爱上海龙凤419论坛-上海后花园论坛-夜上海最新论坛-上海品茶工作室

Wen Yi BT Finance, by Chang Qianqian

On April 19th, the first day of the Shanghai Auto Show Open Day, Tesla unexpectedly became the focus of the market. A female owner of Tesla, wearing a white T-shirt with the words "Brake Failure" printed on her chest, stood on the roof of a red Tesla and shouted "Tesla Brake Failure". The video was forwarded on the whole network, and Tesla once again rushed to the top of the hot search list in Weibo because of "Brake Failure".

On the afternoon of April 19th, Tesla announced that the party involved in the auto show was the owner of the speeding violation accident in Anyang, Henan Province in February. Tao Lin, vice president of Tesla China, responded to the auto show event and said that Tesla could not compromise.

In response to this matter, Xinhua News Agency issued a document on the same day asking: Who made who not "decent". The official WeChat of the Central Political and Legal Committee, WeChat official account’s "An Jian of the Central Political and Legal Committee", also wrote an article attacking: Tesla must face the torture of customers in China, regardless of compromise.

Affected by this, on April 19, EST, Tesla fell sharply after a few minutes of opening, with a drop of more than 6%, and its market value evaporated by $24.1 billion. At the close, Tesla closed at $714.63, down 3.4%.

Why should Tesla be "tough" to the end? Is Tesla really "arrogant" or can’t bow?

The lady who made a fuss about defending her rights at the auto show experienced an accident dating back to February this year.

It is said that the woman’s father suddenly found that the brakes failed while driving Tesla Model 3, which led to the continuous rear-end collision of two cars and forced the car to stop by hitting the guardrail. The accident caused many soft tissue contusions on the woman’s parents.

After the accident, the woman defended her rights through multiple platforms after her communication with Tesla 4S store was invalid. In March, Tesla’s "brake failure" incident rushed to the hot search and attracted market attention. Tesla denied the braking problem, saying that after reviewing and analyzing the vehicle data and on-site photos, ABS worked normally during braking and the vehicle’s braking system was normal.

Earlier, some media reported that Tesla cooperated with the owner to conduct third-party testing, but the female owner rejected the plan.Tesla once again proposed "vehicle detection", which shows that it has great confidence in Tesla’s brake hardware.

According to public information, Tesla’s current brake assist system uses Bosch iBooster, and the performance of Bosch iBooster has always been good in the industry. In addition to electric vehicles such as Tesla and Weilai, hybrids such as GM, Volkswagen and Ford are also in use, and there have been no major safety problems. Some professionals said that Bosch’s brake itself has a backup plan to prevent the vehicle from completely losing its braking force.

From this point of view, Tesla’s complete braking system should be as Tesla said without much problem.

At the beginning of 2021, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) can also prove this statement. The administration investigated 246 out-of-control acceleration events in Tesla. The survey results showed that there was no evidence that there was any fault in the accelerator pedal assembly, motor control system or braking system that caused the accident. All the above cases were caused by stepping on the wrong pedal.

According to Tao Lin, vice president of Tesla China, who quoted the report at that time, all the 246 cases of out-of-control acceleration were caused by the driver’s misoperation.

So what’s the problem?According to the analysis of industry experts, if there is no problem with Bosch’s brakes, then the problem may be that when Bosch’s brake system is connected to Tesla’s telex control signal, there may be bugs at this time, which may cause the brakes to lose braking force in some cases.

The expert in this industry also made an analysis based on similar cases in the past. The specific performance is that there is an error in the electronic signal transmitted to the brake system, which causes the pressure of the brake booster pump to be too small. At this time, just lift your foot and step on the brake again. However, in an emergency, when normal people find that they can’t step on the brakes, their first reaction is to step on them and eventually lead to a car accident.

In addition, according to media analysis, Tesla has always stressed the need for third-party inspection, but never said that it would issue the data before and after the accident of the vehicle to prove its innocence, perhaps because Tesla did not want to publish the owner data it collected.

Actually,At present, many new energy vehicles use intelligent systems to collect user data. Tesla previously said that he was unwilling to use radar systems in order to reduce the collection of users.

howeverAn accident in Beijing at the end of last year vaguely pointed to Tesla collecting user data.According to the owner’s description, before the incident, he was driving slowly with a taxi in front of him. Suddenly, he couldn’t step on the brakes, hit a taxi, and then hit a big truck before being stopped. But before the owner called the police, Tesla called her to ask about the situation. However, according to the media investigation, there is no evidence to prove that the owner’s statement is completely true.

In addition, there is another case worth noting. In a Tesla traffic accident in Beijing in October 2020, the owner said that the Beijing traffic control department did not obtain the vehicle data of the day from Tesla, and was questioned by the outside world that the data was in the traffic control department. Tesla had been deleted before the investigation.

In this Shanghai Auto Show, Tesla Taolin said in an interview that in the future,China will become another global center of Tesla.

How Tesla will develop in China in the future is inconclusive. At present, Tesla’s various negative entanglements, coupled with its "arrogant" attitude in crisis public relations, have detonated consumer sentiment. In any case, Tesla has now fallen into a huge passivity.

For example, in the spontaneous combustion incident of Tesla in Shanghai basement in 2019, Tesla denied that it was its quality problem; There is also the recent "State Grid Charging Pile" incident. Tesla suddenly lost power after charging and could not start the problem of "shabu-shabu", which caused too much current to the State Grid and was officially spit out by the State Grid; Later, Pinduoduo launched the "Ten Thousand-Person Group Campaign", and the price was as low as 251,800, which Tesla refused to deliver.

Various incidents have greatly reduced Tesla’s reputation in China and successfully ignited users’ anger.Netizens have questioned why domestic cars such as Weilai and Tucki, which also use State Grid charging piles, did not suddenly lose power? Also using Bosch’s braking system, other vehicles do not have this problem? Moreover, Tesla’s arrogant public relations attitude added fuel to Tesla’s reputation, and even the Central Political and Legal Committee and Xinhua News Agency attacked its arrogance.

Since Tesla set up a factory in Shanghai, the domestic Model 3 has experienced five price cuts so far, in order to reduce costs and seize the domestic market. However, due to frequent accidents, the image gradually collapsed, and Tesla was defeated from the domestic "sales king" in 2019. In 2020, Wuling mini sold more than Tesla in several quarters, ranking first in the industry in 2020.

What Tesla should reflect on is that in addition to quality concerns, there is also an irresponsible attitude towards consumers.At present, there are a lot of netizens commenting on Taolin Weibo. Thank you. Because of your arrogance, I won’t consider buying Tesla again.

After all, vehicle sales are only half of Tesla’s market, and half comes from after-sales service. Losing any half of the market is fatal to Tesla. Without consumer trust, how can China become another global center of Tesla?

　　According to the latest sales data, Tengshi Automobile sold 11,515 vehicles in August 2023, a record high, thanks to the trust and choice of 100,000+users. Among them, Tengshi D9 continued its champion posture, selling 10,035 vehicles in August, and winning the sales champion of more than 300,000 luxury MPV markets for eight consecutive months; Tengshi N7 sold 1,480 vehicles in the first month, which exploded immediately after listing, and entered the mainstream camp of pure electric SUVs. The sales volume of medium-sized luxury SUVs with more than 300,000 pure electric vehicles ranked TOP 4. Tengshi N8 will start nationwide scale delivery in September, and the beauty will come as scheduled.

　　At the just-concluded Chengdu Auto Show, Tengshi D9, N7 and N8 product matrices were unveiled, attracting visitors from all over the world. Tengshi D9 is used by both home and business, and is favored by users. The average selling price exceeds 420,000 yuan, and the one-year preservation rate is as high as 98%. In the luxury MPV market, Tengshi D9 integrates "electrification, intelligence and high configuration", bringing epoch-making new luxury experience to users, and relying on users’ co-creation, adding DM-i 965 exclusive model, which continuously impacts the monthly sales of 15,000 vehicles. It is worth mentioning that 50% of D9 users are BBA users’ purchase or replacement, and 20% are luxury MPV fuel vehicle replacement, which has successfully rewritten the market structure and become a new benchmark in the field of luxury MPV.

　　As BYD’s 5 millionth off-line new energy vehicle, Tengshi N7 is equipped with Tengshi’s ultra-efficient eight-in-one intelligent electric powertrain, high-power overcharge technology, double-gun overcharge pile, CTB technology with integrated body and chassis, Yunqi -A intelligent air body control system (standard version) and French Chaoshe technology audio brand — — Hard-core intelligent technologies, such as Divare Audio, lead the intelligent second half with the advantages of leading the second generation products and super strength. In the user group, 55% of Tengshi N7 users are from BBA, which is transforming a large number of luxury brand oil car users. At the same time, after the delivery of N7, users praised Yunnian -A (standard version) system, luxurious cockpit, comfortable driving and handling performance experience, and gained many word-of-mouth praise.

