333 million patients with dental fluorosis and 135,900 patients with skeletal fluorosis. There are 171 endemic fluorosis (coal-burning pollution) counties, 156 controlled counties, 13.776 million patients with dental fluorosis and 92,200 patients with skeletal fluorosis.

　　 (4) Prevention and control of occupational diseases. By the end of 2018, there were 2,754 occupational health inspection institutions and 478 occupational disease diagnosis institutions nationwide. In 2018, a total of 23,497 new cases of various occupational diseases, 19,524 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (including 19,468 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis), 1,528 cases of occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, 1,333 cases of occupational chemical poisoning, 540 cases of occupational infectious diseases, 331 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, 77 cases of occupational tumors, 93 cases of occupational skin diseases, 47 cases of occupational eye diseases and 17 cases of radiation-induced diseases were reported. As of 2018, the publicity week of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases has been organized for 16 consecutive years, and the occupational health training project has been implemented. In the past 10 years, 4.3 million person-times of corporate leaders and occupational health managers have been trained.

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　　 Seven, maternal and child health and healthy aging

　　 (1) Maternal and child health care. In 2018, the prenatal check-up rate of pregnant women was 96.6%, and the postpartum visit rate was 93.8%. Compared with the previous year, the rate of prenatal examination has increased and the rate of postpartum visit has decreased (see Table 19). In 2018, the hospital delivery rate was 99.9% (100.0% in the city and 99.8% in the county), which was the same as the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the systematic management rate of children under 3 years old reached 91.2%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous year; The systematic management rate of pregnant and lying-in women reached 89.9%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year (see Table 19).

　　 (2) Mortality rate of children under 5 years old. According to maternal and child health monitoring, in 2018, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 8.4‰ , in which: City 4.4‰ Rural 10.2‰ ; Infant mortality rate is 6.1‰ , in which: City 3.6‰ Rural 7.3‰ . Compared with the previous year, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old and the infant mortality rate have decreased in different degrees (see Table 20).

　　 (3) Maternal mortality rate. According to maternal and child health monitoring, in 2018, the maternal mortality rate was 18.3/100,000, including 15.5/100,000 in cities and 19.9/100,000 in rural areas. Compared with the previous year, the maternal mortality rate has decreased (see table 20).

　　 (4) National free pre-pregnancy eugenics program. All counties (cities, districts) in China generally carry out free pre-pregnancy eugenics health check-ups, and provide free pre-pregnancy eugenics services such as health education, health check-ups, risk assessment, consultation and guidance for rural planned pregnant couples. In 2018, a total of 11.31 million couples with planned pregnancy were provided with free check-ups, and the average coverage rate of the target population reached 88.4%. All the screened risk groups received targeted counseling and treatment referral services, and pre-pregnancy preventive measures were implemented, effectively reducing the risk of birth defects.

　　 (5) Promoting the combination of health services and medical care for the elderly. In 2018, there were 6 national clinical medical research centers for geriatrics, 1,519 medical and health institutions with geriatrics, and 276 medical and health institutions with hospice care (hospice care). The elderly over 65 accounted for 29.2% of the total number of inpatients. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Healthy Ageing was successfully implemented. Piloting the combination of medical care and nursing care in 90 cities. Jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the second batch of smart and healthy old-age application demonstration work was carried out, and 26 demonstration enterprises, 48 demonstration streets (towns) and 10 demonstration bases were identified.

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　　 Eight, food safety and health supervision

　　 (1) Food safety risk monitoring. According to the reports of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (the same below), by the end of 2018, there were 2,822 food safety risk monitoring points nationwide to monitor chemical pollutants and harmful factors in 135,000 samples of 26 categories; Monitoring points were set up in 62914 medical and health institutions to carry out food-borne disease monitoring.

　　 (2) Health supervision in public places. In 2018, there were 1.232 million supervised units in public places nationwide, with 6.752 million employees. 1.735 million times of supervision and inspection were conducted in public places, and 82,000 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (3) Sanitary supervision of drinking water. In 2018, there were 80,000 supervised units for drinking water sanitation (water supply) nationwide, and 445,000 people were directly engaged in water supply and management. Supervision and inspection of drinking water hygiene (water supply) was carried out for 134,000 times. There are 5,345 supervised units involving drinking water hygiene and safety products in China, with 114,000 employees. 6,470 households were supervised and inspected for products related to drinking water hygiene and safety. 4,244 cases of drinking water and drinking water safety products were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (four) disinfection products and tableware centralized disinfection hygiene supervision. In 2018, there were 5,894 supervised units in disinfection products, with 87,500 employees. Disinfection products has supervised and inspected 33,900 times, and sampled 4,037 pieces, with a qualified rate of 96.6%. 1,933 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. In 2018, there were 4,262 centralized disinfection service units for tableware and drinking utensils nationwide, with 44,000 employees. 9,754 households were supervised and inspected, and 1,298 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (5) School health supervision. In 2018, there were 197,000 supervised schools nationwide, with 272,000 supervision and inspections and 4,854 cases investigated.

