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　　On July 18th, 2016, in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, the Republican National Convention was held, and presidential candidate Trump and his wife Melania attended.

　　BEIJING, July 20 (Xinhua) According to foreign media reports on the 19 th, Dunica, a famous American "collective nude photo" photographer, enlarged his move — — On the occasion of the Republican National Convention, Dunica asked 100 naked women to take a group photo outside the Republican National Convention in Cleveland with a mirror reflecting sunlight to protest Trump’s hate speech.

　　Dunica’s large-scale art activity is called "Everything She says means everything", and all the participating women, regardless of their appearance, skin color and figure, are holding mirrors towards the venue of this week’s Republican Party Congress.

　　The Republican Party Congress officially nominated real estate tycoon Trump as the Republican presidential candidate.

　　Dunica is famous for taking nude photos, which are sometimes breathtaking. Hundreds of women showed up naked in Cleveland, some took selfies and took photos with onlookers gracefully.

　　Dunica wrote on social networking sites that these mirrors reflect "the advanced knowledge and intelligence of women to the convention center, urban landscape and vision of Cleveland".

　　The artist said that shooting is of political significance. When Dunica talked about Trump’s vicious abuse of Mexicans, Arabs, female journalists and others in June, he told AFP: "There should be no hate speech in the presidential election."

　　He said, "I can’t just vote. I have to do something." "I think every artist in the United States should create and send a message before the election."

Lead: Business has always been an important part of human society. There were many outstanding business figures in ancient China, but they were rarely known by the world. In order to summarize these business wisdom from ancient ancestors and enlighten the present, Lishi Business Think Tank has planned a series of "Business People in China’s Ancient Business History" for readers. This issue shares the financial magnate Wuyan who made a profit through the investment war in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Liping | Author Lishi Business Think Tank | Produced by

War is a matter that consumes human life and money. The former is the so-called "one will make a great effort and ten thousand bones will wither away", "poor bones along the river are still in a dream", and the latter is what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War: "Take a hundred thousand armour and feed food thousands of miles away". If more than one hundred thousand soldiers are used, they will be transported thousands of miles away, and there are also "internal and external expenses, guests’ use and glue.

In a word, fighting is a costly thing.

This is already a common sense.

However, we may not realize that the economic cost of war is not only paid by the state, but also by individuals. The personal contribution mentioned here is not to pay taxes for the country to use in the war, but as an individual, he should buy his own military supplies and use his own money to go to the battlefield.

This is actually in ancient China and foreign countries.

There is another point that many people may not realize. In ancient times, there were financial lending institutions that profited from the war and made huge profits.

What’s going on? Let’s take a look at the financial industry of the ancient investment war by resuming the chaos of the seven countries in the Western Han Dynasty.

one

The governors of the Western Han Dynasty dared to rebel because of money.

As we all know, since Qin Shihuang, China has implemented the county system, depriving the sons and grandsons of the right to hereditary territory and titles, and the political pattern of feudal society in China, as well as the central and local patterns, has been determined.

However, history is moving forward in a roundabout rhythm, moving forward, retreating a little, and moving forward again.

The Qin Dynasty was short-lived. Many people think that it was because Qin Shihuang implemented a thorough county system and did not set up descendants as vassals as barriers. So after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to continuing the county system established by the Qin Dynasty, it was still mixed with the vassal system, and Liu Bang enfeoffed his sons and nephews to become princes everywhere, forming a pattern in which the county system and the enfeoffment system crossed.

Liu Bang was uneasy about this situation in his heart. For example, when he made his nephew Liu Bi the king of Wu, he saw that Liu Bi was strong and couldn’t help feeling a twinge in his heart, so he stroked Liu Bi’s head and said, "Your boy must be loyal to my big fellow, and there must be no infidelity." Liu Bi was also frightened and trembling by this uncle who killed the snake uprising and put down the overlord, and said, "I will obey you."

With Liu Bang gone, it is not necessary to obey.

With the passage of time, the honeymoon period of the county system and the enfeoffment system passed quickly, and two different blood types could not coexist in the body of a dynasty and began to repel each other.

By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi, a famous scholar, urged the emperor to end the system of enfeoffment.

When Emperor Han Jingdi arrived, Chao Cuo, the minister, explicitly proposed to cut the vassal.

Thus, in 154 BC, the contradiction between the imperial court and the princes was irreconcilable. Headed by Liu Bi, the king of Wu, the king of Chu, the king of Zhao, the king of Jinan, the king of Zichuan, the king of Jiaoxi and the king of Jiaodong, they launched a rebellion in the name of "Qingjun side".

On the surface, the rebellion of the seven countries was to kill Chao Cuo, and Emperor Han Jing really believed it and killed Chao Cuo. However, the rebellion did not stop. It turned out that all the governors wanted not Chao Cuo’s life, but the life of the Han Dynasty.

I don’t need to repeat too much about the process and ending of the war. It only took more than three months, and the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was quelled by Zhou Yafu. Since then, the governors of the Han Dynasty no longer have the ability to confront the central dynasty by force.

The angle we cut in is the economic angle.

When the rebellion just started, how did the wealth and power of the two sides compare?

Everyone must be familiar with Emperor Han Jingdi’s side. It was the prosperous time of the rule of Wenjing. It is said that the grain in the treasury rotted into red, and the money strings were scattered, but they were not used.

And the vassal state side, do you think it is very weak?

Not only not weak, but even stronger than the central dynasty.

The State of Wu under the rule of the King of Wu, Liu Ying, was a giant consortium, which not only had a lot of money, but also implemented a wartime economic system.

The biggest advantage is that the prince of Wu has mines at home.

Yuzhang County, within the jurisdiction of Liu Bi, has a huge copper mountain, which can be used to cast coins; On the east side of the jurisdiction, there is a boundless sea where salt can be boiled.

There is money and salt, and there is no need to pay taxes.

Under this innate advantage, Wu was fully capable of waging war with the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty, and the advantage lay in Wu.

Liu Bi also attaches great importance to the welfare in China. The people live a good life and enjoy extra care. Once the local people are recruited by the central government for military service, the local government of Wu will also pay the employment fee for these people. One person is serving in the military service for the government, so the whole family life need not worry.

The imperial court recruited soldiers, and the local government gave them living expenses. It was clear that it was to buy the hearts of local people.

There are rich mountains, salt seas, manpower, people’s hearts, and princes fighting against the imperial court. The odds are really great. I really don’t know how to write the history of the national movement of the Western Han Dynasty if it weren’t for the military genius Zhou Yafu left by God.

On Wu’s side, the king of Wu paid the bill for participating in the rebel war.

On the central side of the Western Han Dynasty, those who fought had to buy equipment from their own pockets.

What’s more, major financial institutions in Chang ‘an City are reluctant to lend because they are bearish on the war prospect of the central dynasty.

What should Chang ‘an government do next?

two

In the case of sparing loans, how did the Western Han military get out of the predicament?

Re-examine the situation in Chang ‘an before the war.

It can be said that people are in a panic. The financial industry is a barometer of politics and military affairs. At that time, the financial institutions in Chang ‘an basically refused to give it to the "Central Army" of the Han Dynasty because they thought the chances of winning were too low.

"Biography of Huo Zhi" in Historical Records records: "Zi Qianjia thought that Hou Yi’s country was in Kanto, and the success or failure of Kanto was undecided, so he refused to cooperate."

The so-called sub-money family is the kind of lending institution and folk. They thought that the vassal state was east of Chang ‘an, and the success or failure was uncertain at that time, so they refused to lend.

Who will you lend it to?

To those who went to the front to fight.

These liehou ancestors got some enfeoffment because they worked for the Han Dynasty, mostly in the form of land. In return, liehou had to provide their own equipment, buy their own weapons and pommel horses and go to the front at their own expense when the country had military operations.

This situation existed in ancient China and abroad.

For example, "Mulan Ci" said: "The east market buys horses, the west market buys saddles, the south market buys bridles and the north market buys whips." Before Mulan joined the army, she bought equipment all over the market, and probably went to the front at her own expense.

Another example is Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers. The French cardinal launched a war against Spain, and the members of the King’s Musketeers had to prepare their own armor, horses, knives and guns and follow the cardinal to the battlefield. One of them had to please the ladies and borrow money because he was short of money.

This is the situation faced by the Western Han Dynasty.

The assets given by the imperial court are either idle or gambled away, and maybe some of them are still negative assets.

It is necessary to serve the court. But you can’t go to the battlefield on foot with a bamboo pole with bare arms.

They first thought of loans, and maybe they are already frequent customers of these financial lending institutions.

However, all over Chang ‘an, financial institutions are either closed or pushed. Sorry, we financial predators are not optimistic about the war prospects of the imperial court, so we can’t borrow this money.

At this time, the strong men of the Western Han Dynasty were in a desperate situation.

The cross-flow of the sea shows the true colors of heroes and financial institutions.

I am greedy when others are afraid.

This greedy financial institution finally came out. At that time, it was not a financial crocodile, but it was ambitious.

The boss of this financial institution, surnamed Wu Yan, put up a signboard and was willing to lend money to the soldiers who were about to go to the front.

Soon, the empty-handed Hou people rushed in.

The Wuyan family made a written statement with the heroes who were about to go out, and the money was immediately available, but there was a harsh condition, that is, the interest was ten times.

"Its interest rate is ten."

It’s a total usury.