　　Tengshi N8, which will be delivered nationwide on a large scale in September, is the only model in the 300,000-class SUV market that can be used in all scenes, and it has many modes such as camping, trailer towing, intelligent cockpit, intelligent assisted driving and other functions. Tengshi N8 further enriches and perfects Tengshi’s product matrix.

　　Tengshi is striding towards the international stage through steady and coordinated development. In September, Tengshi Automobile will be unveiled at the 2023 Munich Motor Show in Germany and the subsequent Tokyo Motor Show and Thailand Motor Show.

　　Tengshi brand has been continuously advanced since its rejuvenation, and all three models have achieved excellent market performance. Tengshi adheres to the road of new luxury, with the four core brand values of wisdom, safety, new luxury and user ecology, and continuously strives to create a new luxury and excellent travel experience for users, and will embark on a new journey of internationalization strategy, serve global users and make the world fall in love with China Tengshi. (Photo: provided by Tengshi Automobile)

Original Chu Tian Lan Teng Yun

Text | Chu Tianlan

Tengyun special author

For today’s people, the emergence of new technologies has greatly facilitated daily life, and the development of information technology has provided great convenience for work, travel or shopping. On the other hand, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has replaced a large number of jobs that previously required manpower, such as cashiers, waiters, ticket sellers and so on. Some displaced people may be able to find better jobs. For those who are affected by this, the development and progress of new technologies are obviously not good news.

The Technical Trap focuses on this issue: the emergence of new technologies will lead to the unemployment or income reduction of some workers, while the economic growth brought by some creative destruction and the creation of new employment opportunities often take decades or even longer to be reflected. How to avoid the pain and loss caused by technology trap to these people and take corresponding remedial measures is an important issue.

Technical trap

Author: (Sweden) Karl benedikt Frey Translator: He Xiao

Press: Houlangdang Democracy and Construction Press, December 2021.

01

The invention and impact of new technology

According to the unclear definition in this book, labor-saving technologies can be roughly divided into two types: enabling technologies and alternative technologies. Enabling technology is a technology that helps people to complete existing tasks more efficiently or creates new job opportunities for workers. Technology that makes jobs and skills redundant is called replacement technology (page 14).

According to the author’s example, if the steel quantity in 1929 is produced with the technology of 1890, the required workers are 1.25 million instead of 400,000. However, because the demand for steel is rising steadily, 800,000 extra people are rarely unemployed because of the mechanization development of the steel industry. In addition, computer-aided design software can make staff more efficient rather than replace them. However, the alternative technology is different, and the automatic elevator replaces the elevator operator. In the factory that produces cars, robots not only improve output, but also replace mechanical operators.

It is not difficult to see that both enabling technology and replacement technology can improve production efficiency and reduce costs. However, there is no clear distinction between the two. A labor-saving technology used in one field is enabling technology, and used in another field is probably replacing technology. As we have seen, the emergence of any new technology will impact the original production order and market demand.

From today’s point of view, as long as new technology can save labor, improve efficiency and reduce costs, it will be widely used and popularized in reality. However, in many times in history, this is not the case. For example, after the popularization of printing, the original scribe either specialized in copying short texts that were uneconomical to print, or became a bookbinder and designer. However, the Sultan Bayezid II, worried that literates would weaken his dominant position, issued a decree in 1485 prohibiting printing in Arabic in the Ottoman Empire.

"Technology Trap" holds that in the classical era, technology mainly served the public domain, rather than satisfying private interests. Rulers promote technological progress not to improve the efficiency of speculation, but to improve public works in order to improve their popularity and consolidate political power.

Therefore, technology at this time is a political tool, not serving economic interests. Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, the Roman emperor, was in power in 69-79 AD. At that time, if a big and heavy cylinder was transported from a mine to Rome, thousands of workers were needed and the expenses were huge. Someone told Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus that he had invented a device, which could greatly reduce the cost. But Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus refused to use it for fear that depriving the Romans of their jobs would lead to political instability.

Similar things happened in England in the 16th and 17th centuries and Germany in the 18th century. In 1589, Reverend William Li Faming bought a knitting machine for stockings. This labor replacement technology was of milestone significance at that time. However, the knitwear guild strongly resisted this new technology, and Queen Elizabeth I refused to grant him a patent right to avoid workers losing their jobs. William lee left England for this reason.

In 1623, the Privy Council of the United Kingdom ordered that the sewing machine be banned and the sewing needles made from it be destroyed. From 1685 to 1726, automatic looms were completely banned in Germany. In 1705, the French’s Dennis Papan invented the steam engine in Germany. His mentor and friend, the famous physicist gottfried leibniz, wrote to Hesse Kassel Elector, requesting that Papan’s ship be allowed to "pass without any trouble", but it was not approved. When Papan’s steamboat arrived in Minden, the boatmen’s guild tried to get the local judge to detain Papan’s boat, but it failed. After that, the boatmen attacked and destroyed Papan’s ship and smashed the steam engine. In the end, Papan died of poverty and was buried in an unknown grave.

In 1688, a glorious revolution took place in Britain. Political power was transferred from the king to the parliament, and businessmen gained more political discourse rights. Parliament began to defend the interests of businessmen more. Birmingham and Manchester used to be villages, but later they developed into towns, liberated from the rules of guilds and became the engines of the industrial revolution.

However, the situation in France is different. During the French Revolution in 1789, when Paris people stormed the Bastille, wool workers from Darnatal took advantage of the chaos, broke through the bridge of the Seine River guarded by the Wang family, and destroyed the machines near the factory of Da Saint-Cerf. Thirty machines of Caron Company were destroyed by mobs. In the suburb of Rouen, more than 700 Jenny spinning machines were destroyed.

However, the government was worried that this incident would worsen the situation in the country, so it did not send troops to quell it. French industrialists and inventors, on the other hand, do not believe that the government can protect their own interests, thus weakening their willingness to invest in machinery and industry. This situation from 1789 to 1799 affected the development of French economy.

The same is true in China. According to the observer Daniel J. McGovern’s record in 1886, Foshan merchants imported a large number of brass sheets from Birmingham, England, and sold them to producers to build brass utensils. Because some coppersmith’s job is to beat imported thick brass sheets into thin sheets, these thin copper sheets were returned to Hong Kong to avoid riots. An American Chinese imported a batch of efficient sewing machines to sew felt soles, but they were destroyed by local shoemakers.

Looking at the birth and development of new technology, it is often not limited to the superiority and performance of the technology itself, but the result of the tripartite game between labor, management and rulers, who are often the final arbiter. The standard of its ruling is often political stability, not just production efficiency. For workers, if new technologies can improve skills and increase income, they will be happy to adopt them; For the management, as long as it can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost, it is willing to adopt it; For rulers, new technology not only improves efficiency, but also benefits political stability.

Political power not only determines the authoritative distribution of major interests, but also determines whether new technologies can be popularized and used. In the triangular relationship among labor, management and ruler, the ruler has the strongest right to speak: when a new technology appears, when both labor and management agree, the ruler has no reason to oppose it, and if the ruler opposes it, the new technology will be difficult to popularize and use; When one side of labor and management agrees and the other side opposes, the support and opposition of the ruler determines whether this technology can be popularized.

02

Different consequences of the industrial revolution

It is generally believed that the first industrial revolution took place in the 1760s-1840s, marked by the widespread use of steam engines.

The second industrial revolution took place in the late 1960s, marked by the widespread use of electricity, when the United States replaced Britain as a technology leader.

The third industrial revolution began in the 1940 s and 1950 s, and major breakthroughs were made in the fields of atomic energy, computer, electronic technology, aerospace technology, molecular biology and genetic engineering.

The fourth industrial revolution is based on artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual reality, quantum information technology, controlled nuclear fusion, clean energy and biotechnology.

In 1769, Richard Ackerett and james watt applied for a patent for their invention, which is usually regarded as the beginning of the industrial revolution. In the previous decades, mechanization has begun and factories have appeared. The rise of international trade has intensified the competition among nation-states. The rising wages of British workers force the country to maintain its competitiveness through mechanization.

In 1716, John Lome sneaked into an Italian factory, quietly drew a machine pattern and shipped it back to England in silk. A year after returning to England from Italy, John Lome and his funded brother Thomas set up the first silk factory near Derbyshire-the twisting machine of the factory was made according to the drawings brought back from Italy.

Before the machine age, spinning cotton was time-consuming and laborious. In 1776, the second krom Ford cotton mill opened by Akelet opened. This factory uses hydraulic drive machines, which are arranged according to the production sequence, and its hydraulic spinning machine uses drum spinning, which reduces the labor cost by about two thirds, and finally reduces the total cost of woolen cotton by 20%. In addition, Akelet invented the carding machine.