　　 (6) Occupational health and radiological health supervision of medical institutions. By the end of 2018, 3,392 households were actually supervised by occupational health, with a supervision coverage rate of 78.4%, and 5,616 households were regularly supervised. 136 occupational health cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. There were 53,000 actual radiation hygiene supervisors, with a supervision coverage rate of 86.0%, and 82,000 regular inspections were conducted. 6,159 radiation health cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (seven) health supervision of medical and health care, blood safety and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In 2018, 28,800 health administrative penalties were imposed on medical institutions or medical personnel according to law. Administrative punishment for practicing medicine without a license was 19,200. 122 administrative penalties were imposed on blood collection and supply institutions according to law. 53,000 cases of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases were investigated and dealt with according to law, including 53,000 cases of health administrative punishment.

　　 (8) family planning supervision. In 2018, there were 20,200 family planning supervised units, 23,800 family planning supervision and inspections, and 1,026 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

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　　 IX. Population and family development

　　 (a) the universal two-child policy steady implementation. In 2018, the birth population was 15.23 million, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%, and the sex ratio continued to decline steadily. Maternal and child health services have been actively promoted, the whole-course maternity service has been strengthened, and the construction of maternal and child facilities has been solidly promoted. The allocation rate of public places that should be equipped with maternal and child facilities has reached 88.3%, and the phased goals have been successfully completed. Relevant departments have been coordinated to promote the matching of relevant economic and social policies such as nursery, preschool education, employment, housing and taxation with the birth policy.

　　 (2) The reform of family planning service management was deepened. All localities actively promote the interconnection of family planning information, and carry out online registration, "multi-certificate integration", one-time registration and full-service service. The online birth registration rate exceeds 90%, achieving "running at most once". Carry out dynamic monitoring and investigation of floating population and actively promote the equalization of basic public health and family planning services for floating population.

　　 (three) family planning incentives and support policies. In 2018, a total of 19.01 billion yuan was invested in the "three systems" of family planning incentives and assistance, an increase of 3.16 billion yuan over the previous year; The special support system for family planning benefited 1.247 million people, and the project of "having fewer children and getting rich quickly" in the western region benefited 19 thousand households.

　　 Note: The total number of people assisted does not include those who have fewer children and get rich quickly, and the number of people assisted with fewer children and get rich quickly is 10,000; Special assistance is given to families who only count the disabled and dead children of their only child.

　　 Notes:

　　 (1) Medical and health institutions include hospitals, primary medical and health institutions, professional public health institutions and other institutions.

　　 (2) Public hospitals refer to hospitals whose economic types are state-owned and collectively run (including government-run hospitals).

　　 (3) Private hospitals refer to hospitals other than public hospitals, including joint ventures, joint-stock cooperation, private hospitals, hospitals invested by Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and foreign countries.

　　 (4) Primary medical and health institutions include community health service centers (stations), street hospitals, township hospitals, village clinics, outpatient departments and clinics (infirmary).

　　 (5) Professional public health institutions include centers for disease prevention and control, specialized disease prevention and control institutions, maternal and child health care institutions, health education institutions, emergency centers (stations), blood collection and supply institutions, health and family planning supervision institutions, and family planning technical service institutions.

　　 (6) government-run medical and health institutions refer to medical and health institutions organized by administrative departments such as health, education, civil affairs, public security, justice, and corps.

　　 (7) Medical and health institutions of traditional Chinese medicine include hospitals, outpatient departments, clinics and scientific research institutions of traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic medicine.

　　 (8) Health personnel include health technicians, rural doctors and health workers, other technical personnel, management personnel and workers and technicians. According to the statistics of the number of employees on the job, including those who are in the process of preparation, contract system, re-employment and temporary employment for more than half a year.

　　 (9) Health technicians include practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, pharmacists (doctors), technicians (doctors), health and family planning supervisors (including the number of civil servants who have obtained the certificate of health supervisor) and other health technicians.

　　 (10) A practicing (assistant) physician refers to a person who has obtained a doctor’s practicing certificate and is actually engaged in clinical work, excluding a person who has obtained a doctor’s practicing certificate but is actually engaged in management work.

　　 (11) Registered nurses refer to those who have obtained the certificate of registered nurses and are actually engaged in nursing work, excluding those who have obtained the certificate of practicing nurses but are actually engaged in management work.

　　 (12) The number of health technicians, practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, general practitioners, professional public health institutions and beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population is calculated according to the permanent population.

　　 (13) Life expectancy per capita refers to the average number of years that a new group of people can live if the mortality rate of each age group remains unchanged. The data calculation is based on the life registration data of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the census data of the National Bureau of Statistics.

