[car home] ] On November 12th, we obtained the official map of its small SUV——2025 (|) model from Baojun. As a redesigned model, the car will be equipped with Lingmu Zhijia 2.0 Max and will be listed at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which opened on November 15th. As an understanding, there are two models on sale, with prices of 93,800 and 103,800 respectively.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the China Municipal Government, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of the National Emergency Response System. The full text is as follows:

　　The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of National Emergency Response System

　　This plan is formulated in accordance with the Emergency Response Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant documents.

　　1 Status quo and situation

　　1.1 "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period construction results

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s emergency response system has made important progress, and its comprehensive ability to prevent and respond to emergencies has been significantly improved.

　　— — We will improve the emergency response mechanism for disaster relief under the overall guidance of the central government and the command of the local authorities nearby, and take responsibility at different levels and cooperate with each other. We will establish a post-disaster recovery and reconstruction mechanism under the overall guidance of the central government, with local authorities as the main body and extensive participation of the people in the disaster areas. We will establish a responsibility system for production safety in which the party and government share responsibility, one post and two responsibilities, make concerted efforts to manage and pursue responsibility for dereliction of duty. We will revise more than 5.5 million emergency plans and further improve the emergency management system.

　　— — The establishment of the National Early Warning Information Publishing Center and the National Emergency Broadcasting Center, the implementation of natural disaster prevention and mitigation projects, hidden dangers investigation and management projects, and the establishment of online public opinion and various emergency monitoring and early warning systems have significantly enhanced the ability to prevent emergencies.

　　— — Initially establish a national emergency platform system; 99% of county-level governments rely on public security and fire fighting forces to set up comprehensive emergency rescue teams, and armed police professional rescue forces are incorporated into the national emergency system, and national nuclear emergency rescue teams, national health emergency rescue teams, national mine emergency rescue teams, and national emergency surveying and mapping support teams are set up, so that emergency rescue and support capabilities are rapidly improved.

　　— — Major emergency facilities and equipment, such as AG600 large-scale fire fighting/water rescue amphibious aircraft, mobile bio-safety level III laboratory, large-scale and multi-functional rescue integration at rescue site, were successfully developed, the construction of national emergency industry demonstration base was carried out, and a number of related social organizations, such as China Emergency Management Society and China Safety Industry Association, were established, and the support capacity of science and technology and industry was strengthened.

　　— — We will promote the construction of grass-roots demonstration projects such as comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration communities, safety demonstration communities and comprehensive health emergency demonstration zones, initially establish a new national emergency media platform, extensively carry out popular science education and emergency drills, and further enhance the public’s awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance.

　　— — Actively participate in international emergency rescue and humanitarian emergency assistance, successfully organize and implement the large-scale evacuation of our personnel in Libya, assist West African countries in fighting Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and appease the families of passengers of Malaysia Airlines MH370 crashed passenger plane. Make full use of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, ASEAN Regional Forum and other frameworks and mechanisms to continuously deepen international exchanges and cooperation in emergency management. China’s political and organizational advantages in coping with catastrophes have been widely recognized by the international community, and it has played an increasingly important and constructive role in international and regional emergency affairs.

　　Compared with the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the number of missing persons and direct economic losses caused by natural disasters decreased by 92.6% and 21.8% respectively, the number of production safety accidents and deaths decreased by 30.9% and 25% respectively, and the number of public health incidents and reported cases decreased by 48.5% and 68.1% respectively. In particular, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China successfully responded to earthquake disasters such as Lushan in Sichuan, Ludian in Yunnan, Zhangxian in Min County, Gansu Province, basin floods in Songhua River in Northeast China and Heilongjiang, and the sinking of the passenger ship "Oriental Star". The "11 22" Sinopec Donghuang oil pipeline leakage and explosion accident in Qingdao, the "8 12" Ruihai dangerous goods warehouse accident in Tianjin Port and the "12 20" landslide accident in Shenzhen Guangming New District have effectively prevented and controlled human infections with sudden acute infectious diseases such as H5N1 avian influenza, H7N9 avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola hemorrhagic fever and plague. A series of serious emergencies, such as the "March 1" Kunming Railway Station and the "May 22" Urumqi serious violent terrorist attack, have been properly handled, and the emergency system has withstood severe tests and been continuously strengthened and improved in practice.

　　1.2 "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period facing the situation

　　The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the decisive stage for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council put the maintenance of public safety in a more prominent position, demanding that the concept of safe development should be firmly established, public safety should be regarded as the most basic livelihood, and an all-round and three-dimensional public safety net should be woven for the people to live and work in peace and contentment, social stability and order, and the country’s long-term stability. The construction of China’s emergency response system is facing new development opportunities. At the same time, we should also see that the current public security situation is severe and complicated, and further promoting the construction of emergency system is facing the challenges of increasing risks and overlapping contradictions.

　　Judging from the situation of unexpected events,Emergencies are still in a period of frequent occurrence. Earthquake, geological disasters, floods, droughts, extreme weather events, marine disasters, forest and grassland fires and other serious natural disasters are widely distributed, causing heavy losses and great difficulty in disaster relief; The total number of production safety accidents is still relatively large, and major accidents occur frequently in key industries such as road traffic, coal mining and dangerous chemicals. With the increase of service life, the hidden dangers of accidents gradually appear in some urban infrastructure such as buildings, lifeline projects and underground pipe networks. Sudden environmental pollution incidents caused by production safety accidents, pollutant discharge or natural disasters are frequent, endangering public life, health and property safety, threatening the ecological environment and causing significant social impact; Notifiable infectious diseases such as plague and cholera occur from time to time, and sudden acute infectious diseases appear continuously all over the world. The risk of imported infectious diseases and misuse of biotechnology is increasing, the foundation of food and drug safety is still weak, and it is more difficult to prevent and control public health incidents. The relationship between social interests is complicated, there are many factors inducing group events, and the security risks related to foreign affairs are increasing day by day, so social security is facing new challenges.

　　Judging from the complexity of emergencies,All kinds of risks are intertwined, showing the characteristics of natural and man-made disaster-causing factors interrelated, traditional and non-traditional security factors interacting, and existing social contradictions intertwined with emerging social contradictions. In the process of industrialization, urbanization, internationalization and informatization, the relevance, derivation, complexity and unconventional of emergencies are constantly increasing, and the trend of cross-regional and internationalization is becoming increasingly obvious and more harmful; With the rapid development of network new media, emergencies are echoed online and offline, and information is spread rapidly, which increases the difficulty of emergency response. At the same time, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the public put forward higher requirements for the government to deal with emergencies in time and ensure public safety.

　　Judging from the development status of China’s emergency system,It is not adapted to the severe and complicated public security situation. Mainly manifested in: attaching importance to post-event disposal, ignoring pre-preparation, inadequate investigation and management of potential risks, imperfect laws and standards system, inadequate sharing of information resources, imperfect policy guarantee measures, and urgent need to strengthen the basic ability of emergency management; Emergency teams lack rescue equipment and core capabilities, and the professional and regional distribution structure is unbalanced; The structure of emergency materials reserve is unreasonable, the efficiency of rapid transportation and distribution is not high, the mechanism of resource sharing and emergency requisition compensation needs to be improved, the ability of emergency information release and dissemination is insufficient, the foundation of public safety science and technology innovation is weak, the conversion rate of achievements is not high, the market potential of emergency industry is far from being transformed into actual demand, and the emergency support ability needs to be further improved; China’s urban development has entered a new period, and the pressure on the construction of emergency management system adapted to urban security has increased; Grass-roots emergency response ability is weak, the degree of public participation in emergency management is low, public safety awareness and self-help and mutual rescue ability are generally weak, and the social coordinated response mechanism needs to be improved; With the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy and the construction of a new pattern of all-round opening up, the demand for protecting the safety of citizens and institutions outside China is growing, and the ability to participate in international emergency needs to be improved.

　　2 guiding ideology, basic principles and construction objectives

　　2.1 guiding ideology

　　Fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development as the guidance, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, firmly establish the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and adhere to the goal and problem orientation according to the requirements of weaving an all-round and three-dimensional public safety network. Efforts should be made to supplement the shortcomings, weave the bottom net, strengthen the core, promote coordination, promote the legalization, standardization, refinement and informatization of emergency management, minimize emergencies and their losses, and provide security for building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　2.2 Basic principles

　　— —Adhere to the source management and move forward.Innovate emergency management systems and methods, and strengthen the combination of prevention and emergency, normal and abnormal; Strengthen risk identification and assessment, control risks and eliminate hidden dangers to the maximum extent, and promote the transformation of emergency management from emergency disposal to whole-process risk management.

　　— —Adhere to the bottom line thinking and be prepared.Focus on the most severe and complicated situation, deeply study the dynamic evolution law of the occurrence and development of emergencies, take the problem as the guide, put forward the needs of emergency prevention and emergency capacity building, make various emergency preparations in a targeted manner, and firmly grasp the initiative.

　　— —Adhere to resource integration and highlight key points.On the basis of making full use of the existing emergency rescue and support resources of the government and society, we should sort out the needs of departments and localities, rationally plan the construction contents that need to be further supplemented, improved and strengthened, focus on improving the information and resource sharing mechanism, and improve the core emergency rescue capabilities, social coordinated response capabilities and grassroots basic capabilities.

　　— —Adhere to scientific response and legal protection.Respect nature and laws, proceed from reality, innovate scientific and technological means and methods, and improve the scientific level of emergency management; Improve laws and regulations, strengthen standards and norms, and improve the decision-making mechanism according to law.

　　— —Adhere to government leadership and social coordination.Improve government governance, pay more attention to the role of market mechanism, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the masses, and strengthen social participation; We will improve the linkage mechanism of all parties and strengthen regional coordination, urban-rural coordination, industry coordination, military-civilian coordination and emergency response coordination.

　　— —Adhere to the global vision and win-win cooperation.Serve the new all-round opening pattern led by the "Belt and Road" and improve the ability to protect Chinese citizens and institutions abroad; Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in emergency management, actively assume international responsibilities and obligations, and constructively participate in international emergency affairs.

　　2.3 Construction objectives

　　2.3.1 Overall objective

　　By 2020, an emergency response system will be established that matches the challenge of effectively responding to public safety risks, meets the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, covers the whole process of emergency management and involves the whole society. The basic ability of emergency management will be continuously improved, the core emergency rescue ability will be significantly enhanced, the comprehensive emergency support ability will be comprehensively strengthened, the social coordinated response ability will be significantly improved, the foreign-related emergency response ability will be strengthened, the emergency management system will be further improved, and the emergency management level will reach a new level.

　　2.3.2 Classification objectives

　　Corresponding to the overall objectives and main tasks, the planning classification objectives of key construction areas during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period are determined according to the principles of relevance, pertinence, comprehensiveness, realizability, decomposition and implementation, and combination of qualitative and quantitative.

　　— — The basic ability of emergency management has been continuously improved. The emergency risk management and control system was basically formed, and the public safety risk assessment was completed and the public safety risk list was compiled; The resilience of urban and rural communities and infrastructure has been steadily improved, and emergency shelters have met the emergency shelter needs of permanent residents; The standardization of emergency management capacity in towns (streets) and the construction of emergency service stations (points) in administrative villages (communities) have basically achieved full coverage.

　　— — The core emergency rescue capability has been significantly enhanced. The personnel and equipment of the national emergency rescue team meet the needs of actual work, the prevention and control system of sudden acute infectious diseases is basically sound, and the three-dimensional medical rescue network of land, sea and air is basically formed.

　　— — Comprehensive emergency support capabilities have been comprehensively strengthened. The support capability of the emergency platform has been further enhanced, a three-dimensional emergency communication service support network integrating heaven and earth and sharing with each other has been basically formed, and the comprehensive support capability of emergency materials has been rapidly improved.

　　— — The ability of social coordination and coping has improved significantly. With the rapid development of professional emergency volunteers, the output value of the emergency industry has increased substantially, and new technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and Beidou navigation have been widely used in the emergency field.

　　— — The emergency management system was further improved. The system of emergency management laws, regulations and standards has been further improved; The emergency management mechanism of emergency prevention and emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, emergency disposal and rescue, recovery and reconstruction is more perfect; Emergency plan management is more standardized, and the pertinence and operability of the plan are further improved; A cross-regional emergency management cooperation pattern that meets the needs of regional coordinated development and public security situation has basically taken shape.

　　3 Main tasks

　　3.1 Strengthen the basic capacity building of emergency management.

　　Improve the emergency risk management and control system, strengthen the resilience of urban and rural communities and infrastructure, improve the monitoring and early warning service system, strengthen the capacity building of urban and grassroots emergency management, and enhance the basic ability and level of emergency management.

　　3.1.1 Improve the emergency risk management and control system.

　　3.1.1.1 has established and improved the standards and norms for emergency risk assessment, carried out emergency risk assessment, established and improved the database of major risks and hidden dangers, and realized dynamic management in the whole process of identification, assessment, monitoring, early warning and disposal of various major risks and hidden dangers. Actively promote the standardization of emergency risk management and control in villages, communities, enterprises and industrial parks, so that there are personnel, systems, plans, drills and guarantees, and gradually realize the grid management of emergency risks in the country.

　　3.1.1.2 carried out a national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, and compiled natural disaster risk maps and comprehensive zoning maps of national, provincial, municipal and county-level administrative units in disaster-prone areas. Promote the investigation and evaluation of natural disaster risk and comprehensive disaster reduction capacity in big cities and urban agglomerations and major engineering project construction areas.

　　3.1.1.3 has strengthened the system of risk management and control of production safety, investigation and management of hidden dangers, informatization of production safety supervision and capacity building of supervision. Strengthen the safety supervision and risk control of important facilities and equipment such as oil and gas pipelines, high-voltage transmission lines and special equipment, and industries such as railway transportation, waterway transportation, road traffic, urban public transport and rail transit, dangerous chemicals, coal mines, non-coal mines and fireworks.

　　3.1.1.4 builds a whole-process and multi-level environmental risk prevention system and implements the whole-process management of environmental risks. Strengthen the capacity building of environmental and health risk assessment of toxic and harmful chemicals; Strengthen risk early warning and prevention and control in key areas such as heavily polluted weather, water pollution in key river basins, drinking water source pollution, cultivated land pollution, hazardous waste pollution, radioactive pollution and toxic and harmful gas release; Improve the early warning and prevention and control system of environmental risks in industrial parks.

