Original Cell Press CellPress cell science

life sciences

Life science

Fibroblasts are diverse interstitial cells, which create signal niches by producing complex extracellular matrix and biophysical and biochemical clues, and participate in tissue balance and diseases. Fibroblasts have diverse lineages and a wide range of uses, but our understanding of these cells, which fill a considerable part of the human body, is still not comprehensive. Next, let’s understand the mysterious and fascinating fibroblasts from four aspects and embark on a human journey across time and space.

Definition of fibroblast

The term "fibroblast" refers to the following kinds of cells: (1) cells that secrete many macromolecules with the same structure and signal as the extracellular space of tissues; (2) Adopting the phenotype of myofibroblasts that contract instantaneously when dealing with tissue injury; (3) signal niche cells as resident stem cells; (4) As the progenitor cells of specialized differentiated interstitial cells, they are sometimes called mesenchymal stem cells (Lemos and Duffield, 2018; Pittenger et al. , 1999, 2019）。

Fibroblasts create and maintain anatomically diverse connective tissue rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) to support a wide range of basic organ functions, such as resisting blunt and sharp skin injuries, stretching and elastic retraction in the organ range of lung, etc. In addition to producing connective tissue, fibroblasts serve as the progenitor cells of specialized interstitial cell types during embryonic development, adult homeostasis, injury, repair and remodeling, such as osteoblasts forming bones or fat cells filled with lipids.

The origin and development of fibroblasts

In 1858, German pathologist Rudolf Virchow first described fibroblasts as a unique cell type, which he called "Spindelzellen des Bindegewebes"-"Spindle cells of connective tissue" (Virchow, 1858；; Fig. 2A). Ernst Ziegler first put forward the term "fibroblast" to describe cells that produce new connective tissue after healing (Ziegler, 1895；; Fig. 2B), this observation was replicated by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who observed that "célula fusiforme" or "fibro-células" are important producers of granulation tissue in skin wound healing and scar (Cajal, 1986；; Fig. 2C). The appearance of in vitro technology developed in the 1900 s promoted the research of fibroblasts. These methods allow primary fibroblasts from embryonic chicken heart explants to be cultured, and these cells can easily propagate before other cell types after passage (Burrows and Neymann, 1917; Carrel, 1912; Ebeling, 1913; Hogue, 1919； Fig. 2D). More than 50 years later, 3T3 fibroblast cell line from mouse embryo was established (Todaro and Green, 1963; Todaro and others,1964) further promoted our understanding of the biological and genealogical potential of fibroblasts. These findings include the identification of fibroblast growth factor (FGFS) (Gospodarovicz, 1974); Multi-line differentiation of cultured fibroblasts into bone, cartilage and fat cells (Junker et al., 2010); And the key role of fibroblasts in the production, remodeling and contraction of ECM.

Although there are a lot of studies on fibroblasts in vitro, the in vivo correlation of these cells is still unclear, and the real characteristics of fibroblasts and their pedigree potential in the in vivo primary environment have only recently been deeply explored. New evidence shows that fibroblasts have promoted major changes in the tumor-related environment, which has been widely reviewed elsewhere (Sahai et al., 2020).

Organ specificity of fibroblasts

The existence of tissue-specific fibroblast function and lineage can support the development, homeostasis and repair needs of specific organs. During embryonic development, multiple cell lines coalesce to form fibroblasts, which are filled with organs from all three somatic germ layers, such as skin and breast derived from ectoderm, skeletal muscle or myocardium derived from mesoderm, and lungs derived from endoderm. When fibroblasts proliferate in specific organs, they will produce unique microstructure, biophysical and biochemical components of connective tissue.

In organs rich in epithelial cells (for example, skin and lungs), fibroblasts in the skin produce a mechanically elastic, viscous and elastic structural foundation, which supports the epithelial cells of the outward layered epidermis and its many appendages, mainly hair follicles and sweat glands. Fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cell lines in the skin have established three anatomically different layers: papillary dermis, reticular dermis and dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) (Figure 5A). Skin epithelial cells are derived from ectoderm, which has a unique level of connectivetissue. In contrast, lung epithelium originated from endoderm, forming a highly branched tree and eventually forming an inflatable sac called alveoli. The gas exchange function of lung depends on the close physical connection between alveolar epithelium and extensive capillary network, and on the repeated and rapid expansion and contraction ability of lung. These functions require the reticular ECM of the lung, which has the best viscoelasticity, but is strong enough to withstand the change of air pressure and prevent alveolar rupture and potentially fatal air pressure trauma. With the maturity of the lung, the lung mesenchymal progenitor cells assume different spatial positions and functions, including smooth muscle cells around bronchi and blood vessels, pericytes, numerous interstitial fibroblasts, adipocytes supporting lung cells and mesothelial cells of visceral pleura (Peng et al., 2013; Fig. 5B).

In interstitial organs (such as skeletal muscle and heart), unlike skin and lung, skeletal muscle has no epithelial structure, but is composed of large, highly differentiated and multinucleated muscle fibers arranged in parallel, and its main function is to generate strength through contraction. The connective tissue in muscle has a complex layered tissue. Its innermost layer is called endocardium, which surrounds a single muscle fiber and contains a special basement membrane rich in laminin and collagen IV. Laminin acts through its transmembrane receptor, helping the mechanical force to be transmitted from the intracellular contraction device to the inner muscle layer rich in collagen I and III (Chapman et al., 2016). Muscle fiber group is called bundle, surrounded by perimuscular layer, which forms a continuum with tendon, and is rich in so-called perimuscular layer "cable", that is, thick connective tissue bundle mainly composed of closely arranged type I and type III collagen III fibers. Finally, the whole muscle is wrapped by the connective tissue layer of the adventitia (Chapman et al., 2016). Myocardium is an anatomically and physiologically complex contractile organ. Its main cell group, cardiomyocytes, are connected with each other, and an electrically coupled tissue is formed through the sandwich disc that constitutes its middle layer, which is called myocardium. The heart is also rich in fibroblasts, which produce and reshape a powerful ECM network, which is very important for conductivity and heartbeat rhythm. In addition to myocardium, fibroblasts also exist in the outermost epicardium, which contains specialized adipose tissue, and the innermost endocardium, with a layer of endothelial cells at its edge.Unlike most other organs’ fibroblasts, which originated from mesenchymal progenitor cells through gradual standardization, most cardiac fibroblasts are formed through EMT, and fibroblasts located in interventricular septum and right ventricle are products of EndMT (Gittenberger-de Groot et al., 1998; Fig. 5D).