Special feature of 1905 film network The online drama "The Beginning" ended, and Douban scored 8.2 points.Are you satisfied with this ending? What is the ending in your mind?

　

In any case, The Beginnings has brought the audience into the "circular" world, especially after hearing Cannon, some viewers will have the same conditioned reflex as Li Shiqing (ornaments).

　

After three days of broadcasting, the broadcast volume has exceeded 100 million. So far, the broadcast volume has exceeded 1.2 billion, and the average number of hot searches for single episode updates has exceeded 20. Not only that, the series has been bought overseas for broadcasting rights, and there are even plans to shoot a film version through the Internet.

　

Undoubtedly, "The Beginning" is definitely an explosive drama series that opened in 2022.

　

The broadcast effect is good, and many viewers applaud it, even lamenting that the series is underestimated and should have a higher score, while digging deep into the details of the series one by one; However, some viewers have frankly praised this kind of circulating works, which is not as refined as the film, but now it makes the story drag on.

　

So, is the series "The Beginning" worth this score? We have invited Xiao Ke, an audience who likes the play very much, and Xiao Dou, an audience who thinks the play is overrated, to talk about the beginning.

　

"infinite flow"

"infinite flow" is an unavoidable topic in The Beginning.

　

The so-called "infinite flow" is actually that the hero and heroine keep returning to the original space and time in order to complete a certain task until the task is completed.

　

This concept setting is not new. Many viewers pointed out that movies such as this are all similar settings, and domestic movies and dramas also have corresponding attempts.

Although "The Beginning" does not completely conform to this setting in a strict sense, it cannot be denied that this high concept attracts the audience like a "hook" and makes some viewers immersed in it.

　

In Xiaoke’s view, this concept is not the focus of "Beginning". It is more like a suspense set by the creator, letting the audience find the murderer and the story behind the murderer.

　

Like movies with related settings, most of the previous films will be constantly circulating in a single space, strengthening the concept of infinite flow. "The Beginning" does not directly tell the audience that there is a bomb on the bus, but every time there is a new situation, from the so-called accident to the final confirmation that it was detonated for no reason when there was no accident, and it is more certain that the suspect is a passenger on the bus.

　

The progression of this story is to pave the way for the follow-up of the series, where Li Shiqing and Xiao Heyun (ornaments) interrogate the passengers on the bus and lead to the story behind the passengers.

　

Xiaodou thinks that this introduction has affected the narrative rhythm of the drama.

　

He agrees with the interesting spoilers of some viewers on the Internet. From the appearance of two well-known actors, Liu Dan, in the car, the murderer has been very clear. Not only that, from the very beginning, the series emphasized how the driver played by Huang Jue was appraised as advanced in the past, which was completely different from the reaction in the incident situation.

　

Of course, The Beginning didn’t deliberately hide who the murderer was from the audience. At the beginning of the fourth episode, when Li Shiqing shouted that there was a bomb in the car, the explosion developed immediately, and some framing processing was done in the lens picture, which showed that a pair of hands pulled the pressure cooker.

　

Fourthly, it integrates a turning point in the beginning, leading the so-called infinite flow to the topic of finding the murderer.

Although there are details, for the "spoiler" audience, there are fewer surprises in the following plot, and the overall rhythm becomes procrastinating. After all, the next turning point of "The Beginning" is in the eighth episode, when Liu Dan plays Tao Yinghong.

From the fourth episode to the eighth episode, and even the tenth episode behind, the protagonists are constantly circulating in the story, interrogating passengers from all walks of life, and the camera also digs their own human topics, which can be said to be a plus item, but for the main story, it seems a bit lengthy.

This view put forward by Adzuki Bean has indeed become a doubt for many viewers about the rhythm of the plot.

　

"Understanding" of Characters

In Xiaoke’s view, the case of "The Beginning" is not the focus, but the humanity behind it is the place where the play looks good.

　

Drama is different from movies, and the whole drama is single, which can involve more story content. It is precisely because "The Beginning" has a capacity of 15 episodes that it can spread more content and drive the audience to explore everyone in the car, and this kind of excavation of human nature is actually the place where the producer is best at noon sunshine.

　

After the discovery of the bomb and the murderer, The Beginning is to tell the story behind the humble people on the bus. This kind of narration is not single, but also serves the audience to explore the story behind the driver and Tao Yinghong.

　

The late development of the drama, including the quarrel between the man and the woman, actually embodies human nature. In fact, the choice of the male and female hosts in episode 8 is to "save their own lives" or "save the whole car", with the aim of highlighting this point.

　

Besides, in the 10th episode of the series, when the male and female hosts ask the passengers in the car for help, each character has a clearer personality display under the foreshadowing of the previous events, which makes their behavior more convincing.

　

But in adzuki bean’s view, this form does not seem to be the best presentation at present.

