I. party constitution

1. Constitution of the Communist Party of China

(The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China partially revised, adopted on October 24, 2017)

Second, the party’s organizational regulations

(1) Party organization

2. Regulations on the work of local committees in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 25th, 2015)

3. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on Working Organs (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on March 1, 2017)

4 the Communist Party of China (CPC) branch work regulations (Trial)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 28, 2018)

5. Regulations on the Work of Rural Grassroots Organizations in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 28, 2018)

6. the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party Working Regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 6, 2019)

7. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Work of Grassroots Organizations of the Party and State Organs

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 27, 2019)

Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Work of Grassroots Organizations of State-owned Enterprises (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 30, 2019)

9. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC) Work Regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 30, 2020)

10. Regulations on the work of grass-roots organizations in ordinary colleges and universities in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 16, 2021)

11. Interim Provisions on Some Specific Issues of the Party’s Local Congresses at Various Levels

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on February 1, 1985)

(2) Inner-party elections

12. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Election of Grassroots Organizations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 13, 2020)

13. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Election of Local Organizations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 28th, 2020)

(III) Organizational work of the Party

14. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on Organizational Work

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on May 22, 2021)

(4) Symbol of the Party

15 the emblem and flag of the Communist Party of China (CPC) regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on June 26, 2021)

Third, the party’s leadership regulations

(A) the Party leads rural work

16. Regulations on Rural Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 19, 2019)

(2) The establishment of the Party’s leading bodies

17. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Establishment of Institutions

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 5, 2019)

18. Provisions on statistical work of institutions (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee on March 16, 2010)

19. Measures for filing organizational matters

(Issued by the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee on December 12, 2013)

(3) The Party leads the construction of the rule of law

20. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on Political and Legal Work

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on January 13, 2019)

21. Measures for openly selecting legislators, judges and prosecutors from lawyers and legal experts.

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on June 2, 2016)

22 protection of judicial personnel to perform their statutory duties according to law.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on July 21, 2016)

23. The principal responsible persons of the party and government perform the duties of the first responsible person to promote the rule of law.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on November 30, 2016)

(4) Party leaders publicize ideological and cultural work.

24 Party committees (party groups) measures for the implementation of the network security work responsibility system

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on August 15th, 2017)

25 Interim Measures for the administration of online names of party and government organs, institutions and social organizations

(Issued by the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on February 20, 2014)

26 party and government organs website audit, qualification review and website logo management measures

(Issued by the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee and the Office of the Central Network Security and Informatization Leading Group on August 22, 2014)

27 national high-end think tank management measures (Trial)

(Issued by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 26th, 2015)

28 Interim Measures for the supervision and administration of state-owned assets of central cultural enterprises

(Issued by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Finance on January 22, 2017)

(5) Social governance under the leadership of the Party.

29 improve the implementation of the comprehensive management of social security leadership responsibility system.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on February 27, 2016)

30 measures for the implementation of the responsibility system for letters and visits

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on October 8, 2016)

31 local party and government leading cadres safety production responsibility system provisions

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on April 8, 2018)

32 local party and government leading cadres food safety responsibility system provisions

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on February 5, 2019)

(6) the party leads the United front work.

33. Regulations on the work of socialist colleges

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 22, 2018)

34 the Communist Party of China (CPC) United Front Work Regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 21, 2020)

Fourth, the party’s own construction laws and regulations

(A) comprehensive

35 provisions on the implementation of the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government.

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on November 10, 2010)

36. Party committees (leading groups) shall implement the provisions on comprehensively and strictly administering the party’s main responsibility.

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on March 9, 2020)

(B) the party’s political construction

37. Some guidelines on political life within the Party.

(Adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in communist party, China on February 29, 1980)

38. Some Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation

(Adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China on October 27th, 2016) 39. Regulations on Request for Report on Major Matters in the Communist Party of China (CPC).

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on January 31, 2019)

40. The party committees of the central and state organs and departments shall consult the working committees of the central and state organs for work regulations on reporting.

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on June 10, 2020)

(C) the party’s ideological construction

41 the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party School (School of Administration) Work Regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 25, 2019)

42 the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party Committee (Party Group) Theory Learning Center Group Learning Rules

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on January 30, 2017)

43 central and state organs to implement the "the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party Committee (Party Group) theoretical learning center group learning rules" implementation measures.

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on September 21, 2018)

44 central and state organs cadres and workers’ ideological dynamic analysis report method

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on April 29, 2020)

(D) the party’s organizational construction

45. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Supplementary Provisions on Dealing with the Party Membership and Party Age during party member’s Leaving the Party before the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued on May 14, 1982)

46 provisions on the recommendation of leading cadres by local party committees to local state organs tui

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued on January 12, 1990)

47. Regulations on the Education and Training of Cadres

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 14th, 2015)

48 Party and state organs at or above the county level in party member leading cadres democratic life will be a number of provisions.

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 23, 2016)

49. Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on March 3, 2019)

50 members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) education management regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on May 6, 2019)

51 Interim Provisions on the Resignation of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued on April 8, 2004)

52. The plenary session of the local committee of the Party shall vote on the candidates to be appointed and recommended by the leading bodies of the Party committees and governments at the next lower level.

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued on April 8, 2004) 53. Interim Provisions on the term of office of party and government leading cadres

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued on June 10, 2006)

54 Party and government leading cadres exchange work regulations

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued on June 10, 2006)

55 interim provisions on the withdrawal of leading cadres of the party and government

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued on June 10, 2006)

56 Interim Provisions on the Administration of Leaders of Financial Enterprises in China

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on November 16th, 2011)

57. Detailed Rules for the Development of party member in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on May 28th, 2014)

58 Interim Provisions on the administration of leaders of public institutions

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on May 28th, 2015)

59. Promote the appointment and dismissal of leading cadres (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on July 19th, 2015)

Provisions on the administration of professional and technical civil servants (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on July 8, 2016)

61 administrative law enforcement civil servants management regulations (Trial)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on July 8, 2016)

62 provisions on the administration of the appointment system of civil servants (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on September 19, 2017)

63. Regulations on the work of cadres and personnel files

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on November 20, 2018)

64. Civil servants’ positions and ranks are stipulated in parallel.

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on March 19, 2019)

65 Provisions on Several Issues Concerning Communist party member’s Going Abroad or Going to Hong Kong and Macao for Private Affairs

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on September 1, 1981)

66. Interim Provisions on the Statistical Work of Cadres

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Personnel on May 11, 1992)

67. Provisions of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on inner-party statistical work

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on January 3, 1996)

68 Interim Provisions on the probationary period for leading cadres of the Party and government

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on February 6, 2001)

69. Interim Provisions on Letters and Visits of the Party Committee Organization Department

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on June 27th, 2006)

70 provisions on the collection, use and management of party dues in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on February 4, 2008)

71. Provisions on the collection and filing of cadres and personnel archives

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on July 16, 2009)

72 China Pudong, Jinggangshan, Yan ‘an Cadre College management approach

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on July 27th, 2012)

73. Measures for the administration of the training of "Light of the West" visiting scholars

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology and China Academy of Sciences on March 29th, 2014)

74 measures for the administration of the work of the doctoral service group

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League on February 2, 2015)

75 measures for the adjustment of the management system of party building work after the decoupling of the chamber of commerce of the national trade association from the administrative organ (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on September 11, 2015)

76 Interim Measures for the administration of leaders of institutions of higher learning

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Education on January 13, 2017)

77 Interim Measures for the administration of leaders in primary and secondary schools

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Education on January 13, 2017)

78 Interim Measures for the administration of leaders of scientific research institutions

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Science and Technology on January 13, 2017)

79 Interim Measures for the administration of leaders of public hospitals

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the National Health and Family Planning Commission on January 13, 2017)

80. Interim Measures for the management of leaders of institutions that publicize ideological and cultural systems

(Issued by the Organization Department and Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee on January 13, 2017)

81 measures for the implementation of the post-holding talks of the party Committee secretaries, deputy secretaries and disciplinary Committee secretaries of the central and state organs and departments

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on November 6, 2018)

82 provisions of the central and state organs on strict party organization and life system (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on April 22, 2019)

83. Working Rules for Party Groups of Central and State Organs (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on April 22, 2019)

84 measures for the administration of professional and technical civil servants’ rank setting (Trial)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on April 24, 2019)

85 administrative measures for the establishment of civil servants’ ranks in administrative law enforcement (Trial)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 24, 2019) 86. Measures for the Evaluation of Professional and Technical Qualifications of Professional and Technical Civil Servants (Trial)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on April 24, 2019)

87. Provisions on post grading of newly recruited civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on April 24, 2019)

88. Provisions on the Employment of Civil Servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 26, 2019)

89. Provisions on the Transfer of Civil Servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 26, 2019)

90. Provisions on the training of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 26, 2019)

91 regulations on the administration of cadres’ education and training students

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 28, 2019)

92. Provisions on the scope of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on March 3, 2020)

93. Measures for the registration of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on March 3, 2020)

94 measures for the administration of posts, ranks and grades of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on March 3, 2020)

95. Refer to the measures for examination and approval of units managed by People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Service Law.