　　3.1.1.5 has improved the system of public health, food and drug safety inspection and risk prevention and control, improved the ability of early prevention and timely detection of sudden acute infectious diseases, major animal and plant epidemics, food safety emergencies, adverse drug reactions, medical device adverse events and agricultural product quality and safety emergencies, and strengthened risk communication.

　　3.1.1.6 has improved the three-dimensional social security prevention and control system and built a basic comprehensive service management platform; Improve the interest coordination mechanism, appeal expression mechanism and contradiction mediation system, and improve the social stability risk assessment mechanism for major decisions.

　　3.1.1.7 has improved the national network security system, improved the risk prevention and control capability of key information infrastructure, and ensured the safe and smooth operation of business systems in basic industries such as finance, electric power, communication and transportation.

　　3.1.2 Improve the resilience of urban and rural communities and infrastructure.

　　In accordance with the principle of giving consideration to safety and economy, 3.1.2.1 has improved the comprehensive disaster prevention planning for urban and rural areas, upgraded the disaster fortification standards for key infrastructure, and made overall plans to promote the construction of the anti-damage and rapid recovery support capacity for infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, communication, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, radio and television.

　　3.1.2.2 has further promoted the renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural areas and old urban residential areas, strengthened hidden dangers management and seismic reinforcement, and improved safety performance.

　　3.1.2.3 implemented the national standard of Code for Design of Disaster Prevention Shelters, combined with regional and urban-rural construction and development planning, and accelerated the construction of various emergency shelters at all levels according to disaster characteristics, population distribution and urban-rural layout.

　　3.1.2.4 strictly restricts the management of pollution intake in water functional areas and the supervision of sewage outlets entering rivers and lakes, strengthens the construction of major water diversion projects, key water source projects and key projects for river and lake management, strengthens the management of major water diversion projects and emergency water dispatching in important inter-provincial river basins, further promotes the management of small and medium-sized rivers, the construction of small and medium-sized reservoirs and other small water conservancy facilities, and improves the ability of flood control, drought relief and water security.

　　3.1.2.5 has strengthened the disaster prevention capacity building of important infrastructure such as railways, highways, ports, waterways and transmission lines, and improved its ability to resist extreme weather such as typhoon, freezing, rainstorm (snow), lightning, gale and fog.

　　3.1.2.6 has strengthened the construction of emergency roads and barrier systems for forest and grassland fire prevention, and promoted the basic capacity building of desertification land control and forest pest control in sandstorm source areas and sandstorm path areas.

　　3.1.2.7 strengthens the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation system for agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, improves disaster prevention standards for agricultural production facilities, and enhances the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery and its ability to cope with climate change.

　　3.1.2.8 has strengthened the construction, management, maintenance and risk assessment of roads in rural and mountainous areas, especially in areas prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides and mudslides, improved the traffic safety risk release mechanism, and improved the disaster prevention and security capabilities of road infrastructure.

　　3.1.2.9 strictly implements the safety standards for the planning, design and construction of enterprise production facilities, and scientifically plans and arranges mines, hazardous chemicals production, storage and loading and unloading areas, and oil and gas pipelines; Implementation of urban densely populated areas and environmentally sensitive areas of hazardous chemicals enterprises production, storage safety and environmental protection relocation project, according to the law to rectify the closure of poor security conditions of small coal mines, small metal non-metallic mines, small fireworks and firecrackers enterprises, from the source to eliminate potential safety hazards.

　　3.1.3 Improve the emergency monitoring and early warning service system.

　　3.1.3.1 will strengthen the infrastructure construction of meteorological and hydrological monitoring and forecasting in key areas, and improve the ability of forecasting and early warning of medium and small-scale severe convective weather, typhoons, rainstorms and other geological disasters, floods and other secondary disasters that may be caused by them.

　　3.1.3.2 will further improve the seismic network and enhance the ability of earthquake tracking and monitoring; Implement the national earthquake intensity quick report and early warning project, and vigorously promote the application of earthquake early warning and emergency disposal technology for major engineering facilities such as nuclear facilities, oil and gas pipelines, large petrochemical enterprises, high-speed rail and urban rail transit; Strengthen the capacity building of submarine seismic monitoring in the sea areas under our jurisdiction.

　　3.1.3.3 makes full use of existing projects and resources, improves monitoring means such as satellites, airplanes, ships and stations, establishes a real-time online monitoring system for marine environment, and improves the early warning capability of marine disasters, oil spills on offshore platforms and Marine pollution detection.

　　3.1.3.4 has improved the monitoring network of agricultural and forestry disasters, established pest monitoring stations and wildlife epidemic monitoring stations covering the whole country, and improved animal and plant inspection and quarantine and epidemic monitoring and early warning systems. Establish a monitoring and early warning network for alien invasive organisms, improve the entry-exit biological safety inspection mechanism, and effectively prevent alien biological invasion.

　　3.1.3.5 has accelerated the construction of forest and grassland fire observation platform and video monitoring system, and improved the capabilities of satellite remote sensing fire monitoring, aerial patrol and ground patrol.

　　3.1.3.6 has established and improved the national environmental safety dynamic monitoring and early warning system, and promoted the construction of real-time online environmental monitoring and control system and environmental protection big data. Improve the information reporting and disclosure mechanism of environmental emergencies.

　　3.1.3.7 implements the information construction project of safety production, realizes the integration of government supervision and law enforcement, online monitoring of enterprises and early warning and prevention and control information, and enhances the monitoring capability of major hazard sources.

　　3.1.3.8 has strengthened the capacity building of monitoring traffic safety information such as national trunk highway network, high-speed railway network, inland river high-grade waterway network, air transportation and satellite communication, so as to realize dynamic monitoring of operation status. Strengthen the monitoring of large passenger flow in public transportation and crowded places.

　　3.1.3.9 has strengthened prevention and early warning measures for sudden acute infectious diseases, continuously improved monitoring means, improved risk assessment and reporting system, promoted the construction of rapid detection technology platform for sudden acute infectious diseases, and improved the ability of timely detection and scientific early warning.

　　3.1.3.10 has improved the information direct reporting of food safety emergencies and the public opinion monitoring network system, integrated the data of food safety risk monitoring, supervision and sampling inspection, edible agricultural products risk monitoring and supervision and sampling inspection, established and improved the early warning analysis model and system, and improved the food safety monitoring and early warning ability.

　　3.1.3.11 has established and improved the dynamic monitoring and early warning system of financial risks, strengthened the monitoring of Internet finance, private equity investment funds and other emerging markets, strengthened the emergency response capacity building of emerging financial formats, improved the working mechanism for preventing and handling illegal fund-raising, optimized the risk hidden danger identification and early warning function of cross-market data exchange platform, and ensured the stable operation of the national financial system.

　　3.1.3.12 has improved the emergency early warning information release system of "classified management, graded early warning, platform sharing and standardized release", broadened the channels of early warning information release, strengthened the ability of accurate release for specific regions and specific people, and improved the coverage, accuracy and timeliness of early warning information release.

　　3.1.3.13 promotes the construction of national emergency broadcasting system, upgrades transmission coverage network, arranges emergency broadcasting terminals, and improves disaster tolerance and resilience; Improve the emergency information collection and release mechanism, realize the effective docking with the emergency early warning information release system, improve the national emergency broadcasting system operation system and related standards and norms, and enhance the public-oriented emergency information dissemination ability.

　　3.1.4 Strengthen the risk management of urban public safety.

　　3.1.4.1 promotes urban public safety risk assessment, encourages the compilation of urban public safety risk list, forms a "map" of urban risks based on geographic information system, and monitors major risk sources in real time.

　　3.1.4.2 promotes the life-cycle risk management of lifeline engineering, and does a good job in risk assessment and safety supervision of buildings, urban bridges, building curtain walls, slopes (high cut slopes), urban rail transit (tunnels and elevated structures), underground utility tunnel, pipelines, elevators and large amusement facilities.

　　3.1.4.3 actively and orderly promotes the construction of urban infrastructure such as sponge city, underground utility tunnel, civil air defense project and urban emergency water source, and improves the risk management, monitoring, early warning and emergency response mechanism to improve the comprehensive disaster prevention capability of the city.

　　3.1.4.4 implements the urban grid management mode combining normal and emergency management, establishes and improves the urban emergency management unit, and standardizes the standardized operation process of grid inspection. Combined with the construction of smart cities, improve the grid management information platform, strengthen the function of emergency prediction and early warning, find the signs of emergencies in time, and improve the timeliness of early disposal.

　　3.1.4.5 explores and improves the comprehensive emergency management mode of urban emergency linkage, strengthens the construction of urban emergency command and dispatch platform and emergency linkage working mechanism, improves the ability of multi-department joint coordination, and realizes unified dispatch, departmental linkage, resource sharing, rapid response and efficient disposal.

　　3.1.5 Strengthen the emergency management capacity at the grass-roots level.

　　3.1.5.1 continues to promote the construction of grass-roots emergency teams. Relying on local superior rescue forces and militia, we will promote the construction of a comprehensive township emergency team that combines full-time and multi-functional, and strengthen communication and other equipment and material reserves. We will develop a team of emergency information officers such as disaster information officers, meteorological information officers, group monitoring and prevention officers, food and drug safety liaison officers, grid officers, etc., strengthen comprehensive business training, encourage "one member with multiple roles", and give necessary financial subsidies. Strengthen the construction of militia emergency forces.

　　3.1.5.2 has carried out the standardization construction of emergency management capacity at the grassroots level in towns (streets) with teams, mechanisms, plans, teams, materials and training drills as the main contents, promoted the construction of emergency service stations (points) in administrative villages (communities) with facilities, equipment and materials and working systems as the main contents, promoted the development and popularization of mobile client software for the public and grassroots emergency personnel, and strengthened grassroots risk assessment and hidden danger investigation.

　　3.1.5.3 standardizes the establishment of "safe community", "comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration community", "fire safety community", "earthquake safety demonstration community", "comprehensive health emergency demonstration community" and "safe community", and improves the relevant standards and norms for the establishment to improve the standardization level of community emergency.

　　3.2 Strengthen the core emergency rescue capacity building

　　Strengthen the emergency capacity building of public security, military and armed police assault forces, support the construction of professional emergency teams in key industries, form the core force of China’s emergency response, and undertake the mission of emergency rescue.

　　3.2.1 Strengthen the construction of emergency rescue assault force.

　　3.2.1.1 has carried out the standardization construction of comprehensive emergency rescue teams at provincial, city and county levels, strengthened the allocation of rescue personnel, equipment, daily training, logistics support and assessment, improved the rapid mobilization mechanism, and improved the team’s comprehensive emergency rescue capability.

　　3.2.1.2 has strengthened the construction of the special police team, strengthened the equipment such as riot control and attack protection, and improved the emergency response, anti-terrorism and stability of the special police. Strengthen the construction of emergency response teams in key urban police stations.

　　3.2.1.3 has strengthened the construction of marine police’s emergency capability, improved maritime communication and emergency command system, and improved the ability to deal with maritime emergencies.

　　3.2.1.4 has strengthened the construction of public security fire fighting and armed police hydropower, transportation, forest forces and chemical defense forces, and strengthened its ability to carry out diversified and specialized emergency rescue tasks in various special environments and complex conditions.

　　3.2.1.5 has further strengthened the construction of the army’s non-war military operational capability, improved the rapid deployment mechanism of the national emergency professional team of the army, and improved the coordinated command and support level of the emergency rescue army and the ground. Accelerate the construction of national earthquake disaster rescue teams in the southwest and northwest regions.

　　3.2.2 Improve professional emergency rescue capability in key industries.

　　Relying on large-scale enterprises, industrial parks and public security fire emergency rescue forces, 3.2.2.1 has built a national-level emergency rescue base and team for hazardous chemicals, promoted the construction of regional emergency rescue teams for hazardous chemicals, strengthened the construction of emergency rescue teams for hazardous chemicals production, storage and transportation enterprises, equipped with experts and special equipment, strengthened emergency response technical and tactical training drills, and improved emergency response capabilities such as hazardous chemicals leakage detection, substance screening, plugging, fire fighting, explosion prevention, transportation and decontamination. Strengthen the construction of emergency rescue bases and teams for oil and gas pipelines.

　　3.2.2.2 strengthens the capacity building of water emergency rescue and salvage. Efforts will be made to strengthen the construction of coastal and inland river supervision and rescue bases such as the "Belt and Road", Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, vigorously promote the capacity building of search and rescue and maritime support in the deep sea and offshore areas such as the South China Sea, and improve the spatial layout; Strengthen the communication monitoring and command system, mobile forces such as aircraft and ships, and the allocation of rescue and salvage equipment, and increase the saturated diving mother ship with a protection depth of 500 meters, as well as marine rescue vessels and deep-sea scanning and salvage equipment that can participate in global maritime search and rescue operations.

　　3.2.2.3 speeds up the construction of national maritime oil spill emergency response capacity. Improve the marine oil spill emergency team system; Construction of coastal oil spill emergency materials and equipment library, equipped with professional oil spill emergency ships, to improve the ability of oil spill emergency clearance.

　　3.2.2.4 has built a national nuclear accident emergency rescue team, which has formed the ability of sudden rescue and emergency disposal of major nuclear accidents under complex conditions; Guide and promote the construction of nuclear accident emergency rescue team in nuclear power enterprises and the standardization of provincial nuclear emergency capability. We will build a national nuclear emergency professional technical support center and a national nuclear emergency training base, promote the construction of military-civilian nuclear safety laboratories and technology research and development, and basically form a nuclear emergency technical support system with complete specialties, complete functions and effective support.

　　3.2.2.5 will build a national railway emergency rescue base, improve the level of railway rescue equipment and rescue capacity, and gradually bring railway rescue into the social emergency rescue system.

　　3.2.2.6 strengthens the construction of prevention and control team for sudden acute infectious diseases; Promote rapid laboratory testing, promote the construction of biosafety level 4 laboratories, improve the national detection platform for sudden acute infectious diseases and the network of high-level biosafety laboratories, and strengthen the comprehensive detection of known pathogens of sudden acute infectious diseases and the rapid screening of unknown pathogens.