　

The narrative perspective of The Beginning, from the perspective of men and women, and then to passengers, tries to convey a concept, "understanding" to the audience in many ways.

Why did some people be indifferent when Li Shiqing cried for help at the beginning? For this reason, the creative team has a lot of details to deal with and explain. For example, the old farmer with watermelon was afraid to go to the police station at first, and it was not until his story line that the audience realized that his past experience would cast a shadow on him.

　

This understanding is also hidden in the confrontation between police officers and men and women. People in the real world naturally find it difficult to understand the concept of "cycle". The drama series relies on every telling of the story to make "understanding" itself have a soul.

　

The idea of the play is good, but the way of promoting it directly leads to the low narrative efficiency, and finally the story of each character can only be told in the middle of the drama in the way of approximate unit drama.

This narrative transition lacks sufficient impetus, which makes the tense atmosphere created at the beginning of the story turn sharply into a warm route, and the split style will also weaken the perception. If it can be shown by film narration, it will be far more compact than the narrative method of this traditional TV series.

　

This kind of rhythm is also missing in the hero and heroine as "circulators".

In the first ten episodes of the series, after more than 20 cycles, they didn’t really give enough useful information. But since the 11th episode, the whole rhythm has obviously accelerated, and this episode is also the key turning point for the third time.

　

But from here on, the story still leaves more than half of the problems unsolved.

Why do drivers and "Aunt Pot" bomb buses? Is there an answer to the story behind it? Can men and women get rid of the cycle? What kind of life will the passengers on the bus be after liberation?

　

After nearly five episodes of exploration, each character in the drama really found their value and acting position. The male and female host began to present the identity of "recycler" to the audience, and intervened in the whole incident, and began to solve these mysteries for the audience one by one.

　

Although "The Beginning" will have a lot to tell, and the current 15-episode series can also be seen to be striving for fine short plays, on the whole, there is still much room for refinement in the narrative mode and rhythm of the story.

　

In fact, both Xiao Ke and Xiao Dou think that The Beginning has many points worthy of recognition in its creative expression. Even if it still has some improvements, it does not affect that it is still a high-quality work in Chinese drama.

　

As for whether "The Beginning" is worth 8.2 points, every audience has its own score in mind.

Perhaps, it can provide proof for the later high-concept dramas, and how to better narrate and enter the audience’s heart. Then, it will be a good "start".

The length, width and height of the model are 5255mm x 1850mm x 1970mm respectively, and the wheelbase is increased to 3200mm, which is a full extension of 250 mm. This not only expands the trunk space, but also provides passengers with a more practical sense of space, especially between the third row of seats and the tailgate, which has obvious advantages.

For those users who pursue commercial use, Ruifeng M3 Plus accurately grasps the market pain points, not only improves the body size, but also improves its chassis structure and power system, ensuring the efficiency and comfort of manned cargo.

In the name of PLUS, it surpasses many competing products in appearance and dynamic performance, and the price is more close to the people. For those small business owners with limited budget, Ruifeng M3 Plus provides a very cost-effective choice, which is worth considering. Don’t easily ignore the potential of the low-end market, JAC M3 Plus may be just the business partner you need.

Not long ago, the 2024 Starway Lingyun was officially launched. The new car was built based on M3X Mars architecture Pro, which not only updated the latest family-style interior design, but also fully upgraded the configuration. Nowadays, the domestic SUV market has long been a red sea. In order to gain a foothold in such a harsh environment, in addition to the strong competitiveness of the products themselves, the pricing link is also a top priority. For example, today’s protagonist, Star Road Lingyun, although it is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, its price has even dropped to the price range of traditional compact SUVs, and joint venture brands and independent brands have followed suit, which is quite a "dimension reduction blow".

The above manufacturer’s guide price only represents the price on August 1, 2023. If there is any change, please take official website as the standard.

The 2024 Star Way Lingyun has launched four models with a price range of 139,900-177,900 yuan. At the same time, the government also announced seven user rights and interests, including big order gift, replacement gift, financial gift, maintenance gift, quality assurance gift, flow gift and rescue gift (please consult your local dealer for details).

First, a brief description of the model

In terms of appearance, the new Star Way Lingyun continues the classic family design language, and the whole vehicle is elegant and dynamic, which is highly recognizable. The front face of the new car has been slightly adjusted, mainly by adding chrome-plated decorative strips at the front grille, with large-size middle net and vertical lights on both sides, and the visual effect is simple and atmospheric. The side lines and waist lines of the car are intertwined, and the second half diverges and rises, which outlines a strong sense of strength. There is a small spoiler at the top of the rear of the car, and the through taillight group further stretches the visual width.

In terms of rims, according to different configurations, the new Star Road Lingyun offers three sizes of 18, 19 and 20 inches. Among them, two 400T models are equipped with 20-inch aluminum alloy wheels, which match the horse brand tires, and both the face value and performance are quite excellent.