Application of fibroblasts in diseases

At present, the approved anti-fibrosis therapy is aimed at the activation of fibroblasts in established diseases and cannot restore the structure and function of diseased tissues. Therefore, developing strategies to promote the repair of damaged tissues will greatly promote the development of this field.

Although the plasticity of fibroblasts may be problematic in the context of fibrotic diseases, it also provides opportunities for regenerative intervention. Recently, this understanding has promoted the development of in-situ reprogramming into fibroblasts by molecular strategy to restore tissue anatomy and function (including direct reprogramming). In skin wounds, the innate ability of fibroblasts to support hair follicle regeneration can be induced by transcription reprogramming.

Examples have proved that the principle of therapeutic reprogramming of fibroblasts in vivo can be realized in liver and heart, such as transferring transcription factors such as Foxa3, Gata4, Hnf1a and Hnf4a to myofibroblasts in liver through viruses, reprogramming them into hepatocyte-like cells, and reducing the signs of liver fibrosis in mouse models (Rezvani et al., 2016; Song et al., 2016). The above examples clearly emphasize the therapeutic potential of reprogramming tissue-resident fibroblasts directly into "working" cells, and suggest it as a new scar replacement strategy. However, there are still several important problems to be solved, including the efficiency of reprogramming factor delivery using non-integrated vectors and high fibroblast specificity (if not exclusiveness), in order to transform this attractive method into safe clinical application.

Conclusion and prospect

In the past decades, our understanding of fibroblast biology under different organs and conditions has made remarkable progress. New methods and techniques have made this field develop from phenotypic study of cultured cells more than a century ago to complex genetic and functional observation in vivo. These advances reveal that fibroblasts from different organs (such as skin, lung, heart and skeletal muscle) have unexpected similarities and unique characteristics, so they are currently used to treat human diseases.

While great progress has been made, many problems and opportunities still exist. For example, the ongoing efforts to adopt single-cell omics and space genomics technologies will provide key insights into the heterogeneity of fibroblasts within and between tissues, and their ability to assume multiple functional States for physiological or disease triggers. With our understanding of the basic function of fibroblasts far beyond the scope of ECM synthesis, in-situ regulation of fibroblasts can bring new therapeutic possibilities for a wide range of diseases characterized by aging, pathological remodeling and tissue fibrosis. New research fields, including cross-regulation between wound fibroblasts, immune cells and peripheral nervous system, are very important for understanding how to restore tissues to their pre-injury state. Finally, effective clinical transformation will require rigorous verification in local human tissues and human-like models, such as organotypic cultures, xenotransplantation and organs derived from pluripotent cells. These advances will make it possible to prevent, treat and even reverse fibrosis through proper and controlled repair.

Related paper information

The original paper was published in Cell, a periodical of CellPress Cell Press. Click "Read the original" to view the paper.

▌ Paper title:

Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease

▌ Website of the paper:

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00792-3

▌DOI：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.024

Read the original text

Portulaca oleracea, a common wild vegetable, has been eaten in Chinese for a long time. At the same time, purslane is also a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and is a plant that can be used as medicine and food.

In modern nutrition, purslane is rich in dihydroxyethylamine, calcium, iron, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C, selenium, Omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients. There are still some claims that purslane can prevent cancer.

Can purslane prevent cancer?

In January, 2020, the Journal of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine published a paper on cancer prevention of Portulaca oleracea L., taking mice as experimental objects, the paper established a model of lung metastasis of liver cancer in mice, and Portulaca oleracea L. formula granules were used as drugs.

The experimental results showed that the inhibition rate of high-dose Portulaca oleracea group was 54.15%, and that of low-dose Portulaca oleracea group was 30.72%. The results suggested that Portulaca oleracea could inhibit lung metastasis of liver cancer, and the experiment showed that Portulaca oleracea had certain influence on metabolism of mice.

This shows that Portulaca oleracea has a certain anti-cancer effect in animal research. However, we can’t think that eating Portulaca oleracea every day can prevent cancer. On the contrary, we need to know that the anticancer effect of Portulaca oleracea has been confirmed in animal research, which doesn’t mean that it has the same effect in human research. Animal experiments have limitations, and human experiments lack effective and rigorous case studies, so it is not advisable to eat Portulaca oleracea in large quantities for the purpose of preventing cancer.

Portulaca oleracea has many wonderful uses.

Although the anti-cancer effect of purslane on people is not clear, eating purslane still has many benefits.

According to Compendium of Materia Medica, purslane has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, attacking blood and reducing swelling. Portulaca oleracea also contains potassium salt, which has the effects of lowering blood pressure, slowing heart rate and protecting the heart.

In addition, Portulaca oleracea has a strong inhibitory effect on Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria, so it is also known as "natural antibiotic".

Eating purslane is particular,

These taboos can’t be touched

Although eating purslane has many benefits, some people are not suitable for eating it. For example, pregnant women, purslane cold, has obvious stimulation to the uterus, and will also accelerate the frequency of contractions. Pregnant women may have the risk of premature delivery and abortion when eating purslane, so pregnant women should not eat purslane.