　　3.2.2.7 promotes the construction of national emergency medical rescue bases and regional emergency medical rescue centers, and builds a three-dimensional, comprehensive and specialized emergency medical rescue network. Improve emergency medical rescue teams at all levels, optimize the layout of national health emergency teams, and establish a long-term mechanism for team operation and maintenance; Promote the construction of tent-like on-site health emergency disposal center, strengthen the ability of long-distance air delivery and self-protection under extreme conditions; Improve the national health emergency site disposal guidance expert database, and gradually build national and provincial emergency psychological intervention rescue teams. Encourage the strengthening of aviation medical rescue and transshipment capacity building.

　　3.2.2.8 has strengthened the capacity building of food safety emergency inspection and testing, determined a number of food safety emergency inspection and testing centers (laboratories) based on existing institutions, strengthened equipment, established a green channel for emergency inspection and testing, and improved the rapid detection capacity.

　　3.2.2.9 strengthens the capacity building of nuclear, chemical and biological substance monitoring, on-site screening and laboratory analysis, and improves the capacity of biological threat monitoring and early warning, detection and identification, emergency response and prevention and control.

　　3.3 Strengthen the comprehensive emergency support capacity building

　　Make overall use of social resources, accelerate the application of new technologies, promote the capacity building of emergency coordination support, and further improve the emergency platform, emergency communication, emergency materials and emergency transportation support system.

　　3.3.1 Improve the support capacity of emergency platform.

　　3.3.1.1 continued to promote the construction of the government’s comprehensive emergency platform system. Improve the standards and specifications for the construction of emergency platform system; Strengthen the construction of emergency basic database; Promote interconnection, data exchange, system docking and information resource sharing among emergency platforms; Strengthen the development of application software of emergency platform, and improve the functions of intelligent auxiliary command and decision-making of emergency platform; Strengthen the construction of terminal information collection capacity of grass-roots emergency platform, and realize the rapid submission of emergency videos, images, disasters and other information. Promote the application of "internet plus" in emergency platform.

　　3.3.1.2 strengthens the construction of departmental emergency platform. Promote the construction of national emergency geographic information sharing platform, hazardous chemicals supervision information platform, special equipment risk early warning and emergency disposal information platform, environmental protection report comprehensive management platform, health emergency command center, major network security incident emergency command platform and other professional emergency platforms, and improve the ability of emergency professional information collection, emergency decision-making and command and dispatch.

　　3.3.1.3 promotes the "One Map" construction of emergency information resources based on "Sky Map". Based on the "Sky Map" of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information System, the relevant emergency information resources catalogue and technical standards and specifications are formulated, the visual display system of emergency geographic information is developed, and the long-term working mechanism of data exchange, maintenance and updating with the participation of relevant departments is established, and the basic geographic information is spatially integrated with the data of potential risks, protection targets, teams and materials of professional departments, and a "one map" of emergency information resources is explored.

　　3.3.2 Strengthen the emergency communication support capability.

　　3.3.2.1 builds a public emergency satellite communication system based on the national civil space infrastructure construction; Strengthen the overall planning of satellite emergency private networks of various departments, make overall use of satellite resources needed for emergency systems, and improve the support capacity and intensive level of satellite emergency communication services.

　　3.3.2.2 has strengthened the construction of multi-routing, multi-node and key infrastructure disaster-tolerant backup system for public communication networks, and built a certain number of super base stations with strong towers, double backup of power supply and double routing of optical cables and satellites in disaster-prone areas, important cities and surrounding areas of nuclear facilities, so as to enhance the disaster prevention and resilience of public communication networks.

　　3.3.2.3 has improved the equipment configuration of the national emergency communication professional support team, and supported all kinds of professional rescue teams and emergency agencies at the grass-roots level to be equipped with small portable emergency communication terminals.

　　3.3.2.4 has formulated interconnection standards for on-site emergency communication of different types of communication systems, researched and developed emergency communication means based on 4G/5G, accelerated the construction of urban broadband digital trunking private network system based on 1.4G frequency band, and strengthened radio frequency management to meet the business needs of mass data, high-bandwidth video transmission and wireless emergency communication in emergency situations.

　　3.3.3 Improve the emergency material support system.

　　3.3.3.1 strengthens the construction of emergency material guarantee system, and improves the management system of emergency material physical reserve, social reserve and production capacity reserve; We will promote the construction of an integrated information management system for emergency materials, improve the mechanisms for emergency production, government procurement, storage and rotation, and transfer of emergency materials, and improve the comprehensive coordination, classification and grading support capabilities of emergency materials.

　　3.3.3.2 explores to build or certify a number of comprehensive emergency materials storage depots in areas with convenient transportation and wide radiation range, and gradually realize the integration, co-construction and sharing of storage resources and emergency materials, and rapid transportation.

　　3.3.3.3 explored various economic means such as pre-signing contracts, disaster insurance, implementing tax policies, and setting up funds to build a socialized emergency material security system and realize the comprehensive utilization of social resources. Encourage enterprises, social organizations and families to reserve emergency supplies.

　　3.3.3.4 has improved the central and local disaster relief material storage system and accelerated the formation of a four-level disaster relief material storage network at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels; Strengthen the capacity building of emergency materials such as safety production emergency rescue equipment, earthquake emergency rescue professional equipment and materials, and public security emergency equipment and materials.

　　3.3.3.5 has established and improved the standard of urban emergency materials reserve, strengthened the reserve of urban emergency materials and equipment such as flood control, drainage and waterlogging prevention, emergency repair of lifeline system, emergency water supply, and living security, and combined with the characteristics of local risks and disasters, supplemented the reserve varieties and increased the reserve quantity.

　　3.3.4 Improve the emergency transportation support capacity.

　　3.3.4.1 continues to improve emergency transport capacity reserves such as railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation, establish and improve emergency transport compensation mechanisms such as dispatching and requisition, strengthen the capacity building of emergency traffic, and further improve emergency transport capacity.

　　Relying on air transport resources such as the army, armed police and maritime search and rescue, 3.3.4.2 has improved the national air emergency transport service team system and enhanced the emergency transport capacity of personnel and materials. Strengthen the construction of aviation emergency service bases in disaster-prone areas.

　　3.3.4.3 has studied and explored the socialized reserve mechanism of air transport capacity, and supported and encouraged general aviation enterprises to increase helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and related professional equipment with emergency rescue capability by means of entrusted agent construction, capacity co-construction, service purchase and insurance coverage, so as to play their roles in the fields of emergency rescue, disaster relief and medical rescue.

　　3.3.4.4 should establish and improve the emergency logistics system, make full use of the existing resources of national reserves and various social logistics resources, strengthen the construction of emergency logistics bases and distribution centers, and gradually establish a multi-level emergency materials transit distribution network; Vigorously promote the unitization development of emergency materials storage and transportation equipment, accelerate the formation of emergency logistics standard system, and gradually realize the standardization, modularization and efficiency of emergency logistics. Make full use of logistics information platform, Internet, big data and other technologies to improve the ability of emergency logistics control.

　　3.4 Strengthen the capacity building of social coordinated response.

　　Strengthen the public’s ability of self-defense, self-defense, self-help and mutual rescue, support and guide social forces to participate in emergency rescue operations in a standardized and orderly manner, and improve the social coordinated prevention and response system for emergencies.

　　3.4.1 Improve the public’s ability of self-help and mutual aid.

　　3.4.1.1 promotes public safety publicity and education into enterprises, communities, schools, rural areas and families; Carry out professional training on rescue ability of employees in transportation, tourism, education and other industries; Strengthen the training of public safety knowledge and skills in universities, primary and secondary schools; Give full play to the role of public safety publicity activities such as "National Safety Education Day for Primary and Secondary School Students", "May 12th Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", "World First Aid Day", "119th National Fire Day", "122nd National Traffic Safety Day" and "Safe Production Month", organize various activities to identify potential risks around us, popularize public safety knowledge, and enhance public awareness of emergency prevention and self-help and mutual rescue ability.

　　3.4.1.2 established a standardized base for mass emergency rescue training and strengthened emergency skills training with self-help and mutual rescue as the core; We will promote mass emergency drills in communities, enterprises, schools and crowded places, such as evacuation and escape, and emergency avoidance.

　　3.4.1.3 has built a number of public safety education bases relying on existing facilities such as science and technology venues, disaster ruins parks, emergency training and drills bases, civil air defense publicity and education places, and amusement experience facilities. Support enterprises to build public-oriented training drills and self-help and mutual rescue experience halls.

　　3.4.1.4 relies on resources such as the national emergency broadcasting system and the popular science China service cloud, and adopts information technology means such as big data and cloud computing to build an online popular science education platform and an emergency virtual experience hall; Construction of standardized emergency knowledge popular science database.

　　3.4.1.5 gives full play to the propaganda and education functions of traditional media such as radio, television, newspapers and magazines, and new media such as WeChat and Weibo, and encourages the development and production of TV feature films, open classes, micro-videos, public service advertisements, animation games, etc., so as to enhance the knowledge, interest and interactivity of emergency science education and improve the cultural quality of public safety emergency.

　　3.4.2 Support and guide the development of social emergency forces.

　　3.4.2.1 encourages the development of socialized emergency rescue. Support the development of specialized social emergency rescue forces, and encourage professional social workers and self-built emergency rescue teams of enterprises to provide paid social rescue services; Improve the coordination mechanism between the government and social rescue forces, and support and guide social forces to participate in emergency rescue operations in an orderly and effective manner through the forms of government purchasing services, signing "service agreements" with enterprises, and building collaborative service platforms.

　　3.4.2.2 encourages the development of social intermediary services for emergency management. Establish a social intermediary service system with the participation of industry associations, safety assessment institutions, technical consulting institutions and insurance institutions, and support them to carry out activities such as risk assessment, hidden danger monitoring and management, management consulting, emergency inspection, education and training; Support the establishment of specialized emergency management service enterprises.

　　3.4.2.3 strengthens the construction of emergency volunteer service laws and regulations, and clarifies the scope of emergency volunteer service and the rights and obligations of volunteers; Improve the working mechanism of volunteers and volunteer service organizations participating in emergency response, improve the recruitment, registration, skills training and management of volunteers, and guide volunteers and volunteer service organizations to participate in emergency rescue and services in an orderly manner; Encourage the development of professional emergency volunteers, and improve the ability and professional level of emergency volunteer service in China.

　　3.4.2.4 has established and improved the social mobilization mechanism for emergency response, given full play to the role of the public in information reporting and assistance in rescue, and guided the public to participate in emergency rescue operations for major emergencies in an orderly manner.

　　3.4.2.5 studies and develops the construction of emergency management credit system. Establish a credit system and credit records of various subjects in emergency material procurement, emergency requisition, voluntary donation, disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction, and incorporate them into the national credit information sharing platform, so as to promote the healthy development of social emergency forces by encouraging trustworthiness and punishing dishonesty.

　　3.4.3 Strengthen the scientific and technological support capacity of emergency management.

　　3.4.3.1 strengthens the construction of emergency management related disciplines, strengthens the training of teachers and improves the curriculum; Develop emergency management academic education and on-the-job education, and cultivate emergency management professionals.

　　3.4.3.2 has improved the scientific and technological support system for public safety, and strengthened the capacity building of relevant key laboratories, engineering centers, research centers, evaluation centers, testing and inspection centers and other scientific and technological support platforms to meet the major needs of emergency management.

　　3.4.3.3 has increased investment in scientific research on public safety and emergency management, strengthened research on common basic scientific issues between public safety and emergency management, and carried out scientific and technological research, equipment development and application demonstration in key directions such as prevention and control of urban public safety risks, safety production guarantee and major accident prevention and control, social security monitoring, early warning and control, emergency medical rescue and prevention and control of sudden acute infectious diseases, national major infrastructure security guarantee, comprehensive emergency technical equipment and intelligent emergency response.

　　3.4.4 Vigorously promote the healthy development of emergency industry.

　　3.4.4.1 establishes emergency industry statistical system and operation monitoring and analysis index system; The establishment of emergency industry contact point mechanism, to carry out dynamic monitoring of the development of emergency industry.

　　3.4.4.2 has established and improved the standard system of emergency products and emergency services; Improve the standards of emergency facilities and equipment for mines, dangerous chemicals production and operation sites, high-rise buildings, schools, hospitals, emergency shelters and means of transportation; Improve the equipment standards of various emergency rescue bases and teams.

　　3.4.4.3 actively promotes the open sharing of emergency scientific and technological resources and information resources, and encourages and guides relevant enterprises, universities and research institutes to build platforms for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, so as to better connect emergency services, technologies and products with market demand.

　　3.4.4.4 formulated the development and cultivation plan of emergency industry. Support the development, production, popularization and application of the first set of emergency special equipment; Organize the promotion and demonstration of major emergency products and services, and vigorously promote the application of Beidou navigation system in monitoring, early warning and emergency rescue; Actively guide enterprises to develop emergency industries in resolving excess capacity; Build a number of national emergency industry demonstration bases, support the construction of "safety valley" of large enterprise groups in emergency industry, form a regional emergency industrial chain, and lead the development of national emergency technology and equipment research and development, emergency product manufacturing and emergency service gathering.

　　3.4.4.5 uses catalogues, lists and other forms to clarify the development direction of emergency products and services, and guide social resources to invest in advanced, applicable, safe and reliable emergency products and services; Formulate guiding opinions to promote the government to purchase emergency services, and promote the specialization, marketization and scale of emergency services.

　　3.4.4.6 strengthens the publicity and promotion of emergency industry, and exchanges and promotes emergency products and services through exhibitions, forums and special promotional films.

　　3.4.4.7 established China Emergency Industry Association, actively developed emergency industry alliance and other organizations, and strengthened industry self-discipline.

　　3.5 Further improve the emergency management system.

　　Continue to promote the construction of emergency management system with "one case, three systems" as the core, and improve the emergency management standard system.

　　3.5.1 Improve the emergency management laws, regulations and standard system.

　　3.5.1.1 studied and formulated the relevant supporting laws and regulations and normative documents of the Emergency Response Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), improved the relevant laws and regulations system of natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents and social security incidents, improved local emergency management regulations, strengthened law enforcement, and realized emergency according to law.

　　3.5.1.2 builds emergency management standard system. Efforts will be made to strengthen the development of emergency signs, risk identification and evaluation, early warning information release, emergency team and equipment configuration, emergency facilities and equipment configuration in public places, emergency shelter construction, material reserve, emergency communication, emergency platform, emergency drills and other related standards. Actively participate in the formulation of international emergency management standards. Promote the implementation and application of emergency management standards, and promote the standardization of emergency management and emergency technical equipment.