However, without thinking about it, the Hou immediately took money and bought brand-new equipment, and went to the front line without hesitation.

The so-called ten times interest rate is not a threat to them at all.

Because there are only two endings.

One is to die, and people don’t have to pay their debts when they die.

First, victory, once there is a trophy, this interest of ten times can only be described as "mere".

And there are only two endings of salt-free financial institutions.

First, defeat, defeat is defeat, nothing more than losing all one’s money, and the imperial court and country will be lost. What is there to say?

One is victory. Needless to say, we have everything.

The nature of capital is profit-loving, aggressive and adventurous.

Let the capital fight with the soldiers of the crusade.

three

Borrowing capital gained ten times in the war of seven countries.

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion in 154 AD eventually became a large-scale dying struggle of local governors. The Han Dynasty continued its life for more than a hundred years, and the supreme military commander of the imperial court, Zhou Yafu, must be the most grateful person in the world. He used Han Jingdi’s uncle Liang Xiaowang as a fortress to attract the rebels’ fire, so that the rebels were exhausted here, and then he broke the back road of the seven countries by himself, and finally put down the rebellion in three months.

It was Liang Xiaowang who was not under Zhou Yafu’s credit. Although he didn’t take the initiative, he clung to his territory and resisted the fierce attacks of the rebels of the Seven Countries. Liang Xiaowang repeatedly asked Zhou Yafu for help, but Zhou Yafu just ignored it. Others were unreliable and had to ask for help, so the defensive ability was greatly stimulated, which led to great damage to the troops of the Seven Countries at the gates and made it impossible for Zhou Yafu to send troops.

There is another point that many people may not think of, and that is the lending institution-Wuyan’s Qianjia.

The bold lending behavior of the Wuyan clan actually retained the military backbone for the Western Han Dynasty, greatly released their fighting capacity and stimulated their desire to fight. There is money in your hand and you don’t panic when you go into battle. This is one of them. If you are in debt, you must fight bravely and win, so that you can earn your money back and look forward to the future. This is the second.

It can be said that the financial institutions without salt made a key contribution to the victory of the Western Han Dynasty.

Finance not only provides capital, but also provides confidence.

After the victory, the survivors came back with a huge amount of trophies, and their profits exceeded ten times the interest, which made everyone happy.

As for those who were buried in the battlefield, the debts they borrowed were of course bad debts, but they were completely washed away by rich returns.

The ultimate winner is the Han Dynasty.

The biggest winner is the Wuyan family.

Compared with before the war, its assets have increased tenfold.

"At the age of one, the interest rate of the salt-free family is ten times."

Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, a short historical material, shows us the richer structure of ancient wars. It is not only the correct decision of the rulers, the level of the commanders’ use of troops, and the bravery of the soldiers that determines the outcome of the war to quell the rebellion of the Seven Countries, but also closely related to financial lending. It became an integral part of the fighting capacity and fighting confidence of the Han Dynasty.

From a financial point of view, Sima Qian may be the first person in China since ancient times.

— END —

　

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (The above information was updated on August 25th, 2021)

Gansu Provincial Highway Regulations

(adopted at the sixth meeting of the Standing Committee of the fourteenth Gansu Provincial People’s Congress on November 28, 2023)

catalogue

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Highway Planning

Chapter III Highway Construction

Chapter IV Highway Maintenance

Chapter V Highway Utilization and Management

Chapter VI Toll Roads

Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 In order to strengthen the construction, protection and management of highways, ensure the integrity, safety and smoothness of highways, improve the service level of highways, and promote the high-quality development of highways, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Highway Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on Highway Safety Protection of the State Council and other laws and administrative regulations, combined with the actual situation of this province.

Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to the planning, construction, maintenance, utilization, operation, management and related activities of highways within the administrative area of this province.

Where laws and administrative regulations have already provided for the planning, construction, maintenance, utilization, operation and management of highways, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 3 Highways mentioned in these Regulations include highway bridges, highway tunnels and highway ferries.

According to their position in the road network, highways are divided into national highways, provincial highways, county roads, township roads and village roads, and according to their technical levels, they are divided into expressways, first-class highways, second-class highways, third-class highways and fourth-class highways.

The definition of the scope of rural roads and the construction and management of special roads shall be implemented in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant state regulations.

Article 4 Highway development should adhere to the people-centered development idea, follow the principles of overall planning, rational layout, quality assurance, convenience and smoothness, environmental protection, openness and integration, and equal emphasis on construction and maintenance, strengthen highway safety protection and fully improve highway utilization efficiency.

Article 5 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the organization and leadership of highway work, incorporate highway development into national economic and social development planning, land space planning and comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning, promote the integrated and balanced development of urban and rural highway transportation, strengthen the deep integration of highway and economic and social development, coordinate and solve major problems in highway development, and coordinate funds to support highway planning, construction, maintenance, utilization and management according to the division of powers.

The township (town) people’s government is responsible for the construction and maintenance of township roads and village roads within their respective administrative areas. Village (neighborhood) committees shall, under the guidance of township (town) people’s governments, assist in the management of village roads.

Sixth provincial people’s government departments in charge of transportation in charge of the province’s highway work. The transportation departments of the people’s governments of cities (states) and counties (cities, districts) are in charge of highway work within their respective administrative areas.

The departments of development and reform, industry and informatization, public security, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grassland, water conservancy, market supervision and management, and emergency management of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall do a good job in highway-related work within their respective functions and duties.

Article 7 The people’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation, development and reform departments should strengthen the convergence and integration of highways and other modes of transportation, promote the interconnection of transportation facilities in the region, enhance their ability to support economic development and guarantee the lives of urban and rural residents, improve the quality of diversified services and the level of linkage and integration, and realize mutual linkage, resource sharing and coordinated development among regions.

Article 8 People’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation and other relevant departments shall encourage social capital to participate in highway construction, maintenance, utilization and management activities according to law through market-oriented methods, and jointly promote technological innovation in highway construction, maintenance and management. Support the research and development, popularization and application of new materials, new technologies, new processes and new products, and promote the digitalization, intelligent construction and upgrading of highway infrastructure.

Chapter II Highway Planning

Article 9 Highway planning should be compiled according to the needs of national economic and social development and national defense construction in the administrative region, pay attention to the improvement of highway network and the improvement of highway grades, standards and service levels, conform to the national land space planning and the national highway master plan, and coordinate with other relevant special plans such as transportation development planning.

Provincial road planning should be coordinated with national road planning, county road planning should be coordinated with provincial road planning, township road planning should be coordinated with county road planning, and village road planning should be coordinated with township road planning to ensure the full function of road network.

New construction, reconstruction and expansion of highway projects shall conform to highway planning. Construction projects determined by highway planning shall be organized and implemented in a planned way.

Tenth national, provincial, county and township road planning, approval and filing, in accordance with laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of the state. Village road planning shall be compiled by the township (town) people’s government under the guidance of the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government, approved by the county (city, district) people’s government and reported to the transportation department of the city (state) people’s government for the record.

Eleventh highway construction land planning should conform to the national spatial planning, the construction land should be included in the annual construction land plan, and the use should be controlled according to law.

Article 12 Where the preparation of plans for cities, villages and towns or the examination and approval of land for construction involves the area adjacent to the outer edge of the boundary of the highway construction control area, the opinions of the transportation authorities shall be sought, and the control distance between buildings, ground structures and highways shall be indicated according to law.

Planning and construction of railway, water conservancy and other projects and various pipeline facilities, which really need to cross or parallel with highways or their facilities, shall solicit the opinions of the competent department of transportation, and meet the technical standards, safety standards and other requirements of highway engineering.

When the normal use of railway, water conservancy and other projects and various pipeline facilities is affected by highway construction, the highway construction unit shall obtain the consent of the relevant departments in advance and take safety protection measures to avoid affecting the operation safety.

Chapter III Highway Construction

Thirteenth highway construction should strictly implement the basic construction procedures and land management, bidding, project quality supervision, product quality, safety in production, ecological environment protection, circular economy development, cultural relics protection and other relevant laws and regulations.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall maintain the order of highway construction, establish and improve the supervision and management system of highway construction quality and safety, and strengthen the all-round supervision and management of highway construction quality and safety.

Article 14 The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their affiliated institutions may entrust professional institutions to provide technical services for the supervision and management of highway construction in accordance with the provisions by means of government purchasing services.

Fifteenth highway construction project declaration, project feasibility study, preliminary design, construction drawing design review, approval and construction permit in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province.

Rural roads with technical grade III and IV can be directly designed for construction drawing. The preliminary design and construction drawing design of rural highway construction projects with complex technology can be submitted to the competent department of transportation at the next higher level for approval.

Sixteenth highway construction and maintenance funds should be raised through multiple channels and ways, and strengthen management, earmarking. Finance, auditing, transportation and other relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and management of highway construction and maintenance funds.

Seventeenth people’s governments at all levels should establish a fund-raising mechanism for rural highway construction, maintenance and management, with government investment as the main part, supplemented by multi-channel financing, and encouraging all sectors of society to participate in accordance with the law.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, make overall arrangements for funds to support the construction and maintenance of rural roads.

Eighteenth new construction, renovation and expansion of national and provincial roads shall conform to the technical standards prescribed by the state; County roads and township roads shall be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade III highways, but if the road sections of township roads cannot meet the technical standards of Grade III highways due to limited topographic and geological conditions, they may be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade IV highways; Village roads should be built in accordance with the technical standards of not less than Grade IV highways. The original highway that does not meet the minimum technical grade requirements shall take measures to gradually transform it into a highway that meets the technical grade requirements.