The new Star Way Lingyun offers 6 body colors to choose from, and Star Mang Qing replaces the original Kyauk Moon Grey. As the main color matching, Xingmangqing has excellent visual effect, simple personality and great recognition, which is highly recommended. Of course, for a medium-sized SUV, the traditional black/white color matching is also a good choice that is not easy to make mistakes.

In the interior part, the Lingyun cockpit has been fully optimized, keeping the overall design simple and atmospheric, and at the same time, the workmanship and materials performance are better. The new car offers two kinds of interior color matching options: light cloud white and elegant silver black. With 256 stepless color-changing atmosphere lights and streamer LED atmosphere lights, it can provide a variety of display effects. In terms of configuration, the new 24.6-inch "Galaxy Encircling" curved screen includes a liquid crystal instrument and a central control panel, and has a built-in Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, which supports the interconnection of CarPlay and Hicar mobile phones. The computing power and functional performance have reached the mainstream level of the same level.

In terms of power, the new car offers 1.6TGDI+7-speed dual-clutch gearbox and 2.0TGDI+8-speed automatic manual transmission. Among them, the 1.6TGDI engine has a maximum power of 148kW and a maximum torque of 300N·m；; 2.0TGDI engine has a maximum power of 192kW and a maximum torque of 400 N m.. In addition, the 2.0T high-end model is also equipped with a four-wheel drive system.

Second, vehicle configuration highlights and recommendations

The 2024 Star Way Lingyun Entry Edition is a 300T two-wheel drive Star Enjoy Edition with a price of 139,900 yuan. Objectively speaking, combined with the positioning and configuration performance of its medium-sized SUV, the comprehensive performance of this entry-level model is actually not bad. Regardless of comfort, safety or technical configuration, such as LED automatic headlights, leather multi-function steering wheel, 12.3-inch LCD instrument, 12.3-inch central control panel, car networking, automatic air conditioning and active braking are all standard, which can fully meet the needs of daily use. The reason why it is not recommended is mainly because there are more cost-effective configuration options.

Third, the recommended vehicle configuration difference analysis

In terms of comprehensive configuration and price, for the purchase suggestion of 2024 Star Way Lingyun, I personally recommend 300T two-wheel drive Xingyao version, with a price of 147,900 yuan. As the second-lowest model, the recommended model is only 8,000 yuan more expensive than the entry version, but the configuration has been improved in all aspects, including 19-inch wheels, adaptive low beam, front multi-layer sound insulation glass, front seat heating/ventilation, driver’s seat memory function, car air purifier and PM2.5 filter in the car. More importantly, the driver assistance system has been improved qualitatively, equipped with lane departure warning system, front/rear collision warning system, car side blind spot image, L2 assisted driving level, reversing car side warning system and so on. Regardless of comfort, sense of science and technology or safety configuration, it has ushered in a substantial upgrade. Considering the price difference of 8,000 yuan, the price/performance ratio is quite high.

The 400T two-wheel drive Star Zun Edition is 20,000 yuan more expensive than the recommended model. Although the 2.0T engine with stronger performance is replaced and the transmission system is changed to an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, the upgrade for configuration is very limited. For example, 20-inch rims, rear privacy glass, active noise reduction, steering wheel heating, etc. are mostly icing on the cake configurations, and the improvement in daily use is not obvious. To sum up, the 300T two-wheel drive Xingyao version with a price of 147,900 yuan is the most cost-effective, and consumers can give priority to it when choosing.

When it comes to boron steel, in fact, many people have little understanding, and some people even confuse high-strength steel with boron steel. Some people say that the proportion of boron steel is particularly high, so it is particularly safe, but this is only half true. In layman’s terms, the use of boron steel is a matter of conscience; the use of boron steel is good, and the use of boron steel is ability.

Yesterday, I was chatting with a friend who is in the same industry. He has been driving the luxury Sedan for more than 3 years and told me that he wants to change the car because his wife has just become pregnant and the smell in the car has not dissipated. I am afraid that it will affect the child and need to replace it.

I: "Do you like it?"

Friend: "I want to see the new intermediate"

Me: "Oh, just because it’s more environmentally friendly?"

Friend: "Hey, not all of them. Everyone says it’s safer. I value this more when I have children."

Me: "Tell me where is safer"

Friend: "I knew the first person to invent the seat belt…"

You see, in fact, sometimes industry insiders don’t have much better opinions on a certain issue than ordinary consumers. For example, my friend didn’t know that the invention was actually "."

The most shining labels on the body are undoubtedly "safe" and "environmental protection". Perhaps because such labels are too eye-catching, many people do not realize where the safety lies under such labels. Its safety core may be as simple as its Nordic appearance.