　　3.5.2 Further improve the emergency management organization system.

　　3.5.2.1 has improved the emergency management system of "unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, classified management, graded responsibility and territorial management", encouraged local governments to innovate the establishment mode of emergency management institutions and strengthen the comprehensive coordination function; Strengthen the construction of urban emergency management organization system and strengthen the auxiliary decision-making command function of urban emergency management institutions; Promote communities, enterprises and institutions to implement emergency management responsibilities and equip them with full-time and part-time staff.

　　3.5.2.2 standardized the on-site organization and command of emergency response, explored the implementation of the on-site emergency commander system, strengthened the training of emergency command ability, and improved the standardization and specialization level of emergency response.

　　3.5.2.3 strengthens the training of leading cadres’ emergency management ability, and strengthens the construction of emergency management cadres.

　　3.5.3 Further improve the emergency management mechanism.

　　3.5.3.1 has improved the information reporting mechanism. Upgrading the emergency information system of government duty; Expand information acquisition channels and explore the establishment of a platform for the public to submit emergency information; Enrich the content and means of information submission, and gradually increase the submission of pictures and videos; Relying on all kinds of grass-roots information staff, the establishment of grass-roots information reporting network.

　　3.5.3.2 has improved the emergency linkage mechanism. In all aspects of emergency prevention and response, strengthen the construction of inter-departmental emergency linkage mechanism, and strengthen information sharing and consultation and emergency cooperation; Serve the national regional development strategy, establish and improve the regional emergency coordination and linkage mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Belt and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, improve the public safety guarantee mechanism of the capital, further promote the construction of emergency coordination and linkage mechanisms such as the Bohai Rim, the Pan-Pearl River Delta, the western region and the northeast region, effectively integrate and share emergency resources in the region, and realize the complementary regional advantages.

　　3.5.3.3 strengthens the system and mechanism construction of emergency news work. Establish and improve the emergency news work system with unified leadership of the Party committee and government, division of responsibilities of actual work departments, organization and coordination of propaganda departments, and active participation of news media. Build a team of professional emergency journalists and improve the professional level of emergency reporting.

　　3.5.3.4 has improved the information release mechanism. Strengthen the application of new media, respond to social concerns in a timely manner, and release information dynamically according to the progress of the situation; Strengthen the professionalism and authority of information publishers; Strengthen the training of leading cadres and government spokespersons on the ability to release emergency information.

　　3.5.3.5 standardizes the recovery and reconstruction mechanism. Strengthen disaster loss assessment and improve assessment standards and processes; We will implement the requirements of "central overall guidance, local governments as the main body, and extensive participation of people in disaster areas", and standardize the planning and fund management of recovery and reconstruction of major natural disasters.

　　3.5.3.6 establishes emergency assessment mechanism. Establish an emergency response evaluation system entrusted by a third-party professional organization, improve emergency management and improve the emergency system according to the evaluation results.

　　3.5.3.7 has improved the capital investment mechanism. In accordance with the relevant requirements of the budget law, speed up the disbursement of funds and improve the efficiency of financial emergency support; Establish and improve the compensation mechanism for expropriation of social materials, means of transport, facilities and equipment and other emergency resources in an emergency, and encourage the development of emergency factoring services; Guide social funds to participate in the construction of emergency system projects.

　　3.5.3.8 improves the risk sharing mechanism. Accelerate the catastrophe insurance system, promote the legislative process of earthquake catastrophe insurance, and gradually form a multi-level catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism; Carry out liability insurance for production safety, environmental pollution and food safety, and continuously enrich insurance varieties in combination with disaster risks and emergency needs; Strengthen the personal safety insurance for emergency rescue personnel. Guide insurance institutions to participate in public safety risk assessment and prevention.

　　3.5.3.9 strengthens the construction of emergency management think tanks.

　　3.5.4 Further improve the emergency plan system.

　　3.5.4.1 has strengthened the assessment of emergency plans, strengthened the preparation and management of special emergency plans for important targets, major hazards and major activities, formulated joint emergency plans for regional and basin emergencies, and improved the emergency plan system.

　　3.5.4.2 organized the preparation of guidelines for emergency plans, improved the risk assessment and emergency resource investigation process, and guided and standardized the preparation of emergency plans at all levels. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, a round of emergency plan evaluation and revision was fully completed.

　　3.5.4.3 makes full use of new technologies such as Internet, big data and intelligent decision-making, and promotes the digital application of emergency plans in emergency management-related information systems.

　　3.5.4.4 has improved the emergency plan drill mechanism, encouraged various forms of economical and efficient emergency drills, and strengthened post-drill evaluation; The state-level special emergency plan shall carry out at least one comprehensive emergency drill during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period.

　　4 key construction projects

　　During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, relying on existing resources, we focused on strengthening comprehensive emergency response capabilities and social coordinated emergency response capabilities, and put forward eight key construction projects that are comprehensive and overall and need to be promoted by multiple departments and regions as a whole.

　　4.1 National Emergency Early Warning Information Release Capability Enhancement Project

　　Based on the preliminary construction of the national emergency early warning information release system, build a national emergency early warning information release system based on cloud architecture, and improve the four-level integrated early warning information release platform of the country, province, city and county; Build a comprehensive risk analysis and early warning decision support system for emergencies, and realize the accurate and directional release of early warning information for areas and people affected by emergencies; Strengthen the construction of early warning information release channels and means, make full use of the existing resources and new technologies of various departments and social media, focus on strengthening the capacity building of early warning information dissemination and reception in remote rural areas, pastoral areas, mountainous areas and sea areas, and give play to the role of various emergency information staff; Establish an emergency early warning information release standard system, improve the real-time monitoring, security and operation and maintenance system, and ensure the stable, reliable and efficient operation of the system. Actively using the concept of "internet plus", we will develop a mobile phone client and supporting management system that supports the submission of emergency information in words, sounds, pictures and videos, so as to realize the communication between the intelligent terminal at the scene of the incident and the government emergency platform, and provide a platform for emergency science education and communication.

　　4.2 National Emergency Platform System Improvement Promotion Project

　　On the basis of the construction achievements of the first phase of the national emergency platform system, we will promote the upgrading of emergency platforms in the State Council, departmental and provincial emergency platforms, improve the platform functions, and improve the reliability, operability and actual combat level. Promote the interconnection and system docking of emergency platforms in the State Council with departments and provincial emergency platforms, set up sub-centers of video conference system of emergency platform system according to regional linkage mechanism, further expand the coverage of video conference and image access systems, and gather and integrate Internet-related information resources; Standardize basic data access standards, and promote local and departmental establishment and improvement of basic databases such as risks, hidden dangers, emergency teams and emergency materials, and access to the State Council emergency platform; Relying on relevant professional strength and information resources, strengthen the construction of auxiliary decision-making system and strengthen the functions of information integration, situation prediction and emergency drills; Improve the technical guarantee mechanism for platform operation. Through the systematic upgrading of the platform, high-definition image transmission, multi-polarization video consultation, intelligent decision-making and diversified technical support are realized.

　　4.3 National Aviation Medical Rescue Base Construction

　　Relying on the existing high-quality medical and health resources and navigation enterprises, we will build a number of national aviation medical rescue bases in different regions of the country, focusing on strengthening the construction of facilities and equipment such as aviation medical rescue, aircraft modification, helicopter landing and landing points, training and drills, and undertaking emergency tasks such as air transport, en route treatment, health and epidemic prevention, on-site transportation of medical personnel, and emergency medical equipment call. Establish and improve the aviation medical rescue mechanism involving navigation enterprises and insurance institutions, and promote the formation of a socialized aviation medical rescue system.

　　4.4 National Emergency Resource Guarantee Information Service System Construction

　　Build a national emergency resource support information service system, integrate the national emergency material reserve, social production capacity, emergency logistics resources, emergency professional services and other support information, strengthen cross-departmental, cross-regional and cross-industry collaborative support and information sharing, as the emergency resource support system of the State Council emergency platform, and provide services such as supply and demand connection, dispatch and command, decision-making reference and scientific evaluation to relevant departments, localities and enterprises to improve the comprehensive coordination, scientific deployment and effective utilization of various emergency resources.

　　4.5 National Emergency Communication Support Capacity Building

　　Make full use of the existing resources and latest development achievements of satellite communication, public communication and related private networks, build a public emergency satellite communication professional system, integrate and improve China’s space and ground emergency communication network resources, enhance the disaster prevention and resilience and emergency service capabilities of public communication networks, and form a public emergency communication support capability that is integrated with the world and shared with each other; Construction of "internet plus Emergency Communication" command and dispatch and service management cloud platform to provide communication, early warning, decision-making and dispatch support services for emergency management, and meet the emergency communication needs of various departments and industries in emergency handling.

　　4.6 National Public Safety Emergency Experience Base Construction

　　Relying on the existing resources of central enterprises, simulate disasters and emergency scenes such as earthquake, tsunami, flood, geological disaster, fire, drowning, traffic accident, elevator accident, dangerous chemical accident, mine accident, emergency rescue, sudden acute infectious disease epidemic, home safety, etc., and adopt technologies such as sound, photoelectricity and multimedia to build emergency simulation facilities, immersive experience facilities, emergency equipment simulation operation facilities, emergency self-help and mutual rescue skills demonstration and training facilities based on real three-dimensional environment.

　　4.7 National Emergency Management Basic Standard Development Project

　　Organize the research on emergency management standard system, establish a unified emergency management standard system framework, promote the development of basic emergency management standards, and coordinate the development of professional standards in different fields; Focus on the development of a number of key basic standards such as risk assessment, hidden danger management, emergency early warning, emergency resource construction and management, emergency communication and information, emergency organization and command, emergency training and drills, and carry out demonstrations on the popularization and application of relevant standards to improve the standardization level of emergency management.

　　4.8 Construction of China-Europe School of Emergency Management

　　Relying on the Emergency Management Training Center of the National School of Administration (CEIBS), on the basis of making full use of the existing training facilities and resources, combined with the reform of training and recuperation institutions, we will strengthen campus construction, improve the necessary education and training infrastructure, equip teaching and research equipment, enrich teachers, develop a series of courses, and form an emergency management education, high-end think tank and international cooperation and exchange platform with international influence.

　　5 safeguard measures

　　5.1 Strengthen organizational leadership

　　Strengthen the organization and leadership of planning implementation. The General Office of the State Council and the National Development and Reform Commission should strengthen the overall coordination of planning and implementation. The lead unit should earnestly perform the duties of organization and coordination, and the participating units should actively cooperate to refine the implementation of work responsibilities and construction tasks. All regions should formulate relevant emergency system construction plans according to this plan and local conditions, and the plans of relevant departments should be well connected with this plan in terms of main objectives, construction tasks and key projects. Leading units of key construction projects should pay close attention to the feasibility study and project application, strengthen project construction management, and ensure the smooth implementation of the project.

　　5.2 Strengthen financial security

　　According to the principle that the power of affairs is compatible with the responsibility of expenditure, the finance at all levels shall reasonably guarantee the implementation of the plan. Coordinate the use of funds, integrate and optimize resources, and form a policy synergy. Give play to the policy-oriented role and guide diversified capital investment. After the completion of key construction projects, if the government needs to arrange daily operation and maintenance funds, it shall apply according to the provisions of budget management.

　　5.3 Strengthen supervision and evaluation

　　Establish and improve the planning implementation evaluation system, and take the implementation of planning tasks as an important part of the supervision and evaluation of departmental and local work. The General Office of the State Council and the National Development and Reform Commission shall organize the mid-term evaluation of the implementation of this plan, identify problems in time and propose improvement measures. Local governments should strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of planning in their own areas.

Wen Yi BT Finance, by Chang Qianqian

On April 19th, the first day of the Shanghai Auto Show Open Day, Tesla unexpectedly became the focus of the market. A female owner of Tesla, wearing a white T-shirt with the words "Brake Failure" printed on her chest, stood on the roof of a red Tesla and shouted "Tesla Brake Failure". The video was forwarded on the whole network, and Tesla once again rushed to the top of the hot search list in Weibo because of "Brake Failure".

On the afternoon of April 19th, Tesla announced that the party involved in the auto show was the owner of the speeding violation accident in Anyang, Henan Province in February. Tao Lin, vice president of Tesla China, responded to the auto show event and said that Tesla could not compromise.

In response to this matter, Xinhua News Agency issued a document on the same day asking: Who made who not "decent". The official WeChat of the Central Political and Legal Committee, WeChat official account’s "An Jian of the Central Political and Legal Committee", also wrote an article attacking: Tesla must face the torture of customers in China, regardless of compromise.

Affected by this, on April 19, EST, Tesla fell sharply after a few minutes of opening, with a drop of more than 6%, and its market value evaporated by $24.1 billion. At the close, Tesla closed at $714.63, down 3.4%.

Why should Tesla be "tough" to the end? Is Tesla really "arrogant" or can’t bow?

The lady who made a fuss about defending her rights at the auto show experienced an accident dating back to February this year.

It is said that the woman’s father suddenly found that the brakes failed while driving Tesla Model 3, which led to the continuous rear-end collision of two cars and forced the car to stop by hitting the guardrail. The accident caused many soft tissue contusions on the woman’s parents.

After the accident, the woman defended her rights through multiple platforms after her communication with Tesla 4S store was invalid. In March, Tesla’s "brake failure" incident rushed to the hot search and attracted market attention. Tesla denied the braking problem, saying that after reviewing and analyzing the vehicle data and on-site photos, ABS worked normally during braking and the vehicle’s braking system was normal.

Earlier, some media reported that Tesla cooperated with the owner to conduct third-party testing, but the female owner rejected the plan.Tesla once again proposed "vehicle detection", which shows that it has great confidence in Tesla’s brake hardware.

According to public information, Tesla’s current brake assist system uses Bosch iBooster, and the performance of Bosch iBooster has always been good in the industry. In addition to electric vehicles such as Tesla and Weilai, hybrids such as GM, Volkswagen and Ford are also in use, and there have been no major safety problems. Some professionals said that Bosch’s brake itself has a backup plan to prevent the vehicle from completely losing its braking force.

From this point of view, Tesla’s complete braking system should be as Tesla said without much problem.

At the beginning of 2021, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) can also prove this statement. The administration investigated 246 out-of-control acceleration events in Tesla. The survey results showed that there was no evidence that there was any fault in the accelerator pedal assembly, motor control system or braking system that caused the accident. All the above cases were caused by stepping on the wrong pedal.