Nineteenth new construction, renovation and expansion of highways should be in accordance with the relevant technical standards, overall planning and construction of highway traffic safety, electromechanical, highway service management facilities and other ancillary facilities that need to be built, and the required funds should be included in the construction project budget.

The ancillary facilities of the highway mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be designed, constructed, accepted and put into use simultaneously with the main project of the highway construction project.

Article 20 Highway construction shall conform to the technical standards of highway planning and highway construction projects, abide by the basic construction procedures stipulated by the state, and implement the system of project legal person responsibility, bidding system, project supervision system and contract management system.

Highway construction projects implement the lifelong quality responsibility system, and units engaged in highway construction, survey and design, construction and supervision shall establish and improve the quality and safety assurance system in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, implement the post responsibility system, and carry out work in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and technical standards for highway construction projects and contractual agreements to ensure the quality and safety of highway projects.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws, regulations and mandatory standards concerning the quality and safety of highway projects.

Twenty-first highway construction site signs management. The signboard shall indicate the operation content of the project, the name of the project legal person, survey and design, construction and supervision unit and the name of the main person in charge, and accept social supervision.

Twenty-second construction units shall be fully responsible for the quality and safety of highway construction projects, and perform the following obligations:

(a) to establish and improve the project quality and safety management system;

(two) the establishment of a special project quality and safety management institutions;

(three) to review the conditions for safe production on the construction site;

(four) to organize the investigation of hidden dangers of quality and safety, and to timely rectify the found engineering quality problems and safety problems;

(5) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Twenty-third survey and design units shall conduct survey and design in accordance with technical standards and specifications for highway construction, and be responsible for survey results and design documents.

Investigation units shall conduct on-the-spot investigation and measurement in accordance with the technical standards and specifications of highway construction projects, and carry out investigations on hydrology, geology, climate and underground pipe networks. In case of adverse environment such as unfavorable geology, special rock and soil, harmful gas or other situations that may cause hidden dangers of engineering quality and safety, prevention suggestions shall be put forward, and experts shall be organized to demonstrate when necessary.

The design unit shall, in the early stage of design, carry out safety risk assessment on highway construction projects with complex construction conditions, great technical difficulty and great danger, compile safety risk assessment reports, put forward countermeasures, and indicate the adverse geology, key parts and links of the project and new technologies, new materials, new processes and new products adopted in the design documents, and put forward corresponding measures and suggestions to ensure the quality and safety of the project.

Twenty-fourth construction units shall, in accordance with the design documents, construction specifications and other provisions or requirements, formulate the construction organization design and special construction plan, and be responsible for the construction quality and safety of highway construction projects. Highway construction projects with complex construction conditions, great technical difficulties and great risks such as bridges, tunnels and high slopes shall be assessed for safety risks, and safety risk assessment reports shall be compiled, and countermeasures shall be put forward, which shall be reviewed by the supervision unit and approved by the construction unit.

The construction unit shall record the construction process by means of information technology such as video monitoring for key parts of concealed works and bridges and tunnels with complicated structures, as well as densely populated areas such as mixing stations, steel processing plants and beam slab prefabrication plants.

Twenty-fifth supervision units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the supervision contract, fully equip personnel and equipment, set up corresponding on-site supervision institutions, establish supervision systems, carry out supervision work fairly, independently and independently, and assume supervision responsibilities for construction quality and safety production during construction.

Supervision units shall, in accordance with laws and regulations, mandatory standards for engineering construction, design documents and engineering supervision contracts, take the form of patrol, on-site inspection and parallel inspection, supervise the implementation of construction organization design and special construction scheme, and focus on the supervision of key parts, links and procedures; If quality and safety problems or hidden dangers of accidents are found, the construction unit shall be urged to rectify in time, and if necessary, the instruction to suspend construction shall be issued, and the construction unit and traffic engineering quality and safety supervision institution shall be reported in time.

Supervisors shall not practice in more than two supervision contract sections at the same time.

Twenty-sixth test units shall conduct inspection and testing in accordance with laws and regulations and relevant technical standards and regulations.

The testing unit shall not accept the entrustment of construction, project supervision and construction at the same time in the same contract section of the project; Employees of test and testing units shall not practice in more than two test and testing units at the same time; The test items and parameters carried out by the test and testing unit shall not exceed the scope authorized by its grade certificate, and shall be responsible for the authenticity of the test data and test opinions.

Twenty-seventh after the completion of the highway construction project, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, organize the inspection of the quality of the project. Without quality inspection, or unqualified inspection, or not in accordance with the quality inspection and rectification opinions to complete the rectification, the construction unit shall not organize the completion acceptance.

The highway construction project can be put into trial operation only after it has passed the acceptance inspection and filed with the competent transportation department. After the trial operation expires, the construction unit shall apply to the competent department of transportation for completion acceptance. The competent department of transportation shall organize the quality appraisal of the project. If the quality appraisal is unqualified, it shall not organize the completion acceptance.

The completion and acceptance of rural highway construction projects with technical grade III and IV can be combined, but the corresponding quality defect liability period and quality warranty period system should be implemented.

Twenty-eighth highway construction projects to implement the quality warranty system. The construction unit and the construction unit shall specify the warranty scope, warranty period and warranty responsibility of the project in the construction contract.

Article 29 Highway construction units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the state and this province on file management, timely collect and sort out the documents of all links of highway construction projects, establish and improve the archives of highway construction projects, and timely hand over the archives of construction projects to the archives management department and other relevant departments after the completion and acceptance of highway construction projects.

Thirtieth new highway projects across administrative regions in this province, the people’s governments at or above the county level in the adjacent administrative regions shall reach an agreement through consultation, and implement them in accordance with the principle of unified standards and synchronous construction, so as to promote the coordinated development of highway construction in different regions. When necessary, the people’s government at the next higher level shall coordinate and solve the problem.

Chapter IV Highway Maintenance

Article 31 Highway maintenance shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations, technical standards, technical specifications and operating procedures for highway maintenance, and keep the highway in good technical condition.

Article 32 Highway maintenance duties shall be performed according to the following division of labor:

(a) the government toll roads shall be responsible for the maintenance institutions determined by the transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level;

(two) non toll national highway by the provincial people’s government department in charge of transportation highway maintenance agencies responsible for;

(3) Non-toll provincial roads shall be the responsibility of the maintenance institutions under the transportation departments of the people’s governments of provinces and cities (prefectures) in accordance with the relevant provisions;

(four) the county road is responsible for the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government or other maintenance units determined by the people’s government at the county level;

(five) the township (town) people’s government is responsible for township roads and village roads;

(six) the operating toll road is responsible for the highway management unit.

The main body of highway maintenance listed in the preceding paragraph shall carry out daily maintenance inspections and make inspection records; If it is found that roads and their ancillary facilities are damaged or have potential safety hazards, warning signs and safety protection facilities should be set up immediately, and emergency repairs should be organized in time or measures should be taken to eliminate potential safety hazards.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the guidance, inspection and supervision of highway maintenance.

Thirty-third highway maintenance costs shall be borne and guaranteed in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) government toll roads are charged from the toll revenue;

(two) the toll-free national highway shall be undertaken and guaranteed by the provincial people’s government in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province;

(3) Non-toll provincial roads shall be undertaken and guaranteed by the provincial, municipal (state) people’s governments in accordance with relevant regulations;

(four) operating toll roads shall be borne and guaranteed by highway management units.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall timely and fully allocate the highway maintenance costs borne by them.

Thirty-fourth highway maintenance institutions and highway management units shall organize the preparation of highway maintenance plans according to the requirements of highway grade, mileage, technical condition, traffic volume, maintenance budget quota and maintenance norms.

Highway maintenance institutions and highway management units shall, before implementing highway maintenance operations, formulate highway maintenance operation plans and simultaneously formulate corresponding traffic organization plans. The preparation of the maintenance operation plan and traffic organization plan shall avoid or reduce the construction of closed lanes during the peak traffic hours; If it is really necessary to occupy the road or vehicles need to bypass because of the occupation of the road, it shall solicit the opinions of the traffic management department and the transportation department of the public security organ in advance and make an announcement in accordance with the regulations; If the maintenance operation affects traffic safety, the operating unit shall take effective safety protection measures and cooperate with the traffic management department of the public security organ to maintain road traffic order.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of highway maintenance plans and highway maintenance operation plans.

Thirty-fifth transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall promote the marketization of highway maintenance.

Highway maintenance projects that should be subject to bidding according to law shall be subject to bidding according to legal procedures, and maintenance operation units with corresponding technical capabilities and qualifications shall be selected, and written highway maintenance contracts shall be signed. Highway collapse, uplift, damage and other serious impact on traffic safety and the need for emergency maintenance, you can directly entrust a maintenance operation unit with corresponding capabilities to implement emergency maintenance.

Article 36 The township (town) people’s government may, in combination with the actual situation of the minimum living guarantee in rural areas and the purchase of public welfare posts by the government, establish a relatively stable mass maintenance organization or adopt individual and family sub-contract methods to carry out daily maintenance of township roads and village roads.

The township (town) people’s government shall sign a written rural highway maintenance contract with the maintenance unit or individual to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.