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on March 3, 2020)

96 measures for the collection, use and management of party dues of grass-roots party organizations of central and state organs (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on April 29, 2020)

97. Provisions on the Transfer of Civil Servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

98. Provisions on the withdrawal of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

99. civil servants to resign stipulates

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

100. Provisions on dismissal of civil servants

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

(V) Construction of the Party’s Work Style

101 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several provisions of the central level departments to send people to check the work.

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued on May 18, 1953)

102 provisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the living conditions of senior cadres.

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued on November 13, 1979)

103. The party and government organs practise strict economy and oppose waste regulations.

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on November 18th, 2013)

104 regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the openness of party affairs (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 20, 2017)

105 measures for the administration of national literary and art press and publication awards

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on March 1, 2005)

106 measures for the administration of festival activities (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on May 29, 2012)

107 provisions of the party and government organs on the administration of domestic official reception

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on December 1, 2013)

108 Interim Provisions on Prohibiting the Establishment of Private Clubs in Historical Buildings, Parks and Other Public Resources

(the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council General Offices forwarded on October 19, 2014)

109 measures for the administration of office buildings of party and government organs

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on December 5, 2017)

110 measures for the administration of official vehicles of party and government organs

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on December 5, 2017)

111 appraisal standards in recognition of activities management approach

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on December 21, 2018)

(VI) Party discipline construction

112. Several Provisions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Prohibiting Violation of Policies and Embezzlement in Accepting Donations from Overseas Chinese

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China forwarded on October 4, 1979)

113. Provisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Stopping Party and Government Organs and Cadres from Doing Business and Running Enterprises

(the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued on February 4, 1986)

114. the Communist Party of China (CPC) Integrity and Self-discipline Guidelines

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 18th, 2015)

115. Several Provisions of the General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on the issue of retired (divorced) cadres of party and state organs at or above the county level running enterprises through business.

(General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on October 3, 1988)

116 provisions on decoupling the party and government organs from the economic entities they run.

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council forwarded on October 9, 1993)

117 provisions on the implementation of the registration system for gifts received by the staff of the party and state organs in domestic exchanges

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on April 30, 1995)

118. The organs of political science and law retain certain provisions on standardized management of enterprises.

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on May 14, 1999)

119 provisions on personal securities investment behavior of party and government organs.

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on April 3, 2001)

120 provisions on the integrity of leaders of state-owned enterprises

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on July 1, 2009)

121 rural grassroots cadres to perform their duties in a clean manner (Trial)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on May 23, 2011)

122 Provisions on the Commission for Discipline Inspection to Assist Party Committees in Organizing and Coordinating Anti-corruption Work (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on July 26, 2005)

123 provisions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on strictly prohibiting the use of his position to seek illegitimate interests

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on May 29th, 2007)

Five, the party’s supervision and protection laws and regulations

(1) Supervision

124 the Communist Party of China (CPC) inner-party supervision regulations

(Adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China on October 27th, 2016)

125 the Communist Party of China (CPC) inspection work regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2017)

126 Interim Measures for admonishing conversations and letters to leading cadres in party member.

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on December 19th, 2005)

127 Interim Provisions on Reporting on Work and Honesty of Leading Cadres in party member

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on December 19th, 2005)

128 local Party committee members and members of the Commission for Discipline Inspection to carry out intra-party inquiries and inquiries (Trial)

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on April 22, 2007)

129 leading cadres to report personal related matters

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on February 8, 2017)

130 provisions on the audit of natural resources assets of leading cadres (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on September 19, 2017)

131 provisions on the prevention and punishment of statistical fraud and fraud supervision.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on August 24, 2018) 132. Work Rules for Supervision and Discipline of Discipline Inspection Organs in communist party, China

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on December 28, 2018)

133. The construction of a government under the rule of law and the responsibility to implement the provisions on the work of inspectors

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on April 15, 2019)

134 central ecological environmental protection inspectors work regulations

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on June 6, 2019)

135 the main leading cadres of the party and government and the main leaders of state-owned enterprises and institutions economic responsibility audit provisions

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on July 7, 2019)

136 discipline inspection and supervision organs to deal with the work rules of accusation.

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on January 21, 2020)

137. Regulations of the Party’s Disciplinary Inspection Organs on the Trial of Cases

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on July 14, 1987)

138 Interim Provisions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the work of discipline inspection of industrial enterprises owned by the whole people

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on November 5, 1990)

139. Measures for handling cases for soliciting opinions undertaken by the case trial room of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

(Issued by the General Office of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on June 13, 1991)

140 provisions of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China on the working procedures for hearing disciplinary cases in party member.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on July 13, 1991)

141 communist party, China, the disciplinary inspection organ complaint work regulations.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on August 22, 1993)

142. Regulations of communist party Municipality on the Work of Case Inspection of Discipline Inspection Organs.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on March 25, 1994)

143 detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations on the work of case inspection of the discipline inspection organs in communist party, China

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on March 25, 1994)

144 measures for the administration of case files of discipline inspection and supervision organs

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Supervision and the State Archives Bureau on July 1, 1998)

145 Interim Measures for the determination of property prices involved in the investigation and handling of cases by discipline inspection and supervision organs

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Supervision and the Ministry of Finance on December 10, 2010)

146. The organization has worked out the provisions on the acceptance of the "12310" report.

(Issued by the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee on April 12, 2011)

147 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the party committee of the county (city, district, flag) inspection work implementation measures.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 2, 2012) 148. Detailed implementation rules for organizing personnel departments to remind, inquire and admonish leading cadres.

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on June 28th, 2015)

149. Organize the personnel department to reply to the letter of inquiry of leading cadres and adopt the feedback method.

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on April 23, 2018)

(2) Evaluation

150 regulations on the assessment of leading cadres of the party and government

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on April 7, 2019)

151 measures for the assessment of civil servants at ordinary times (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 26, 2019)

152 Party Committee (Party Group) secretary pays attention to the assessment methods of grass-roots party building work (Trial)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 30, 2019)

153 central and state organs at the grass-roots level party organization secretary to grasp the party building work debriefing appraisal implementation measures (Trial)

(Issued by the Central and State Organs Working Committee on April 28, 2020)

154. Civil servant assessment regulations

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

(3) rewards and punishments

155 the Communist Party of China (CPC) City, the party meritorious honor recognition regulations.

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 8, 2017)

156 national meritorious honor recognition regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on August 8, 2017)

157. Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on Disciplinary Actions

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 18, 2018)

158. the Communist Party of China (CPC) accountability regulations

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 25, 2019)

159 Interim Provisions on the implementation of accountability of party and government leading cadres

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on June 30, 2009)

160 leading cadres to intervene in judicial activities, intervene in the handling of specific cases of records, notification and accountability provisions.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on March 18, 2015)

161 measures for investigating the responsibility of leading cadres of the party and government for ecological environment damage (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on August 9, 2015)

162 party discussion and decision of party member punishment work procedures (Trial)

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on November 29, 2018) 163. Measures for Supervision, Inspection and Accountability of the Selection and Appointment of Cadres

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on May 13, 2019)

164 the Communist Party of China (CPC) city organization regulations (Trial)

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on March 19th, 2021)

165. Interim Provisions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the handling of Party membership and party discipline of party member who defected or left.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on July 18, 1990)

166 on the party and government organs at or above the county (Department) level of party member leading cadres in violation of the provisions of honesty and self-discipline to buy, replace the car behavior of the party discipline approach.

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on August 26, 1996)

167 earthquake relief funds and materials management and use of violations of law and discipline punishment provisions

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Supervision on May 29, 2008)

168. Provisions on the record and accountability of cases involving internal personnel of judicial organs

(Issued by the Political and Legal Committee of the CPC Central Committee on March 29th, 2015)

169 measures for dealing with the problem of fraud in cadres’ personnel files (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on November 18th, 2015)

170 central and state organs to create a model of advanced units and pacesetter units selection and commendation measures (Trial)

(Issued by the Working Committee of Central and State Organs on July 3, 2020)

171. Provisions on Civil Servant Awards

(Issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 28th, 2020)

(4) Protection of rights in party member

172. Regulations of members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the Protection of Rights

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on December 25th, 2020)

173. Provisions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Informants and Accusers

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Supervision on January 19, 1996)

(five) the operation of the organs.