According to Tao Lin, vice president of Tesla China, who quoted the report at that time, all the 246 cases of out-of-control acceleration were caused by the driver’s misoperation.

So what’s the problem?According to the analysis of industry experts, if there is no problem with Bosch’s brakes, then the problem may be that when Bosch’s brake system is connected to Tesla’s telex control signal, there may be bugs at this time, which may cause the brakes to lose braking force in some cases.

The expert in this industry also made an analysis based on similar cases in the past. The specific performance is that there is an error in the electronic signal transmitted to the brake system, which causes the pressure of the brake booster pump to be too small. At this time, just lift your foot and step on the brake again. However, in an emergency, when normal people find that they can’t step on the brakes, their first reaction is to step on them and eventually lead to a car accident.

In addition, according to media analysis, Tesla has always stressed the need for third-party inspection, but never said that it would issue the data before and after the accident of the vehicle to prove its innocence, perhaps because Tesla did not want to publish the owner data it collected.

Actually,At present, many new energy vehicles use intelligent systems to collect user data. Tesla previously said that he was unwilling to use radar systems in order to reduce the collection of users.

howeverAn accident in Beijing at the end of last year vaguely pointed to Tesla collecting user data.According to the owner’s description, before the incident, he was driving slowly with a taxi in front of him. Suddenly, he couldn’t step on the brakes, hit a taxi, and then hit a big truck before being stopped. But before the owner called the police, Tesla called her to ask about the situation. However, according to the media investigation, there is no evidence to prove that the owner’s statement is completely true.

In addition, there is another case worth noting. In a Tesla traffic accident in Beijing in October 2020, the owner said that the Beijing traffic control department did not obtain the vehicle data of the day from Tesla, and was questioned by the outside world that the data was in the traffic control department. Tesla had been deleted before the investigation.

In this Shanghai Auto Show, Tesla Taolin said in an interview that in the future,China will become another global center of Tesla.

How Tesla will develop in China in the future is inconclusive. At present, Tesla’s various negative entanglements, coupled with its "arrogant" attitude in crisis public relations, have detonated consumer sentiment. In any case, Tesla has now fallen into a huge passivity.

For example, in the spontaneous combustion incident of Tesla in Shanghai basement in 2019, Tesla denied that it was its quality problem; There is also the recent "State Grid Charging Pile" incident. Tesla suddenly lost power after charging and could not start the problem of "shabu-shabu", which caused too much current to the State Grid and was officially spit out by the State Grid; Later, Pinduoduo launched the "Ten Thousand-Person Group Campaign", and the price was as low as 251,800, which Tesla refused to deliver.

Various incidents have greatly reduced Tesla’s reputation in China and successfully ignited users’ anger.Netizens have questioned why domestic cars such as Weilai and Tucki, which also use State Grid charging piles, did not suddenly lose power? Also using Bosch’s braking system, other vehicles do not have this problem? Moreover, Tesla’s arrogant public relations attitude added fuel to Tesla’s reputation, and even the Central Political and Legal Committee and Xinhua News Agency attacked its arrogance.

Since Tesla set up a factory in Shanghai, the domestic Model 3 has experienced five price cuts so far, in order to reduce costs and seize the domestic market. However, due to frequent accidents, the image gradually collapsed, and Tesla was defeated from the domestic "sales king" in 2019. In 2020, Wuling mini sold more than Tesla in several quarters, ranking first in the industry in 2020.

What Tesla should reflect on is that in addition to quality concerns, there is also an irresponsible attitude towards consumers.At present, there are a lot of netizens commenting on Taolin Weibo. Thank you. Because of your arrogance, I won’t consider buying Tesla again.

After all, vehicle sales are only half of Tesla’s market, and half comes from after-sales service. Losing any half of the market is fatal to Tesla. Without consumer trust, how can China become another global center of Tesla?

　　According to the latest sales data, Tengshi Automobile sold 11,515 vehicles in August 2023, a record high, thanks to the trust and choice of 100,000+users. Among them, Tengshi D9 continued its champion posture, selling 10,035 vehicles in August, and winning the sales champion of more than 300,000 luxury MPV markets for eight consecutive months; Tengshi N7 sold 1,480 vehicles in the first month, which exploded immediately after listing, and entered the mainstream camp of pure electric SUVs. The sales volume of medium-sized luxury SUVs with more than 300,000 pure electric vehicles ranked TOP 4. Tengshi N8 will start nationwide scale delivery in September, and the beauty will come as scheduled.

　　At the just-concluded Chengdu Auto Show, Tengshi D9, N7 and N8 product matrices were unveiled, attracting visitors from all over the world. Tengshi D9 is used by both home and business, and is favored by users. The average selling price exceeds 420,000 yuan, and the one-year preservation rate is as high as 98%. In the luxury MPV market, Tengshi D9 integrates "electrification, intelligence and high configuration", bringing epoch-making new luxury experience to users, and relying on users’ co-creation, adding DM-i 965 exclusive model, which continuously impacts the monthly sales of 15,000 vehicles. It is worth mentioning that 50% of D9 users are BBA users’ purchase or replacement, and 20% are luxury MPV fuel vehicle replacement, which has successfully rewritten the market structure and become a new benchmark in the field of luxury MPV.

　　As BYD’s 5 millionth off-line new energy vehicle, Tengshi N7 is equipped with Tengshi’s ultra-efficient eight-in-one intelligent electric powertrain, high-power overcharge technology, double-gun overcharge pile, CTB technology with integrated body and chassis, Yunqi -A intelligent air body control system (standard version) and French Chaoshe technology audio brand — — Hard-core intelligent technologies, such as Divare Audio, lead the intelligent second half with the advantages of leading the second generation products and super strength. In the user group, 55% of Tengshi N7 users are from BBA, which is transforming a large number of luxury brand oil car users. At the same time, after the delivery of N7, users praised Yunnian -A (standard version) system, luxurious cockpit, comfortable driving and handling performance experience, and gained many word-of-mouth praise.

　　Tengshi N8, which will be delivered nationwide on a large scale in September, is the only model in the 300,000-class SUV market that can be used in all scenes, and it has many modes such as camping, trailer towing, intelligent cockpit, intelligent assisted driving and other functions. Tengshi N8 further enriches and perfects Tengshi’s product matrix.

　　Tengshi is striding towards the international stage through steady and coordinated development. In September, Tengshi Automobile will be unveiled at the 2023 Munich Motor Show in Germany and the subsequent Tokyo Motor Show and Thailand Motor Show.

　　Tengshi brand has been continuously advanced since its rejuvenation, and all three models have achieved excellent market performance. Tengshi adheres to the road of new luxury, with the four core brand values of wisdom, safety, new luxury and user ecology, and continuously strives to create a new luxury and excellent travel experience for users, and will embark on a new journey of internationalization strategy, serve global users and make the world fall in love with China Tengshi. (Photo: provided by Tengshi Automobile)

Original Chu Tian Lan Teng Yun

Text | Chu Tianlan

Tengyun special author

For today’s people, the emergence of new technologies has greatly facilitated daily life, and the development of information technology has provided great convenience for work, travel or shopping. On the other hand, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has replaced a large number of jobs that previously required manpower, such as cashiers, waiters, ticket sellers and so on. Some displaced people may be able to find better jobs. For those who are affected by this, the development and progress of new technologies are obviously not good news.

The Technical Trap focuses on this issue: the emergence of new technologies will lead to the unemployment or income reduction of some workers, while the economic growth brought by some creative destruction and the creation of new employment opportunities often take decades or even longer to be reflected. How to avoid the pain and loss caused by technology trap to these people and take corresponding remedial measures is an important issue.

Technical trap

Author: (Sweden) Karl benedikt Frey Translator: He Xiao

Press: Houlangdang Democracy and Construction Press, December 2021.

01

The invention and impact of new technology

According to the unclear definition in this book, labor-saving technologies can be roughly divided into two types: enabling technologies and alternative technologies. Enabling technology is a technology that helps people to complete existing tasks more efficiently or creates new job opportunities for workers. Technology that makes jobs and skills redundant is called replacement technology (page 14).

According to the author’s example, if the steel quantity in 1929 is produced with the technology of 1890, the required workers are 1.25 million instead of 400,000. However, because the demand for steel is rising steadily, 800,000 extra people are rarely unemployed because of the mechanization development of the steel industry. In addition, computer-aided design software can make staff more efficient rather than replace them. However, the alternative technology is different, and the automatic elevator replaces the elevator operator. In the factory that produces cars, robots not only improve output, but also replace mechanical operators.

It is not difficult to see that both enabling technology and replacement technology can improve production efficiency and reduce costs. However, there is no clear distinction between the two. A labor-saving technology used in one field is enabling technology, and used in another field is probably replacing technology. As we have seen, the emergence of any new technology will impact the original production order and market demand.

From today’s point of view, as long as new technology can save labor, improve efficiency and reduce costs, it will be widely used and popularized in reality. However, in many times in history, this is not the case. For example, after the popularization of printing, the original scribe either specialized in copying short texts that were uneconomical to print, or became a bookbinder and designer. However, the Sultan Bayezid II, worried that literates would weaken his dominant position, issued a decree in 1485 prohibiting printing in Arabic in the Ottoman Empire.

"Technology Trap" holds that in the classical era, technology mainly served the public domain, rather than satisfying private interests. Rulers promote technological progress not to improve the efficiency of speculation, but to improve public works in order to improve their popularity and consolidate political power.

Therefore, technology at this time is a political tool, not serving economic interests. Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, the Roman emperor, was in power in 69-79 AD. At that time, if a big and heavy cylinder was transported from a mine to Rome, thousands of workers were needed and the expenses were huge. Someone told Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus that he had invented a device, which could greatly reduce the cost. But Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus refused to use it for fear that depriving the Romans of their jobs would lead to political instability.

Similar things happened in England in the 16th and 17th centuries and Germany in the 18th century. In 1589, Reverend William Li Faming bought a knitting machine for stockings. This labor replacement technology was of milestone significance at that time. However, the knitwear guild strongly resisted this new technology, and Queen Elizabeth I refused to grant him a patent right to avoid workers losing their jobs. William lee left England for this reason.

In 1623, the Privy Council of the United Kingdom ordered that the sewing machine be banned and the sewing needles made from it be destroyed. From 1685 to 1726, automatic looms were completely banned in Germany. In 1705, the French’s Dennis Papan invented the steam engine in Germany. His mentor and friend, the famous physicist gottfried leibniz, wrote to Hesse Kassel Elector, requesting that Papan’s ship be allowed to "pass without any trouble", but it was not approved. When Papan’s steamboat arrived in Minden, the boatmen’s guild tried to get the local judge to detain Papan’s boat, but it failed. After that, the boatmen attacked and destroyed Papan’s ship and smashed the steam engine. In the end, Papan died of poverty and was buried in an unknown grave.

In 1688, a glorious revolution took place in Britain. Political power was transferred from the king to the parliament, and businessmen gained more political discourse rights. Parliament began to defend the interests of businessmen more. Birmingham and Manchester used to be villages, but later they developed into towns, liberated from the rules of guilds and became the engines of the industrial revolution.

However, the situation in France is different. During the French Revolution in 1789, when Paris people stormed the Bastille, wool workers from Darnatal took advantage of the chaos, broke through the bridge of the Seine River guarded by the Wang family, and destroyed the machines near the factory of Da Saint-Cerf. Thirty machines of Caron Company were destroyed by mobs. In the suburb of Rouen, more than 700 Jenny spinning machines were destroyed.

However, the government was worried that this incident would worsen the situation in the country, so it did not send troops to quell it. French industrialists and inventors, on the other hand, do not believe that the government can protect their own interests, thus weakening their willingness to invest in machinery and industry. This situation from 1789 to 1799 affected the development of French economy.

The same is true in China. According to the observer Daniel J. McGovern’s record in 1886, Foshan merchants imported a large number of brass sheets from Birmingham, England, and sold them to producers to build brass utensils. Because some coppersmith’s job is to beat imported thick brass sheets into thin sheets, these thin copper sheets were returned to Hong Kong to avoid riots. An American Chinese imported a batch of efficient sewing machines to sew felt soles, but they were destroyed by local shoemakers.

Looking at the birth and development of new technology, it is often not limited to the superiority and performance of the technology itself, but the result of the tripartite game between labor, management and rulers, who are often the final arbiter. The standard of its ruling is often political stability, not just production efficiency. For workers, if new technologies can improve skills and increase income, they will be happy to adopt them; For the management, as long as it can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost, it is willing to adopt it; For rulers, new technology not only improves efficiency, but also benefits political stability.

Political power not only determines the authoritative distribution of major interests, but also determines whether new technologies can be popularized and used. In the triangular relationship among labor, management and ruler, the ruler has the strongest right to speak: when a new technology appears, when both labor and management agree, the ruler has no reason to oppose it, and if the ruler opposes it, the new technology will be difficult to popularize and use; When one side of labor and management agrees and the other side opposes, the support and opposition of the ruler determines whether this technology can be popularized.

02

Different consequences of the industrial revolution

It is generally believed that the first industrial revolution took place in the 1760s-1840s, marked by the widespread use of steam engines.

The second industrial revolution took place in the late 1960s, marked by the widespread use of electricity, when the United States replaced Britain as a technology leader.

The third industrial revolution began in the 1940 s and 1950 s, and major breakthroughs were made in the fields of atomic energy, computer, electronic technology, aerospace technology, molecular biology and genetic engineering.

The fourth industrial revolution is based on artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual reality, quantum information technology, controlled nuclear fusion, clean energy and biotechnology.

In 1769, Richard Ackerett and james watt applied for a patent for their invention, which is usually regarded as the beginning of the industrial revolution. In the previous decades, mechanization has begun and factories have appeared. The rise of international trade has intensified the competition among nation-states. The rising wages of British workers force the country to maintain its competitiveness through mechanization.

In 1716, John Lome sneaked into an Italian factory, quietly drew a machine pattern and shipped it back to England in silk. A year after returning to England from Italy, John Lome and his funded brother Thomas set up the first silk factory near Derbyshire-the twisting machine of the factory was made according to the drawings brought back from Italy.

Before the machine age, spinning cotton was time-consuming and laborious. In 1776, the second krom Ford cotton mill opened by Akelet opened. This factory uses hydraulic drive machines, which are arranged according to the production sequence, and its hydraulic spinning machine uses drum spinning, which reduces the labor cost by about two thirds, and finally reduces the total cost of woolen cotton by 20%. In addition, Akelet invented the carding machine.