Externally Soft and Inner "Steel": The Profundity of Boron Steel in Body Structure

When it comes to safety, it must be mentioned; when it comes to materials, some people say materials; when it comes to materials, high-strength steel must be the word with the highest appearance rate. Today we will talk about the story behind high-strength steel. Boron steel, one of the best structural steels, is the guest here today.

"Hello everyone, my name is Boron, and my English name is Boron. 0.001% of the earth’s crust is composed of my brothers and sisters."

Boron is a non-metal, its hardness in nature is second only to stone, it is widely used in the production of nuclear reactor control rods, and can also be used in the manufacture of alloys. Boron steel, as the name suggests, is a steel that is mainly alloyed with boron. After adding alloy boron, the steel has very high hardenability, high wear resistance and good fatigue resistance, and is an excellent structural steel.

Like many scientific technologies, boron steel was first used in the military industry, especially in the aerospace industry and submarine manufacturing. With the vigorous development of the manufacturing industry, boron steel has a new "application". As a large-scale industrial product, in addition to high strength, good craftsmanship is also an important factor, that is, the difficulty of steel processing cannot be too high. The appearance of boron steel and heat treatment technology perfectly meets this demand.

You might ask, "How?"

First of all, the strength is very high, and the nominal strength of boron steel after hot forming treatment reaches 1500 MPa, which has good safety performance.

? Secondly, the forming performance is good. The traditional process of manufacturing complex-shaped parts usually requires multiple ordinary steel parts to be welded, while the thermoforming process often requires only one part to solve this problem. The picture below shows the composite diagram of the vehicle B-pillar assembly. The left side is ordinary steel, which requires several parts to be welded. The right side is thermoformed steel, which is integrally stamped and formed, visible to the naked eye.

Combined with these characteristics of boron steel, it is mainly used as structural steel in the industry. The structural strength of boron steel is greatly increased, which improves the anti-extrusion ability, and then protects the life safety of the occupants in the car in the event of a collision. At the same time, boron steel thermoformed parts are also the most valuable lightweight materials at present. Advances in materials and processes make it convenient for people to travel while meeting increasingly stringent safety and emission regulations.

Known for its safety, it naturally excels in the application of boron steel. Its XC90 uses nearly 40% of boron steel, S90 uses 35% of boron steel, and V90 CC and XC60 use 35% and 34% of boron steel, respectively.

Have you learned this knowledge of boron steel?

Of course, you might say that boron steel is so powerful that the more it is used in the car, the safer it is? Let’s continue to look at it.

"Steel" is soft and easy: tell you

How should excellent design be done?

As an important part of the vehicle, it is necessary not only to meet the aesthetic requirements of appearance and vision, but also to meet the requirements of aerodynamics, man-machine performance, and NVH performance. More importantly, it is necessary to protect drivers and passengers against impact.

Generally speaking, people tend to divide the simple into and, which is often not enough when talking about safety. Stephan Ryrberg, senior principal engineer at the Group Security Center, said that a complete collision should be divided into three stages:

The first stage is the energy-absorbing collision of the front structure. This stage generates a specific energy, and we () want the front of the car to absorb as much energy as possible. So sometimes the front of the car looks badly damaged after the collision, but it actually protects us effectively. Of course, the structure must be energy-absorbing and deformed under strict control.

The second stage is the collision of the occupant compartment, that is, the direct collision between the occupant and the restraint system in the vehicle. Seat belts, etc. protect the occupant by absorbing the impact energy to significantly reduce the energy transmitted to the next stage.

The third stage occurs inside the human body, and different organs will collide with each other in the body. If the structure of the vehicle is well designed, the energy transmitted to the second and third collisions will be weakened accordingly, thus reducing the damage to the human body. "

With these insights in mind, let’s talk about what requirements a person who excels in safety should meet.

01

In the investigation of safety accidents, it is shown that the proportion of occupant deaths caused by frontal collisions is the highest, so in the event of a frontal collision, the energy absorption of the front structure has a significant relationship with the deformation of the cockpit. The greater the deformation of the energy absorption zone in a frontal collision, the more the collision energy is absorbed, and the impact force can be avoided as little as possible to the passenger compartment.

This process belongs to the "energy-absorbing collision of the front structure", and in the design, the front should absorb as much energy as possible to reduce the acceleration of the collision.

In the frame is the energy absorption design of the front structure. The material distribution map clearly shows the design idea. The yellow front stringer and the green front do not use ultra-high-strength thermoformed steel. The stringer uses medium-strength steel, and the front uses an aluminum alloy cavity structure with lighter weight and better energy absorption effect.

This design can ensure that the front structure can quickly collapse in the event of a frontal collision, which absorbs kinetic energy, thus ensuring the integrity of the cockpit. It can be seen that it is not blindly pursuing strength, but choosing the most suitable material in the appropriate part to ensure the safety of the passengers in the car as the first consideration.