Article 37 If the original highway function or position in the road network of some sections of a highway changes, the handover procedures shall be handled in accordance with the existing functions and relevant regulations. The receiving unit shall perform highway maintenance and other related duties from the date of handling the handover procedures.

Chapter V Highway Utilization and Management

Article 38 People’s governments at all levels shall take measures to strengthen the protection, utilization and management of highways.

The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions shall perform their duties according to law, do a good job in highway protection, utilization and management, improve highway service facilities, improve the level of highway service, utilization and management, and ensure the integrity, safety and smoothness of highways.

All units and individuals have the obligation to protect highway property, maintain highway traffic order, obey management and command, and not interfere with the safe and smooth operation of highways, and also enjoy the right of way and other legal rights to use highways according to law.

Article 39 People’s governments at or above the county level and their transportation and other relevant departments shall strengthen the service and management of highway resources utilization, take effective measures to solve the problems of idle, waste and inefficient utilization of highway resources, and promote the efficient and rational utilization of highway resources.

Article 40 The transportation departments and highway management units of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the needs of local economic and social development and serving people’s travel, scientifically and standardly set up entrances and exits, transform connecting lines, expand the space and functions of service areas, and comprehensively improve the radiation range and service capacity of highways.

Toll roads should adjust the toll standards according to the traffic volume and technical conditions of the roads, scientifically set speed limit signs, and improve the traffic efficiency of the road network.

Article 41 The people’s governments at or above the county level, their transportation departments and other relevant departments shall fully integrate and utilize all kinds of resources along highways and their borders, make overall plans, adjust measures to local conditions, establish and improve the coordination and linkage mechanism, encourage and guide relevant market entities to participate in an orderly manner, improve the value-added services of highway transportation, promote the deep integration of highways and related industries, and promote the healthy development of the economy of Luyan.

Article 42 The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall improve the highway logistics management system, enhance their service and supervision capabilities to the highway logistics market, optimize the highway logistics information service platform and its services, rationally allocate highway transportation resources, promote the combined transport of highway transportation and other modes of transportation, and reduce the empty driving rate of logistics transportation vehicles.

Forty-third people’s governments at or above the county level departments in charge of transportation, traffic management departments of public security organs and other relevant departments shall handle highway use permits according to law.

Except as otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, the licensing of highway utilization matters shall be handled in accordance with the following responsibilities and authorities:

(1) The application for trans-provincial transfinite transportation with the place of departure within the province shall be accepted and approved by the transportation department of the provincial people’s government, and the transportation department of the place of departure shall be responsible for the inspection and verification; Cross-city (state) and cross-county (city, district) applications for over-limit transportation shall be accepted and approved by the transportation department of the people’s government of the city (state); County (city, district) within the overrun transportation application by the county (city, district) people’s government department in charge of transportation acceptance and approval;

(two) highway construction permits, non highway signs permit, approved by the provincial people’s government department in charge of transportation;

(3) The road-related construction license and off-highway signboard license of ordinary national highways and provincial highways outside expressways shall be examined and approved by the transportation departments of the people’s governments of cities (states) and counties (cities, districts) according to their functions and powers;

(4) The permission for road-related construction of rural roads and the permission for off-road signs shall be examined and approved by the transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government.

If the licensing matters specified in the preceding paragraph affect traffic safety, the consent of the traffic management department of the public security organ shall also be obtained.

Forty-fourth the following vehicles passing on the highway shall be approved or approved by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments:

(a) vehicles that really need to exceed the load limit standard of highways or highway bridges;

(2) Vehicles carrying non-detachable articles, and the overall outline size or total mass of the goods exceeds the prescribed standards of load limit, height limit, width limit and length limit;

(3) Vehicles carrying inflammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive and other dangerous goods.

Article 45 The implementation of the following acts within the scope of highways and highway land shall be subject to the permission or approval of the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments:

(a) due to the construction of railways, airports, power supply, water conservancy, communications and other construction projects, it is necessary to occupy, dig roads, land for highways or change the route of highways;

(two) crossing the highway to build bridges, aqueducts or erect and bury pipelines, cables and other facilities;

(3) Erecting and burying pipelines, cables and other facilities within the scope of highway land use;

(four) the use of highway bridges, highway tunnels and culverts to lay cables and other facilities;

(5) Setting up off-highway signs within the scope of land used for highways or using facilities crossing highways;

(6) adding or reconstructing a level crossing on the highway;

(seven) update the cutting of road protection forest.

Forty-sixth vehicles that have been approved by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall carry license photos and relevant license documents with them, hang obvious signs on the vehicles, and drive safely according to the permitted time, route and speed.

In the highway, highway land use scope, highway construction control area, the implementation of construction operations and other acts that should be approved by the competent department of transportation and other relevant departments should be carried out in accordance with the approved plans, plans, construction drawings and regulatory requirements of the competent department of transportation and other relevant departments.

Article 47 The following acts are prohibited within highways and land used for highways:

(a) set up stalls, threshing floor drying grain, planting crops, stocking livestock, fair trade;

(2) Dumping, piling up, scattering and burning articles and garbage;

(3) Setting up buildings, structures or places on the ground, such as shacks, maintenance, car washing, water filling and refueling sites, and facilities unrelated to highway protection and management, such as poles and transformers;

(four) landfill, blocking, damage to the highway drainage system or using highway bridges and culverts, drainage ditches and other facilities to divert water for irrigation, discharge sewage, build dams to store water, and set gates;

(five) mining, quarrying, earth borrowing, sand digging and goaf operation;

(6) stacking articles and building facilities under highway bridges, highway tunnels and culverts, as well as laying high-voltage wires and pipelines conveying flammable, explosive or other toxic and harmful gases and liquids;

(seven) theft, removal, damage, alteration of highway signs, marking and measuring piles, boundary markers, guardrails, flowers and trees and other highway ancillary facilities;

(eight) other acts prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.

Forty-eighth people’s governments at or above the county level shall determine the scope of highway land according to the following standards:

(a) there are ditches on both sides of the highway (intercepting ditch at the top of the slope and slope protection road at the foot of the slope), and the land use scope is not less than one meter from the outer edge of the ditches;

(two) there are no ditches on both sides of the highway, and the land use scope is not less than one meter outside the slope toe of the embankment or slope protection road.

In conditional lots, the land use scope of expressways and first-class highways is not less than three meters; The scope of land for secondary roads is not less than two meters.

Article 49 When carrying out construction operations in areas near the outer edge of highway land, highway bridges, highway tunnels and highway ferries, or setting up places and facilities for producing, storing and selling inflammable, explosive, toxic and radioactive dangerous goods, the safety distance standard for highway protection stipulated by the state shall be observed, and the safety of highways and their facilities shall not be endangered.

Article 50 The scope of construction control areas of national highways, provincial highways, county roads, township roads and expressways shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. The range of the village road building control area shall be no less than three meters from the outer edge of the highway land.

New towns, development zones, factories, mines, residential quarters, schools, goods distribution centers, large commercial outlets, farmers’ markets and other public places, the distance between the outer edge of the land boundary and the outer edge of the highway construction control area, national highways and provincial highways is not less than 50 meters; County roads and township roads are not less than twenty meters; The village road is not less than ten meters, and should be built on one side of the highway as far as possible.

In addition to the needs of highway protection and maintenance, it is forbidden to build buildings and ground structures in the building control areas on both sides of the highway. If it is necessary to lay pipelines, cables and other construction operations in the building control area, it shall be approved in advance by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level.

Article 51 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall establish a unified supervision platform for highway over-limit transportation in the whole province, and realize the sharing of information such as freight source units, road freight transport operators, freight transport vehicles and drivers, contact information and over-limit licenses with the traffic management department of the public security organ.

The transportation authorities shall adjust and optimize the layout of over-limit detection sites of national highways, provincial highways and trunk highways in combination with the development and changes of the highway network, establish and improve the joint law enforcement mechanism with the traffic management department of the public security organ, strengthen on-site inspection of over-limit vehicles in accordance with the regulations, and take fixed detection, mobile detection, non-stop technical detection and other ways to carry out over-limit detection of cargo transport vehicles. The illegal and out-of-gauge transport vehicles found in the on-site inspection and detection shall be dealt with according to law by the competent department of transportation and the traffic management department of the public security organ in accordance with their respective responsibilities.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and management of highways, and the relevant measures for the management of highway overloading in this province shall be formulated by the provincial people’s government.

Article 52 Distribution centers and freight stations for coal, steel, cement, sand and gravel, ore and other goods, as well as other business units engaged in road freight transportation, loading and stowage (hereinafter referred to as freight source units), shall not illegally overload vehicles.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall announce the list of key freight source units to the society. The competent department of transportation shall establish the credit evaluation system of freight source units and the credit evaluation system of freight drivers, strengthen the supervision and management of freight source units and other loading sites, and perform supervision and management duties according to law by patrolling or sending law enforcement personnel.

The freight source unit shall install qualified weighing and measuring equipment, establish and improve the post responsibilities and accountability system for driving and releasing freight vehicles, and shall not release illegal, overloaded and overloaded freight vehicles from their business premises.

Road transport enterprises shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, strengthen the monitoring of the whole process of vehicle loading and operation, and prevent drivers from illegally overloading.

Article 53 The transportation department of the county (city, district) people’s government or the township (town) people’s government may, according to the needs of protecting rural roads, set up height-limiting and width-limiting facilities and safety warning signs at the entrances and exits of township roads and village roads or at important nodes according to law, but it shall not affect the emergency traffic needs such as fire fighting and health first aid, and shall not charge the passing vehicles.