James hargreaves, on the other hand, invented Jenny’s spinning machine, which is 70 times more expensive than a hand-spinning wheel, but much cheaper than Ackerett’s machine and takes up less space. In 1779, Samuel crompton invented the crompton-type spinning frame, which was quickly applied to factories. Spinning machine saves labor costs and replaces manual spinning workers. During this period, spinning machines continued to improve, with the goal of replacing men with women and children to reduce costs.

In the eyes of many people today, the steam engine promoted the industrial revolution. However, it took nearly 200 years from the earliest practical application of the steam engine to the obvious impact on economic development. In the late 17th century, Thomas savery, a British Cornwall officer, first applied atmospheric pressure. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine appeared. Because of its inherent defects, it was only used for coal mine drainage before 1770.

After james watt invented the separate condenser, the heat in the cylinder would not be lost in the condensation process. However, Watt’s steam engine was not widely used until several decades later, and it was not until the mid-19th century that it showed great economic impact-the steam engine was widely used in railway, iron and steel smelting, textile and other industries, which greatly improved the production efficiency.

The industrial revolution driven by technology has driven the British economy to take off, but the income distribution brought by growth is extremely uneven. Between 1759 and 1867, the proportion of the richest 5% people in the total income rose from 21% to 37%. In the early days of industrialization, the situation of many ordinary people became worse. Although the per capita income has increased, the income gap between ordinary people and the middle class is widening.

At the same time, some writers and scholars began to criticize machines and factories. Engels believed that the misfortune of the working class was brought about by the factory system. Defenders of mechanization argue that machines are a useful supplement to workers’ labor, and only when machines are popularized can newer and better-paid jobs emerge.

From 1811 to 1816, Luddite came into being. In Leicester, Ned Lourdes, a weaving apprentice, was scolded by his employer and picked up a hammer to smash the textile machine, thus the "Lourdeism" movement with the goal of destroying the machine arose. Luddites usually destroy only those machines that are "innovative" or threaten employment. They have carried out at least 100 separate actions and destroyed about 1,000 of the 25,000 machines.

In response, the British government sent troops to suppress it. In 1812 and 1813, more than 30 Luddites were hanged. The "Captain Swing" riot that broke out in 1830 was mainly aimed at agricultural machines. By the end of September and November, 492 machines were destroyed, most of which were threshers.

During the period of the industrial revolution, Britain was caught in an "Engel-style pause": the employers obtained the profits of enterprises and invested them in factories and machinery, while the wages of workers stagnated or even declined. Until a few decades later, the number of rich people increased, and the income of workers doubled. In the author’s view, this is because in the last decades of the industrial revolution, more complex machines appeared in factories, requiring more skilled workers, and technological changes changed from substitution to enablement, thus improving the bargaining power of skilled workers.

The technological leader of the second industrial revolution was the United States, and "Technology Trap" also projected its attention here. At the World Expo in Paris in 1867, Americans showed their technological progress: from telegraph and sewing machine to harvester and lawn mower. In 1882, Edison’s new york Pearl Street Power Station began to operate, and in the 30 years before the outbreak of World War I, the cost of household lighting decreased by 90%.

Many factories were electrified before 1900. Electric irons (introduced in 1893), vacuum cleaners (1907), washing machines (1907), ovens (1909), refrigerators (1916), dishwashers (1929), dryers (1938) and other electrical appliances have greatly facilitated the lives of American housewives. A large number of women are liberated from heavy housework and can go to work in factories, which not only increases the labor force in the United States, but also increases family income. The book "Fighting Industry: How America Won World War II" shows that during World War II, those civilian industries mobilized by the war and ordinary men and women who were trained in military production made the United States sing a triumphant song in the war and laid a solid foundation for the 30-year prosperity after the war.

On April 26th, 1956, Machlin’s "Ideal -X" began its first voyage from Newark Port to Houston Port, Texas, which was the first successful container shipping in history. Since then, container technology has laid the foundation for the second wave of globalization, which has profoundly changed the trade world. It is also the driving force of Smith-type growth (mainly relying on capital investment to achieve economic growth) and Schumpeter-type growth (increasing efficiency through scientific and technological progress and innovation).

The United States has also encountered the problem of unemployment caused by technology. During franklin roosevelt’s administration, the National Renaissance Administration issued 280 regulations, 36 of which contained restrictions on the installation of new machines. However, at a hearing on the impact of automation in 1955, no one objected to automation, and no one suggested limiting the use of machines. On the whole, technological development has created many new employment opportunities. The United States is not only richer, but also Schumpeter-style growth has made it more equal.

However, this trend was reversed in the 1980s. The wages of people with high school diplomas and below have been declining for more than 30 years, and the computer revolution has made the skills of workers who take care of machines obsolete. Engels-style pause reappeared. In many places, work was replaced by robots, and this area fell into decline. It is precisely because of the decline of the middle class that the number of moderate members in the US Congress has drastically decreased and politics has become polarized-"Conservatism and freedom have almost become synonymous with the Republican Party and the Democratic Party".

In addition, people are still worried that the concentration of wealth will undermine the legitimacy of democracy-high campaign costs will make elected officials more dependent on groups with stronger economic strength.

In the long run, technology will benefit everyone.

For example, in the United States today, the poorest families have also maintained a certain standard of living. However, in recent years, the distribution of benefits brought by computers and artificial intelligence is more biased towards employers. For example, "Technical Trap" says that there are 1.9 million heavy truck drivers and towed trailer drivers in the United States, and people are worried that after the technology of self-driving trucks is mature and put into use, it will bring a large number of layoffs. Once these drivers are replaced and placed in a situation where their careers or incomes are drastically reduced, they are likely to resist such alternative technologies.

03

How to avoid the technical trap?

From the perspective of human history, the prosperity and development of modern society is directly related to technological progress. After the industrial revolution, the development of technology has advanced by leaps and bounds, and everyone is enjoying its fruits-which makes the popularization and use of technology more legitimate.

The book "Technical Trap" shows that computers and artificial intelligence are more inclined to replace. This means that more skilled workers have lost their jobs, and their income will decrease whether they are re-employed or unemployed, which has led to the decline of the American middle class and the resulting political polarization.

Great technological inventions may bring huge economic benefits, but there is usually a long time lag. For example, this is the case with the steam engine invented by Watt. However, people’s life is short, and in these decades or even longer, one generation or even several generations will become the victims of the technical trap. In the previous human history, the displaced workers would resist these technologies, and the government could only restrict the use of new machines through policies for the sake of political stability.

How to avoid the technical trap? The methods proposed in this book include promoting major educational reforms and increasing investment in basic education; Provide retraining for the affected unemployed; Provide wage insurance; Expand the labor income tax credit; Reduce the control of reemployment; Help the unemployed to move to places where they have jobs; Expand housing supply and cancel zoning restrictions; Develop transportation to reduce commuting time; Industrial revival and so on.

It is not difficult to see that the impact of technology trap is not due to technology itself, but to the field of political economy. The distribution of wealth has always been a difficult problem. The United States with low taxes and low welfare and Denmark with high taxes and high welfare have their own advantages and disadvantages. The solution finally put forward in "Technical Trap" is nothing more than a temporary solution, but not a permanent solution.

However, the questions raised in this book are true: new technologies have improved efficiency and promoted economic growth, but for a period of time, some people have suffered losses because of the emergence of new technologies, and this influence is likely to accompany them for life.

However, the pursuit of labor saving and production efficiency is endless. It is difficult to find a perfect solution between technology based on the overall gift of human beings and the damage of some people’s interests, and probably only the lesser of the two evils can be achieved.

Original title: "Technology Trap: Invention and Impact"

Read the original text

Live delivery is not an independent delivery channel. After layer-by-layer analysis, we can find that there is actually a complete supply chain model behind live delivery. Looking at other industries, we will find that the supply chain plays an incomparable role in the industry.

“Oh my god！”

"Buy it! Buy it! Buy it! "

Li Jiaqi, who just graduated from university in 2015, is still a BA (shopping guide) of L ‘Oré al Nanchang. Perhaps he didn’t expect that Taobao’s Double Eleven live broadcast could bring more than 1 billion goods five years later.

At first, many people thought that the live broadcast with goods was just the TV shopping when I was a child and moved to the Internet, which completely underestimated the economy of live broadcast with goods. During the "Double Eleven" in 2019, live delivery became an important growth point.