People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold had better not eat or eat more. Portulaca oleracea is cold, and people with deficiency of spleen and stomach will aggravate the cold, especially those with diarrhea. It is best not to eat Portulaca oleracea to avoid aggravating diarrhea.

In addition, purslane should not be eaten with turtle shell as much as possible. It is recorded in the Classic of Materia Medica that the horse’s teeth can’t be mixed with turtle shell, which is a traditional Chinese medicine blindly and conflicts with purslane in terms of medicinal properties. Therefore, when eating purslane, don’t drink Chinese medicine with turtle shell at the same time, and it is best not to eat it with turtle meat at the same time.

Portulaca oleracea practice sharing

After talking about the benefits and precautions of purslane, let’s share some practices of purslane with you.

Portulaca oleracea

In hot summer, it is most suitable for cold salad. Because purslane is rich in oxalic acid, it can be blanched in boiling water for half a minute to one minute before cooking, and oxalic acid and other organic acids can be separated out to reduce the sour taste caused by oxalic acid.

After blanching, you can add salt, minced garlic, soy sauce, sesame oil or your favorite seasoning and mix well. Those who like peppers can put a little pepper, which is more appetizing and refreshing.

Purslane porridge

Put a proper amount of japonica rice in a pot, add clear water and bring it to a boil. After boiling, turn to low heat and cook for 30 minutes until the porridge becomes thicker. Wash the purslane with clear water and cut it into sections, then put it in the porridge and cook for 5 to 10 minutes. Then add salt and mix well to turn off the heat.

It is best to cook porridge in casserole. The porridge cooked in casserole is better than the porridge cooked in ordinary pot. If it is too troublesome to cook porridge, you can cook it in an electric rice cooker or other appliances that can be used to cook porridge, and add purslane in the middle.

Stir-fried purslane

Wash Portulaca oleracea in clean water, blanch it in boiling water for 5 minutes, then take it out and drain it, put a proper amount of oil in the wok, add minced garlic and stir-fry until fragrant, add bean paste and soy sauce, pour the processed Portulaca oleracea into the wok and stir-fry it evenly, and add a little salt before taking it out.

In a word, Portulaca oleracea has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and reducing swelling, but its anticancer effect is still in the exploratory stage, and it is not suitable for long-term or large-scale eating because of its cold nature, and it is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and pregnant women.

References:

[1]. Metabonomics analysis of Portulaca oleracea L. regulating lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice. Journal of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020,2 (1): 62-69.

[2]. Natural antibiotic-purslane. People’s Daily. 2019-8-2.

[3]. The medicinal value of purslane recommended by Chinese medicine is called "natural antibiotic". Yangzi Evening News .2009-6-1.

Read the original text

　　Since the advent of the "artifact" of wireless mobile phone charging from a distance, the saying that it is "harmful to the body by radiation" on the Internet has never been broken. Will charging black technology from a distance really harm your health? Zhao Yingjun, a network musician, died of liver cancer because he stayed up all the year round. Can staying up late really lead to liver cancer? Besides, does sleeping on the left side oppress the heart? The latest monthly "science" gossip list has refuted the above rumors. At the same time, the official positive solution to the false statement that "reconstituted milk" is fake milk, and the high-rise building caught fire and ran to the top of the building, is also packaged for everyone today.

　　The monthly "scientific" gossip list is guided by Beijing Science and Technology Association, Beijing Municipal Committee Network Information Office, Capital Internet Association, and jointly released by Beijing Science and Technology Journalists Editors Association and Beijing regional website joint rumor platform.

　　Rumors:

　　Staying up all year round affects detoxification and can cause liver cancer.

　　Truth: There is no basis for saying that "human organs will detoxify at night, and if they stay up late, the toxins will not be discharged". At present, all the causes of liver cancer are not fully understood, but some factors in life do increase the risk of liver cancer.

　　Risk factors of liver cancer include hepatitis virus infection, alcoholism, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, gene mutation, hereditary metabolic disease, smoking, obesity, type II diabetes, vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide. However, it should be noted that having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean that you will get cancer. Vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine, regular physical examination, treatment of basic diseases, quitting smoking and drinking, keeping a healthy weight and staying away from carcinogens are all known methods to reduce the risk of liver cancer.

　　Although staying up late is not a known direct cause of liver cancer, staying up late will reduce the body’s resistance and is one of the causes of many basic diseases. Therefore, it is very important to develop a good lifestyle and try to avoid the habit of staying up late, smoking, drinking and other high risk diseases.

　　Rumors:

　　"Charging in the air" is extremely radioactive and harmful to the body.

　　Truth: According to the technical principle, wireless charging technology can be divided into three categories, namely electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic resonance and radio wave. No matter which method of charging from a distance (wireless charging), its technical basis is inseparable from electromagnetic waves, which will produce radiation. The higher the frequency and the greater the energy, the stronger the corresponding radiation. However, when discussing the influence of radiation on human body, we must consider the radiation amount. If the charging power of electronic products is not high, the influence on human body can be ignored.

　　The radiation standard is also related to the space area. According to the upper limit of safety set by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation, the safe radiation range of human body is 10 watts/square meter. According to the family housing area of 90 square meters, the maximum radiation power that residents can bear at home is about 900 watts. According to the calculation, the highest emission power of the charging pile charged from a distance is only 25 watts, so it can ensure human safety.

　　Radio wave charging technology is transmitted to mobile phones in the form of "millimeter wave" extremely narrow beam. At present, there is no experimental data showing that millimeter wave will bring radiation, which means that the "radiation" of millimeter wave will not bring negative impact on human health.

　　Rumors:

　　Sleeping on the left side will crush your heart, which is not good for your health.

　　Truth: This statement is wrong. The human heart is perfectly protected by the thorax composed of ribs and will not be easily oppressed in any direction. Even if it is occasionally hit by the outside world, as long as the intensity is not too high, it will generally not cause substantial damage to the heart. Moreover, when we lie to the left, above the heart is the right lung, which is big but light, so there is nothing to be afraid of.