Expressway management units shall, in accordance with the provisions, set up weighing detection facilities at the entrance of the expressway to carry out weighing detection on freight vehicles, and shall not allow illegal, overloaded and overloaded vehicles to enter the expressway. No unit or individual may intentionally block the highway overrun detection station, highway entrance detection lane and traffic lane.

Fixed overrun detection sites, highway entrances and exits and freight source weighing detection equipment shall be regularly verified by legal metrological verification institutions. Without verification or unqualified testing equipment, the test data shall not be used as the basis for determining the overload.

Article 54 Pedestrians, non-motor vehicles, tractors, wheeled special-purpose mechanical vehicles, full-trailer trucks and other vehicles with a designed maximum speed of less than 70 kilometers per hour are not allowed to enter the expressway.

Expressway shall indicate the driving speed of the lane, and the maximum speed shall not exceed 120 kilometers per hour and the minimum speed shall not be less than 60 kilometers per hour. The safety distance and speed limit requirements of motor vehicles driving on expressways shall comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations.

Fifty-fifth vehicles on the highway, not reversing, retrograde, not through the central isolation belt to turn around or turn, not to occupy the emergency lane. No unit or individual is allowed to stop and check the running vehicles on the expressway, except that the people’s police of public security organs perform emergency duties according to law.

When a motor vehicle breaks down on the expressway and needs to be stopped for troubleshooting, the driver should immediately turn on the danger warning flash and move the motor vehicle to a place that does not hinder traffic. If it is difficult to move, it should continue to turn on the danger warning flash, and set up a warning sign for the faulty car 150 meters away from the direction of the incoming car; At night and in rainy, snowy and foggy days, you should also abide by the provisions of laws and regulations, and turn on the position lights, taillights and rear fog lights at the same time. People on board should be quickly transferred to the right shoulder or emergency lane, and call the police quickly.

If a motor vehicle fails or has a traffic accident on the expressway and cannot run normally, it shall be towed and towed by a rescue vehicle and a wrecker.

Article 56 It is forbidden for vehicles to run when the transported goods touch the ground.

Effective protective or sealing measures shall be taken when vehicles transport articles that are easy to spill, drip, fly, scatter and pollute.

Vehicle drivers and passengers or other personnel who find obstacles affecting traffic safety on the highway shall promptly report to the competent department of transportation and its subordinate institutions and the traffic management department of the public security organ for handling.

Fifty-seventh highways and national highways shall not be used as motor vehicle driving training venues. Motor vehicle driving training on other highways shall comply with the provisions of the traffic management department of the public security organ on driving time and road sections, and ensure that it does not hinder the safe passage of other vehicles.

Article 58 People’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen their leadership over road traffic safety and road transport safety, establish and improve the work coordination mechanism, support and urge public security, transportation and emergency management departments to perform their duties of supervision and management of road traffic safety and road transport safety in accordance with laws and regulations and the provisions of the people’s government at the corresponding level, coordinate and solve major problems existing in supervision and management in a timely manner, and prevent and reduce the occurrence of potential accidents.

Where there are no provisions on road traffic safety and road transport safety in this Ordinance, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transport and the Regulations of Gansu Province on Road Traffic Safety.

Chapter VI Toll Roads

Fifty-ninth vehicles passing on expressways and other toll roads shall pay vehicle tolls in accordance with the provisions of the state and this province. Toll roads can implement differentiated charges according to different sections, time periods and models. The charging standards, approval procedures, charging period and supervision and management of vehicle tolls shall be implemented in accordance with laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of the state and this province.

It is forbidden to collect vehicle tolls on roads other than toll roads.

Article 60 The management unit of toll roads shall set up and open a sufficient number of toll crossings according to the traffic flow, take effective measures to ensure the rapid passage of vehicles, and shall not cause traffic jams at the toll crossings.

When a serious traffic accident or other emergency occurs on the toll road, the toll road management unit shall provide priority access facilities for vehicles that perform on-site disposal tasks such as ambulance, rescue and emergency rescue.

Sixty-first toll road management units and their staff shall not have the following acts in toll collection activities:

(a) unauthorized establishment of toll stations (cards), charging items, raising the charging standards, extending the charging period, expanding the charging scope and transferring the rights and interests of toll roads;

(two) collect or collect other fees in addition to vehicle tolls;

(3) Failing to issue bills or legal, effective and full bills for charges;

(four) illegal operation of the toll collection system or unauthorized reduction of vehicle tolls;

(five) making things difficult for drivers and blackmailers;

(six) AWOL, affecting the normal traffic of vehicles;

(seven) misappropriation, interception and occupation of vehicle tolls;

(eight) other acts in violation of the charging standards.

Sixty-second vehicle drivers or fellow passengers shall not have the following acts that hinder the order of charge management:

(1) Refusing to pay, evading paying or underpaying vehicle tolls;

(2) forcibly punching the card;

(three) deliberately blocking the toll crossing;

(4) Insulting, threatening or beating toll collectors;

(five) damage to the charging facilities and equipment, interfere with the normal operation of the charging system;

(six) shielding, changing the media or using forged media;

(seven) the use of forged or altered toll concession documents;

(eight) posing as a vehicle to enjoy the toll reduction policy;

(nine) other acts that hinder the order of highway toll management.

Sixty-third toll road toll stations should set up a certain number of non-stop electronic toll lanes according to the needs of vehicle traffic.

Toll roads shall be subject to online toll collection, unified sorting and settlement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this province, and the sorting and settlement business shall be uniformly organized and implemented by the provincial toll road online settlement management institution.

Article 64 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall strengthen the dispatching, command, management and supervision of the toll road wrecker rescue work, clarify the dispatching and command institutions, and regularly announce to the public the wrecker rescue service institutions listed in the list.

Highway wrecker rescue service fee shall be determined by the competent price department of the provincial people’s government and announced to the public.

Sixty-fifth toll road management units shall timely collect, summarize and master the traffic flow, road conditions, construction operations, meteorology and other relevant information within the jurisdiction, and release it to the public in a timely manner in accordance with regulations.

In case of road damage, construction or traffic accidents that affect the normal and safe driving of vehicles, the toll road management unit shall set up safety protection facilities at the scene, and make speed limit and warning tips at the entrance and exit of the toll road, or make an announcement by using facilities such as variable information boards along the toll road; When causing traffic jams, it shall promptly report to the relevant departments and assist in diverting traffic.

In case of serious highway damage, bad weather conditions or major traffic accidents that seriously affect the safe passage of vehicles, the public security organ shall, according to the situation, take traffic control measures such as speed limit and road closure according to law. The toll road management unit shall actively cooperate with the public security organs to prompt the traffic control information to the passing vehicles in a timely manner.

Sixty-sixth provincial people’s government departments in charge of transportation should strengthen the supervision and management of the maintenance and operation of toll roads and the service quality of service areas.

Toll road service areas shall provide public welfare services such as free parking, rest, drinking water and going to the toilet, and business services such as refueling (gas), charging, catering, shopping and vehicle maintenance. Encourage qualified service areas to expand diversified service formats, equipped with medical first aid kits, and provide convenient and economical rest places for drivers. The service area shall plan, construct or delimit the parking area for dangerous chemicals transport vehicles.

The toll road service area shall not be closed without authorization. If it is really necessary to close down, it shall report to the transportation department of the provincial people’s government and make an announcement to the public in time.

Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

Article 67 The transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level, the traffic management department of the public security organ and other relevant departments shall establish and improve the working mechanism of highway management, such as collaborative management, joint law enforcement, information sharing, data exchange and information reporting, so as to continuously improve the quality and efficiency of highway management.

Article 68 The transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions shall perform the following highway management duties according to law:

(a) publicity and implementation of highway laws and regulations;

(two) to protect the road property and safeguard the road rights;

(three) to supervise and manage the quality and safety of highway construction projects;

(four) the management of highway land and highway construction control area;

(five) to maintain the order of highway maintenance operations and toll collection site;

(six) the implementation of highway management under construction;

(seven) the implementation of highway inspections, supervision and management of highway conditions and service activities in service areas;

(eight) to investigate and deal with illegal acts of highways according to law;

(9) Other duties as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

Article 69 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen highway patrol inspection, investigate and deal with illegal acts of road traffic safety according to law, deal with traffic accidents in time, divert traffic and maintain good road traffic order.

The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of traffic safety on the construction site such as highway maintenance, and timely handle unexpected situations such as traffic congestion.

If a traffic accident causes damage to highways and ancillary facilities of highways, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall promptly notify the competent department of transportation and the toll road management unit to be present for investigation and handling.

Article 70 The people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) shall earnestly perform the main responsibilities of rural highway management within their respective administrative areas, organize the people’s governments of townships (towns) and relevant departments to do a good job in rural highway work, speed up the construction of rural highways, establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for raising funds for rural highway construction and maintenance, and fully implement the three-level road length responsibility system for rural highways.

Seventy-first toll road management units shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, carry out standardized management and civilized operation, ensure that roads are in good technical condition, maintain complete functions of service facilities, complete facilities, cleanliness and hygiene, and good order, and provide quality services for passing vehicles and personnel.