174. Regulations on the work of government archives

(General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued on April 28, 1983)

175 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Security Committee Office, the State Secrecy Bureau on the confidentiality management of state secret carriers.

(General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council forwarded on December 7, 2000)

176 Interim Measures for the administration of electronic documents

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on December 8, 2009) 177. Regulations of the Party and Government Organs on Handling Official Documents.

(Issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on April 16, 2012)

178 discipline inspection organs archives management regulations (Trial)

(Issued by the General Office of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee on April 28, 1989)

179 discipline inspection and supervision organs handling confidentiality provisions

(Issued by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Supervision on August 19, 1996)

(6) System construction guarantee

180. Regulations on the formulation of inner-party laws and regulations in the Communist Party of China (CPC)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 3, 2019)

181 the Communist Party of China (CPC) regulations and normative documents for the record review provisions.

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 3, 2019)

182 provisions of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the responsibility system for the implementation of inner-party laws and regulations (for Trial Implementation)

(Issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 3, 2019)

183 provisions of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on the interpretation of internal party laws and regulations

(Issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on July 6, 2015)

Source: Law Press

Original title: "Collection | Catalogue of Inner-Party Regulations in the Communist Party of China (CPC)"

Read the original text

　　Focus on the two sessions in 2021: depicting the foreseeable future

　　This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party in the Communist Party of China (CPC), and it is also the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan. China will start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. The China two sessions, which are at an important historical intersection, are worth looking forward to.

　　Aspect 1: Government Work Report and People’s Livelihood List

　　· Employment: give policy support to enterprises that don’t lay off employees and lay off fewer employees, and accelerate the pilot project of occupational injury protection.

　　·　Ecological environment: Strengthen the coordinated control of fine particles and ozone, and the clean heating rate in the northern region will reach 70%.

　　·　Education: Improve the guarantee mechanism of inclusive preschool education to better solve the problem of schooling for children of migrant workers.

　　·　Medical care: the per capita financial subsidy for residents’ medical insurance will be increased by 30 yuan, and the county-level medical service capacity will be improved.

　　·　Coping with aging: the participation rate of basic old-age insurance will be increased to 95% in the next five years, and the legal retirement age will be gradually delayed.

　　·　Consumption: increase residents’ income through multiple channels, and speed up e-commerce and express delivery into rural areas.

　　·　Housing: solve the outstanding housing problems in big cities and help new citizens and young people to alleviate their housing difficulties.

　　·　Rural revitalization: ensure that large-scale return to poverty does not occur, resolutely curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and prevent "non-grain"

　　Aspect 2: Selected proposals of entrepreneurs’ two sessions

　　·　Dong Mingzhu: The tax threshold is raised to 10,000 yuan. Raising the "tax threshold" can effectively improve the real income level of residents, and making people have money to spend is the driving force to promote consumption and drive the "internal circulation" of the economy.

　　·　Ma Huateng: Support the new employment pattern. The new employment form has the characteristics of large employment capacity, low entry and exit threshold, strong flexibility and part-time job, forming a "reservoir" and a "buffer". It is suggested to further improve the relevant supporting mechanism and service system of the new employment form.

　　·　Lei Jun: Let the elderly integrate into digital life. Promote the digital service for the elderly to be incorporated into the national information infrastructure construction as soon as possible, know how to establish an aging standard system for smart technology, and promote the integration and development of smart technology aging scenarios and emerging formats.

　　·　Yu Minhong: The residence is nearby. It is suggested that in the Compulsory Education Law, "ensuring school-age children and adolescents to enter the school nearby where they live" be amended as "ensuring school-age children and adolescents to enter the school nearby where they live".

　　·　Zhang Jindong: Establish a data sharing platform. Strengthen the top-level design, establish a data governance Committee, and establish a national data sharing platform.

　　·　Zhou Hongyi: Pay attention to the safety of smart cars. It is suggested that the networked safety protection system of smart cars should be incorporated into the vehicle production, sales and service system, and gradually form mandatory requirements.

　　Anti-epidemic express

　　NEWS

　　More than 370,000 cases have been diagnosed globally, with a cumulative total of over 117 million cases.According to the real-time statistics of the Worldometer website, as of 6: 30 on March 8, Beijing time, there were 117,420,781 cases of COVID-19 diagnosed and 2,604,490 deaths. There were 376,633 new confirmed cases and 5,893 new deaths worldwide in a single day.

　　Chief scientist of the World Health Organization: Nearly 10% of the world’s population has Covid-19 antibodies.

　　According to Sputnik’s report on March 1st, Sumiya Swaminathan, chief scientist of the World Health Organization, said that nearly 10% of the world’s population already has Covid-19 antibody, and continued vaccination is the only way to achieve "collective immunity".

　　Zhong Nanshan Dialogue Fauci: It will take at least 2 ~ 3 years for the whole world to achieve group immunity.

　　On March 1st, at the forum of "Fast Recovery on the Right Track: Sino-US Cooperation in Prevention, Control and Treatment of COVID-19 Epidemic", Zhong Nanshan, the head of National Health Commission’s high-level expert group, said that group immunization can’t be achieved by making a large number of people sick, and it must be achieved through vaccination based on science. Global mass immunization takes at least 2-3 years, or even longer. However, in China, 60 different vaccine projects are currently under way, and 6 of them have entered the third phase of clinical practice.

　　WHO: The idea of ending the epidemic before the end of this year is unrealistic.

　　On March 1st, local time, Michael Ryan, the head of WHO’s health emergency project, said that it was unrealistic to end the epidemic before the end of the year, and it was still too early. It was wise to reduce the number of hospitalized cases as much as possible, which was a tragedy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

　　Boeing said that the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on its global aircraft delivery will last for up to 10 years.

　　On March 4th, David Schulte, managing director of Boeing’s commercial aircraft marketing business in India, Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific, said that the COVID-19 epidemic "will definitely have an impact on our expected delivery volume in the next decade." Schulte said that globally, due to the grounding of many old aircraft during the epidemic, the fleet retirement rate of airlines is expected to double from 2% to 3% to about 5%.

　　Sweden reported a case of COVID-19 infection in the mother’s womb.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Stockholm, March 4, Swedish researchers recently published a report in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, saying that a study on a pregnant woman who underwent emergency cesarean section and related newborns showed that the fetus had been infected with Covid-19 in the mother’s womb.

　　Disease control experts: the vaccine protection time limit is not only half a year.

　　How long is the protective prescription of COVID-19 vaccine? On March 4th, Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an interview that the protection period of COVID-19 vaccine is not only half a year, but because the vaccination time is still very short, and there are only half a year’s data at present.

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs: China has exported about 43.85 billion masks to the United States.

　　The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said on March 5 that from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, China exported about 43.85 billion masks to the United States. China is willing to continue to work together with all countries in the world, including the United States, to strive for an early victory over the epidemic.

　　WHO: COVAX has delivered more than 20 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to 20 countries.

　　The World Health Organization said on March 5th that the COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Plan (COVAX) jointly launched by it and its partners has delivered more than 20 million doses of vaccines to 20 countries, and another 31 countries will be delivered next week.

　　Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, warned that the collective trauma of the COVID-19 epidemic was greater than that of World War II.

　　According to the website of the US Consumer News and Business Channel reported on March 5, WHO Director-General Tan Desai said at a news conference that day: "After World War II, the world experienced collective trauma, because World War II affected the lives of many people. Now, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic is more serious, and more people’s lives have been affected. Almost the whole world has been affected, and in fact everyone in this world has been affected. " He also said: "This means collective trauma, even greater than what the world experienced after World War II."

　　Policy voice

　　NEWS

　　Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China has become the largest manufacturing country for 11 consecutive years

　　On March 1, Xiao Yaqing, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology revealed at the press conference on the development of industry and informatization held by the State Council Office that China’s industrial added value increased from 23.5 trillion to 31.3 trillion, making it the largest manufacturing country in the world for 11 consecutive years. The proportion of manufacturing industry contributes nearly 30% to the world manufacturing industry.

　　Guangdong set up Greater Bay Area Competition Policy Committee to prevent disorderly expansion of capital.

　　People’s Daily reported on March 2nd that recently, the website of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government released the Implementation Plan for Guangdong Province to Further Promote Competition Policy in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which mainly included the establishment of the Competition Policy Committee of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area City, Guangdong Province, the full implementation of fair competition review system, and the strengthening and improvement of anti-monopoly law enforcement.