　　However, for most patients with heart disease, the right lateral position is indeed superior to the left lateral position. When lying on the left side, because the heart is located below the midline (center of gravity) of the body, more blood returns to the heart due to gravity, and the burden on the heart is greater than that on the right side. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden on the heart, patients with heart disease are advised to lie on the right side.

　　Rumors:

　　The lack of nutrition in reconstituted milk is "fake milk" and "waste oil" in milk.

　　Truth: This statement has no scientific basis. Fresh milk refers to the milk that leaves the cow within 24 hours; Restored milk, also known as "reduced milk" or "reduced milk", is an emulsion obtained by mixing dried or concentrated dairy products with water in proportion. Compared with fresh milk, the production process of reconstituted milk adds the steps of high-temperature sterilization, but it has little effect on the main nutritional components (such as protein and calcium).

　　People drink or eat dairy products, mainly to supplement protein and calcium. After protein in dairy products enters human body, it is mainly decomposed into peptides and amino acids for human body to absorb.

　　Although there is high-temperature sterilization in the processing of reconstituted milk, the protein structure in milk will change, but the amino acids that make up protein will not change, so high-temperature sterilization has little effect on the nutritional value and digestibility of protein in reconstituted milk. In addition, the calcium in reconstituted milk may only affect its dissolved state after heating, and will not affect the absorption rate of calcium by human body.

　　Fermented Milk (GB 19302-2010), Sterilized Milk (GB 25190-2010) and modified milk (GB 25191-2010) and other standards have all made it clear in different forms that reconstituted milk can be used in dairy production, and it is a regular product allowed by the state. The reconstituted milk is a dairy product that can provide nutrients such as protein and calcium for human body. At present, the products made of reconstituted milk in the market generally contain sugar, essence, etc. Consumers are advised to choose a relatively suitable dairy product according to their own situation.

　　Rumors:

　　In case of fire in a tall building, take the elevator downstairs or run to the roof.

　　Truth: The Beijing Fire and Rescue Corps clearly pointed out through the official release platform that it is forbidden to take the elevator after a fire, and the safe passage should be taken when the high-rise building is evacuated. There is a fire in a high-rise building, and people must never escape by elevator. Because after the fire, the power supply of the elevator is likely to be cut off at the first time, causing people in the elevator car to be trapped. At the scene of the fire, the elevator shaft is equivalent to a big chimney, and a large amount of smoke pours into the elevator shaft, which can easily cause "stack effect", and people inside will be suffocated by the smoke and poisonous gas.

　　It is also unwise to run high. After the fire broke out, the smoke went up at an extremely fast speed, so people could hardly run at the speed of the smoke, and they might inhale a lot of smoke.

　　The correct way is: if you are on the middle and low floors of the building, try to take the fire escape and run to the ground floor as soon as possible and leave the building. Try to lower your body when you escape, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel if possible.

　　If you are in the middle and high level of the office building, look for the refuge floor as soon as possible. According to the national fire building code, high-rise buildings over 100 meters need to be provided with refuge floors. Under normal circumstances, the floor spacing between two refuge floors will not exceed 15 floors. In case of fire, people can enter the refuge floor as soon as possible and wait for evacuation and rescue.

　　If you are on a low floor like the second floor, you can also fix the fixed components in the house with ropes, and then tie the body down. But it must be remembered that you can’t escape by this method above three floors.

　　Text/reporter Li Jie

[The way to understand cars, products] Recently, the way to understand cars was learned that Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 was officially released on the market, and a total of 2 models were launched.Both are priced at 216,600 yuanThe limited-time equity price of the new car is 188,600 yuan. Next, let’s take a look at the product power of the new car.

In appearance, the overall aura of Dongfeng Yipai e π 008 is relatively strong. The new car adopts a large number of new energy styling designs, the hood has multiple ribs, sharp headlights, LED light sources inside, and is equipped with a through daytime running light belt. The brand LOGO is inlaid in the middle, the lower air intake grille is a trapezoidal air intake grille, and the front lip is relatively flat. The new car design is very original and full of aura.

To the side of the body, the roof is straight, the side is full of power, suspended windows, the top of the body is equipped with a luggage rack, the front and rear windows are relatively large, and the transparency is better. The waist line runs through the body, and a hidden door handle is used.

In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 5002/1972/1732mm, the wheelbase is 3025mm, the approach angle is 21 °, and the departure angle is 22 °. Overall, the new car has good passability.

At the rear of the car body, the top is equipped with a high spoiler, the tail window has a little inclination, and it is equipped with a through taillight. Under the left taillight is the "Dongfeng" logo, and under the right taillight is the "eπ 008" logo. The full rear is surrounded by a hidden exhaust pipe.

In terms of interior, the minimalist style is the main one, the dual-width steering wheel is designed with a wedge type, and the interior workmanship and materials are very solid. In terms of intelligence, it is equipped with a full LCD instrument panel + 15.6-inch central control screen, which is rich in apps, using Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, equipped with mobile phone wireless charging, and open armrest box.

Adopting a 6-seat layout of 2 + 2 + 2, it offers a car refrigerator, foldable LCD screen, small table board, refrigerator, electric rear seats, etc. The second row of seats is very luxurious, and the second row of central aisles is wide, making it easy to enter the third row.

In terms of power, the range extension model is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine as a range extender, with a maximum engine power of 108kW. It is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack from Zhongchuang Xinhang, with a pure electric battery life of 154km and a comprehensive battery life of more than 1300km.

Pure electric model, the maximum power of a single motor is 200kW, using Dongyu Xinsheng’s lithium iron phosphate battery pack, with a cruising range of 636km.