James hargreaves, on the other hand, invented Jenny’s spinning machine, which is 70 times more expensive than a hand-spinning wheel, but much cheaper than Ackerett’s machine and takes up less space. In 1779, Samuel crompton invented the crompton-type spinning frame, which was quickly applied to factories. Spinning machine saves labor costs and replaces manual spinning workers. During this period, spinning machines continued to improve, with the goal of replacing men with women and children to reduce costs.

In the eyes of many people today, the steam engine promoted the industrial revolution. However, it took nearly 200 years from the earliest practical application of the steam engine to the obvious impact on economic development. In the late 17th century, Thomas savery, a British Cornwall officer, first applied atmospheric pressure. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine appeared. Because of its inherent defects, it was only used for coal mine drainage before 1770.

After james watt invented the separate condenser, the heat in the cylinder would not be lost in the condensation process. However, Watt’s steam engine was not widely used until several decades later, and it was not until the mid-19th century that it showed great economic impact-the steam engine was widely used in railway, iron and steel smelting, textile and other industries, which greatly improved the production efficiency.

The industrial revolution driven by technology has driven the British economy to take off, but the income distribution brought by growth is extremely uneven. Between 1759 and 1867, the proportion of the richest 5% people in the total income rose from 21% to 37%. In the early days of industrialization, the situation of many ordinary people became worse. Although the per capita income has increased, the income gap between ordinary people and the middle class is widening.

At the same time, some writers and scholars began to criticize machines and factories. Engels believed that the misfortune of the working class was brought about by the factory system. Defenders of mechanization argue that machines are a useful supplement to workers’ labor, and only when machines are popularized can newer and better-paid jobs emerge.

From 1811 to 1816, Luddite came into being. In Leicester, Ned Lourdes, a weaving apprentice, was scolded by his employer and picked up a hammer to smash the textile machine, thus the "Lourdeism" movement with the goal of destroying the machine arose. Luddites usually destroy only those machines that are "innovative" or threaten employment. They have carried out at least 100 separate actions and destroyed about 1,000 of the 25,000 machines.

In response, the British government sent troops to suppress it. In 1812 and 1813, more than 30 Luddites were hanged. The "Captain Swing" riot that broke out in 1830 was mainly aimed at agricultural machines. By the end of September and November, 492 machines were destroyed, most of which were threshers.

During the period of the industrial revolution, Britain was caught in an "Engel-style pause": the employers obtained the profits of enterprises and invested them in factories and machinery, while the wages of workers stagnated or even declined. Until a few decades later, the number of rich people increased, and the income of workers doubled. In the author’s view, this is because in the last decades of the industrial revolution, more complex machines appeared in factories, requiring more skilled workers, and technological changes changed from substitution to enablement, thus improving the bargaining power of skilled workers.

The technological leader of the second industrial revolution was the United States, and "Technology Trap" also projected its attention here. At the World Expo in Paris in 1867, Americans showed their technological progress: from telegraph and sewing machine to harvester and lawn mower. In 1882, Edison’s new york Pearl Street Power Station began to operate, and in the 30 years before the outbreak of World War I, the cost of household lighting decreased by 90%.

Many factories were electrified before 1900. Electric irons (introduced in 1893), vacuum cleaners (1907), washing machines (1907), ovens (1909), refrigerators (1916), dishwashers (1929), dryers (1938) and other electrical appliances have greatly facilitated the lives of American housewives. A large number of women are liberated from heavy housework and can go to work in factories, which not only increases the labor force in the United States, but also increases family income. The book "Fighting Industry: How America Won World War II" shows that during World War II, those civilian industries mobilized by the war and ordinary men and women who were trained in military production made the United States sing a triumphant song in the war and laid a solid foundation for the 30-year prosperity after the war.

On April 26th, 1956, Machlin’s "Ideal -X" began its first voyage from Newark Port to Houston Port, Texas, which was the first successful container shipping in history. Since then, container technology has laid the foundation for the second wave of globalization, which has profoundly changed the trade world. It is also the driving force of Smith-type growth (mainly relying on capital investment to achieve economic growth) and Schumpeter-type growth (increasing efficiency through scientific and technological progress and innovation).

The United States has also encountered the problem of unemployment caused by technology. During franklin roosevelt’s administration, the National Renaissance Administration issued 280 regulations, 36 of which contained restrictions on the installation of new machines. However, at a hearing on the impact of automation in 1955, no one objected to automation, and no one suggested limiting the use of machines. On the whole, technological development has created many new employment opportunities. The United States is not only richer, but also Schumpeter-style growth has made it more equal.

However, this trend was reversed in the 1980s. The wages of people with high school diplomas and below have been declining for more than 30 years, and the computer revolution has made the skills of workers who take care of machines obsolete. Engels-style pause reappeared. In many places, work was replaced by robots, and this area fell into decline. It is precisely because of the decline of the middle class that the number of moderate members in the US Congress has drastically decreased and politics has become polarized-"Conservatism and freedom have almost become synonymous with the Republican Party and the Democratic Party".

In addition, people are still worried that the concentration of wealth will undermine the legitimacy of democracy-high campaign costs will make elected officials more dependent on groups with stronger economic strength.

In the long run, technology will benefit everyone.

For example, in the United States today, the poorest families have also maintained a certain standard of living. However, in recent years, the distribution of benefits brought by computers and artificial intelligence is more biased towards employers. For example, "Technical Trap" says that there are 1.9 million heavy truck drivers and towed trailer drivers in the United States, and people are worried that after the technology of self-driving trucks is mature and put into use, it will bring a large number of layoffs. Once these drivers are replaced and placed in a situation where their careers or incomes are drastically reduced, they are likely to resist such alternative technologies.

03

How to avoid the technical trap?

From the perspective of human history, the prosperity and development of modern society is directly related to technological progress. After the industrial revolution, the development of technology has advanced by leaps and bounds, and everyone is enjoying its fruits-which makes the popularization and use of technology more legitimate.

The book "Technical Trap" shows that computers and artificial intelligence are more inclined to replace. This means that more skilled workers have lost their jobs, and their income will decrease whether they are re-employed or unemployed, which has led to the decline of the American middle class and the resulting political polarization.

Great technological inventions may bring huge economic benefits, but there is usually a long time lag. For example, this is the case with the steam engine invented by Watt. However, people’s life is short, and in these decades or even longer, one generation or even several generations will become the victims of the technical trap. In the previous human history, the displaced workers would resist these technologies, and the government could only restrict the use of new machines through policies for the sake of political stability.

How to avoid the technical trap? The methods proposed in this book include promoting major educational reforms and increasing investment in basic education; Provide retraining for the affected unemployed; Provide wage insurance; Expand the labor income tax credit; Reduce the control of reemployment; Help the unemployed to move to places where they have jobs; Expand housing supply and cancel zoning restrictions; Develop transportation to reduce commuting time; Industrial revival and so on.

It is not difficult to see that the impact of technology trap is not due to technology itself, but to the field of political economy. The distribution of wealth has always been a difficult problem. The United States with low taxes and low welfare and Denmark with high taxes and high welfare have their own advantages and disadvantages. The solution finally put forward in "Technical Trap" is nothing more than a temporary solution, but not a permanent solution.

However, the questions raised in this book are true: new technologies have improved efficiency and promoted economic growth, but for a period of time, some people have suffered losses because of the emergence of new technologies, and this influence is likely to accompany them for life.

However, the pursuit of labor saving and production efficiency is endless. It is difficult to find a perfect solution between technology based on the overall gift of human beings and the damage of some people’s interests, and probably only the lesser of the two evils can be achieved.

Original title: "Technology Trap: Invention and Impact"

Read the original text

Live delivery is not an independent delivery channel. After layer-by-layer analysis, we can find that there is actually a complete supply chain model behind live delivery. Looking at other industries, we will find that the supply chain plays an incomparable role in the industry.

“Oh my god！”

"Buy it! Buy it! Buy it! "

Li Jiaqi, who just graduated from university in 2015, is still a BA (shopping guide) of L ‘Oré al Nanchang. Perhaps he didn’t expect that Taobao’s Double Eleven live broadcast could bring more than 1 billion goods five years later.

At first, many people thought that the live broadcast with goods was just the TV shopping when I was a child and moved to the Internet, which completely underestimated the economy of live broadcast with goods. During the "Double Eleven" in 2019, live delivery became an important growth point.

According to the statistics of Kaidu Consulting, during the Double Eleven in 2019, 90% of brands started live broadcasting, and the number of broadcasting businesses increased by more than 200% year-on-year. According to the "2019 Taobao Live Ecological Development Trend Report" released by Taobao List and Taobao Live,In 2018, the Taobao live broadcast platform brought hundreds of billions of goods, with a year-on-year growth rate of nearly 400%.

In addition, according to data released by Alibaba, in FY 2019, 50% of Tmall merchants used real-time streaming media to interact with users, resulting in a total turnover of more than 100 billion yuan.At present, the live broadcast of goods is that the anchor and fans form community marketing, and then the fans’ needs are directly passed on to the manufacturers, which is essentially different from TV shopping..

Since 2019, more and more people have participated in the game of live delivery. A top anchor like Viya has her own factory and cooperates with more than 40 factories, some of which deliver an average of 20,000 orders for Viya every day, but this is only a part of all her clothing orders.

In the face of huge economic benefits, the live broadcast supply chain has also formed a new species of supply chain system. The live broadcast supply chain has as many as 10 modes, including brand collection mode, factory production mode and boutique combination mode.

In Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other coastal areas, as long as there is a large enough warehouse, part of it is used as a live exhibition room, and then the goods selection area, the exhibition area and even the warehouse are separated in turn, thus satisfying the three elements of "people, goods and fields" in retail.Such a "supply chain base" is being rapidly replicated in the anchor. Closer to the goods, closer to the anchor, that is closer to the needs of consumers.

Compared with the traditional supply chain model, online celebrity, as the demand (shopping guide) end, is directly connected with the production end of products, eliminating the carrier of retailers. The original clothing wholesale business was disrupted by these "supply chain bases" brought by the anchors.

Zhejiang is a traditional distribution center for small commodities and clothing wholesale. Traditional clothing processing has always been the depth of the supply chain, which means that one style produces thousands of pieces, and it is enough to produce several such explosions in a season. And an anchor like Viya, the factory makes 30,000 pairs of jeans a day, and they sell them out in one night. The change of consumers’ shopping style directly affects the response speed of supply chain, the delivery speed of logistics and the digestion cycle of inventory. If the new model is not sold out in one month, it may be unsalable.

Supported by huge traffic nodes and driven by live broadcast, network anchors integrate consumers, e-commerce platforms, suppliers, factories, brands and online celebrity institutions (MCN) together, forming a huge supply chain network system, which is mutually cooperative and fast iterative.

This is the value brought by the supply chain with live broadcast to e-commerce, but the live broadcast supply chain is only a new species of the traditional supply chain. Supply chain management means that the operation of the supply chain is optimized, and the supply chain is made from the beginning of procurement to the satisfaction of the end customers at the least cost.

In the traditional supply chain process, there is a carrier (retail company) to purchase goods (source) from the source of production in advance, put them in the warehouse, and deliver and reorder according to the needs of customers. If you can, you can imagine that the simplest supply chain is the canteen downstairs in the community.

However, if the products are enlarged, for example, there are 80,000 SKUs (product bar codes) and 2,000 stores, then this is not a simple matter, and an extremely complex and systematic supply chain management system is needed.Apple, which has no production line, can get 58.5% profit from every iPhone it sells.It is no exaggeration to say that supply chain management, like product research and development, is a value chain gold mine for enterprises.

At the shareholders’ meeting of Hailan House in April, 2019, Zhou Jianping, the chairman of the board, clashed with the shareholders attending the meeting. The fuse was that investors questioned the high inventory of Hailan House. By the end of 2018,The inventory of Hailan House is 9.47 billion yuan, equivalent to three times the annual profit, up 980 million yuan from the end of last year and up 11.55% year-on-year..

In fact, this situation is not unique to Hailan House. Statistics show that as of September 30, 2018, among the 85 A-share textile and garment enterprises, 81 had an inventory of over 100 million yuan and 20 had an inventory of over 1 billion yuan.The total inventory of 85 textile and garment enterprises is as high as 98.564 billion yuan, which is higher than their total net profit of 17.251 billion yuan, and the inventory of almost all enterprises is much higher than their net profit.. High inventory is like the sword of Damocles hanging high, which will fall at any time and put the enterprise to death.

It can be said that whoever solves the problem of high inventory and reduces the inventory of enterprises is creating huge profits for enterprises.

Starbucks has more than 16,700 retail stores in 51 countries around the world, and about 5 million customers come to spend money every week.

In the early 1990s, Starbucks just went public, raised capital, and opened more than 1,000 stores in the United States in just 5-6 years. At the same time, the whole planning and supply system is still manual, and stores and buyers communicate with each other by calling from a distance through voice messages.

From the sales of one hundred million dollars to 700 million dollars, on the one hand, stores and businesses are developing rapidly, and on the other hand, manual and traditional communication methods are used. It is really common for stores to lack beans.

In this extraordinary period, Starbucks really survived with the unusual passion of its employees. Once the beans in any store were in a hurry, the manager of the nearby store grabbed a bag of bean human flesh and drove it over.

Tim Duffy, then head of Starbucks’ supply chain system, said:

"When you have more than 2,000 stores, we can’t send beans back and forth with 2,000 human flesh express."

Therefore, since 1995, Starbucks decided to upgrade the whole supply chain system, involving the end-to-end planning of the whole supply chain information system, from planning and forecasting to capacity management, production control, order execution, warehouse and distribution system, database management and transportation management.

Finally, Starbucks established a global coordinated supply chain. Starbucks has to go through 24 hands from coffee beans from all continents to a cup of ground coffee. Starbucks has implemented a complete evaluation system and database for suppliers, which can accurately evaluate the performance of each supplier and use the demand forecasting system to predict the replenishment of coffee in stores.

A strong supply chain supports the expansion of Starbucks. In 1999, Starbucks opened its first store in Beijing International Trade Center. By 2019, Starbucks had opened 4,100 stores in 168 cities.

It can be said that without strong supply chain support, there would be no Starbucks today..