　　Guo Shuqing: Strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing disorderly expansion of capital.　

　　On March 2, Guo Shuqing, President of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, said at the press conference of the State Council Office that 2021 is the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will take risk prevention as the eternal theme of the financial industry, monitor and resolve all kinds of financial risks relentlessly, strengthen the financial rule of law and improve the long-term mechanism. Maintain a fair competitive market environment, strengthen anti-monopoly and prevent disorderly expansion of capital, and ensure that financial innovation is carried out under the premise of prudence.

　　General Administration of Market Supervision: Five community group purchases were subject to administrative punishment.

　　On March 3, according to the official WeChat of the General Administration of Market Supervision, it was found that there were unfair price behaviors such as low-price dumping and price fraud in community group buying enterprises such as Orange Heart Optimization (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Wuhan Seven Delicious Technologies Co., Ltd. Four community group-buying enterprises, including Orange Heart Optimization (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd., were given an administrative penalty of 1.5 million yuan, and Wuhan Qiwei Delicious Technology Co., Ltd. was given an administrative penalty of 500,000 yuan.

　　National Forestry and Grassland Administration: China will draw up the "14th Five-Year Plan" for wildlife protection.

　　On March 3rd, China. com reported that it was learned from the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau that China will study and compile the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for wildlife protection, formulate special protection plans for key species such as gibbon and pangolin in Hainan, and accelerate the adjustment of the List of Terrestrial Wild Animals with Important Ecological, Scientific and Social Values and the assessment and identification of important habitats of terrestrial wild animals.

　　Beijing prohibits schools from participating in the operation and cooperation of "small dining table"

　　On March 3rd, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and Municipal Health and Health Commission jointly issued a document stating that by the end of 2021, schools, kindergarten canteens and student meal distribution enterprises will basically realize "internet plus’s bright kitchen". Students’ afternoon and after-school activities are included in the full-time management of the school, and the system of going out for leave when eating outside the school is implemented. It is strictly forbidden for the school to participate in the operation and cooperation of the social "small table" in any form.

　　Hebei issued a notice: Xiong ‘an plans to afforest 25,000 mu this year.

　　On March 5 th, recently, the General Office of the People’s Government of Hebei Province issued a notice on the task of afforestation in 2021, and the task of afforestation in the province in 2021 was 6 million mu. Among them, xiong’an new area will afforest 25,000 mu.

　　The Ministry of Transport talks about Didi Company: earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of the enterprise and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers and consumers.

　　On March 6 th, according to the Ministry of Communications, the responsible comrades of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference Office for Collaborative Supervision of New Transportation Forms had an interview with Didi. The interview pointed out that Didi Company’s recent preparations for adjusting its business strategy in some cities were not sufficient, and communication and evaluation were not in place, which was suspected of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of drivers and was widely concerned by the society.

　　Enterprise practice

　　NEWS

　　C919 passenger plane officially landed in the world!

　　On March 1st, China Eastern Airlines (600115, Share Bar) Group Co., Ltd. and China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. formally signed the purchase contract of C919 large passenger aircraft in Shanghai, which is also the first formal purchase contract of domestic large aircraft C919 in the world. China Eastern Airlines will become the first airline in the world to operate C919 large passenger aircraft.

　　Li Yanhong issued a document on financing innovation: promoting high-quality economic development

　　On March 2nd, Li Yanhong, Chairman and CEO of Baidu, published a signed article "Promoting High-quality Development by Financing Innovation" in People’s Daily, saying that under the background of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerated evolution of industrial transformation, financing innovation has become a conscious subject of innovation. Baidu will continue to open up its sources, increase its investment in personnel training, promote more and more industries to achieve intelligent industrial upgrading, and inject more vitality into high-quality development.

　　Volvo Cars Releases Sustainable Development Strategic Objectives

　　On March 2, at the sustainable development strategy conference held by Volvo Cars, Volvo Cars announced its strategic goal of sustainable development in the future-in 2025, the proportion of pure electric vehicles of Volvo Cars will reach 50%, and the rest will be hybrid vehicles; In 2030, it became a pure electric luxury car enterprise; In 2040, it became a climate zero-load benchmarking enterprise; All pure electric vehicles will be sold online.

　　Alibaba will cooperate strategically with New Hope in agriculture and cultivate 200,000 new farmers in three years.

　　On March 2, it was reported that Alibaba and New Hope were brewing strategic cooperation in the agricultural field. The two sides plan to jointly build a new type of e-commerce business entity and cultivate 200,000 new farmers nationwide within three years. The No.1 project of cooperation between Ali and New Hope is the "First Kilometer" project. The two sides plan to jointly introduce high-quality resources of agricultural scientists and focus on the "stuck neck" problem in key agricultural fields.

　　Sany Group spent 100 million yuan to reward meritorious employees.

　　On March 2, it was learned from Sany Group that at the "Sany Festival Commendation Meeting" held on February 28, 4,195 employees, 6 earthquake-resistant and disaster-resistant heroes and 33 gold medal employees of Sany Group won a total of nearly 100 million yuan. At the same time, Liang Wengen, chairman of Sany Group, promised that when the total market value of listed companies under Sany Group reached 1 trillion, every "gold medal employee" would be rewarded with 5 million yuan.

　　Tencent released the first self-developed robot dog Max.

　　On March 3 rd, Tencent officially released the first multi-modal quadruped robot dog Max, which is fully developed in software and hardware. It adopts the integrated design of foot and wheel, has the specialty of "walking steadily on rough roads and running fast on flat roads", and can also stand on both legs to "pay a new year’s greeting".

　　Huawei executives responded to rumors of getting involved in pig raising: Do not raise pigs, empower enterprises to raise pigs with AI.

　　On March 4th, Duan Aiguo, president of Huawei Machine Vision, responded in an interview that Huawei does not raise pigs, but empowers enterprises to raise pigs. He believes that the application of AI in pig enterprises is still in a very backward state compared with other industries. "There are also large pig companies that have taken the initiative to find us and hope to use technology to empower the pig industry together."

　　BYD notified the company of 10 typical anti-corruption cases.

　　On March 4th, BYD (002594, Share Bar) released 10 typical anti-corruption cases in the fourth quarter of 2020 through its official WeChat WeChat official account "Clean BYD", including employees accepting meals and accepting kickbacks and bribes. For employees who violate the relevant provisions of BYD’s integrity, the company will not only terminate the labor contract, but also input their information into the delisting inquiry system; Units that violate the integrity cooperation agreement shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities according to the agreement; Acts suspected of violating the law and committing crimes shall be resolutely handed over to judicial organs for handling.

　　Chairman China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.: In 2025, the high-speed rail will cover 98% of the cities with a population of more than 500,000.

　　On March 6 th, recently, Lu Dongfu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman and party secretary of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., said in an interview with People’s Daily that the scale of projects under construction and approved during the 14 th Five-Year Plan has reached 3.19 trillion yuan; By 2025, the national railway mileage will reach about 170,000 kilometers, including about 50,000 kilometers of high-speed rail (including intercity railway). Railways basically cover cities with urban population of more than 200,000, and high-speed rail covers 98% of cities with urban population of more than 500,000.

　　Social livelihood

　　NEWS

　　China Consumers Association released a public opinion report on consumer rights protection during the Spring Festival: amusement facilities are more negative.

　　China Consumers Association released a public opinion analysis report on consumer rights protection during the Spring Festival on March 1st. The report pointed out that although the information of "consumer rights protection" showed a curve fluctuation trend during the monitoring period, the daily number of related public opinions was relatively balanced. This year’s "Spring Festival" holiday consumption negative information is mainly concentrated in amusement facilities, movie viewing services, fireworks display and other aspects.

　　In 2020, the number of patent applications in China ranked first in the world.

　　On March 2, local time, the World Intellectual Property Organization released the latest report that the number of international patent applications submitted through the World Intellectual Property Organization will continue to grow in 2020. The number of patent applications in China increased by 16.1% year-on-year, ranking first in the world with 68,720. Followed by the United States, the number of patent applications reached 59,230. Japan, South Korea and Germany ranked third, fourth and fifth.

　　Peking University received 1 billion yuan in personal donations.

　　On March 3rd, Li Yongxin, Chairman of Zhonggong Education (002607, Share Bar) Group, donated 1 billion yuan to Peking University to set up the Peking University Zhonggong Education Development Fund. This is the largest personal donation since Peking University was founded, and it is also the largest alumni donation. Previously, Li Yongxin had donated 180 million yuan to Peking University.

　　China’s winter paralympic Olympic mobilization has developed to a thousand people.