The editor has something to say:

Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 has been released and listed. The price of the new car is attractive, and the new car technology is rich in configuration, large space, and provides a variety of power combinations, allowing users to have more choices. We will wait and see the performance of the new car market. Regarding the dynamic experience of the new car, we have already commented on the test drive. If you want to know more about the new car information and the car purchase market, please leave a message to interact. Everyone must consume rationally when buying a car. (Photo/text/photo: The way to understand cars, Wang Bin, editor)

[Autohome Chaozhou Discount Promotion Channel] According to an exclusive report, an attractive car purchase promotion is being launched in the Chaozhou area. At present, Mercedes-Benz officially provides a cash discount of up to 80,000 yuan for this luxury coupe SUV, which has reduced its minimum selling price to 793,800 yuan. This large-scale profit-making move undoubtedly provides consumers with a rare opportunity to buy a car. To seize this offer and experience the charm of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe for themselves, consumers can immediately click "Chatti Car Price" in the quotation form to get the best car purchase conditions. Don’t miss this opportunity, act now!

With its unique design, the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe shows unparalleled dynamism and luxury. The front face features the iconic shield-shaped air intake grille of the Mercedes-Benz family, inlaid with fine chrome decoration, and contrasted with sharp LED headlights, creating a strong visual impact. The overall body line is smooth, and the back-style design gives it an elegant sporty temperament, which perfectly blends power and elegance, reflecting Mercedes-Benz’s unique interpretation of the luxury SUV coupe style.

With its unique design charm, the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe outlines smooth side lines. The body size is 4941mm*2018mm*1716mm and the wheelbase reaches 2935mm, providing a spacious interior space for passengers. The tire size is 275/50 R20, which not only emphasizes the dynamic performance of the vehicle, but also shows the elegant rim style. Overall, the side design highlights the perfect fusion of power and sporty aesthetics.

The interior design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe shows the perfect combination of luxury and technology. The exquisite leather steering wheel provides an excellent grip, with manual and electric adjustment functions to ensure driver comfort and convenience. The 12.3-inch central control screen stands in the center of the dashboard for clear display and smooth operation. It integrates multimedia systems, navigation and telephone functions to facilitate the driver to grasp information in real time. The seats in the car are made of imitation leather, and the main and passenger seats support multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest, height and waist support to ensure a personalized comfort experience for passengers. In addition, the front seats are also equipped with heating and ventilation functions, as well as power seat memory functions, which reflect the careful care of the driver and passengers. The wireless charging function is equipped to further enhance the technological feel and convenience of the interior.

The Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 190 kilowatts and a torque output of 400 Nm, with a strong performance of 258 horsepower. This power system, coupled with a 9-speed automatic transmission, not only provides a smooth driving experience, but also ensures the efficient transmission of vehicle performance.

As the price reduction promotion of Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is about to come to an end, we would like to take this opportunity to emphasize again that this is by no means an ordinary price reduction, but our deep understanding and response to consumer needs. Buying Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe now, you can not only experience the excellent driving performance and luxury comfort of our brand as always, but also enjoy a very competitive price advantage. This is a great opportunity not to be missed, let us start the perfect journey of luxury and performance together. Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe, waiting for your discerning eyes, let us create more beautiful driving memories together. The discount is limited and there are not many places. Hurry up and seize this opportunity and drive into the future!

1905 movie network news, recently,After the first roadshow of the movie after the opening of Harbin, the director Li Rengang led the lead and starring Wu Jing, Zhang Yi, and Jing Boran rushed to the second stop in Shenyang non-stop. From Zhang Yi’s main venue to Jing Boran’s hometown, the continuation of yesterday’s warm exchange and interaction atmosphere, in addition toIn addition to the content of "father’s love", there is also a lot of attention to the high-flaming action scenes in the film. Wu Jing also said: "I was filming the scene of flying over the ice crack, and I always wondered how I could fly over and nail the crampons at the same time. I remember I took 19 shots with my leg injury."

This time, when he returned to his hometown to promote the new film, Jing Boran said with a smile: "I have learned secret techniques from Brother Angjing and Brother Zhang Yi." To support the film, Jing Boran’s 12-year-old mother powder was brushed 4 times in a row, thanking Jing Boran for bringing positive energy to young people. Because Zhang Yi and Jing Boran are both from Northeast China, fans at the roadshow also asked them to restore the "treasure" clip in Northeast dialect, which caused the audience to laugh. The three of them had a good relationship outside the play, and they also summoned Hu Ge from the air at the roadshow, which triggered Hu Ge’s humorous response.

　

Shenyang station road show opened box office breaking 600 million Jing Boran training drama photographed spit Zhang translation Northeast language confession

On the fifth day of the release of "Climber", the box office has approached 700 million yuan. During the roadshow at Shenyang Station, Jing Boran, who returned to his hometown, also felt the enthusiasm of his relatives in his hometown and the love and support for the movie. When it came to the shooting of the training ground in the film, some audiences were curious about how the real scene was completed. Jing Boran said that in order to create a sense of fatigue and realism, more than a dozen rounds of tire-towing training were carried out during the shooting of the scene, and then the sandbag equipment on the back of the weight exceeded 40 kilograms. Wu Jing also added: "The scene made Jing Boran vomit, and it took more than four hours to recover." The audience was distressed.

More viewers were moved by the "treasure" lines of the two mentors and apprentices in the film. Zhang Yi and Jing Boran, two Northeasterners, were also asked to restore the scene in Northeast dialect. Jing Boran opened his mouth: "What are you targeting me for?" The strong sense of contrast and authentic tone caused the audience to laugh. At the event, many young viewers took their parents to watch the movie together to feel the emotions of their parents’ era. Some viewers said: "I originally watched the first game in Beijing, but later took my parents back to Shenyang and went to the second brush." More mother fans who accompanied Jing Boran for 12 years, shouted excitedly on the spot, watched it four times, and were moved every time they watched it: "Thank you Jing Bao for filming such a work, which brings young people this positive climbing spirit."