According to the statistics of Kaidu Consulting, during the Double Eleven in 2019, 90% of brands started live broadcasting, and the number of broadcasting businesses increased by more than 200% year-on-year. According to the "2019 Taobao Live Ecological Development Trend Report" released by Taobao List and Taobao Live,In 2018, the Taobao live broadcast platform brought hundreds of billions of goods, with a year-on-year growth rate of nearly 400%.

In addition, according to data released by Alibaba, in FY 2019, 50% of Tmall merchants used real-time streaming media to interact with users, resulting in a total turnover of more than 100 billion yuan.At present, the live broadcast of goods is that the anchor and fans form community marketing, and then the fans’ needs are directly passed on to the manufacturers, which is essentially different from TV shopping..

Since 2019, more and more people have participated in the game of live delivery. A top anchor like Viya has her own factory and cooperates with more than 40 factories, some of which deliver an average of 20,000 orders for Viya every day, but this is only a part of all her clothing orders.

In the face of huge economic benefits, the live broadcast supply chain has also formed a new species of supply chain system. The live broadcast supply chain has as many as 10 modes, including brand collection mode, factory production mode and boutique combination mode.

In Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other coastal areas, as long as there is a large enough warehouse, part of it is used as a live exhibition room, and then the goods selection area, the exhibition area and even the warehouse are separated in turn, thus satisfying the three elements of "people, goods and fields" in retail.Such a "supply chain base" is being rapidly replicated in the anchor. Closer to the goods, closer to the anchor, that is closer to the needs of consumers.

Compared with the traditional supply chain model, online celebrity, as the demand (shopping guide) end, is directly connected with the production end of products, eliminating the carrier of retailers. The original clothing wholesale business was disrupted by these "supply chain bases" brought by the anchors.

Zhejiang is a traditional distribution center for small commodities and clothing wholesale. Traditional clothing processing has always been the depth of the supply chain, which means that one style produces thousands of pieces, and it is enough to produce several such explosions in a season. And an anchor like Viya, the factory makes 30,000 pairs of jeans a day, and they sell them out in one night. The change of consumers’ shopping style directly affects the response speed of supply chain, the delivery speed of logistics and the digestion cycle of inventory. If the new model is not sold out in one month, it may be unsalable.

Supported by huge traffic nodes and driven by live broadcast, network anchors integrate consumers, e-commerce platforms, suppliers, factories, brands and online celebrity institutions (MCN) together, forming a huge supply chain network system, which is mutually cooperative and fast iterative.

This is the value brought by the supply chain with live broadcast to e-commerce, but the live broadcast supply chain is only a new species of the traditional supply chain. Supply chain management means that the operation of the supply chain is optimized, and the supply chain is made from the beginning of procurement to the satisfaction of the end customers at the least cost.

In the traditional supply chain process, there is a carrier (retail company) to purchase goods (source) from the source of production in advance, put them in the warehouse, and deliver and reorder according to the needs of customers. If you can, you can imagine that the simplest supply chain is the canteen downstairs in the community.

However, if the products are enlarged, for example, there are 80,000 SKUs (product bar codes) and 2,000 stores, then this is not a simple matter, and an extremely complex and systematic supply chain management system is needed.Apple, which has no production line, can get 58.5% profit from every iPhone it sells.It is no exaggeration to say that supply chain management, like product research and development, is a value chain gold mine for enterprises.

At the shareholders’ meeting of Hailan House in April, 2019, Zhou Jianping, the chairman of the board, clashed with the shareholders attending the meeting. The fuse was that investors questioned the high inventory of Hailan House. By the end of 2018,The inventory of Hailan House is 9.47 billion yuan, equivalent to three times the annual profit, up 980 million yuan from the end of last year and up 11.55% year-on-year..

In fact, this situation is not unique to Hailan House. Statistics show that as of September 30, 2018, among the 85 A-share textile and garment enterprises, 81 had an inventory of over 100 million yuan and 20 had an inventory of over 1 billion yuan.The total inventory of 85 textile and garment enterprises is as high as 98.564 billion yuan, which is higher than their total net profit of 17.251 billion yuan, and the inventory of almost all enterprises is much higher than their net profit.. High inventory is like the sword of Damocles hanging high, which will fall at any time and put the enterprise to death.

It can be said that whoever solves the problem of high inventory and reduces the inventory of enterprises is creating huge profits for enterprises.

Starbucks has more than 16,700 retail stores in 51 countries around the world, and about 5 million customers come to spend money every week.

In the early 1990s, Starbucks just went public, raised capital, and opened more than 1,000 stores in the United States in just 5-6 years. At the same time, the whole planning and supply system is still manual, and stores and buyers communicate with each other by calling from a distance through voice messages.

From the sales of one hundred million dollars to 700 million dollars, on the one hand, stores and businesses are developing rapidly, and on the other hand, manual and traditional communication methods are used. It is really common for stores to lack beans.

In this extraordinary period, Starbucks really survived with the unusual passion of its employees. Once the beans in any store were in a hurry, the manager of the nearby store grabbed a bag of bean human flesh and drove it over.

Tim Duffy, then head of Starbucks’ supply chain system, said:

"When you have more than 2,000 stores, we can’t send beans back and forth with 2,000 human flesh express."

Therefore, since 1995, Starbucks decided to upgrade the whole supply chain system, involving the end-to-end planning of the whole supply chain information system, from planning and forecasting to capacity management, production control, order execution, warehouse and distribution system, database management and transportation management.

Finally, Starbucks established a global coordinated supply chain. Starbucks has to go through 24 hands from coffee beans from all continents to a cup of ground coffee. Starbucks has implemented a complete evaluation system and database for suppliers, which can accurately evaluate the performance of each supplier and use the demand forecasting system to predict the replenishment of coffee in stores.

A strong supply chain supports the expansion of Starbucks. In 1999, Starbucks opened its first store in Beijing International Trade Center. By 2019, Starbucks had opened 4,100 stores in 168 cities.

It can be said that without strong supply chain support, there would be no Starbucks today..

On April 12, 2018, Liu Qiangdong said, "JD.COM is not an e-commerce company. We are a company that uses technology to build supply chain services, and we use technology to provide supply chain services for our brands! This is why we have spent more than ten years investing in building a logistics system. "

In 2017, the scale of online retail in the United States was less than $500 billion, while that in China exceeded $1.1 trillion. The largest retail company in the United States is not Amazon, but Wal-Mart, and even by 2017, the proportion of online retail will be about 8%. China, on the other hand, is a different story. The largest retailer is JD.COM, and the proportion of online retailing exceeds 16%, almost double that of the United States.

Wal-Mart is known as a supermarket for the poor, because it has established a global supply chain and logistics system, and goods can go directly from factories to stores, and then directly to final consumers. However, the goods bought by domestic consumers are constantly spread to the terminal stores by the brand through the first-class agents, and the price increase and logistics cost of intermediate transfer are finally reflected in the commodity price, and the user pays the bill.

In addition to its own self-operated e-commerce business, JD.COM has quickly transformed itself into the retail infrastructure of China through its supply chain and logistics advantages built over the past ten years. So now supermarkets, restaurants and pharmacies in any city in China can be delivered to consumers through Jingdong Logistics.

Today, with big data and cloud computing, the combination of data and supply chain will make JD.COM a smart supply chain.

Smart supply chain makes the comprehensive expense ratio of self-operated retail in JD.COM less than 10%. What is this concept?At present, there are only a few two or three companies in the world that can achieve a comprehensive expense ratio of 10%. One of them is Costco of the United States, and its expense ratio is less than 10%.It can achieve a good profit with a gross profit margin of 11-12%. And most of our retailers in China and all over the world need more than 20% to make a profit, that is, the cost is about 15% to 20%.

What is the measure of our supply chain efficiency? Today, JD.COM manages more than 500 logistics centers in China alone, and the number of our products in the warehouse is close to 5 million, while our traditional retailers generally manage 150,000 SKUs. The management difficulty of 5 million SKUs is not 30 times that of 150,000 SKUs, but may be 300 times. It is not a linear increase, but an increase in geometric index. It can be said that Liu Qiangdong is right, and JD.COM is a technology supply chain company.

The cost of socialized supply chain in our country accounts for about 18% of GDP.This is the figure in 2016, but Europe and the United States are only about 7% to 8%, and Japan can achieve 5% to 6%. Our country has a huge manufacturing industry and a large number of brand owners. Everyone has worked hard to do business, and the quality of goods is good. The gross profit margin looks high, but the result is that they don’t make money, and they are all wasted and lost by inefficient supply chains.

The GDP growth of China in 2019 is 6.1%. It is foreseeable that this incremental curve will become smoother and smoother, and it will be difficult for enterprises to make money. To survive in the fierce competition, it is the product and operating costs.

Whoever does a good job in the supply chain is saving costs for enterprises, saving costs for enterprises and increasing profits for enterprises.