　　March 4th is the first anniversary of the countdown to the opening of the Beijing Winter Paralympics. On the same day, Zhang Haidi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and executive chairman of BOCOG, revealed that the number of athletes in China’s Winter Paralympics has grown to thousands.

　　China’s 500-ton engine has been successfully tested in full-condition semi-system

　　On March 5th, the semi-system test run of the 500-ton liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine developed by the Sixth Institute of Aerospace was a complete success, and a new breakthrough was made in the development of China’s heavy-duty launch vehicle engine.

　　International information

　　NEWS

　　British people eat an all-time high number of eggs, eating nearly 8 billion eggs a year.

　　According to the British "Sun" reported on February 28th, in 2020, the British ate nearly 8 billion eggs, with a total value of nearly 1.2 billion pounds (about 10.8 billion yuan), a record high. There are about 67 million people in Britain, which is equivalent to one person eating 120 eggs a year.

　　The United Nations website publishes the sustainable development report of Guangzhou.

　　Guangzhou Daily reported on March 1st that recently, "The Road to Green Development of Vibrant, Inclusive and Open Megacities —— Report on Guangzhou Local Voluntary Statement of UN Sustainable Development Goals" (referred to as "Report") was published in the column of UN Sustainable Development Goals in official website. Guangzhou became the first city in China to publish the report on the UN website. The experiences that can be used for reference are included in this report, including Baiyun Mountain (600332, Guba) project, coastal ecological restoration project, Haizhu wetland quality improvement and biodiversity protection and restoration.

　　G20 research group on sustainable finance resumed.　

　　China Business News reported on March 1 that recently, Italy, the presidency of G20, hosted the first video conference of G20 finance ministers and central bank governors in this year. The meeting agreed to resume the establishment of the G20 Sustainable Finance Research Group to study the financial risks brought by climate change, strengthen the disclosure of climate-related information and support the green transformation. The People’s Bank of China continued to co-chair the research group.

　　Japan’s largest IT company was born!

　　According to a report by the Japan Broadcasting Association on March 2, Z Holdings and Line Company, the parent companies of Yahoo Japan under Softbank Group, formally implemented business merger on March 1, and the largest IT company in Japan was born. It is reported that the new company has about 23,000 employees and a total of about 100 million users. The search and social media services are the largest in Japan, and the company also provides online services such as advertising, e-commerce and finance.

　　2021 Hurun Global Rich List released

　　On March 2nd, Hurun Research Institute released the 2021 Hurun Global Rich List. The list shows that there are 412 new billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world, with a total of 3,228, a record high. Musk’s wealth increased by nearly one trillion yuan compared with last year, reaching 1.28 trillion yuan, making him the richest man in the world for the first time. Zhong Shanshan, a 67-year-old farmer from Nongfu Spring, became the first China entrepreneur to enter the top ten in the world with a wealth of 550 billion yuan, ranking seventh and becoming the richest man in Asia.

　　WHO reports that one fifth of the people in the world are hearing impaired.

　　On March 2, local time, the World Health Organization released the World Hearing Report. According to the report, at present, one fifth of the people in the world have hearing impairment, and hearing loss affects more than 1.5 billion people around the world. By 2050, it is estimated that one quarter of people will have hearing problems, and nearly 2.5 billion people will suffer from some degree of hearing loss, of which at least 700 million people will need rehabilitation services. WHO recommends that ear and hearing care services should be provided for all.

　　Tokyo Olympic Games will not receive foreign audiences.

　　According to Japan’s "Daily News" report, a number of related people revealed on March 3 that the Japanese government plans not to receive foreign audiences around the audience problem of this summer’s Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is now coordinating this. The Japanese government will reach a final conclusion within this month after discussion with the International Olympic Committee and other relevant parties.

　　United Nations report: Strengthening engineering capacity is essential for sustainable development.

　　On March 4th, UNESCO held the celebration of 2021 "World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development" online and released the report. According to the report, strengthening engineering capacity is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable development. At the same time, the report analyzes the development trend of major regional and cross-regional engineering in the world under the fourth industrial revolution, and encourages the global engineering community to work together to meet various challenges and accelerate the realization of sustainable development goals.

　　UN report: 17% of global food is wasted.

　　On March 5th, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimated in the latest "Food Waste Index Report 2021" that in 2019, 931 million tons of food in the world were sent to the trash cans of families, retailers, restaurants and other food service enterprises, accounting for 17% of the total food available to consumers.

　　The proportion of female parliamentarians in the world has reached a record high.

　　According to the UN website, the Inter-Parliamentary Union recently said on the occasion of International Women’s Day on March 8 that in 2020, the proportion of women among parliamentarians in the world exceeded 25%, a record high, but there is still a considerable distance from achieving the goal of gender equality.

　　Today is March 8th International Women’s Day, I wish CSR divines a happy holiday, and we will share the responsibility in the future and ride the wind and waves.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Golden Bee. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　CCTV News:With the improvement of living standards, health foods claiming to regulate human functions are increasingly favored by people, especially elderly consumers. However, after eating the "health food" bought back, Mr. Li from Chengde, Hebei Province always feels flustered and unwell. What’s the matter?

　　Mr. Li is over 60 years old and has been suffering from diabetes for more than 10 years. According to Mr. Li, when chatting with friends, someone introduced a health food called "Renhe Yibao", which has hypoglycemic function and is very suitable for diabetics.

　　After returning home, Mr. Li immediately went online to inquire and really found this online shop selling Renhe Pancreatic Treasure on an e-commerce platform.

　　However, after eating for a while, Mr. Li felt obviously unwell.

　　It is claimed that the main ingredients include nearly 20 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as American ginseng, Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum, and the health food labeled "pure Chinese medicine, green and healthy" has an abnormal reaction after eating it. Mr. Li felt that something was wrong with the Renhe Pancreatic Treasure he bought, so he came to Chengde Food and Drug Administration for consultation.

　　Professionals told reporters that phenformin is a chemical that was used to treat diabetes in the early days. However, medical practice has found that phenformin can cause lactic acidosis during its use, which can even lead to death. Therefore, as early as 2012, when the former State Food and Drug Administration issued the List of Substances that May Be Illegally Added in Health Foods, it listed metformin hydrochloride and phenformin hydrochloride among them. In November 2016, it was clearly pointed out that phenformin can cause lactic acidosis after evaluation, with high incidence, limited clinical value and greater use risk than benefit, so it was decided to stop the production, sales and use of phenformin bulk drug and its preparations in China.

□ Ding Jiafa

On May 28th, employees of a shopping mall in Nanning, Guangxi said that they would buy out the blind road at the entrance of the shopping mall and block it with stone piers, which caused concern. On the 28th, a disabled man in Nanning, Guangxi, sent a video saying that the barrier-free passage in front of Chaoyang Square in Nanning Times was blocked by the isolation pier placed by the property company, and it has not been removed after many reflections. The shopping mall involved responded that the staff said that it was a mistake to buy the blind road and would criticize and educate it. The shopping mall did not buy the blind road. The community to which the mall belongs responded that there had been an accident when the stone pier was not placed. Considering the potential safety hazard, the stone pier was placed to prohibit vehicles from entering. (May 29, Beijing News)

The blind road is a road specially designed to help blind people walk. It is a barrier-free facility, but it is blocked by stone piers. The employees of the shopping mall involved even claimed that the blind road has been "bought out", which is incredible. However, management is not a "buy-out", and you can’t take the blind road for yourself and do whatever you want. The author believes that barrier-free access can not be invaded, and the safety hazard is not a "shield" for stone piers to block blind roads. Relevant staff and managers must correct their wrong thinking, not only take measures to eliminate safety hazards, but also ensure that barrier-free facilities such as blind roads are unimpeded according to law, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of disabled people.

The community staff introduced that after receiving the complaint from the disabled man, the staff had gone to the scene to investigate. According to the feedback from the property company, the building in Times Chaoyang Square is a commercial and residential building, and many residents walk and play badminton in the square. When there was no stone pier on the blind road before, bike-sharing and battery cars often occupied the passage, and cars came in to park, which was easy to conflict with residents’ activities, which was neither safe nor beautiful. A signboard was placed next to the stone pier. If disabled people need to pass, they can call the number on the signboard and pass with the help of the staff. In other words, stone piers are used to block the blind road in order to prevent vehicles from entering the square for parking and eliminate potential safety hazards. This kind of rhetoric seems to have some truth.