　

Wu Jing Zhang Yi Jing Boran summons Hu Ge to "fit" "two captains" 13 years of reunion

The return of Jing Boran on the Shenyang roadshow of the movie "Climber" also means the integration of the two generations of climbers. Wu Jing, Zhang Yi, and Jing Boran also took photos with Hu Ge’s poster on the way to the roadshow, and remotely issued a call to fit. The three of them left messages on Hu Ge’s poster "He hasn’t come yet" "He hasn’t come again" "I’m here again, you still haven’t come", and the soul question finally got Hu Ge’s humorous response "It’s not easy for Hu to come", which also made netizens full of expectations for the four-person fit.

The cast of the whole film is super powerful, and it has also been well received and recognized by netizens after the release. In the film, Wu Jing and Zhang Yi’s two sparkling rivalry scenes also depict the emotional collision between Fang Wuzhou and Qu Songlin. Zhang Yi’s sentence "I respect you, I hate you" explains the "regret" and "entanglement" between the two people across 13 years. Regarding this scene, Zhang Yi also named it on the spot and said that it was the most memorable scene he had filmed: "When I saw Jing Boran lying there, and then I walked up to Brother Jing step by step, I was really sad." The enthusiastic audience at the scene also said: "You are also the climbers among the actors."

The film "Climber" was released simultaneously in North America and the United Kingdom. The film was produced by Tsui Hark and Zeng Peishan, written and directed by Li Rengang, and written by Alai. Wu Jing, Zhang Ziyi, Zhang Yi, Jing Boran, Hu Ge, Wang Jingchun, He Lin, Chen Long, Liu Xiaofeng, Qu Ni Tsering, Lavan Robb, and Dobj starred, and Jackie Chan starred in a friendship.

　　At present, with the rapid development of vehicle electrification and intelligence, smart driving has become a new track for various car companies to compete. And to ask which one is strong in the field of smart driving, the newly unveiled Avita 12 and Smart S7 are among the leaders. Today, let’s take a look at how the two cars perform and what are the specific differences.

　

　　Smart drivingPK:Advanced Smart DrivingOr smart drivingbeggarversion

　　The similarities between Avita 12 and Smart World S7 mainly lie in the blessing of Huawei’s ecology. Both Avita 12 and Smart World S7 are equipped with Huawei’s high-end intelligent assistance system ADS2.0, which can realize urban and high-speed NCA, as well as many high-end intelligent driving auxiliary features. In terms of smart cockpit, both cars are also equipped with Huawei Hongmeng cockpit 4.0, which is also the "top stream" in the current smart cockpit field. Whether it is the operation experience or the richness of ecological applications, it can be regarded as the leader in smart cars.

　　The Avita 12 series comes standard with 29 smart driving sensors and a 4-layer perception system, including 3 lidars, 3 millimeter-wave radars, 11 high definition cameras, and 12 ultrasonic radars, which are fully equipped as standard. At the same time, it also has a high-performance smart driving computing platform, fusion perception algorithm, VRU interaction and game algorithm, data simulation training, providing 360-degree full coverage of fusion perception ability, efficient computing power and anthropomorphic algorithm, which is more suitable for China’s complex road traffic scenes, and realizes a driving experience with full scene coverage in high-speed sections, urban sections and parking links. In contrast, the single lidar perception ability of the Smart S7 is obviously not as good as that of the Avita 12, and its low-end models do not have high-order smart driving functions.

　　Body PK: Original Luxury or Common Design

　　On this basis, the shape design of the Avita 12 can definitely make people stand out, after all, Avita has always had a high degree of originality in this regard. This new car adopts the minimalist design of Gentle Tech and the ability to express lines with tension, which brings us the ultimate trendy visual experience. For example, its iconic disc wing front face, with LED curvature headlights, makes it look very stylish, with a sense of technology and aesthetic power. There is also the overall body lying low, creating a light and shadow hovering body appearance, and interpreting the beauty of the coupe with a new design. The appearance of the Smart World S7 also adopts a minimalist design style, and it also belongs to the first echelon in the same class of models, such as through-type daytime running lights and narrow headlight sets, which are also relatively common in the market.

　　From the perspective of body size, the body size of the Avita 12 is 5020 × 1999 × 1450mm, and the wheelbase is 3020mm; the body size of the Smart World S7 is 4971 × 1963 × 1474mm, and the wheelbase is 2950mm. The body of the Avita 12 is larger than the length of the Smart World S7, and the wheelbase is also larger. In addition, the specially customized H-type ternary lithium battery used in the Ningde era on the Avita 12 has also been designed as an "energy well" diving design, and the space performance of the entire car is also better, which can bring a spacious space of two rows of double one meter, which can better meet people’s needs for large space.

　　At the same time, in terms of interior, the Avita 12 gives people a more advanced and technological feeling. It has a 35.4-inch 4K remote screen and a 15.6-inch central control screen, coupled with electronic exterior mirrors, EC light-sensitive canopy and light-sensitive windshield design, which greatly enhance the internal technology and user experience of the whole vehicle. The interior of the Smart S7 is relatively simple, and the instrument panel and central control screen are also routinely handled, without much innovation. It can only be said to be standard.

　　Power PK: Athletic or conventional performance

　　In terms of power performance, although both the Avita 12 and the Smart S7 use Huawei DriveOne motors, the maximum power of the Avita 12 goes directly to 425kW, while the maximum power of the Smart S7 is only 365kW. Moreover, the Avita 12 also has a more sporty body posture, with an aspect ratio of 1.38 and wider tires, which are only available in more advanced and sporty models.

　　Positioning PK: high-end or mid-range models

　　In fact, look at the positioning of the two new cars to understand the difference. Simply put, the goal of Avita 12 is to 300,000~ 400,000 high-end smart car market, while the smart world S7 is to focus on the 250,000-level new energy vehicle market. The price of Avita 12 is 300,800 yuan, and the price of the smart world S7 is 258,000 yuan. From the price point of view, you can also feel the gap between the two.