On April 12, 2018, Liu Qiangdong said, "JD.COM is not an e-commerce company. We are a company that uses technology to build supply chain services, and we use technology to provide supply chain services for our brands! This is why we have spent more than ten years investing in building a logistics system. "

In 2017, the scale of online retail in the United States was less than $500 billion, while that in China exceeded $1.1 trillion. The largest retail company in the United States is not Amazon, but Wal-Mart, and even by 2017, the proportion of online retail will be about 8%. China, on the other hand, is a different story. The largest retailer is JD.COM, and the proportion of online retailing exceeds 16%, almost double that of the United States.

Wal-Mart is known as a supermarket for the poor, because it has established a global supply chain and logistics system, and goods can go directly from factories to stores, and then directly to final consumers. However, the goods bought by domestic consumers are constantly spread to the terminal stores by the brand through the first-class agents, and the price increase and logistics cost of intermediate transfer are finally reflected in the commodity price, and the user pays the bill.

In addition to its own self-operated e-commerce business, JD.COM has quickly transformed itself into the retail infrastructure of China through its supply chain and logistics advantages built over the past ten years. So now supermarkets, restaurants and pharmacies in any city in China can be delivered to consumers through Jingdong Logistics.

Today, with big data and cloud computing, the combination of data and supply chain will make JD.COM a smart supply chain.

Smart supply chain makes the comprehensive expense ratio of self-operated retail in JD.COM less than 10%. What is this concept?At present, there are only a few two or three companies in the world that can achieve a comprehensive expense ratio of 10%. One of them is Costco of the United States, and its expense ratio is less than 10%.It can achieve a good profit with a gross profit margin of 11-12%. And most of our retailers in China and all over the world need more than 20% to make a profit, that is, the cost is about 15% to 20%.

What is the measure of our supply chain efficiency? Today, JD.COM manages more than 500 logistics centers in China alone, and the number of our products in the warehouse is close to 5 million, while our traditional retailers generally manage 150,000 SKUs. The management difficulty of 5 million SKUs is not 30 times that of 150,000 SKUs, but may be 300 times. It is not a linear increase, but an increase in geometric index. It can be said that Liu Qiangdong is right, and JD.COM is a technology supply chain company.

The cost of socialized supply chain in our country accounts for about 18% of GDP.This is the figure in 2016, but Europe and the United States are only about 7% to 8%, and Japan can achieve 5% to 6%. Our country has a huge manufacturing industry and a large number of brand owners. Everyone has worked hard to do business, and the quality of goods is good. The gross profit margin looks high, but the result is that they don’t make money, and they are all wasted and lost by inefficient supply chains.

The GDP growth of China in 2019 is 6.1%. It is foreseeable that this incremental curve will become smoother and smoother, and it will be difficult for enterprises to make money. To survive in the fierce competition, it is the product and operating costs.

Whoever does a good job in the supply chain is saving costs for enterprises, saving costs for enterprises and increasing profits for enterprises.

And this is the value brought by the supply chain.

　
This article was originally published by @explorer. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Spring Festival travel rush in 2025 will begin on January 14th. Recently, the Ministry of Public Security combined with the characteristics of road traffic accidents in Spring Festival travel rush in previous years to judge the traffic safety situation in Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, and issued traffic safety tips.

Based on the characteristics of traffic trip, road freight flow and meteorological forecast, Spring Festival travel rush road traffic safety will face five outstanding risks in 2025:

Risk of accidents in self-driving travel. Relevant departments predict that the scale of cross-regional self-driving trips in Spring Festival travel rush this year is expected to reach about 7.2 billion person-times, with high probability of fatigue driving, distracted driving, speeding and overcrowding, and prominent traffic safety risks.

Travel safety risks. The Spring Festival holiday has been extended to 8 days, and the number of visiting relatives and traveling has increased significantly. Some families choose to "take a car off without stopping", which may easily lead to driving in a state of physical fatigue and pose safety risks.

Risk of passenger and cargo transportation interweaving. This year, the peak of road passenger transport in Spring Festival travel rush will show the characteristics of "coming early and taking a long time". The demand for short-distance passenger transport, tourist passenger transport, and personalized travel such as car rental, carpooling, car rental and car rental in different places will be released centrally, and the risk points will increase. There is a strong demand for freight transportation such as energy supply and people’s livelihood materials, and passenger and cargo transportation are intertwined, which increases security risks. In particular, before the Spring Festival, "rushing to work" and "rushing to transport" and after the Lantern Festival, "opening the door", "Dora running" and fatigue driving are frequent, and the risk of causing trouble is outstanding.

Traffic safety risks in rural areas. Rural areas have entered the period when the traffic volume of people and vehicles is the most concentrated in a year, and the traffic environment is more complicated. There are more trips such as going to fairs, visiting relatives and friends, and more accidents and violations such as drunk driving, driving without a license and speeding. Some returnees do not adapt to the narrow mountain roads, steep bends and steep slopes, and are prone to traffic accidents.

Traffic safety risks in bad weather. The weather situation in winter is complicated and changeable, with frequent low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather, which has a great impact on traffic and safety in Spring Festival travel rush.

Ministry of public security tips

When traveling by car, you should know the traffic conditions, weather forecast and safety tips in advance, arrange the travel time and route reasonably, and try your best to travel at the wrong peak.

Check the condition of the car in advance before going out, concentrate on driving, don’t be distracted, don’t overspeed and don’t drive tired. Keep in mind that "don’t drive after drinking, don’t drink while driving", and don’t drunk driving.

During the internship, drivers should carefully choose long-distance self-driving travel. When driving on the expressway, you should always keep a safe distance. In case of congestion or slow-moving sections, don’t cut in at will, don’t occupy the emergency lane, and if there is a traffic accident or failure, you should "pull over and call the police when people evacuate".

Pay attention to the signs and signs when driving out of the expressway exit, drive on the right side in advance, and do not brake suddenly, stop suddenly, change lanes or reverse at the exit. When driving on urban roads, you should pay attention to observing the road conditions and maintain a safe speed. Don’t let your guard down and overspeed because of the decrease in traffic. When passing through signalless intersections or zebra crossings, you should slow down in advance to ensure safe passage. When driving on rural roads, in case of sharp bends, steep slopes, long downhill roads and roads facing water and cliffs, you should slow down and avoid overtaking in corners.

When passing through the village and town, you should pay attention to the vehicles and pedestrians on both sides of the road and make way according to the regulations. The line of sight is poor in the early morning and evening. When driving, pay attention to the pedestrians on the road and try to drive on the middle line.

In case of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather, try to reduce self-driving travel. If it is really necessary to travel by car, it is necessary to reduce the speed and control the distance, and do not rush to the direction or brake to prevent the vehicle from slipping out of control or rear-end collision.

When the road is covered with snow or ice, you should try to drive along the rut track of the preceding car, do not accelerate overtaking, and take measures in advance when you need to stop.

When traveling by passenger vehicles, you should choose regular operating buses. Don’t take "black cars" or overcrowded buses outside the station, and don’t take non-passenger vehicles such as light trucks, tricycles and tractors. Fasten your seat belts all the way.

(CCTV reporter Li Wei)

　　The press in Shijiazhuang was greatly influenced by the Beijing-Tianjin press. In the early 1930s, there were nine foreign newspapers stationed in Shijiazhuang, and the sales of foreign newspapers in Shijiazhuang were also increasing. According to the statistics of Ta Kung Pao reporters in Shijiazhuang, "Tianjin Ta Kung Pao has the largest sales volume, with a daily sales volume of more than 200 copies; More than ten copies of the newspaper; More than 30 copies of Oriental Daily; Shanghai declared more than 30 copies; More than ten news reports; Seventy copies of Beijing (Tianjin) Yishi newspaper; Fifty copies of the vernacular newspaper; Forty small daily newspapers; The rest of North China Daily, World Daily, Qunqiang Daily, Beijing Daily, Morning News, Morning News, Shih Pao and Pinbao have sold more than 50 copies. Since then, it has become more prosperous. " Faced with the pressure from other places, local newspapers in Shijiazhuang compete with foreign newspapers in publishing content, distribution channels and sales prices. At the same time, there is competition among several local newspapers. Whoever wins the first place in layout and printing quality will cause dissatisfaction and tension among other newspapers.

　　Li Huimin reporter An Wenlian

　　The Beijing-Tianjin press has a great influence on Shijiazhuang newspapers.

　　Several local newspapers in Shijiazhuang can’t compete with the newspapers in big cities in terms of overall content, especially domestic and foreign news reports and comments.

　　Before the "July 7th Incident", the sources of important international and domestic news and commentary of all local newspapers came from the Central News Agency. After the fall of Shijiazhuang, most of the important international and domestic news and commentary articles that newspapers can use came from the telegrams of the Japanese "Allied Society"; After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the important international and domestic news and commentary contents of newspapers mainly copied the news recorded by the Kuomintang Central News Agency by radio.

　　At that time, Shijiazhuang already had the conditions to send news by telegraph to foreign journalists. The charge for Chinese telegrams was two cents and five cents per word, while that for foreign news telegrams was five cents per word. However, the utilization rate of local newspapers was not high, and most of the users were accredited journalists from foreign newspapers. Later, each newspaper had its own receiver, which could receive and translate telegrams at any time. In 1946, Shimen Daily often published all kinds of news at home and abroad in the name of "the report of the first radio room of this newspaper". Local news is generally contributed by special correspondents of local newspapers abroad, while a large amount of news in some tabloids relies on editing and editing of big newspaper news, with Shanghai News, Guangzhou News and Nanjing News as the news headers, serving as important news sources.

　　Every newspaper has "visitors"

　　In the competition of newspaper content, Shijiazhuang newspapers can only be reflected in local news, making a big fuss about local authorities’ notices, social trends, commercial ups and downs, cases of robbery and robbery, anecdotes of entertainers and civil conflict lawsuits.

　　Newspapers generally have "reporters", and most of them get information materials from chambers of commerce, police stations, trade associations and other departments or organs. During the Republic of China, Mr. Di Zhong, who worked as a reporter and editor in several newspapers in Shijiazhuang, said in his memoirs that the main organs and units he interviewed in that year were the social science department, the education department, the administrative department of the municipal police station, the court, the publicity department of the 11th Commission, the municipal chamber of commerce, banks, banks and Daxing cotton mill.

　　In the 1930s, Business Daily systematically reported the contents of all previous meetings of Shimen Chamber of Commerce and trade associations, and tracked and reported all kinds of notices and cases detected by the police station in detail. At that time, the number of employees in newspapers was generally small, and often one person held several jobs, working as a reporter, editing and even proofreading. After the Kuomintang took over the Shimen Daily, "there are only one or two reporters, and seven or eight articles have to be handed in every day". Therefore, it is extremely common to reprint the contents of other newspapers or simply edit and process some ready-made articles provided by local authorities.

　　Due to the shortage of reporters who go out to interview, the shortage of press releases, and the lack of professional quality and social responsibility of journalists, some hearsay news is compiled and distributed to newspapers without any investigation and verification, which leads to the low quality of most newspaper manuscripts and the phenomenon of inaccurate news often occurs. For example, when the People’s Liberation Army annihilated Hu Zongnan and his men and recovered Yan ‘an, the press release issued by Shijiazhuang newspaper still said that "Yan ‘an was impregnable and the communists suffered heavy casualties". On the eve of the liberation of Shijiazhuang, the third army of Chiang Kai-shek’s direct forces was completely annihilated in the battle of Qingfengdian in Baoding, and all the commanders and deputy commanders were captured alive. However, the press release still ignored the facts and reported that the national army had won a total victory and the third army had successfully returned to Shijiazhuang.

　　Pursuing the effect, reporting the adventure and novelty

　　Anecdotes and anecdotes are a means for newspapers to attract readers. During the Republic of China, Shijiazhuang newspapers "described in detail the incidents of murder, fire, grand theft, grand fraud, etc. reported from police stations, courts or social contacts, so as to make people feel sensational, thus attracting readers and expanding newspaper distribution."

　　In order to increase the attractiveness of newspapers, some newspapers even paid the price of distortion. At that time, people in the press unilaterally believed that the more thrilling and bizarre it was, the more newsworthy it was. Therefore, during the Republic of China, unconventional social news topics were common in Shijiazhuang newspapers, some of which were simply to cater to them.

　　The general public class people’s curiosity reading preferences, and some also published some "articles touting celebrities or prostitutes." In 1933, in order to attract the public’s attention, Shimen Daily held the first evaluation of famous prostitutes in Shimen, and selected 12 famous prostitutes in Shimen, including President of Huaguo, Vice President of Huaguo, based on flowers, Baoxing, Venus, Silver Star, Red Star, Yellow Star, Blue Star, White Star, Purple Star and Yaxing. In the news published in the newspaper, many reports are about cases of theft, hooliganism, drug abuse, gambling and assassination in urban society.

　　In the Business Daily in 1930s, you can often see reports of social disputes and lawsuits such as Why Hit a Woman in the Face Again, Son Fraudulent Mother, A Girl’s Weird Behaviour Senses Tourists, How can a Crazy Woman Make a scene in Wu Gong Temple, and Coal-black Staging of Men’s and Women’s Martial Arts Drama. In order to pursue the news attraction, newspapers are inevitably mixed with mud and sand, which seriously pollutes the social and cultural air. Therefore, during the Republic of China, all kinds of newspapers in Shijiazhuang generally had the characteristics of "except exaggeration and distortion, they are dazzling".

　　When running a newspaper in vernacular Chinese, use the comma to the end.

　　In the early 1930s, Shimen Daily was published in four editions, the first edition was news, the second edition was a serial of novels, the third edition was a supplement and the fourth edition was social news. Zheng Yan Bao also has four editions, but the layout is slightly different. The second edition is a supplement and the third edition is a special supplement.

　　In the late 1930s, Shimen New Newspaper was published in folio every day. Later, due to a slight shortage of paper sources, it was changed to folio every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, and folio every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. The first edition is news, the second edition is local news, the third edition is local news, and the fourth edition is a supplement. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the first edition of Shimen Daily is news and editorials at home and abroad, the second edition is social news of this city, the third edition is a supplement, and the fourth edition is an advertisement. Awakening People Daily, founded in 1945, is also a tabloid with four editions and four editions, without its own characteristics.