And this is the value brought by the supply chain.

　
This article was originally published by @explorer. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Spring Festival travel rush in 2025 will begin on January 14th. Recently, the Ministry of Public Security combined with the characteristics of road traffic accidents in Spring Festival travel rush in previous years to judge the traffic safety situation in Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, and issued traffic safety tips.

Based on the characteristics of traffic trip, road freight flow and meteorological forecast, Spring Festival travel rush road traffic safety will face five outstanding risks in 2025:

Risk of accidents in self-driving travel. Relevant departments predict that the scale of cross-regional self-driving trips in Spring Festival travel rush this year is expected to reach about 7.2 billion person-times, with high probability of fatigue driving, distracted driving, speeding and overcrowding, and prominent traffic safety risks.

Travel safety risks. The Spring Festival holiday has been extended to 8 days, and the number of visiting relatives and traveling has increased significantly. Some families choose to "take a car off without stopping", which may easily lead to driving in a state of physical fatigue and pose safety risks.

Risk of passenger and cargo transportation interweaving. This year, the peak of road passenger transport in Spring Festival travel rush will show the characteristics of "coming early and taking a long time". The demand for short-distance passenger transport, tourist passenger transport, and personalized travel such as car rental, carpooling, car rental and car rental in different places will be released centrally, and the risk points will increase. There is a strong demand for freight transportation such as energy supply and people’s livelihood materials, and passenger and cargo transportation are intertwined, which increases security risks. In particular, before the Spring Festival, "rushing to work" and "rushing to transport" and after the Lantern Festival, "opening the door", "Dora running" and fatigue driving are frequent, and the risk of causing trouble is outstanding.

Traffic safety risks in rural areas. Rural areas have entered the period when the traffic volume of people and vehicles is the most concentrated in a year, and the traffic environment is more complicated. There are more trips such as going to fairs, visiting relatives and friends, and more accidents and violations such as drunk driving, driving without a license and speeding. Some returnees do not adapt to the narrow mountain roads, steep bends and steep slopes, and are prone to traffic accidents.

Traffic safety risks in bad weather. The weather situation in winter is complicated and changeable, with frequent low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather, which has a great impact on traffic and safety in Spring Festival travel rush.

Ministry of public security tips

When traveling by car, you should know the traffic conditions, weather forecast and safety tips in advance, arrange the travel time and route reasonably, and try your best to travel at the wrong peak.

Check the condition of the car in advance before going out, concentrate on driving, don’t be distracted, don’t overspeed and don’t drive tired. Keep in mind that "don’t drive after drinking, don’t drink while driving", and don’t drunk driving.

During the internship, drivers should carefully choose long-distance self-driving travel. When driving on the expressway, you should always keep a safe distance. In case of congestion or slow-moving sections, don’t cut in at will, don’t occupy the emergency lane, and if there is a traffic accident or failure, you should "pull over and call the police when people evacuate".

Pay attention to the signs and signs when driving out of the expressway exit, drive on the right side in advance, and do not brake suddenly, stop suddenly, change lanes or reverse at the exit. When driving on urban roads, you should pay attention to observing the road conditions and maintain a safe speed. Don’t let your guard down and overspeed because of the decrease in traffic. When passing through signalless intersections or zebra crossings, you should slow down in advance to ensure safe passage. When driving on rural roads, in case of sharp bends, steep slopes, long downhill roads and roads facing water and cliffs, you should slow down and avoid overtaking in corners.

When passing through the village and town, you should pay attention to the vehicles and pedestrians on both sides of the road and make way according to the regulations. The line of sight is poor in the early morning and evening. When driving, pay attention to the pedestrians on the road and try to drive on the middle line.

In case of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather, try to reduce self-driving travel. If it is really necessary to travel by car, it is necessary to reduce the speed and control the distance, and do not rush to the direction or brake to prevent the vehicle from slipping out of control or rear-end collision.

When the road is covered with snow or ice, you should try to drive along the rut track of the preceding car, do not accelerate overtaking, and take measures in advance when you need to stop.

When traveling by passenger vehicles, you should choose regular operating buses. Don’t take "black cars" or overcrowded buses outside the station, and don’t take non-passenger vehicles such as light trucks, tricycles and tractors. Fasten your seat belts all the way.

(CCTV reporter Li Wei)

　　The press in Shijiazhuang was greatly influenced by the Beijing-Tianjin press. In the early 1930s, there were nine foreign newspapers stationed in Shijiazhuang, and the sales of foreign newspapers in Shijiazhuang were also increasing. According to the statistics of Ta Kung Pao reporters in Shijiazhuang, "Tianjin Ta Kung Pao has the largest sales volume, with a daily sales volume of more than 200 copies; More than ten copies of the newspaper; More than 30 copies of Oriental Daily; Shanghai declared more than 30 copies; More than ten news reports; Seventy copies of Beijing (Tianjin) Yishi newspaper; Fifty copies of the vernacular newspaper; Forty small daily newspapers; The rest of North China Daily, World Daily, Qunqiang Daily, Beijing Daily, Morning News, Morning News, Shih Pao and Pinbao have sold more than 50 copies. Since then, it has become more prosperous. " Faced with the pressure from other places, local newspapers in Shijiazhuang compete with foreign newspapers in publishing content, distribution channels and sales prices. At the same time, there is competition among several local newspapers. Whoever wins the first place in layout and printing quality will cause dissatisfaction and tension among other newspapers.

　　Li Huimin reporter An Wenlian

　　The Beijing-Tianjin press has a great influence on Shijiazhuang newspapers.

　　Several local newspapers in Shijiazhuang can’t compete with the newspapers in big cities in terms of overall content, especially domestic and foreign news reports and comments.

　　Before the "July 7th Incident", the sources of important international and domestic news and commentary of all local newspapers came from the Central News Agency. After the fall of Shijiazhuang, most of the important international and domestic news and commentary articles that newspapers can use came from the telegrams of the Japanese "Allied Society"; After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the important international and domestic news and commentary contents of newspapers mainly copied the news recorded by the Kuomintang Central News Agency by radio.

　　At that time, Shijiazhuang already had the conditions to send news by telegraph to foreign journalists. The charge for Chinese telegrams was two cents and five cents per word, while that for foreign news telegrams was five cents per word. However, the utilization rate of local newspapers was not high, and most of the users were accredited journalists from foreign newspapers. Later, each newspaper had its own receiver, which could receive and translate telegrams at any time. In 1946, Shimen Daily often published all kinds of news at home and abroad in the name of "the report of the first radio room of this newspaper". Local news is generally contributed by special correspondents of local newspapers abroad, while a large amount of news in some tabloids relies on editing and editing of big newspaper news, with Shanghai News, Guangzhou News and Nanjing News as the news headers, serving as important news sources.

　　Every newspaper has "visitors"

　　In the competition of newspaper content, Shijiazhuang newspapers can only be reflected in local news, making a big fuss about local authorities’ notices, social trends, commercial ups and downs, cases of robbery and robbery, anecdotes of entertainers and civil conflict lawsuits.

　　Newspapers generally have "reporters", and most of them get information materials from chambers of commerce, police stations, trade associations and other departments or organs. During the Republic of China, Mr. Di Zhong, who worked as a reporter and editor in several newspapers in Shijiazhuang, said in his memoirs that the main organs and units he interviewed in that year were the social science department, the education department, the administrative department of the municipal police station, the court, the publicity department of the 11th Commission, the municipal chamber of commerce, banks, banks and Daxing cotton mill.

　　In the 1930s, Business Daily systematically reported the contents of all previous meetings of Shimen Chamber of Commerce and trade associations, and tracked and reported all kinds of notices and cases detected by the police station in detail. At that time, the number of employees in newspapers was generally small, and often one person held several jobs, working as a reporter, editing and even proofreading. After the Kuomintang took over the Shimen Daily, "there are only one or two reporters, and seven or eight articles have to be handed in every day". Therefore, it is extremely common to reprint the contents of other newspapers or simply edit and process some ready-made articles provided by local authorities.

　　Due to the shortage of reporters who go out to interview, the shortage of press releases, and the lack of professional quality and social responsibility of journalists, some hearsay news is compiled and distributed to newspapers without any investigation and verification, which leads to the low quality of most newspaper manuscripts and the phenomenon of inaccurate news often occurs. For example, when the People’s Liberation Army annihilated Hu Zongnan and his men and recovered Yan ‘an, the press release issued by Shijiazhuang newspaper still said that "Yan ‘an was impregnable and the communists suffered heavy casualties". On the eve of the liberation of Shijiazhuang, the third army of Chiang Kai-shek’s direct forces was completely annihilated in the battle of Qingfengdian in Baoding, and all the commanders and deputy commanders were captured alive. However, the press release still ignored the facts and reported that the national army had won a total victory and the third army had successfully returned to Shijiazhuang.