However, the stone piers are placed on the blind road, where can the visually impaired people see them, let alone call the notice board for help? They walk on the blind road blocked by the stone piers, and if they are not careful, they will bump into or trip over the stone piers, which is simply a "trip-over", but it will increase the potential safety hazard. In fact, blind roads, as barrier-free facilities, cannot be arbitrarily disposed of and changed for use. Article 28 of the Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that no unit or individual may change the use of barrier-free facilities without authorization or illegally occupy or damage barrier-free facilities. If barrier-free facilities are temporarily occupied due to special circumstances, guardrails, warning signs or signal facilities shall be announced and set up, and necessary alternative measures shall be taken. When the temporary occupation expires, it shall be restored to its original state in time. It can be seen that placing stone piers on blind roads is an illegal act that is not allowed by law and should be corrected and rectified.

The blind road is the "eye" that guides the visually impaired to move forward. Of course, there is no stone pier in the "eye". On the one hand, the property companies involved and relevant managers should enhance their awareness of the rule of law, move away from the stone pier as soon as possible to restore the original state of the blind road, and make this barrier-free passage unimpeded all the way; On the other hand, we can strengthen the order management of squares and nearby roads in conjunction with urban management, traffic police and other departments, add some traffic signs, regulate the orderly parking of vehicles in specified positions, put an end to disorderly parking and blocking barrier-free passages such as blind roads, so as to eliminate all kinds of safety hazards, which can not only ensure the safety of the general public, but also make the travel safety of disabled people. In this way, the nonsense like "buying out" the blind road, and the absurd things that occupy and block the blind road will not happen again.

Some barrier-free facilities such as blind roads have been changed or illegally occupied, which has become a common phenomenon in many cities. City managers and relevant units should strengthen supervision and punishment from the perspective of caring for the disabled, not only to further promote the construction of barrier-free facilities, but also to manage, use and maintain them well, so as to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care for the disabled and make their travel more convenient and safe.

Cross-border e-commerce B2C:

B2C(Business To Customer) is one of the classifications of e-commerce according to the transaction objects, which means the e-commerce between commercial organizations and consumers.

Under the B2C model, Chinese enterprises directly face foreign consumers, mainly selling personal consumer goods, and the logistics mainly adopts air parcels, mail, express delivery, etc. The main body of customs declaration is postal or express delivery companies, and most of them are not included in customs registration at present.

B2C mode

B2C service mode: the service of completing transactions between export enterprises and overseas end consumers through third-party cross-border e-commerce platforms can be divided into open platforms and self-operated platforms according to the operation mode of the platforms.

1. Open platform

Mode introduction: The content of open platform involves all aspects of export e-commerce. Besides the data of buyers and sellers, it also includes the business of goods, shops, transactions, logistics, evaluation, warehousing, marketing and promotion, so as to realize the systematic docking of applications and platforms, and establish its own developer ecosystem around the platform.

Open platform exists more as a management and operation platform provider, and serves both buyers and sellers by integrating platform service resources and sharing data.

Representative companies: Amazon, AliExpress, eBay, Wish.

2. Self-operated platform

Mode introduction: the platform conducts unified production or procurement, product display and online transaction of the products it operates, and delivers the products to the final consumer groups through logistics and distribution.

The self-operated platform introduces, manages and sells various brands of goods by tailoring the purchasing standards that meet the demands of self-brands and consumers’ needs, and highlights the reliability of its own brands based on reliable brands.

The self-operated platform makes great efforts in the management of all key links of the whole transaction process, such as the introduction, classification, display, transaction, logistics distribution and after-sales guarantee, and realizes the real-time management of the whole transaction process through the management of the Internet IT system and the construction of a large-scale warehousing and logistics system.

Representative enterprises: Lanting Jishi, Global Tesco, Milan Net, DX.

　　In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), improve the quality of ecological environment and prevent environmental pollution, the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Oil Storage Tanks is now approved as the national pollutant emission standard, and the revised list of Emission Limits and Measurement Methods of Diesel Engine Exhaust Pollutants for Off-road Mobile Machinery (Phase III and IV of China) (GB 20891-2014) is approved, which will be approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the State Administration of Market Supervision.

Seen allergic to eggs and milk.

But have you ever seen anyone who is allergic to fruit?

lately

Department of Allergy (Allergy), Zhongshan Third Hospital

Deputy Director Feng Peiying

I met such a special patient.

The man itched all over after taking a bite of a peach.

Xiao Wang (pseudonym) from Qingdao came to the Third Hospital of Zhongshan, Guangzhou for medical treatment. He said that after a small bite of a peach, his throat began to itch, and then his whole body itched, which was very uncomfortable and often lasted for several hours.

What is even more strange is that Xiao Wang’s allergic situation has become more and more serious in the past two years. He has been allergic to apples, pears, cherries, apricots, mulberries, winter dates and other fruits, and his symptoms are almost the same as those after eating peaches.

After carefully inquiring about the medical history and making a detailed examination, Feng Peiying initially judged that Xiao Wang was an "atypical allergic person", not allergic to common milk and eggs, not allergic to latex, and his family had no similar allergic history.

In addition, Xiao Wang’s skin prick test showed that peaches, plums, apples, cherries, pears, etc. showed strong positive allergic reactions, but in serological examination, there were no abnormalities in specific allergens and other conventional allergens of birch, pollen with partial cross allergens with fruits.

Xiao Wang’s skin prick test showed that peaches, plums, apples, cherries and pears were positive.

Medical experts and botanists "think about countermeasures"

Combining the medical history and the results of skin prick,

Xiao Wang can be definitely diagnosed as "fruit allergy"

So for fruit allergies,

How should it be treated?

To this end, Feng Peiying initiated the Multidisciplinary Consultation on Allergy (MDT), and specially invited Professor Luo Shixiao, curator of the herbarium of South China National Botanical Garden and director of the South China Plant Identification Center, to work out a careful treatment plan for the patient together with the core experts in the Department of Allergy (Allergy) in the hospital.

Western medicine treatment suggestion

According to the international food allergy guidelines, western medicine experts adopt the following methods for comprehensive treatment:

1, under the guidance of a doctor, find safe and effective anti-allergic drugs. After the occurrence of allergy, patients should take medicine as soon as possible to control symptoms and seek medical advice in time. At the same time, it is suggested that patients should always have an adrenaline pen and use it in time in case of severe allergic reaction to prevent anaphylactic shock.

2. Patients should also pay attention to diet control, avoid eating known allergic fruits, and pay attention to cross-allergy of other Rosaceae fruits, such as hawthorn, loquat, strawberry, plum, etc. And other Moraceae fruits, such as fig, jackfruit, Broussonetia papyrifera fruit, milk fruit and so on.

Chinese medicine treatment suggestion

The patient has a constitution of qi deficiency with dampness. It is suggested that the patient can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine at ordinary times to improve his constitution, reduce the onset of allergies and reduce the severity of allergies.

Usually you can massage Zusanli (located on the outside of the calf, 3 inches below the calf nose (my four horizontal fingers), and the calf nose is connected with Jiexi; Acupoint massage for 3-5 minutes, or draw a circle to the left for 20 times, then draw a circle to the right for 20 times, once in the morning and once in the evening), Sanyinjiao (located 3 inches above the high point of the medial malleolus, at the posterior edge of the medial tibia; Press the thumb and abdomen for 5 minutes, once in the morning and once in the evening) and other acupoints to improve immunity, improve gastrointestinal function and relieve discomfort when allergies occur.

Knowledge about fruit allergy

What is fruit allergy?

Fruit allergy is one of the common food allergic reactions, which is closely related to many factors such as heredity, environment and fruit types, and often cross-reacts with pollen, especially birch pollen allergy, which is a problem that needs attention in food safety.

Allergies can involve skin (local or systemic urticaria, eczema-like dermatitis), gastrointestinal tract (abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting), nasopharynx and lung (rhinitis and asthma, laryngeal edema leading to dyspnea), cardiovascular system (anaphylactic shock) and other organs, and most of them belong to immediate hypersensitivity.

How to find and treat fruit allergy?

According to "Japan Food Allergy Guide 2020", the diagnosis and severity of acute food allergy need to be confirmed by professional doctors through the symptoms, medical history and related laboratory tests of patients.

Grading of food allergy severity (Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2020). Mild hypotension: less than 80 mmHg for 1 year old, less than [80 +(2× age) ]mmHg for 1-10 years old, and less than 100 mmHg for 11 years old to adults. Definition of hypotension: < 70mmHg under 1 year old and < [70+(2× age)] mmhg between 1 and 10 years old; 11 years old to adults < 90mmHg)

For patients with fruit allergy, according to the principles of food allergy diagnosis, if you find that there are allergy-related symptoms (such as itchy throat, cough, itching all over the body, eczema, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, etc.) after eating fruit, it is recommended to go to a specialized hospital for food allergen examination, and the diagnosis needs to focus on:

1. I have a history of drug, food or other allergies, especially pollen allergies;

2. The family has a history of allergies;

3. The detection of serum specific allergen receptors of fruit allergens increased, and the detection of total allergen receptors increased;

4. Fruit skin prick test is positive;

5. Oral food provocation test is positive.

How to prevent fruit allergy?