Article 72 When carrying out highway inspection and supervision according to law, the transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and their subordinate institutions have the right to know the information related to the inspection and supervision matters from units and individuals, consult and copy the information related to the inspection and supervision matters, and have the right to inspect and stop all kinds of illegal acts such as occupying and damaging highways, land used for highways and ancillary facilities for highways.

Article 73 The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall improve the standard of credit construction system, strengthen the platform support and information application services of the credit system, guide the industry to carry out joint credit rewards and punishments according to law, and comprehensively improve the industry’s integrity awareness and credit level.

Seventy-fourth transportation departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this province, do a good job in the operation and management of road network monitoring, dispatching, emergency response and travel services.

The transportation department of the provincial people’s government shall strengthen the operation and management of the province’s road network, establish a road network information sharing system with neighboring provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, and use information and intelligent technical means to improve the overall operation efficiency and service level of the road network.

Article 75 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the unified organization and leadership of highway emergencies within their respective administrative areas, incorporate highway emergencies into the emergency management system, establish and improve the emergency material reserve guarantee system for highway emergencies, and ensure that the needs of emergency handling can be met when highway emergencies occur. After the occurrence of highway emergencies, emergency response should be organized immediately.

The transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall prepare the emergency plan for highway emergencies in accordance with the relevant provisions. Highway management agencies and toll road management units shall, according to the emergency plan for highway emergencies, formulate special emergency plans or on-site emergency response plans for highway emergencies, set up emergency teams, reserve emergency materials, and improve emergency response capabilities.

Highway management agencies and toll road management units shall regularly inspect and monitor highways and highway ancillary facilities, investigate, register and assess the hidden dangers that may cause highway emergencies, and promptly eliminate potential safety hazards or take safety precautions.

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

Seventy-sixth people’s governments at or above the county level departments in charge of transportation, highway management agencies and other staff who perform highway protection and management duties have one of the following acts, and shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(a) failing to perform the duties of highway engineering quality and safety supervision according to law;

(two) did not take timely measures to deal with road collapse, potholes, uplift and other damage;

(three) failing to deal with highway emergencies in a timely manner according to law;

(four) interception, misappropriation or misappropriation of special funds for highways;

(five) to release the overloaded transport vehicles that have not eliminated the illegal state;

(6) Failing to investigate and punish according to law after discovering illegal acts or receiving complaints and reports on illegal acts;

(seven) other dereliction of duty, breach of privilege, favoritism.

Article 77 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 52 of these regulations, the freight source unit releases illegal, overloaded and overloaded freight vehicles out of its business premises, the competent department of transportation shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 3,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

Article 78 Where an expressway operation and management unit, in violation of the provisions of Article 53 of these regulations, releases illegal, over-limit and overloaded vehicles into the expressway at the entrance, the transportation authorities shall confiscate all the tolls for the released vehicles and may impose a fine of 2,000 yuan per vehicle.

Seventy-ninth acts in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, laws and administrative regulations have been punished, in accordance with its provisions.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 80 The people’s governments at or above the county level may, in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations, formulate relevant administrative measures.

　　[Global Network Report] According to foreign media reports such as CNN and The Guardian, the British capital London held a large-scale demonstration in support of Palestine on Saturday (11th). According to the statistics of the London police, about 300,000 people participated in the protest March. The Guardian said that the parade coincided with the "Memorial Day", and the organizers said it might be one of the largest parades in British history. It is worth noting that on the 11th, many places around the world, including Barcelona, Paris and Ankara, held rallies on the same day to support the Palestinians and call for a ceasefire in Gaza.

On the 11th local time, a video screenshot of a large-scale protest March in support of Palestine broke out in London, England. Source: The Guardian.

　　According to CNN, on the 11th in London, protesters shouted "Liberation, Liberation of Palestine", "Cease fire immediately" and "From rivers to oceans, Palestine will be free!" Slogans, such as protests. The Guardian said that the London police said that 126 people have been arrested in the protests on the 11th.

　　On the 11 th local time, people participated in supporting the Palestinian March in London. Source: Foreign media

Regarding the scale of the protest in London, the Guardian specifically stated that British Cabinet Minister Michael Gove was once "besieged" by pro-Palestinian protesters at Victoria Station in London that day. In addition, in another video, when Goff was walking on the streets of London, protesters shouted "Shame on you" after him.

On the 11 th local time, at Victoria Station in London, British Cabinet Minister Michael Gove was escorted by protesters. Source: The Guardian.　　

According to the Guardian, the protest March in London also alarmed British Prime Minister Sunak. Later on 11th, Sunak condemned the violence in the procession, criticized "pro-Hamas people" and those who sang anti-Semitic slogans, and added that "all criminal acts must be comprehensively and quickly cracked down by law".

　　The Guardian also mentioned that on the same day that large-scale pro-Palestinian activities broke out in London, pro-Palestinian rallies were held in many places around the world on the 11th to protest against Israeli attacks on Gaza and call for a ceasefire, including Barcelona, Paris, Berlin, Ankara, and Sydney, Australia.

On the 11 th local time, people participated in a demonstration in support of Palestine in Barcelona, Spain. Source: Guardian

On the 11 th, local time, people participated in a demonstration in support of Palestine in Paris, France. Source: Guardian

On the 11 th local time, people participated in a demonstration in support of Palestine in Ankara, Turkey. Source: Guardian

On the 11 th local time, people participated in a demonstration in support of Palestine in Berlin, Germany. Source: Guardian　　

A new round of Palestinian-Israeli conflict continues. According to media reports, on November 11, local time, this round of conflict entered the 36th day, and more than 12,400 people were killed in both Palestine and Israel. Among them, more than 11,000 Palestinians died, while Israel revised the death toll from about 1,400 to about 1,200. On the 11th, the Israeli military continued to carry out air strikes and ground operations in the Gaza Strip, claiming that the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) lost control of the northern Gaza Strip. The Kasang Brigade, an armed faction under Hamas, said that it continued to exchange fire with the Israeli army that day and destroyed several Israeli targets.

At about 18: 30 on the 20th, an explosion occurred near the exit of Beijing Capital International Airport. A man detonated the black powder that made firecrackers, injuring himself, and no other people were injured. The incident is under further investigation.

According to sources, the explosion in T3 Terminal of Capital Airport originated from the explosion of electric wheelchair when passengers entered the port. Witnesses said that a disabled person ignited the bomb he was carrying.

Weibo, the official news agency of CCTV, announced that at 18: 25 today, an explosion occurred 10 meters outside the international arrival exit on the second floor of Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital Airport. A man detonated the black powder for making firecrackers and injured himself. He has been sent to hospital. After the incident, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Airport Branch quickly rushed to the scene for disposal.

An explosion occurred at Beijing Capital Airport. The picture shows the medical staff and other relevant personnel at the scene.

The staff of the Capital Airport revealed that the man was blocked from distributing leaflets at the scene because of his opinions, and then he detonated his hand-held homemade bomb, and smoke billowed after the loud noise.

The reporter learned from the Beijing police that the man’s name was Ji Zhongxing, born in Heze, Shandong Province in 1979. At that time, he detonated the black powder for making firecrackers. At present, no other personnel have been injured, the take-off and landing of airport flights have not been affected, and order has returned to normal.

According to netizen @mild_luna: A minute ago, a man arrived at the T3B entrance of the airport and exploded in front of my eyes with a bomb. He shouted at the exit with a bomb for a long time, but no one paid attention to it until the white plastic wrapped around the bomb was opened and people around him realized that something was wrong. The security guard rushed over and said that the bomb exploded in less than two sentences.

The reporter learned from the inside that the man was injured and there were no other casualties. The airport transportation control center started the plan for the threat of explosives to airport facilities, and all rescue units have disposed of it at the scene.

Beijing Capital International Airport was rewarded. It is understood that the man who caused the explosion was Ji Zhongxing, born in Heze, Shandong Province in 1979. At that time, he detonated the black powder for making firecrackers.

Beijing Capital Airport Explosion Site

Beijing Capital Airport Explosion Site

　　The destocking of channels dragged down the performance of Dong ‘e Ejiao, and how did the inventory of channels accumulate?

　　The performance of Dong ‘e Ejiao (000423.SZ) in the interim report dropped by nearly 80%, which made the capital market unexpected. After a word limit on July 15 and a 5.59% drop on July 16, the stock price once fell more than 2% in intraday trading this morning (July 17). Dong ‘e Ejiao, which has long been advertised by the market as one of the white horse stocks, why did it develop so far?

　　The First Financial Reporter noticed that Dong ‘e Ejiao responded to the challenges faced by the company in the newly disclosed record of investor relations activities on the interactive platform of Shenzhen Stock Exchange. "The channel originally relied on hoarding goods to make profits. All channel providers are profitable when we raise prices, because the shelf life of Ejiao is 5 years. If dealers hoard goods, the difference will be relatively large. Now the channel has changed, from relying on stocking to relying on turnover rate. We have adjusted the inventory reduction in line with the channel changes, which has brought short-term fluctuations in sales performance and is also the main reason for this decline in performance. " Dong’ e Ejiao said this.

　　Dong ‘e Ejiao’s interim report performance forecast shows that the company expects the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies to decrease by 75% to 79% in the first half of this year compared with the same period of last year. This decline will be the largest in the interim report since the company went public in 1996. In the notice, the company said that due to the overall macro-environment and other factors, and the market’s expectation of the return of Ejiao value gradually decreased, the company’s downstream traditional customers took the initiative to reduce inventory, resulting in a year-on-year decline in product sales in the first half of the year.