　　Pursuing the effect, reporting the adventure and novelty

　　Anecdotes and anecdotes are a means for newspapers to attract readers. During the Republic of China, Shijiazhuang newspapers "described in detail the incidents of murder, fire, grand theft, grand fraud, etc. reported from police stations, courts or social contacts, so as to make people feel sensational, thus attracting readers and expanding newspaper distribution."

　　In order to increase the attractiveness of newspapers, some newspapers even paid the price of distortion. At that time, people in the press unilaterally believed that the more thrilling and bizarre it was, the more newsworthy it was. Therefore, during the Republic of China, unconventional social news topics were common in Shijiazhuang newspapers, some of which were simply to cater to them.

　　The general public class people’s curiosity reading preferences, and some also published some "articles touting celebrities or prostitutes." In 1933, in order to attract the public’s attention, Shimen Daily held the first evaluation of famous prostitutes in Shimen, and selected 12 famous prostitutes in Shimen, including President of Huaguo, Vice President of Huaguo, based on flowers, Baoxing, Venus, Silver Star, Red Star, Yellow Star, Blue Star, White Star, Purple Star and Yaxing. In the news published in the newspaper, many reports are about cases of theft, hooliganism, drug abuse, gambling and assassination in urban society.

　　In the Business Daily in 1930s, you can often see reports of social disputes and lawsuits such as Why Hit a Woman in the Face Again, Son Fraudulent Mother, A Girl’s Weird Behaviour Senses Tourists, How can a Crazy Woman Make a scene in Wu Gong Temple, and Coal-black Staging of Men’s and Women’s Martial Arts Drama. In order to pursue the news attraction, newspapers are inevitably mixed with mud and sand, which seriously pollutes the social and cultural air. Therefore, during the Republic of China, all kinds of newspapers in Shijiazhuang generally had the characteristics of "except exaggeration and distortion, they are dazzling".

　　When running a newspaper in vernacular Chinese, use the comma to the end.

　　In the early 1930s, Shimen Daily was published in four editions, the first edition was news, the second edition was a serial of novels, the third edition was a supplement and the fourth edition was social news. Zheng Yan Bao also has four editions, but the layout is slightly different. The second edition is a supplement and the third edition is a special supplement.

　　In the late 1930s, Shimen New Newspaper was published in folio every day. Later, due to a slight shortage of paper sources, it was changed to folio every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, and folio every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. The first edition is news, the second edition is local news, the third edition is local news, and the fourth edition is a supplement. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the first edition of Shimen Daily is news and editorials at home and abroad, the second edition is social news of this city, the third edition is a supplement, and the fourth edition is an advertisement. Awakening People Daily, founded in 1945, is also a tabloid with four editions and four editions, without its own characteristics.

　　In 1928, the National Government stipulated the unified use of punctuation marks. Since then, Shijiazhuang newspapers and periodicals have been founded, and all of them are in ordinary vernacular, so it is not difficult to read broken sentences. However, the general use of punctuation in newspapers is often a tease to the end, with commas in the whole paragraph, or a sentence to the end, or a full stop in the whole paragraph. From the aspect of layout design, the first edition of the newspaper has 14 columns, each column is 120 lines with 10 words in each row. Most newspapers have always been mechanical and lack artistry, and the text is arranged vertically from right to left. At that time, newspapers were all printed with movable type, and there was no paper type. When the type was continuously worn, the handwriting was often blurred and the printing quality was relatively poor. In the 1930s, some small newspapers often used different font sizes because of their incomplete font sizes. For example, titles of different sizes often appear in Business Daily, which seriously affects the aesthetic effect of the layout. After the 1940s, especially in some big newspapers, there have been obvious changes in newspaper type, edition number, opening, layout arrangement, edition design, title making and so on.

First, the main procedures for the election of party branches

1. Election preparation

(1) Write a report for instructions on re-election of the Party branch committee to the higher party organization. Before the general election, the Party branch committee should hold a general party membership meeting meeting to discuss and make a resolution on the general election and re-election, and write a report on asking the higher party organizations to re-elect the Party branch committee. The main contents of the request report include: the establishment time and expiration time of the current Party branch committee, when the general election will be held, and the number of members, secretaries and deputy secretaries of the next Party branch committee and the election method. After the approval of the higher-level party organization, the preparations for the election can be started.

(2) Prepare the work report of the Party branch committee. It is necessary to hold a meeting of the Party branch committee, conduct collective research on how to draft the work report, draw up an outline and designate drafters. In drafting the work report, we should listen to the opinions of the masses inside and outside the Party, fully affirm the achievements, and find out the problems existing in the work and the new ideas and methods for improving the work. After full discussion and revision, we will finally submit them to the Party branch committee for discussion and approval.

(3) Conduct election education. Party branches should educate party member in four aspects by organizing life and necessary meetings: first, the education of the party’s democratic centralism; The second is to educate the guiding ideology of the branch meeting; Third, the education of cadre policies and standards; The fourth is the education of correctly exercising democratic rights.

(4) brewing to determine candidates. Candidates must be determined through full deliberation and discussion between party organizations and voters. Its form can be nominated by party member or the party group first, and the opinions of the party branch Committee will be put forward after careful deliberation; It can also be nominated by the Party branch committee and submitted to the party group and party member for deliberation and discussion. When planning and determining the candidates for Party branch committee members, we must fully consider the work needs, work ability and political and ideological performance; The candidates attending the Party Congress at the next higher level must be advanced, pure and representative, and can fully reflect all aspects of the branch and the voices and demands of party member and groups.

(5) Determine the election method of the General Assembly. The Party branch committee shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of party constitution and the actual situation of this branch, formulate specific election methods from the perspective of promoting inner-party democracy and reflecting the will of voters. Its contents include: it is necessary to make clear the basis for formulating election methods; The content, number of places and the number of differential elections of the general assembly election; The method of selecting candidates and the order of arrangement; Election method; The method of drawing ballot papers and the provisions on determining whether they are valid or invalid; Methods for the selection of scrutineers and tellers; The specific requirements and practices of voting; Determine the provisions of the election of the elected people and the order of the elected people. The election method needs to be submitted to the higher party organization for approval.

(6) Printing ballot papers, preparing ballot boxes and arranging election venues. Ballot papers should be uniform and not marked or marked. The list of candidates should be arranged in the order of surname strokes (pre-selected candidates can be arranged in the order of the number of votes). At the same time, spaces equal to the number of places to be elected should be listed for the electors to fill in when choosing others. The ballot paper should be stamped with the seal of the branch or the seal of the branch. The layout of the venue should be solemn and simple.

2. Election procedure

(1) Count the number of people and confirm the election qualification. The election meeting was presided over by the last Party branch committee. Before announcing the meeting, the host should first count the number of people attending the meeting in party member. After the inventory, it is necessary to report the results to all party member, indicating the total number of party member in this branch, including the number of party member who have the right to vote and stand for election; The actual number of people attending the meeting is party member, including party member who has the right to vote and be elected. Only when party member, who actually has the right to vote, exceeds four-fifths of the number of people who should attend the meeting, can the meeting be declared valid and can be held, otherwise the meeting will be invalid.

(2) Make a work report to the General Assembly. The report of the Party branch committee to the branch general party membership meeting is an important agenda of the general election meeting. After the report is discussed by all party member and adopted by the branch general party membership meeting, the Party branch committee shall copy the work report in duplicate, one for the higher party organization and the other for the document file of the Party branch.

(3) through the election method and the staff of scrutinizing and counting votes. The election method proposed by the Party branch committee shall be submitted to party member for deliberation after being approved in principle by the higher-level party organization and before the branch general party membership meeting formally votes, and then passed by a show of hands. The election staff for scrutineering and counting of votes at the General Assembly may be nominated by party member or put forward a list of suggestions by the Party branch committee, but no matter who nominates, it must be approved by the branch general party membership meeting by a show of hands. Neither the members of this Party branch nor the candidates of the next Party branch committee are suitable to serve as election staff. The scrutineers are responsible for supervising the whole process of the election. The tellers work under the supervision of the scrutineers.

(4) Publish the list of candidates and introduce the candidates. Before the official election, the Party branch committee should announce the list of candidates to general party membership meeting Branch, and truthfully introduce the recommendation process of the list of candidates and the resume, work performance, main advantages and disadvantages of each candidate, so as to help party member understand the candidates more comprehensively. If party member makes an inquiry, the Party branch committee should make necessary explanations and explanations to party member; At the request of the electors, the candidates may introduce themselves and explain themselves and answer questions raised by the electors.