Words like "soft" and "crashless" are often used to describe a car that is not strong, but in fact, through professional crash tests such as E-NCAP, C-NCAP, IIHS, etc., it can be seen that the collapse energy absorption design can greatly improve crash safety, that is to say, a reasonable "soft" is actually conducive to safety.

02

The second most common death rate in a car accident is a side collision. Since there is no buffer zone on the side, there is only one fan away from the outside world when a collision occurs, so the strength and the frame strength of the occupant compartment become the foundation for protecting the occupants in the car. Common measures include increasing the strength of the interior; increasing the strength of the sidewall components, including increasing the cross-sectional shape and thickness of the B-pillar and C-pillar; increasing the strength of the threshold beam; installing a beam system at the height of the B-pillar; and installing reinforced beams below and under the rear windshield.

We still take the XC90 as an example. The part in the blue box above is the most important crew compartment. Its importance can also be seen from the distribution ratio of ultra-high-strength thermoformed boron steel. The red thermoformed boron steel is almost all distributed in this area.

As the saying goes, "good steel is used on the blade", hot-formed boron steel is uncompromising "good steel", of course, it must also be used on the "blade".

The thermoformed boron steel with the best yield strength is used in the side-B-pillar-C-pillar-middle channel-lower threshold and the foot pedal area in front of the driver and co-pilot, that is to say, when you open it, all the hidden under the door frames are thermoformed steel with a strength of up to 1500Mpa; when you sit in the driver’s seat, the pedal area under your feet, and under your center armrest, all use thermoformed steel with a strength of up to 1500Mpa. The front, rear, and left of the driver are surrounded by thermoformed boron steel, forming a safe cage structure.

The purpose of this approach is to effectively transmit the impact force to the protective beams, columns, floors, roofs, and other components in the event of a collision, so that the impact force is dispersed and absorbed by these components, which greatly improves the anti-collision ability and overall safety. It is not easy to deform in the event of a collision, and better protects the safety of the occupants in the vehicle.

In addition, the linear and coherent force transmission path design can maximize the absorption and dispersion of the impact force throughout, whether it is a frontal collision or a side collision, the impact kinetic energy can be evenly distributed to the skeleton through a coherent force transmission path, reducing the deformation of the internal space as much as possible at the moment of impact.

[Autohome Chaozhou Discount Promotion Channel] According to an exclusive report, an attractive car purchase promotion is being launched in the Chaozhou area. At present, Mercedes-Benz officially provides a cash discount of up to 80,000 yuan for this luxury coupe SUV, which has reduced its minimum selling price to 793,800 yuan. This large-scale profit-making move undoubtedly provides consumers with a rare opportunity to buy a car. To seize this offer and experience the charm of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe for themselves, consumers can immediately click "Chatti Car Price" in the quotation form to get the best car purchase conditions. Don’t miss this opportunity, act now!

With its unique design, the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe shows unparalleled dynamism and luxury. The front face features the iconic shield-shaped air intake grille of the Mercedes-Benz family, inlaid with fine chrome decoration, and contrasted with sharp LED headlights, creating a strong visual impact. The overall body line is smooth, and the back-style design gives it an elegant sporty temperament, which perfectly blends power and elegance, reflecting Mercedes-Benz’s unique interpretation of the luxury SUV coupe style.

With its unique design charm, the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe outlines smooth side lines. The body size is 4941mm*2018mm*1716mm and the wheelbase reaches 2935mm, providing a spacious interior space for passengers. The tire size is 275/50 R20, which not only emphasizes the dynamic performance of the vehicle, but also shows the elegant rim style. Overall, the side design highlights the perfect fusion of power and sporty aesthetics.

The interior design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe shows the perfect combination of luxury and technology. The exquisite leather steering wheel provides an excellent grip, with manual and electric adjustment functions to ensure driver comfort and convenience. The 12.3-inch central control screen stands in the center of the dashboard for clear display and smooth operation. It integrates multimedia systems, navigation and telephone functions to facilitate the driver to grasp information in real time. The seats in the car are made of imitation leather, and the main and passenger seats support multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest, height and waist support to ensure a personalized comfort experience for passengers. In addition, the front seats are also equipped with heating and ventilation functions, as well as power seat memory functions, which reflect the careful care of the driver and passengers. The wireless charging function is equipped to further enhance the technological feel and convenience of the interior.

The Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 190 kilowatts and a torque output of 400 Nm, with a strong performance of 258 horsepower. This power system, coupled with a 9-speed automatic transmission, not only provides a smooth driving experience, but also ensures the efficient transmission of vehicle performance.