　　Recently, the first financial reporter also learned in the interview that the channel is keen on hoarding goods, which is also inseparable from the frequent price increase of Dong ‘e Ejiao. Frequent price increases have become a lingering brand left by Dong ‘e Ejiao.

　　According to the First Financial Reporter, during the nine years from 2010 to 2018, Dong ‘e Ejiao raised the ex-factory price of Ejiao, the company’s main product, for a total of 11 times. Among them, in 2010 and 2014, the company raised the price three times in one year. Since 2015, the frequency of the company’s price increase has slowed down to once a year, and it is concentrated in November of that year, which is just the peak season for Ejiao sales.

　　Some people in the industry also told the First Financial Reporter that the price increase rhythm like Dong ‘e Ejiao has given the channel expectations over time. Therefore, whenever it is premonition that manufacturers are going to raise prices, the channel will stock up in advance. In view of Dong ‘e Ejiao’s own brand effect, the channel also believes that the company’s products are not worried about selling.

　　Now, looking back, the frequent price increase of Dong ‘e Ejiao has many disadvantages. Here, how does Dong ‘e Ejiao reverse the situation?

　　"In recent years, the company’s brand, quality and scientific research have gradually strengthened, and the pure sales of terminals are growing, and the growth rate exceeds the market average. The main problem now is that we take the initiative to reduce inventory. In the future, we will launch pulling measures around consumers, and this year’s strategy will be adjusted accordingly. " Dong ‘e Ejiao mentioned in the above-mentioned investor relations activity record.

　　Dong ‘e Ejiao said that in combination with the changes in the external environment and the trend of channel customers to improve efficiency and reduce costs, since last year, the company has started from the needs of channel customers and its own development needs, reduced inventory and returned to benign, canceled some secondary commercial customers, flattened channels, and strengthened channel layout in pharmaceutical commerce and retail chain. In terms of traditional channels, in the past, the company’s key channels were retail pharmacies, including customers with leading positions in the industry, such as ordinary people, Yifeng and Guoda Pharmacy. Last year, on the basis of the original, the company began to strengthen cooperation with regional leading chains and top 100 chains. This year, it laid out the market development of thousands of counties and expanded to the grassroots market. At the same time, we are also developing channels for medical terminals, including grade hospitals and primary hospitals.

　　How will the stock price go?

　　The First Financial Reporter also noticed that Dong ‘e Ejiao’s record of investor relations activities was mainly based on the investigation of institutional investors such as CICC on July 15th.

　　It is worth mentioning that on July 16, CICC also published a research report on "Dong ‘e Ejiao promotes channel sorting throughout the year and short-term performance is under pressure". In this research report, CICC downgraded Dong ‘e Ejiao to "neutral" and lowered its target price by 32.4% to 33.8 yuan. CICC said that the expected price increase of Dong ‘e Ejiao was reduced, and the pressure on channel inventory began to be released. The value regression strategy of Dong ‘e Ejiao’s core products has been going on for many years, and the channel has formed a certain inertia of stocking. However, at present, with the decrease of the company’s price increase expectation, the channel’s willingness to stock has declined, and the inventory pressure has begun to be released.

　　"The market believes that the company’s long-term strategy is unclear, but we believe that the company has brand potential and is expected to achieve benign development through the development of new products, new channels and new people in the future. However, at present, the company is facing the dilemma of actively adjusting channels, and its operating income and adjustment time are still unpredictable. " CICC also said so.

　　Looking back at the trend of Dong ‘e Ejiao’s share price, during the past thirteen years from November 2005 to June 2017, the company’s share price has increased more than 10 times after its restoration. It is precisely because of Dong ‘e Ejiao’s stable share price and stable performance that the organization is keen on heavy positions. According to the straight flush data, as of the end of the first quarter of this year, among Dong ‘e Ejiao’s shareholders, the total institutional shareholding ratio is still as high as 51.03%.

　　Nowadays, under the slump in performance, how will Dong ‘e Ejiao’s share price be interpreted?

　　After Dong ‘e Ejiao’s share price fell to the limit on July 15th, from the list of trading companies’ stocks on that day, we can see that there are no institutions in the top five with the largest selling amount. On the contrary, among the top five with the largest purchase amount, one institution-specific seat appeared, and the purchase amount of that day was 3,623,500 yuan.

　　Some private investors also told the first financial reporter that the company is in a period of gradual release of bad news and the stock price needs to be repaired. On the whole, Dong ‘e Ejiao products still have brand value and vitality, but the driving force for the subsequent company’s rise depends on the performance of new products and the promotion of new channels.

　　 　Paying attention to and strengthening propaganda and ideological and cultural work is a fine tradition and outstanding advantage of our party. The national conference on propaganda and ideological and cultural work held a few days ago conveyed the important instructions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on propaganda and ideological and cultural work. The most important achievement of this meeting is to formally put forward and systematically expound the cultural thought of the supreme leader, which provides a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for doing a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey and shouldering a new cultural mission, and is of milestone significance in the development history of the party’s propaganda and ideological and cultural undertakings. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the propaganda of ideological and cultural work is an extremely important work, which is related to the future and destiny of the party, the long-term stability of the country and the national cohesion and centripetal force". In the new era and new journey, we must profoundly grasp the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work, constantly create a new situation in propaganda and ideological and cultural work, and fully display new achievements in propaganda and ideological and cultural work.

　　 　Emphasizing the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work embodies a profound grasp of the law of Marxist party building. The key to China’s success lies in the Party. As a Marxist political party that has been in power for more than 70 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have never stopped exploring the laws governing the construction of Marxist political parties, and put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies around the major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the party and the country. Whether the ruling foundation of a ruling party is stable depends on whether it can gain the recognition and support of the groups it represents. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people deeply realize that Marxist political parties are different from all other political parties in human history, and they represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. To achieve long-term governance, one of the necessary conditions is to win the support and support of the overwhelming majority of the people to the greatest extent. Propaganda and ideological and cultural work, as a political work, is essentially the work of doing people’s hearts. At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, and is undergoing great adjustment, division and reorganization. All kinds of hostile forces have never stopped implementing the strategy of westernization and division to China, competing with us for ideological positions in an attempt to shake the ruling foundation and mass foundation of the party. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core stands at the height of maintaining national harmony and stability and consolidating the foundation of social identity, and deeply analyzes the current risks and challenges in the field of propaganda, ideology and culture.The promotion of propaganda and ideological and cultural work to a height related to the party’s future and destiny and the stability of the party’s ruling foundation fully demonstrates our party’s in-depth thinking on the law of the construction of the Marxist ruling party, which means that the China-era Marxist theory of party building has reached a new height.

　　 　Emphasizing the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work is an incisive summary of the practice of propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the Communist Party of China (CPC) for a century. History and reality have repeatedly proved that propaganda and ideological and cultural work is a fundamental issue related to the development direction of a political party and a country. From the day it was founded, the Communist Party of China (CPC) took the propaganda and mobilization of the masses as its basic duty, and the glorious mission was to unite, unite and inspire the people to make unremitting efforts, unite all forces that can be United, mobilize all positive factors that can be mobilized, and maximize the strength of common struggle. In the course of our party’s magnificent development in the past century, the propaganda and ideological and cultural work is an important magic weapon for the party to lay a foundation for its career, create a glorious suffering and move from victory to victory. Summarizing the party’s experience in the practice of propaganda and ideological and cultural work for a hundred years, we are even more convinced that doing a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work is equivalent to mastering the people’s hearts, which is of great era value and practical significance for raising the flag, building consensus, building a strong country and national rejuvenation, and carrying forward the past and maintaining long-term stability. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed propaganda and ideological and cultural work in an important position in governing the country and made a series of major decisions and arrangements, and held two national propaganda and ideological work conferences in August 2013 and August 2018 respectively, and held a national propaganda and ideological and cultural work conference in October this year to systematically summarize the historical achievements and changes in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era.It further emphasizes the position, function, responsibility and mission of propaganda and ideological and cultural work, which provides strong guidance for us to do a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work.

　　 　Emphasizing the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work reflects the continuous improvement of our party’s understanding of the regularity of propaganda and ideological and cultural work. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must have theoretical thinking for a moment; Building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is inseparable from the guidance of scientific theory for a moment. Similarly, to promote the propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era to open up a new situation and show new achievements, we can’t stop the academic interpretation of the regularity of propaganda and ideological and cultural work for a moment. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the propaganda and ideological and cultural work, put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions around the propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era, profoundly answered major issues such as the duty, mission, objectives, tasks and principle requirements of the propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era, and demonstrated the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times. The proposal of the supreme leader’s cultural thought not only marks that our party’s understanding of the laws of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cultural construction has reached a new height, but also marks that our party’s understanding of the laws of propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era is more comprehensive, systematic, logical and practical. The supreme leader’s cultural thought profoundly answered the fundamental questions such as what flag to raise, what road to take, what principles to adhere to and what goals to achieve in China’s cultural construction in the new era, enriched and developed Marxist cultural theory, and provided a scientific action guide for doing a good job in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey and shouldering a new cultural mission.