　　In general, the Avita 12 and the S7 are two new cars with good strength, which can be regarded as the first echelon in the industry, especially in terms of intelligence, which is much ahead of the same level of models. But in comparison, the Avita 12 has a higher-end market positioning, and has more outstanding performance in terms of luxury, technology, and power performance.

　　China. com, August 29th-To say that the most puzzling "scenic spot" in Chongqing in 8D, the second line of Liziba Light Rail passes through the building, which attracts too many foreigners to punch in, and the enthusiasm of foreigners also makes Chongqing people puzzled.

　　On August 21st, the viewing platform of Liziba, which was built at the request of tourists, was officially opened to tourists. This is the first completed upgrading project of online celebrity scenic spots after Chongqing suddenly became the "online celebrity" on May 1st this year.

　　Chongqing, a three-dimensional city, has such magical observation platforms. Below, let’s take stock of all kinds of online celebrity observation platforms in Chongqing to make the Chongqing travel photo in your mobile phone even more amazing.

　　Pet powder maniac: Liziba observation deck

　　Is there a track line 2 or a building first? This question is like "which comes first, the chicken or the egg" for foreigners who go to the Liziba observation deck.

　　When the Liziba Light Rail passes through the building, Chongqing people never expected that it would catch fire. All Liziba roadsides were not set up before, so tourists had to stand on the sidewalk less than two meters and look up. The angle was not good. When a train passed by, they left with a click, and the bus had to stop and leave.

　　The amazing passenger flow brought by Chongqing, online celebrity, the Yuzhong District Government decided to start building the Liziba observation deck in May this year, just to make it safer for you to look up at Line 2. So willful, no wonder Chongqing will be called a pet powder maniac by netizens.

　　Yesterday, Xiao Bian saw from the scene that after the opening of the Liziba observation deck, the view of the light rail crossing the building was much better than in the past, that is, the legendary best viewing angle of 33. The most important thing is not to worry about being crowded into the road by people. This is good news for tourists who go to Chongqing on the Mid-Autumn National Day.

　　From this observation deck, you can fully realize that there are two floors of roads in the mountain city of Chongqing. Of course, there is also a famous "three-floor road" above Liziba on the second light rail line. Do a good calculation. How many floors of roads are there in the mountain city? By the way, think again, whether there is a track or a building first.

　　Stunning punch: Hongyadong observation deck

　　Hongyadong, the first scenic spot in online celebrity in Chongqing, used to play in the same way: take a photo of Hongyadong Chihiro on Qiansimien Bridge or Jiabin Road and feel the fantastic Chongqing on the cliff.

　　Have you ever tried to take a leisurely walk down Cangbai Road from the top of Hongyadong, and first look at the night view of Jiangbei on the observation deck of Hongyadong? This is the best view and angle to shoot the glittering bank buildings in Jiangbei CBD!

　　Hongyadong observation deck is located on the top floor of Hongyadong, with a small area of only a few dozen square meters. From this perspective, you can not only see online celebrity buildings such as the Grand Theatre, but also take pictures of Qiansimen Bridge, which shows that Chongqing is the capital of the bridge, and the train of Track 6 is still running on the lower floor of the bridge.

　　Jiangbei mouth’s building curtain wall, after special programming, is equivalent to a huge TV screen, which can show a huge picture. If you record a short video and bring the surging Jialing River in, it may be a fire.

　　By the way, there is also a huge dam in front of Chongqing Grand Theatre in jiangbei mouth. There are few people, and you can see the panoramic view of Yuzhong Peninsula. This is also a good viewing platform.

　　God’s perspective: WFC observation deck

　　The mother city of Yuzhong in Chongqing is surrounded by two rivers, and most of the scenic spots in online celebrity in Chongqing are on Yuzhong Peninsula. But if you want to see the whole picture of Yuzhong Peninsula, you need to go to Jiangbei or Nan ‘an. Is there any place where you can catch a glimpse of Chongqing from the perspective of God?

　　Yes, this place is the observation deck of Huixianlou, WFC, located in Jie Fangbei. This observation deck, which has only been open for one year, is currently the highest in Chongqing at a height of 339 meters. In addition, it is located in a higher position in the mother city of Yuzhong. The observation deck on the 73rd floor can see the whole picture of the core area of Chongqing’s main city, whether it is Yuzhong Peninsula or Jiangbei, Nan ‘an, Jiangcheng and Shancheng in Chongqing. The observation deck is also air-conditioned, so you don’t have to sweat.

　　There is also a traditional panoramic viewing platform in Chongqing, that is, a tree viewing platform. However, the people who go up are mostly tourists from travel agencies, and the road up the mountain is also prone to traffic jams, which is also a good angle to see Chongqing surrounded by rivers.

　　Guinness in Chongqing: Ordovician Sky Hanging Gallery Observation Platform

　　There are only two scenic spots in online celebrity outside the main city of Chongqing summarized by Chongqing Tourism Commission, one of which is Wansheng Ordovician scenic spot, where there is an observation deck that has created the Guinness World Record — — Hanging gallery in the sky.

　　Wansheng Ordovician scenic spot is two hours’ drive from the core area of Chongqing’s main city, and all online travel platforms have one-day tours to book. The Ordovician scenic spot was built on a mountain cliff at an altitude of 1,200 meters. Last year, the Sky Hanging Gallery observation deck was a glass plank road that extended 69.6 meters from the cliff, standing at the top of the glass plank road. In addition to the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.’s visual wonder, you can also feel the slight vibration under your feet — — This sky gallery is a glass bridge with only one support point, which is very wonderful.

　　After all, the Ordovician is two hours’ drive from the main city. There are not only sky hanging corridors here, but also the "extreme leap" and the "cliff swing" in which Tik Tok is in a mess. The former is equivalent to playing a real-life version of "jumping" on the hollow staircase outside the cliff, while the latter is equivalent to flying down from the sixth floor. Every time the electromagnet is released, it is a scream. The height of your foot is not only 18 meters.