(5) Distribute and fill in the ballot papers. Under the supervision of scrutineers, the tellers accurately check the number of people participating in the election and the number of votes, and then distribute the votes to party member, who has the right to vote at the meeting, and report to the conference host. After the ballot papers are distributed, the scrutineer will explain the matters needing attention and requirements to party member, and then party member will fill in the ballot papers. There are five points to pay attention to when filling in the ballot paper: First, the ballot paper shall not be altered or torn, and generally it will not be replaced if it is filled in, and it will be treated as waiver or invalidation; Second, the electors cannot attend the meeting for some reason and cannot entrust others to fill it out on their behalf; Third, party member can abstain from voting, but it should be decided carefully; Fourth, you can’t choose another person after abstaining from voting, and you can choose another person after voting against it; Fifth, electors can vote for themselves in the election.

(6) Voting and invoicing. Before voting, ballot boxes should be inspected by election staff in public, and sealed in public after confirmation. The voting sequence is that the election staff will vote first, and then party member will vote one by one. If there is no ballot box, the scrutineers can take back the votes one by one. After the voting, the scrutineers opened the ballot boxes in public and counted the number of votes taken back. If the votes recovered are equal to or less than the votes issued, the election is valid; If more votes are collected than issued, the election is invalid.

(7) Judge the elected person by counting votes. Counting votes means recording all the votes of candidates and other candidates by singing and recording votes, and counting the number of votes of each person accordingly, and judging the winner according to regulations. First, when an election is held in general party membership meeting Branch, the number of people who have the right to vote exceeds four fifths of the number who should attend the meeting, and the meeting is valid. Elected people can only be elected if they get more than half of the votes in favor. Second, when the number of elected people is more than the number of places to be elected, the one with the most votes will be elected. Third, when more than half of the candidates are less than the number of places to be elected, only the vacancies need to be by-elected, and there is no need to choose all of them. For the by-election of vacancies, a differential election may be held among the candidates who have won more than half of the votes. If it is close to the number of places to be elected, it can also reduce the number of places and stop the election; Fourth, in case of an equal number of votes, if the winner cannot be determined, the candidate with an equal number of votes shall be re-voted, and the one with more votes shall be elected. Fifth, if a non-candidate gets more than half of the votes and the number of votes is within the range of the number of candidates to be elected, it should be valid and elected. Sixth, if the number of votes of the candidates has just reached half but not more than half, they cannot be elected. Seventh, if the ballot paper is altered or torn, and the candidate cannot be confirmed, it will be treated as invalid.

(8) Announce the election results and seal up the ballot papers. After counting the votes, the scrutineers shall sign the results of counting the votes, announce the votes of the candidates in public, announce the list of elected persons, and explain that the list of elected persons shall take effect after being approved by the superiors. After the election, the election staff should count and seal the votes, hand them over to the newly-created Party branch committee for filing, and destroy them after being kept for a period of time with the permission of their superiors.

3. Post-election work

(1) Hold the first meeting of the new Party branch committee to determine the division of labor of Party branch members. After the election meeting, the first meeting of the new Party branch committee should be held in time. The meeting shall be presided over by a newly elected member recommended by the members of the branch Committee. The main content of the meeting is to elect the secretary and deputy secretary of the party branch and study the division of labor among the members of the party branch.

(2) report the election results to the higher party organizations. The Party branch committee shall report the election meeting to the higher party organization in writing, and report the division of labor of the members of the Party branch committee to the higher party organization for approval and filing.

(3) Do a good job in ideological and political work of unsuccessful candidates. It is normal for some candidates to lose the election by difference. It is necessary to educate party member, who lost the election, to treat himself correctly, to find out the reasons for his failure and the ways to improve his work, to further do his work well, and to give full play to party member’s due vanguard and exemplary role.

(Party branch secretarymagazineAuthorized People’s Daily Online-the Communist Party of China (CPC) Press Release, please do not reprint.) 　 　

> > > Click to enter the "National Party Construction Journal Expo"

Project overview:

Potential bidders of the "2025-2026 security outsourcing service" project should obtain the procurement documents through "online acquisition" and submit the bidding documents before 10:30 (Beijing time) on May 21st, 2025.

Project number:BSQ25C00036

Project name:Security outsourcing services in 2025-2026

Purchasing method:open tendering

Budget amount:1,917,000.00 yuan

Maximum price: 1,917,000.00 yuan.

Procurement requirements:

Term of performance of the contract:See the procurement documents for details.

Whether the project accepts the consortium:no

II. Qualification requirements of the applicant

1. Meet the provisions of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

2, the implementation of government procurement policy to meet the qualification requirements:

(a) to meet the provisions of article twenty-second of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipal Government Procurement Law;

(two) the implementation of government procurement policies to meet the qualification requirements:

This project is specially designed for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the bidder shall provide services such as "Statement Letter for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" or "Certificate Document for Prison Enterprises" or "Statement Letter for Welfare Units for Disabled Persons".

）。

3. Specific qualification requirements of this project:

The bidder shall have a Security Service Permit within the validity period. (Provide a copy of the certificate and affix the official seal of the bidder).

III. Location, method, time limit and selling price of obtaining public bidding documents

Time limit for obtaining documents: April 28, 2025 to May 8, 2025.

Every morning from 09:00:00 to 12:00:00 and from 14:00:00 to 18:00:00. (Beijing time, except legal holidays)

Document purchase fee: 0.00 yuan/package

Where to get the file: online.

Mode or matter:

IV. Submission of Bidding Documents

Time for submission of bid documents: 10:30 on May 20, 2025.

Deadline for submission of bid documents: 10:30 on May 21st, 2025.

Submission place of bidding documents: this project is submitted online. Bidders use the client-side bidding tools provided by the platform to prepare bidding documents before the bidding deadline, and then log in to the "Chongqing Municipal Government Procurement Network" to enter the "Online Bid Opening" column and submit them in the "My Bidding Project → Online Bidding" section.

V. Bid Opening Information

Time for bid opening: May 21, 2025 at 10:30.

Place of bid opening: This project adopts the online bid opening method, and the bidder can remotely participate in the bid opening (necessary equipment for bid opening: CA certificate, laptop with wireless Internet access (camera, microphone and sound card are required), wireless network card, etc.) in Chongqing Municipal Government Procurement Website →→→→→→ Personal Center →→→ Online Bid Evaluation Hall, but the bidder fails to decrypt the electronic bid documents or participate in the bid opening within the specified time due to his own reasons.

Sixth, the announcement period

5 working days from the date of this announcement.

VII. Other Supplementary Matters

1. If the bidder fails to decrypt the electronic bidding documents within the specified time (the default time is 30 minutes, which can be extended/changed according to the on-site response):

(1) If the decryption time is affected by the objective reasons of the whole electronic system of government procurement, the purchaser/procurement agency may extend the decryption time according to the actual situation on site. If the bidder still can’t decrypt it, the bidder can apply to the purchaser/procurement agency to enable the method of uploading unencrypted electronic backup files as a remedial measure; If the bidder neither decrypts nor provides the unencrypted electronic backup file as a remedial measure within the specified time, it shall be deemed that the bidder voluntarily gives up the bidding qualification for the project.

(2) If the decryption work is not completed due to the bidder’s subjective reasons, and the effective unencrypted backup file is not provided within the specified time, it will be deemed that the bidder cancels the bid document after the deadline for submitting the bid document, and the response is invalid, and the bidder shall not participate in the subsequent procurement activities of this project. If the project provides a deposit, the deposit deduction will not be refunded.

2. This project adopts the whole process of electronic bidding. All bidders should be familiar with the whole process of electronic bid opening and evaluation of government procurement. For specific e-procurement rules and operation instructions, please download the attachment of the project announcement, Process Manual for Bidders to Deal with Formal CA Signature of Chongqing Whole-process Electronic Bidding Project, Supplier Operation Manual for Whole-process Electronic Procurement System of Government Procurement (CA Certificate Signature Edition) and Software Installation Manual for Suppliers of Government Procurement (CA Edition), and operate according to their requirements.

3. This project specifies the information of the special account for paying the bid bond.

VIII. Contact information

1, the purchaser information

Purchaser: Second People’s Hospital of Bishan District, Chongqing.

Purchasing Agent: Deng Shengqian

Buyer’s Tel: 13983499841

Purchaser’s address: No.238 Huimin Road, Dingjia Street, Bishan District, Chongqing

2. Information of purchasing agency

Agency: Chongqing Bishan District Public Resource Trading Center.

Agent: Miss Li.

Agency Tel: 41660583

Agency address: 3rd floor, Zone A, Administrative Service Center, No.1 Tieshan Road, Biquan Street, Bishan District, Chongqing.