　　 　Emphasizing the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work reflects the practical need to better undertake new cultural missions with firm cultural self-confidence. Culture makes the country prosperous and the nation strong. Without a high degree of cultural self-confidence and cultural prosperity, there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point, and it is also the target direction to show new achievements in propaganda and ideological and cultural work. At present, the great changes in the world that have never happened in a century have accelerated their evolution, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered a critical period. Our party needs a solid ideological foundation, strong spiritual strength and profound cultural self-confidence more than ever before. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people deeply realize that in order to stand tall among the nations in the world, it is necessary to fully stimulate the people’s self-confidence and sense of belonging to Chinese excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture through targeted, influential and effective propaganda and ideological and cultural work, so that the people can feel proud and recognized from the bottom of their hearts and better undertake the new cultural mission in the new era with high cultural self-confidence. With the establishment of cultural self-confidence, we can take the cultural mission more actively, consciously take the supreme leader’s new era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought as the guide, thoroughly study and implement the supreme leader’s cultural thought, firmly grasp the party’s leadership over ideological work, persist in keeping the right and bringing forth the new, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and adhere to the "two combinations"We will continue to consolidate the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation, shape a new cultural life, realize spiritual independence, constantly cultivate and create Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era, and accelerate the construction of a socialist cultural power 2.

　　 　Emphasizing the extreme importance of propaganda and ideological and cultural work embodies the requirements of the times to consolidate the common ideological foundation of the United struggle of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. A common ideological foundation is a prerequisite for effectively promoting the development of the cause, rooted in common interests, condensed in common goals, and strengthened in common struggle. To consolidate the common ideological foundation, we must realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, so that the achievements of Chinese modernization can benefit all the people more fairly and continuously realize the people’s yearning for a better life. Building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization can never be achieved easily. It requires both strong material and spiritual support. In particular, it is necessary to give full play to the important function of unifying thoughts and building consensus in propaganda and ideological and cultural work and continuously consolidate the common ideological foundation of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in promoting Chinese modernization. In the tide of the times, when the world changes rapidly in the past century and the international situation is surging, and under the realistic environment of the iterative updating of emerging technologies and the explosive growth of information thoughts, we must persist in arming the whole party and educating the people with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, constantly enhance the political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity and emotional identity of the broad masses of the people, focus on strengthening confidence, expand mainstream ideological public opinion, widely practice socialist core values, and build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leading force.Provide strong ideological guarantee, strong spiritual strength and favorable cultural conditions for building a socialist modern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.

　　 　(Author: Ming Haifeng, Liu Lijia, executive deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, associate researcher of Marxism College, teaching assistant of Marxism College of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Syria’ s chemical weapons doubts have resurfaced. Russian Defense Ministry spokesman Konashenkov said on the 11th that the Syrian Free Army, an anti-government armed group in Syria, and US special forces are preparing to "direct" chemical weapons attacks in eastern Syria, creating an excuse for western countries to use force against the Syrian government again.

American special forces (data map)

　　　　　　 Konashenkov said in the press release that the information obtained by the Russian military through three different channels showed that the "Free Syrian Army", with the assistance of the US special forces, had delivered a number of chlorine bottles to the town of Jefra in dayr az zawr in eastern Syria. Their plan was to prepare to release toxic chemicals to create trouble, and then shoot a short video, falsely claiming that "the Syrian government launched a chemical attack on civilians", and after being widely reported by the western media, it would launch a new round of air strikes against the Syrian government’s targets for the US-led anti-terrorist Coalition. Konashenkov warned that the Russian military would not allow such incidents to disrupt the Syrian situation. The "framed" routine mentioned by the Russian side has been tried and tested by the West.

　　　　　　 Since the turmoil in Syria, the United States has twice launched attacks on Syrian government targets on the grounds of the so-called "use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government". However, this so-called reason has been questioned by many parties. The truth is unknown, and the bomb will go first, which will only complicate the situation.

Image source network

　　　　　　 In the early morning of April 7, 2017, two US warships in the eastern Mediterranean launched 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles at the Shah Jirat military airport in Homs province in central Syria. According to President Trump, the reason for this attack is the "irrefutable" fact that the Syrian government used chemical weapons.

Tomahawk cruise missile (data map)

　　　　　　 The chemical weapons incident alleged by the US government occurred in Idlib province, Syria on the 4th of that month. The United States and other western countries and the Syrian opposition accused the Syrian Air Force of carrying out chemical weapons attacks, but the Syrian government and Russia denied this accusation, saying that the Syrian government forces hit the arsenal of extremist organizations with chemical weapons, which led to the leakage of toxic substances. The truth of this chemical weapons incident is still inconclusive.

　　　　　　 In the early morning of April 14th this year, Syria was attacked by more than 100 missiles from the United States, Britain and France, and the United States declared the operation "perfectly executed". This is the second time that the United States has opened fire on Syria. The reason is exactly the same as last time, in order to "revenge" the so-called "chemical weapons attack" carried out by the Syrian government on the opposition-controlled area.

　　　　　　 This chemical weapons incident refers to a suspected chemical weapons attack in the town of Duma, near Damascus, the capital of Syria, on April 7. The source of this news is the local anti-government armed forces and the "White Helmets" organization with suspicious background. The Syrian government firmly denied the accusation of using chemical weapons, saying that the news was "false news fabricated by the media supported by anti-government forces". On April 21 and 25, the OPCW investigation team entered the Duma twice to investigate the incident. At present, the investigation conclusion has not been announced.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 28 (Xinhua) Today, the 31st Summer Universiade in Chengdu will officially kick off. This is the third Universiade in Chinese mainland after 2001 and 2011, and the first comprehensive international sports event in western China.

　　As one of the largest and most prestigious sports feasts in the world, every Universiade will attract thousands of student athletes to participate in the competition. "Chengdu achieves dreams" is a sincere invitation from Chengdu to the world. From July 28th to August 8th, the Chengdu Universiade was full of wonderful performances.

　　The main stadium of Chengdu Universiade under the sunshine. Photo courtesy of Zhongjian Oriental Decoration 　

　　Aspect 1: The opening ceremony is simple and wonderful.

　　On the evening of 28th, the opening ceremony of Chengdu Universiade will be held in the main stadium of Donganhu Sports Park. It is reported that the opening ceremony follows the principle of "simplicity, safety and excitement". The scale of actors and volunteers is nearly 2,000, and the overall duration is less than 100 minutes, while the cultural performances are compressed to 15 minutes.

　　The theme of the opening ceremony also echoes the slogan of Chengdu Universiade, "Chengdu makes dreams come true". The 15-minute literary performance "Pursuing Dreams in Youth" consists of three paragraphs: Light of Youth, Vitality of Youth and Friendship of Youth, focusing on showing the good features of young people from the emotional and spiritual levels.

　　According to Chen Weiya, the general director, in order to present more wonderful things in a limited time, many creative ideas were also incorporated into the opening ceremony, making the necessary ceremony more memorable and artistic. The full use of high technology also enables more creativity to be realized in limited time and space, making the field full of artistic imagination and sense of space.

　　Aspect 2: Archery water polo takes the lead in starting the game.

　　On the day before the opening ceremony, archery and water polo took the lead. The China college archery team played in the recurve bow competition, which was the first appearance of the China delegation at the Chengdu Universiade.

　　Image source: official website, Chengdu Universiade

　　After a day of competition, in the men’s recurve bow team competition, China stopped in the quarter-elimination. The women’s team defeated Poland and India successively, and advanced to the women’s recurve bow team final.

　　The water polo competition is the first water event to start this Universiade. On the afternoon of 27th, the China men’s team played its first opponent, the Georgian team, in the water polo group match, and finally lost to the opponent at 7:13, which missed a good start.

　　Aspect 3: China athletes hit the first gold medal of the Universiade

　　The first gold medal of this Universiade will be produced in the martial arts event on the 29th. On the morning of 29th, the men’s Nanquan competition started first, and Sichuan athlete Cao Maoyuan played on behalf of the China team.

　　It is reported that Cao Maoyuan began to learn martial arts at the age of 5 and has been insisting on it for more than 20 years. Currently studying in Chengdu Institute of Physical Education, he has participated in many competitions and won national, provincial and municipal championships.

　　In order to prepare for the Universiade, Cao Maoyuan and his teammates conducted 28 days of closed training before the game. In an interview with the media before, he said that he hoped to get the gold medal at home.

　　The mascot of the Universiade "Rongbao" is hand-made. China News Service reporter Yang Kejia photo

　　Aspect 4: Rookie veterans gather in Chengdu

　　The Universiade has always been known as the "Little Olympics", and countless sports stars have started their legendary careers from here.

　　The China delegation of the Universiade consists of more than 700 people, among whom 411 athletes from more than 100 universities in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will compete in all 18 major events of the Universiade.

　　The average age of athletes is 22.9 years old. Among the 411 athletes, 387 participated in the Summer Universiade for the first time, 344 participated in the World Comprehensive Games for the first time on behalf of the country, and only 24 participated in the previous Universiade.

　　In other words, this Universiade, the China delegation will be led by newcomers. However, among the teenagers, there are also many familiar faces. For example, divers Zhang Jiaqi, swimmers Zhang Yufei and Qin Haiyang, and gymnasts Zou Jingyuan and Zhang Boheng will all appear on the stage of Chengdu Universiade.

　　Data Map: Zhang Yufei celebrated her victory after winning the World Championships. China News Service reporter Tang Yanjun photo

　　Tonight, the Chengdu Universiade will officially open, and the dreams of young athletes from all over the world will gather here. This summer, Chengdu achieved its dream.