　　By the way, the 20-meter cliff swing in Ordovician scenic spot will be opened in September, with a higher position and flying farther. At the same time, there are a number of new cliff thrilling projects.

　　Almost all the projects in this scenic spot are built on cliffs. When you go, you will know that Chongqing, the "city of the sky", has another form of expression in the Ordovician scenic spot. (Correspondent Zhou Hui)

China’s football is once again in the doldrums. This time, the defeat comes from the women’s Asian qualifiers of the Paris Olympic Games. This is a very disappointing failure for players, coaches, fans and officials of China football. The first Paris Olympic Women’s Asian Regional Qualifier attracted the attention of many fans, but the final outcome dashed the dream of China women’s football team.

Paris Olympic Games is one of the biggest sports events in the world. It is held every four years and attracts athletes and teams from all over the world. Football is one of the important events in the Olympic Games, and it is the dream of every women’s football team to qualify for the Olympic Games on behalf of the national women’s football team. Therefore, the women’s Asian qualifiers for the Paris Olympic Games are of great significance to the participating national teams. However, the defeat of the women’s football team in China is not only a game defeat, but also exposes the deep-seated problems and challenges faced by the football team in China. Let’s discuss the reasons for this setback, the difficulties faced by China women’s football team and the future prospect of China football.

Looking back on the history of women’s football in China, we can see the glory of this team. China women’s football team won many honors in international football in 1990s and early 21st century. In 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999, the women’s Asian Cup won seven consecutive championships; In 1990, 1994 and 1998, the women’s football team won three consecutive championships in the Asian Games; Runner-up in the 3rd Women’s World Cup in 1999. In 2006, she won the women’s Asian Cup again. They won the runner-up in the 1999 Women’s World Cup and the silver medal in the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. These achievements have made China women’s football team the pride of domestic sports, and also inspired generations of girls’ football dreams.

However, in recent years, the competitiveness of women’s football in China has gradually declined. Their performance in the international arena is not as good as before, and they gradually lost their former glory. Before the women’s Asian regional qualifiers of the Paris Olympic Games, China women’s football team had not performed well in the 2019 Women’s World Cup and failed to enter the quarter-finals. This has caused concern about the decline in the competitiveness of women’s football in China.

After Song Kai, the new president of China Football Association, took office, his first goal was to ensure that China women’s football team could successfully advance to the Paris Olympic Games. Song Kai has taken a series of measures, including strengthening the leadership, improving the quality of training, and formulating clear tasks. He made it clear that the success of the women’s football team in China is very important for the football team in China, and the Asian women’s football qualifiers of the Paris Olympic Games are the key for them to achieve this goal.

However, Song Kai’s first task after taking office ended in failure. This defeat is undoubtedly a heavy blow to him personally, and it also challenges his leadership position. As soon as he started to reform China football, he was confronted with such a great setback, which posed serious problems for his leadership and reform plan.

The lineup and competitiveness of China women’s football team

China women’s football team has always been the focus of attention. Their players have shown excellent personal abilities in the international arena, but the overall strength of the team has not reached the highest level. This setback makes people wonder whether China women’s football team needs more young blood and fresh strength to enhance the overall competitiveness of the team.

The frustration of China women’s football team also makes people think about the management and guidance of the coaching staff. On the field, at the management level, whether the coaching staff needs more reforms and improve the management level in order to better train and guide players is a problem that needs deep thinking.

This defeat is undoubtedly a painful experience for China women’s football team. After the game, the players cried many times, and the Xie Chang session of the whole team was full of sadness. They have worked hard for their own defeat, but in the end they failed to advance as expected. This setback needs reflection and summary, and China women’s football team needs to learn from it and constantly improve its level.

However, this defeat does not mean that the women’s football team in China has come to an end. This is only a temporary setback, not an end. China Women’s Football Team has many potential players, who will have the opportunity to prove themselves and compete for honor in future competitions.

The future of women’s football in China is still full of hope. Although this defeat is sad, it can also be seen as an opportunity to urge the China women’s football team to make greater efforts to prepare for future competitions. China women’s football team needs to learn from this failure, strengthen teamwork and improve the overall competitive level.

China football needs more reforms and improved management level to better promote the development of China football. Although this setback is sad, we believe that China Football Club will keep going and strive for its dream. I hope that the women’s football team in China can re-emerge and win honor for the country, and I also look forward to more progress and development of football in China in the future. No matter how difficult it is, China football will keep going.

The failure of China women’s football team is a setback, but it is also an opportunity. China football needs to learn from it, keep moving forward and strive for more honor. In the future, China women’s football team will have the opportunity to rally and make a name for itself in the international arena again. At the same time, China football needs to continue to reform and improve its management level to ensure the long-term development of China football. No matter how many challenges are encountered, China Football will stick to its dream and strive to move forward.

Recently, the national fitness ice and snow hiking activity was held in the Riverside Square in Wulanmulun, kangbashi district, Erdos, Inner Mongolia.

At the event, an instant sales booth was set up, public welfare publicity panels were placed, and promotional materials of China sports lottery were distributed. Sports lottery staff on-site popular science sports lottery public welfare and rational lottery purchase knowledge, so that participants can understand the public welfare attribute and responsibility of sports lottery. An interactive gift-winning activity was also held at the scene, and gifts such as badminton rackets, mouse pads and paper drawing with sports lottery logos were given to the participants. Just before the opening of the sales booth, a variety of Spring Festival theme tickets were warmly welcomed by everyone. Many hikers who came to participate in the competition not only gained the joy of sports, but also received a lucky participation in sports lottery games. The event also provided disposable cups and paper-drawing printed by sports lottery for the contestants, bringing colorful warmth to the cold winter. (From January 31st, China Sports Daily, 08 edition)