　　In 1928, the National Government stipulated the unified use of punctuation marks. Since then, Shijiazhuang newspapers and periodicals have been founded, and all of them are in ordinary vernacular, so it is not difficult to read broken sentences. However, the general use of punctuation in newspapers is often a tease to the end, with commas in the whole paragraph, or a sentence to the end, or a full stop in the whole paragraph. From the aspect of layout design, the first edition of the newspaper has 14 columns, each column is 120 lines with 10 words in each row. Most newspapers have always been mechanical and lack artistry, and the text is arranged vertically from right to left. At that time, newspapers were all printed with movable type, and there was no paper type. When the type was continuously worn, the handwriting was often blurred and the printing quality was relatively poor. In the 1930s, some small newspapers often used different font sizes because of their incomplete font sizes. For example, titles of different sizes often appear in Business Daily, which seriously affects the aesthetic effect of the layout. After the 1940s, especially in some big newspapers, there have been obvious changes in newspaper type, edition number, opening, layout arrangement, edition design, title making and so on.

First, the main procedures for the election of party branches

1. Election preparation

(1) Write a report for instructions on re-election of the Party branch committee to the higher party organization. Before the general election, the Party branch committee should hold a general party membership meeting meeting to discuss and make a resolution on the general election and re-election, and write a report on asking the higher party organizations to re-elect the Party branch committee. The main contents of the request report include: the establishment time and expiration time of the current Party branch committee, when the general election will be held, and the number of members, secretaries and deputy secretaries of the next Party branch committee and the election method. After the approval of the higher-level party organization, the preparations for the election can be started.

(2) Prepare the work report of the Party branch committee. It is necessary to hold a meeting of the Party branch committee, conduct collective research on how to draft the work report, draw up an outline and designate drafters. In drafting the work report, we should listen to the opinions of the masses inside and outside the Party, fully affirm the achievements, and find out the problems existing in the work and the new ideas and methods for improving the work. After full discussion and revision, we will finally submit them to the Party branch committee for discussion and approval.

(3) Conduct election education. Party branches should educate party member in four aspects by organizing life and necessary meetings: first, the education of the party’s democratic centralism; The second is to educate the guiding ideology of the branch meeting; Third, the education of cadre policies and standards; The fourth is the education of correctly exercising democratic rights.

(4) brewing to determine candidates. Candidates must be determined through full deliberation and discussion between party organizations and voters. Its form can be nominated by party member or the party group first, and the opinions of the party branch Committee will be put forward after careful deliberation; It can also be nominated by the Party branch committee and submitted to the party group and party member for deliberation and discussion. When planning and determining the candidates for Party branch committee members, we must fully consider the work needs, work ability and political and ideological performance; The candidates attending the Party Congress at the next higher level must be advanced, pure and representative, and can fully reflect all aspects of the branch and the voices and demands of party member and groups.

(5) Determine the election method of the General Assembly. The Party branch committee shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of party constitution and the actual situation of this branch, formulate specific election methods from the perspective of promoting inner-party democracy and reflecting the will of voters. Its contents include: it is necessary to make clear the basis for formulating election methods; The content, number of places and the number of differential elections of the general assembly election; The method of selecting candidates and the order of arrangement; Election method; The method of drawing ballot papers and the provisions on determining whether they are valid or invalid; Methods for the selection of scrutineers and tellers; The specific requirements and practices of voting; Determine the provisions of the election of the elected people and the order of the elected people. The election method needs to be submitted to the higher party organization for approval.

(6) Printing ballot papers, preparing ballot boxes and arranging election venues. Ballot papers should be uniform and not marked or marked. The list of candidates should be arranged in the order of surname strokes (pre-selected candidates can be arranged in the order of the number of votes). At the same time, spaces equal to the number of places to be elected should be listed for the electors to fill in when choosing others. The ballot paper should be stamped with the seal of the branch or the seal of the branch. The layout of the venue should be solemn and simple.

2. Election procedure

(1) Count the number of people and confirm the election qualification. The election meeting was presided over by the last Party branch committee. Before announcing the meeting, the host should first count the number of people attending the meeting in party member. After the inventory, it is necessary to report the results to all party member, indicating the total number of party member in this branch, including the number of party member who have the right to vote and stand for election; The actual number of people attending the meeting is party member, including party member who has the right to vote and be elected. Only when party member, who actually has the right to vote, exceeds four-fifths of the number of people who should attend the meeting, can the meeting be declared valid and can be held, otherwise the meeting will be invalid.

(2) Make a work report to the General Assembly. The report of the Party branch committee to the branch general party membership meeting is an important agenda of the general election meeting. After the report is discussed by all party member and adopted by the branch general party membership meeting, the Party branch committee shall copy the work report in duplicate, one for the higher party organization and the other for the document file of the Party branch.

(3) through the election method and the staff of scrutinizing and counting votes. The election method proposed by the Party branch committee shall be submitted to party member for deliberation after being approved in principle by the higher-level party organization and before the branch general party membership meeting formally votes, and then passed by a show of hands. The election staff for scrutineering and counting of votes at the General Assembly may be nominated by party member or put forward a list of suggestions by the Party branch committee, but no matter who nominates, it must be approved by the branch general party membership meeting by a show of hands. Neither the members of this Party branch nor the candidates of the next Party branch committee are suitable to serve as election staff. The scrutineers are responsible for supervising the whole process of the election. The tellers work under the supervision of the scrutineers.

(4) Publish the list of candidates and introduce the candidates. Before the official election, the Party branch committee should announce the list of candidates to general party membership meeting Branch, and truthfully introduce the recommendation process of the list of candidates and the resume, work performance, main advantages and disadvantages of each candidate, so as to help party member understand the candidates more comprehensively. If party member makes an inquiry, the Party branch committee should make necessary explanations and explanations to party member; At the request of the electors, the candidates may introduce themselves and explain themselves and answer questions raised by the electors.

(5) Distribute and fill in the ballot papers. Under the supervision of scrutineers, the tellers accurately check the number of people participating in the election and the number of votes, and then distribute the votes to party member, who has the right to vote at the meeting, and report to the conference host. After the ballot papers are distributed, the scrutineer will explain the matters needing attention and requirements to party member, and then party member will fill in the ballot papers. There are five points to pay attention to when filling in the ballot paper: First, the ballot paper shall not be altered or torn, and generally it will not be replaced if it is filled in, and it will be treated as waiver or invalidation; Second, the electors cannot attend the meeting for some reason and cannot entrust others to fill it out on their behalf; Third, party member can abstain from voting, but it should be decided carefully; Fourth, you can’t choose another person after abstaining from voting, and you can choose another person after voting against it; Fifth, electors can vote for themselves in the election.

(6) Voting and invoicing. Before voting, ballot boxes should be inspected by election staff in public, and sealed in public after confirmation. The voting sequence is that the election staff will vote first, and then party member will vote one by one. If there is no ballot box, the scrutineers can take back the votes one by one. After the voting, the scrutineers opened the ballot boxes in public and counted the number of votes taken back. If the votes recovered are equal to or less than the votes issued, the election is valid; If more votes are collected than issued, the election is invalid.

(7) Judge the elected person by counting votes. Counting votes means recording all the votes of candidates and other candidates by singing and recording votes, and counting the number of votes of each person accordingly, and judging the winner according to regulations. First, when an election is held in general party membership meeting Branch, the number of people who have the right to vote exceeds four fifths of the number who should attend the meeting, and the meeting is valid. Elected people can only be elected if they get more than half of the votes in favor. Second, when the number of elected people is more than the number of places to be elected, the one with the most votes will be elected. Third, when more than half of the candidates are less than the number of places to be elected, only the vacancies need to be by-elected, and there is no need to choose all of them. For the by-election of vacancies, a differential election may be held among the candidates who have won more than half of the votes. If it is close to the number of places to be elected, it can also reduce the number of places and stop the election; Fourth, in case of an equal number of votes, if the winner cannot be determined, the candidate with an equal number of votes shall be re-voted, and the one with more votes shall be elected. Fifth, if a non-candidate gets more than half of the votes and the number of votes is within the range of the number of candidates to be elected, it should be valid and elected. Sixth, if the number of votes of the candidates has just reached half but not more than half, they cannot be elected. Seventh, if the ballot paper is altered or torn, and the candidate cannot be confirmed, it will be treated as invalid.

(8) Announce the election results and seal up the ballot papers. After counting the votes, the scrutineers shall sign the results of counting the votes, announce the votes of the candidates in public, announce the list of elected persons, and explain that the list of elected persons shall take effect after being approved by the superiors. After the election, the election staff should count and seal the votes, hand them over to the newly-created Party branch committee for filing, and destroy them after being kept for a period of time with the permission of their superiors.

3. Post-election work

(1) Hold the first meeting of the new Party branch committee to determine the division of labor of Party branch members. After the election meeting, the first meeting of the new Party branch committee should be held in time. The meeting shall be presided over by a newly elected member recommended by the members of the branch Committee. The main content of the meeting is to elect the secretary and deputy secretary of the party branch and study the division of labor among the members of the party branch.

(2) report the election results to the higher party organizations. The Party branch committee shall report the election meeting to the higher party organization in writing, and report the division of labor of the members of the Party branch committee to the higher party organization for approval and filing.

(3) Do a good job in ideological and political work of unsuccessful candidates. It is normal for some candidates to lose the election by difference. It is necessary to educate party member, who lost the election, to treat himself correctly, to find out the reasons for his failure and the ways to improve his work, to further do his work well, and to give full play to party member’s due vanguard and exemplary role.

(Party branch secretarymagazineAuthorized People’s Daily Online-the Communist Party of China (CPC) Press Release, please do not reprint.) 　 　

> > > Click to enter the "National Party Construction Journal Expo"

Project overview:

Potential bidders of the "2025-2026 security outsourcing service" project should obtain the procurement documents through "online acquisition" and submit the bidding documents before 10:30 (Beijing time) on May 21st, 2025.

Project number:BSQ25C00036

Project name:Security outsourcing services in 2025-2026

Purchasing method:open tendering

Budget amount:1,917,000.00 yuan

Maximum price: 1,917,000.00 yuan.

Procurement requirements:

Term of performance of the contract:See the procurement documents for details.

Whether the project accepts the consortium:no

II. Qualification requirements of the applicant

1. Meet the provisions of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

2, the implementation of government procurement policy to meet the qualification requirements:

(a) to meet the provisions of article twenty-second of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipal Government Procurement Law;

(two) the implementation of government procurement policies to meet the qualification requirements:

This project is specially designed for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the bidder shall provide services such as "Statement Letter for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" or "Certificate Document for Prison Enterprises" or "Statement Letter for Welfare Units for Disabled Persons".

）。

3. Specific qualification requirements of this project:

The bidder shall have a Security Service Permit within the validity period. (Provide a copy of the certificate and affix the official seal of the bidder).

III. Location, method, time limit and selling price of obtaining public bidding documents

Time limit for obtaining documents: April 28, 2025 to May 8, 2025.

Every morning from 09:00:00 to 12:00:00 and from 14:00:00 to 18:00:00. (Beijing time, except legal holidays)

Document purchase fee: 0.00 yuan/package

Where to get the file: online.

Mode or matter:

IV. Submission of Bidding Documents

Time for submission of bid documents: 10:30 on May 20, 2025.

Deadline for submission of bid documents: 10:30 on May 21st, 2025.

Submission place of bidding documents: this project is submitted online. Bidders use the client-side bidding tools provided by the platform to prepare bidding documents before the bidding deadline, and then log in to the "Chongqing Municipal Government Procurement Network" to enter the "Online Bid Opening" column and submit them in the "My Bidding Project → Online Bidding" section.

V. Bid Opening Information

Time for bid opening: May 21, 2025 at 10:30.

Place of bid opening: This project adopts the online bid opening method, and the bidder can remotely participate in the bid opening (necessary equipment for bid opening: CA certificate, laptop with wireless Internet access (camera, microphone and sound card are required), wireless network card, etc.) in Chongqing Municipal Government Procurement Website →→→→→→ Personal Center →→→ Online Bid Evaluation Hall, but the bidder fails to decrypt the electronic bid documents or participate in the bid opening within the specified time due to his own reasons.

Sixth, the announcement period

5 working days from the date of this announcement.

VII. Other Supplementary Matters

1. If the bidder fails to decrypt the electronic bidding documents within the specified time (the default time is 30 minutes, which can be extended/changed according to the on-site response):

(1) If the decryption time is affected by the objective reasons of the whole electronic system of government procurement, the purchaser/procurement agency may extend the decryption time according to the actual situation on site. If the bidder still can’t decrypt it, the bidder can apply to the purchaser/procurement agency to enable the method of uploading unencrypted electronic backup files as a remedial measure; If the bidder neither decrypts nor provides the unencrypted electronic backup file as a remedial measure within the specified time, it shall be deemed that the bidder voluntarily gives up the bidding qualification for the project.

(2) If the decryption work is not completed due to the bidder’s subjective reasons, and the effective unencrypted backup file is not provided within the specified time, it will be deemed that the bidder cancels the bid document after the deadline for submitting the bid document, and the response is invalid, and the bidder shall not participate in the subsequent procurement activities of this project. If the project provides a deposit, the deposit deduction will not be refunded.

2. This project adopts the whole process of electronic bidding. All bidders should be familiar with the whole process of electronic bid opening and evaluation of government procurement. For specific e-procurement rules and operation instructions, please download the attachment of the project announcement, Process Manual for Bidders to Deal with Formal CA Signature of Chongqing Whole-process Electronic Bidding Project, Supplier Operation Manual for Whole-process Electronic Procurement System of Government Procurement (CA Certificate Signature Edition) and Software Installation Manual for Suppliers of Government Procurement (CA Edition), and operate according to their requirements.

3. This project specifies the information of the special account for paying the bid bond.

VIII. Contact information

1, the purchaser information

Purchaser: Second People’s Hospital of Bishan District, Chongqing.

Purchasing Agent: Deng Shengqian

Buyer’s Tel: 13983499841

Purchaser’s address: No.238 Huimin Road, Dingjia Street, Bishan District, Chongqing

2. Information of purchasing agency

Agency: Chongqing Bishan District Public Resource Trading Center.

Agent: Miss Li.

Agency Tel: 41660583

Agency address: 3rd floor, Zone A, Administrative Service Center, No.1 Tieshan Road, Biquan Street, Bishan District, Chongqing.

3. Project contact information

Project Contact: Wang Shaoyu

Telephone number of project contact person: 15823188858

IX. Annexes