As the price reduction promotion of Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is about to come to an end, we would like to take this opportunity to emphasize again that this is by no means an ordinary price reduction, but our deep understanding and response to consumer needs. Buying Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe now, you can not only experience the excellent driving performance and luxury comfort of our brand as always, but also enjoy a very competitive price advantage. This is a great opportunity not to be missed, let us start the perfect journey of luxury and performance together. Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe, waiting for your discerning eyes, let us create more beautiful driving memories together. The discount is limited and there are not many places. Hurry up and seize this opportunity and drive into the future!

　　After a man in Xi ‘an picked up the mobile phone of a foreign tourist, he expressed his willingness to return it and returned the red envelope of 168 yuan sent by the owner. If this is the end of the matter, it will be a warm-hearted good deed, but the man refused the red envelope not because he was "grateful", but because he wanted a "lucky number": "666 yuan or 888 yuan." To this end, Xiao Xie, the original grateful owner, was a little upset.

　　A few days ago, Xiao Xie, who worked in Beijing, went to Xi ‘an to play, during which she accidentally lost her iPhone6. Xiao Xie told The Paper that the mobile phone was not commonly used, so he didn’t find it lost until he returned to Beijing.

　　Fortunately, Xiao Xie got through to the lost mobile phone, and the picker offered to return it. To facilitate communication, Xiao Xie and the pickup "Little Leopard" added WeChat friends. On WeChat, Xiao Xie told "Little Leopard" that he could send his mobile phone by express delivery, so he didn’t have to bear the cost. At the same time, Xiao Xie gave a red envelope of 168 yuan to "Little Leopard" to express his gratitude.

　　After receiving the red envelope, "Little Leopard" said "nothing, welcome" and said "I will send it to you tomorrow." Xiao Xie thanked me again, and said, "This mobile phone is not worth much, but thank you very much for sending it back to me. Don’t worry, after you send it, I will definitely send you a red envelope to thank you. There are still many good people in society … …”

　　But after a while, "Little Leopard" returned the red bag of 168 yuan to Xiao Xie, and told Xiao Xie, "I can answer your phone, add your WeChat, and I will definitely send you the phone. It’s no use asking for your phone number. You send a lucky number … New Year’s Day. Believe me, just don’t believe me. "

　　The picker "Little Leopard" returned the 168 yuan red envelope offered by the owner Xiao Xie, asking for the "lucky number". Photo courtesy of respondents

　　According to Xiao Xie, he later communicated with Little Leopard on the phone and learned that the "lucky number" mentioned by Little Leopard was 666 yuan or 888 yuan. After some communication, Xiao Xie decided to give "Little Leopard" 666 yuan.

　　However, Xiao Xie was not comfortable in his heart: "I have taken the initiative to send him a red envelope of 168 yuan to thank him, and promised to send him another red envelope after receiving the mobile phone, but I didn’t expect him to ‘ Geely number ’ It costs so much money. I bought that mobile phone in 2016. I dropped it many times and changed the light screen three or four times. Now it is estimated to be worth several hundred dollars. If you can’t find it if you lose it, that’s all, but if you can get it back, you still want to get it back as much as possible. After all, you used it yourself. "

　　In order to prevent another accident, Xiao Xie decided to find a friend in Xi ‘an to help him get his mobile phone, and then gave "Little Leopard" 666 yuan. On February 19th, Xiao Xie’s friend saw "Little Leopard" in a community outside Zhongshan Gate in Xi ‘an. After transferring 666 yuan to the other party, he got Xiao Xie’s mobile phone back.

　　In recent years, due to the loss of mobile phones, news about the conflict between the owner and the picker has been reported frequently. In this regard, lawyer Zhao Liangshan, a senior partner of Shaanxi Hengda Law Firm, analyzed the legal issues involved.

　　Zhao Liangshan believes that Article 79, paragraph 2, of the General Principles of the Civil Law of China stipulates: "Lost property, drifting objects or stray animals shall be returned to the owner, and the expenses incurred therefrom shall be repaid by the owner." Article 112 of the Property Law stipulates: "When the right holder receives the lost property, he shall pay the finder or the relevant department the necessary expenses for keeping the lost property." Therefore, the lost property belongs to the owner, and the picker should return it to the owner.

　　According to Article 92 of the General Principles of Civil Law: "If improper benefits are obtained without legal basis and losses are caused to others, the improper benefits obtained shall be returned to the person who has suffered losses". If the picker does not return it, it will constitute unjust enrichment.

　　Zhao Liangshan said: "As for whether it is legal for the picker to ask for 666 yuan or 888 yuan, the key depends on whether the requested fee belongs to the actual cost incurred by custody. If the expenses are actually incurred due to the custody of the picker, it is legal. On the other hand, if there is no charge due to storage, the pickup person may violate the provisions of the Criminal Law on extortion and be suspected of extortion. If the factor does not reach the standard of conviction and sentencing, but the circumstances are bad, the public security organ may impose public security punishment on it according to the provisions of China’s Law on Public Security Administration Punishment. "