At present, there is no mature fruit desensitization treatment scheme in China. It is recommended that patients avoid eating related allergic fruits, and pay special attention to the cross-allergy phenomenon of some fruits.

Allergic people should avoid eating some common allergic fruits as much as possible. If they are not sure whether they are allergic to this kind of fruit, they can go to professional medical institutions for food allergy testing. It is recommended to keep anti-allergic drugs on hand.

If allergic phenomena occur after eating allergic fruits by mistake, anti-allergic drugs, such as antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, oral or local use of glucocorticoids and epinephrine, should be used under the guidance of professional doctors.

Suggestions on Diet Management of Common Allergic Fruits

Experts reminded that for fruit allergies, we must "three early and one prevention." Namely, early detection, early diagnosis and early avoidance; Rational use of drugs when allergies occur to prevent the occurrence of serious allergic reactions, and high-risk groups need to keep relevant drugs such as adrenaline to deal with serious allergic reactions.

* Source synthesis of this article: Information Times

Original title: "Man’s whole body itches after biting a peach, and what’s more strange is …"

Read the original text

　　　 [Original Truck House] On April 20th, 2013, at the 15th Shanghai Auto Show, SAIC booth made a collective appearance in N2 Pavilion with all its commercial vehicle brands. Among them, C100 and S100 were brought, in which C300 intermediates and products were exhibited. The following small series uses pictures to conduct a comprehensive scan of SAIC’s booth.

●　 Saic iveco Hongyan

　　　 Hongyan Jieshi C100 8×4 national IV compartment detachable sanitation vehicle is a C100 compartment detachable sanitation vehicle specially developed for the field of environmental transportation, with original iveco core components and leading international vehicle manufacturing standards, which is safe, efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. This model has been put into the field of municipal environmental transportation and has been praised by relevant environmental protection departments. It adopts a flat-topped one-bedroom cab, equipped with Cursor9, with a displacement of 8.71L and a maximum power of 400 HP, which meets the national fourth emission standard and adopts 9 gears.

　　　 The flagship S100 national IV of Hongyan Jieshi also appeared at the auto show. It adopts a high-top two-bedroom cab, equipped with a Cursor13 engine, with a displacement of 12.88L and a maximum power of 480 HP, which meets the national IV(Euro IV) emission standard and adopts a 16-speed gearbox.

●　 Nanjing iveco

　　　 Nanjing Iveco’s brand-new Transcendence Series was also unveiled at the Shanghai Auto Show. The size of C300 medium-sized light truck is (length x width x height) 5105x1960x2220mm, and it is equipped with SOFIM8140.43S3/F1A high voltage.
, the power is 140 horsepower.

　　　 In addition to the models, there are also the engine products of Shangchai and two companies.

●　 Shangchai Power:

　　　 Shangchai
It has two displacements of 2.5L and 2.8L, which meet the national IV and V emission standards, and the power is 250-280 horsepower.

　　　
The displacement of 6.5L meets the emission standards of China III, China IV and China V, and the power is 200-260 HP.

　　　
: 10.4L displacement, in line with national III, IV and V emission standards, with a power of 290-400 horsepower.

●　 Shanghai Philippine Red: Main Corso Series

　　　 Cursor13 engine: 12.88L displacement, in line with European III, IV, V, VI emission standards, power coverage of 350-460 horsepower.

　　　 Cursor9 engine: 8.7L displacement, in line with European III, IV, V emission standards, power coverage of 290-400 horsepower.

　　　 F1C engine: 3.0L displacement, in line with Euro IV and V emission standards, with a power coverage of 150-180 HP.

　　　 There is also a brand show car on the SAIC booth. For more details, the truck house will be presented to you later, so please pay attention!

　　　 SAIC booth real shot gallery: http://product.360che.com/expc2011/2096.html

　　　 2013 15th Shanghai International Auto Show Gallery: http://product.360che.com/expc2011/2084.html

　　　 Special Report of 2013 Shanghai Auto Show: http://www.360che.com/zhuanti/20130420

If you catch a cold, will you carry it hard? A seemingly unremarkable cold may kill you.

Recently, a number of bloggers wrote that Ren Rongrong, the second baby mother of online celebrity in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, died of a cold at the age of 38. According to an insider, Ren Rongrong’s cold and fever caused pneumonia, and his condition developed too fast. According to the information disclosed by her husband, Ren Rongrong had symptoms of cold and fever on January 21, but he did not go to the hospital for breastfeeding. He went to the hospital on the 22nd and was transferred to intensive care on the 23rd. After six rescues, he failed to save him. He died on the 24th, and the whole process was only four days.

This unexpected tragedy sounded a health alarm for us. Why can a small cold have such a big consequence?Should I carry a cold or see a doctor? What should I do if my mother is sick during lactation? Can I take medicine?

Ren Rongrong’s related short video account in Tik Tok reads: "After 80, the second-born mother recorded her daily routine with video, with her sister in August of 19 and her sister in November of 23." This account not only records the daily parenting, but also brings goods. Its top video said, "It is an entrepreneurial treasure mother who is trying to change the status quo."

On January 21 ST, the account posted a video saying, "The second-born mother dragged on for two, and she caught a cold and had a fever during lactation. I lost my voice and cried with great pain."

However, five days later, on January 26th, the account published an obituary saying that Ren Rongrong, his beloved wife, died on January 24th at the age of 38. After that, the account said that it was ready to keep this account and leave a thought for relatives, friends and children.

On January 27th, the account again posted that: My wife’s physical condition was normal on Friday and Saturday. On Sunday, her temperature was 38.7 degrees, and she wanted to hold on to breast-feeding her child … On Monday afternoon, she was a little tired, and in the evening, she collapsed. At 8 o’clock in the evening, I said we should stop holding on and go to the hospital … On Tuesday, the doctor said that we should be sedated and anesthetized and put on the ventilator and transferred to intensive care … The symptoms showed no signs of improvement, and then she went into a deep coma, after 6 years.

The article also stated that "At present, the diagnosis conclusions given by doctors are severe pneumonia, type 1 respiratory failure and septic shock.I regret it very much. I can send it to the hospital in time if something happens to Dabao. Why didn’t you drag her to the hospital earlier when she was in trouble? "The reporter privately believed in the account and has not received a reply yet.

An insider who attended the farewell ceremony revealed that Ren Rongrong did die and her husband was handling the follow-up matters. Another Ms. Liu, who knows Ren Rongrong, told reporters that "a cold and fever caused pneumonia, and the condition developed too fast."

The 38-year-old Bao Ma died suddenly due to pneumonia caused by a cold. Many netizens were shocked and sorry about this.

There is also a doctor, Dr. V, who appeared to remind: "Don’t underestimate the cold, especially the flu. Although there is generally no serious illness, it can really kill people."

According to Dr. Yang from a hospital in Changsha, generally speaking, people who are old and weak, have weak resistance or have basic diseases are more likely to suffer from pneumonia. For example, people with basic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes will have repeated attacks of lung inflammation due to poor resistance, which will aggravate the original diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and seriously affect the ventilation function of the respiratory system.

In addition,Nowadays, many young people are stressed and love to stay up late, which will lead to the decline of the body’s resistance. Once they catch a cold, it is easy to delay into pneumonia. If you don’t pay attention to a small cold, you don’t take medicine or treat it. You always feel that if you are young and healthy, you can delay it. As a result, you go to the doctor after a long cough or a high fever. This may be the main reason for the frequent occurrence of pneumonia in young adults.

Dr. Yang reminded that to prevent pneumonia, we should first pay attention to keeping warm when changing seasons, so as to prevent the respiratory tract from losing its ability to resist viruses and bacteria due to severe temperature changes, and then pay attention to air circulation. Especially for the elderly with weak constitution and poor resistance, they are prone to repeated infections in an environment with poor air circulation. Once the family members find that the elderly have poor spirits and poor appetite after catching a cold, they must go to the hospital to check and rule out whether they have pneumonia.

Generally, pneumonia is not serious as long as it is treated in time, but some young people don’t take it seriously after catching a cold, thinking that good health can resist the past. It is difficult to control the illness after it is delayed, especially for young people who are working overtime and tired, and continuing to work hard after catching a cold is to accelerate the "depreciation" of the body.

In addition, citizens should pay attention to a reasonable diet, light diet, eat less spicy food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, pay attention to drinking more water, ensure adequate sleep, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest to prevent immunity from declining.

The common clinical symptoms of pneumonia mainly include cough, expectoration, chills, fever, or nausea, vomiting and dyspnea.,Critical patients may also have clinical manifestations of shock such as syncope, blood pressure drop and loss of consciousness, and even life-threatening. But according to different pathogen infection, there may be different clinical manifestations.

The symptoms of pneumonia are very similar to colds, such as cough, fever, listlessness, cold hands and feet, etc. Although there are many common manifestations, there are several basic dividing points between colds and pneumonia:

1. Anatomically. A cold is an upper respiratory infection, which refers to acute inflammation from the external nostril to the lower edge of cricoid cartilage, including nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection, that is, a respiratory tract infection below the throat.

2. From the clinical manifestations. The cough of a cold is not very severe, with less sputum or easy to cough up. The onset of cold is more urgent, mainly manifested as sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, sore throat and so on. The cough of pneumonia is often severe and frequent, with excessive phlegm and even asthma and shortness of breath. Some patients have difficulty breathing.

3. From the treatment methods. Most colds can heal themselves, and generally do not need anti-infection treatment. The most common pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia. According to the severity of the disease, initial empirical anti-infection treatment should be given as soon as possible.

For most healthy people, the common cold can heal itself without seeing a doctor, but please see a doctor in time if:

Although the common cold is a minor illness, there are still complications.It is generally recommended that cold medicine should not be taken continuously for more than one week. If the symptoms are still not relieved or disappeared after taking it continuously for one week, they should go to the hospital for treatment.

2. For patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and lung diseases or children and the elderly with low immunity,It is very necessary to seek medical treatment in time for a cold. If not treated in time, it may aggravate the original condition or induce other diseases, such as pneumonia and viral myocarditis.

It’s not the common cold but the flu.The common cold has severe nasal symptoms but mild systemic symptoms, while the flu has severe systemic symptoms but mild nasal symptoms, which are mainly manifested as sudden onset of high fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise. The body temperature can reach 39-40℃, and there may be systemic symptoms such as chills, aching muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue and loss of appetite, which are often accompanied by sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum and flushing on the face. Although they look similar, the course of influenza progresses faster. If not treated in time, severe pneumonia, viral myocarditis and so on may occur, even life-threatening. Therefore, influenza should be treated with antiviral drugs within 48 hours after symptoms appear.

Whether to bite your teeth or take medicine for weaning when you are sick during lactation is the most tangled problem for Bao Ma. In fact, neither of these practices is desirable. When a lactating mother is sick, she can neither carry it hard nor blindly use drugs. She should seek the help of doctors and pharmacists in time to use drugs correctly, reasonably and safely.

Wang Yuwei, a professor of pediatrics and doctoral supervisor at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, pointed out that breastfeeding mothers can continue breastfeeding during a cold, and try to choose single-component drugs when taking medicine.

Wang Yuwei explained that the most common disease of lactating women is upper respiratory tract infection, which can cause symptoms such as fever, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat and cough. There is no need to stop breastfeeding during this period, because whether it is bacterial or viral infection, when the mother has symptoms, the baby has already been exposed to the infected environment. Antibodies that have been produced in milk are beneficial to infants’ resistance to diseases. Generally speaking, the cold virus does not spread through breastfeeding, but through respiratory air droplets. In addition, breast milk is the most ideal food for babies. Interrupting breast-feeding is not good for babies’ growth and development, and it will also affect their psychological development. So mother can continue breastfeeding during the cold.

If it is a cold with fever, it is recommended that mother stop breastfeeding for 1-2 days during high fever..

There are several medication principles that should be paid attention to when catching a cold during lactation:

1. Use appropriate drugs only when the condition really requires medical treatment;

2. Try to choose single-component drugs and avoid using compound preparations;

3. Give priority to external preparations, followed by oral preparations, and finally intravenous infusion;

4. Choose the right time for medication. It is recommended to give medicine immediately after breastfeeding, and delay the next breastfeeding time as much as possible, at least 4 hours apart, so that most drugs can be metabolized and excreted in the mother’s body, and the drug concentration in the milk will be reduced;

Spring Festival travel rush is opening, and the Spring Festival is approaching. Recently, people’s mobility and gathering activities have increased, and the risk of respiratory diseases such as colds and flu has increased. Pai Paijun reminds readers that health and safety must not be relaxed!

(References: Upstream News, Image Network, Morning News, Popular Science China, Changsha Central Hospital, Nanning CDC, China Pharmaceutical magazine, comments from netizens, etc.)

Topic Host | Reporter Wu Xia

　　In August, the national consumer market continued to recover, and the latest price data showed that China’s economic operation was gradually improving.

　　According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on September 9, in August, the national consumer price index (CPI) changed from a year-on-year decrease of 0.3% to an increase of 0.1%. It rose by 0.3% from the previous month, with an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous month. The year-on-year increase of CPI turned positive, releasing the signal of economic recovery.

　　Consumption is an important part of the economic cycle and plays a fundamental role in economic growth. In August, non-food prices changed from the same level last month to a year-on-year increase of 0.5%, which played a pulling role in the year-on-year increase of CPI. Supported by the summer travel demand, the prices of air tickets, travel and hotel accommodation increased by 17.6%, 14.8% and 13.4% respectively. Affected by the fluctuation of international crude oil prices and the improvement of demand, the year-on-year decline of industrial consumer goods prices narrowed by 1.1 percentage points compared with last month.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the consumer market has recovered in an orderly manner, and the relationship between supply and demand has gradually improved. A series of policies and measures to promote consumption continued to exert their strength to promote consumption to continue to pick up.

　　On July 24, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting emphasized that it is necessary to actively expand domestic demand, give play to the basic role of consumption in stimulating economic growth, expand consumption by increasing residents’ income, and promote effective supply through terminal demand, and organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening structural reform on the supply side; It is necessary to boost the bulk consumption of automobiles, electronic products, homes and other services, and promote the consumption of sports, leisure, cultural tourism and other services.

　　Subsequently, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments and localities continued to introduce measures to stabilize consumption, promote the development of the private economy, adjust and optimize real estate policies, and effectively promote various measures to take effect as soon as possible. Among them, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Measures on Restoring and Expanding Consumption" to promote the recovery and expansion of consumption in 20 aspects. The Ministry of Commerce designated this year as the "year of boosting consumption" and launched a series of consumption promotion activities around various consumption scenarios. The recovery of the consumer market in August is the result of many factors.

　　At the same time that the overall consumer price has rebounded, the ex-factory price of industrial products has also shown signs of recovery. In August, PPI (ex-factory price index of industrial producers) increased from the previous month, and the year-on-year decline narrowed. The purchasing managers’ index (PMI) of the manufacturing industry in August was 49.7%, up 0.4 percentage points from last month, indicating that the prosperity of the manufacturing industry has further improved. Among them, both the production index and the new order index have reached the high point in the past five months, indicating that production demand has picked up and manufacturing activities have accelerated.

　　At present, the international environment is complex and changeable. As the second largest economy and the second largest consumer market in the world, the rebound of many economic indicators in China has sent a positive signal to the international market. Recently, UBS Wealth Management Agency and Fidelity Fund all expressed their optimism about China’s consumption recovery and economic growth prospects.

　　With the widespread commercialization and popularization of information network technologies such as artificial intelligence, mobile Internet, metauniverse and blockchain, online consumption has become an important part of people’s daily life. In 2022, China’s online retail sales amounted to 13.79 trillion yuan, and the e-commerce platform, which is the key monitoring platform of online retail market in China, has accumulated over 120 million live broadcasts, with over 1.1 trillion people watching, over 95 million live products and nearly 1.1 million active anchors. From January to May, 2023, the national online retail sales accounted for 30.3% of the total social consumption retail sales. In the "618" shopping festival in 2023, the cumulative sales of the whole network such as integrated e-commerce platforms and live broadcast platforms reached 798.7 billion yuan, a record high in the past six years, an increase of 480.625 billion yuan over 2019. As a typical representative of the new format of digital economy, online retail e-commerce platform has become a new engine to stimulate consumption, smooth circulation and boost the economy.

　　Looking forward to the next stage, Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day and other holidays are expected to continue to drive consumption to pick up steadily, and policies such as promoting household consumption, "recognizing housing but not lending" and adjusting the interest rate of existing mortgage loans are also expected to have a positive and long-term impact on consumption. With the acceleration of the package of policies and measures and the improvement of both supply and demand, the growth momentum of China’s economy will gradually increase, and more warmth can be expected. (Yang Guangwang commentator Zhang Shengqi)