3. Project contact information

Project Contact: Wang Shaoyu

Telephone number of project contact person: 15823188858

IX. Annexes

　　▲ This is the China Literature Museum in Anyang, Henan Province (taken by drone on October 18th).

　　▲ Tourists watch the exhibition of Bu Jia at Yinxu Museum in Anyang, Henan Province (photo taken on October 12, 2018).

　　 Chen Nan, a professor and doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, shows the Oracle Bone Inscriptions emoticon he designed and released in his studio in Tsinghua University (photo taken on September 24th).

　　▼ Archaeologist Liu Yiman pointed to the restored Oracle bone pit in the East of the Garden Village in Yinxu Museum, Anyang, Henan Province, and introduced the situation during the excavation (photo taken on October 14, 2018).

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Ang Lee photo

　　On the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, a remarkable commemorative activity was held in the Great Hall of the People.

　　"Today’s mountains and rivers are effective, and it has been leaked for three thousand years, and it is suitable for my life. Therefore, it is my responsibility to spread it and stay away." More than a century ago, when Luo Zhenyu, a scholar, first saw Oracle bones, he was shocked and delighted, and his feelings reflected the aspirations of China intellectuals. Since then, generations of Oracle Bone Inscriptions researchers have been searching up and down, determined to crack the code of ancient civilization.

　　After 120 years, the value of Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s and later generations’ characters is being cherished more and more. As the carrier and witness of the inheritance of Chinese civilization, Chinese characters have evolved for more than 3,000 years without changing their shape. With strong national cohesion and endless history, they have confirmed the footprints of the Chinese nation’s progress and demonstrated its outstanding wisdom and great innovative spirit.

　　The origin of Chinese characters

　　Inheritance of Chinese genes

　　Located in Anyang, Henan, China Chinese Language Museum, a Chinese character class for kindergarten classes is going on.

　　On the screen, several Oracle Bone Inscriptions characters such as "Man", "Day" and "Tian" are displayed, which are very close to modern Chinese characters in terms of glyphs, and some children hesitate to read them out one after another. When the teacher told them that it was written by their ancestors more than 3,000 years ago, with a pair of eyes that widened instantly, the whispers merged into a neat "wow".

　　"Since the Oracle Bone School was opened, similar scenes have occurred repeatedly regardless of whether the participants are adults or children." Yang Junhui, head of the Oracle Bone School of China Literature Museum, said that many people discovered the magic of Chinese characters here for the first time, and it was the original intention of this public welfare class to let the public know about Oracle Bone Inscriptions and understand the inheritance and history of Chinese characters.

　　When foreigners visit Anyang, apart from the famous Yin Ruins at home and abroad, the China Literature Museum has increasingly become another must-see.

　　As the first national museum with the theme of characters in China, relying on the essence of thousands of cultural relics, it systematically interprets the configuration characteristics and evolution of China characters, which can be called "a landscape-style writing ceremony for the world to appreciate Chinese civilization".

　　Feng Qiyong, the first curator, once commented on the establishment of the China Literature Museum. In many people’s minds, as the hometown of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Anyang deserves to be the home of Chinese characters in China.

　　In 1899, Wang Yirong, a drink offering in imperial academy, found a mysterious symbol on the bones sold by antique dealers, which was Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Today’s people are familiar with this story for a long time, but it is difficult to understand how a piece of Oracle bones shocked the world from a few narratives.

　　Luo Zhenyu, the founder of Oracle bones, commented on Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s birth after three thousand years. At a time when the national fortune was declining and western learning was spreading to the east, some scholars even began to doubt Chinese civilization, and the voice of "abolishing Chinese characters" was rampant. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s discovery made the wandering intellectuals see a glimmer of light.

　　From Dong Zuobin, who presided over the excavation of Yin Ruins for many times, to Wang Guowei, who verified the Wangshi family of Shang Dynasty, to Hu Houxuan & Hellep, the editor of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection, which is a masterpiece of Oracle Bone Inscriptions research; … Generations of scholars have gone wave after wave, and their lifelong mission is to unlock the ancient code of civilization.

　　"Yin ruins unearthed a wealth of cultural relics, but Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the heaviest category. Because it is a reflection of people’s thoughts and a direct record of history, it allows us to understand many events and figures in the Shang Dynasty, and also allows us to directly face the civilization height of the Shang Dynasty. " Tang Jigen, who presided over the archaeological excavation of Yin Ruins for more than 20 years, said that Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Yin Ruins completely confirmed the legendary Shang Dynasty, and China’s written history advanced for a thousand years.

　　As the earliest mature script used by the Chinese nation, although it has been buried deep underground for thousands of years, Oracle Bone Inscriptions can be partially read as soon as it is unearthed. In the past 120 years, about 4,500 non-repetitive Oracle characters have been found, about one third of which have been read, and the rest are mostly names and places. It seems incredible, but it is the uniqueness of Chinese characters.

　　"Unlike the cuneiform characters in the two river basins, the sacred script characters in ancient Egypt, the seal characters in the ancient Indian River basin, and the Mayan characters in Central America, Oracle Bone Inscriptions did not die and has been passed down and evolved into the Chinese characters that are popular today." Song Zhenhao, director of the Research Center for the History of Yin and Shang Dynasties in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that as one of the oldest self-generated scripts in the world, Chinese characters are the only ones that have been used to this day, which can also play an important role in decoding other ancient scripts.

　　Song Zhenhao and Oracle Bone Inscriptions have been attached to each other for more than forty years. Most of the time, they are sitting on the bench, but they enjoy it. He said: "Oracle Bone Inscriptions is still alive today. This is a great thing. If we don’t do research, who will?" There is a sense of pride and mission of scholars in it. "

　　After more than 3,000 years of elutriation, Chinese characters are constantly challenged, but each time they can resolve the crisis and improve themselves, showing strong vitality and stability.

　　"In the word-making stage, Chinese characters have broken through the form to express meaning and embarked on ‘ Phonetic ’ Road, heaven and earth is one of the wide; The emergence of official script broke through the dilemma of low efficiency in writing ancient seal script; In the 20th century, Chinese characters abandoned the road of pinyin and completed the modern transformation. " Huang Dekuan, a professor at Tsinghua University and director of the China Literature Museum, said that poverty means change, change means communication, and the general rules last for a long time. Chinese characters are constantly adapting to the needs of social development, and Chinese character civilization is the embodiment of the wisdom of Chinese civilization.

　　From Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions to the big seal script, small seal script, and then to official script and regular script, the structure of Chinese characters has not changed for thousands of years, and people have been able to break through the limitation of time and space to communicate. This inheritance is the real Chinese gene. It has written down the dreams of Shang kings, Confucius’ thoughts and Sima Qian’s history books. It has recorded the charm of Tang poetry and Song poetry and the suffering and glory of Chinese civilization, and will continue to write chapters of the new era.

　　Soul of Chinese characters

　　The root vein of Chinese civilization

　　As the curator of the China Literature Museum, Huang Dekuan was asked the same question by young people on different occasions: "In the information age, just talk to your mobile phone if you want to communicate. Voice and video can be stored for a long time. Is the text still so useful?"

　　Even though he has already answered many times, Huang Dekuan is not stingy with repetition. He believes that the value of words needs to be examined, and it is even more necessary to face up to it. "The information stored in language and words can best stand the test of history. The Internet is a new technology for transmitting information and cannot replace the function of language and words. From the birth and development of Chinese civilization, Chinese characters have played a key and fundamental role. "

　　Before Oracle Bone Inscriptions was unearthed, the existence of Shang Dynasty was an unsolved mystery. Where did China come from, and where is the credible beginning of China’s history? This topic, which concerns the origin of civilization and national identity, dawned because of Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s rich records. The victory of war, the escape of slaves, the king’s dream, the outbreak of meteor shower … … Oracle Bone Inscriptions restored a vivid Shang world.

　　"Oracle Bone Inscriptions has great cultural relics value, historical data value and academic research value, and is an important material for rebuilding the ancient history of China and seeing through the social life of Yin and Shang dynasties three thousand years ago." Song Zhenhao said that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is not only a material and cultural relic that can "prove classics and supplement history", but also a common cultural memory of the Chinese nation.

　　From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to the present, Chinese characters in the same strain have kept the inheritance of Chinese civilization uninterrupted, and the stability and continuity of Chinese civilization have made Chinese characters more vital. Li Yunfu, a professor at Beijing Normal University and director of the Chinese Character Civilization Research Center of Zhengzhou University, said: "Chinese characters are not only the symbol of the formation of Chinese civilization, but also the carrier of recording Chinese civilization, and also the root vein and link to trace the origin of Chinese civilization."

　　Today, in China’s vast land of 9.6 million square kilometers, no matter how different dialects, accents and customs are, people can communicate their thoughts and feelings without any obstacles through common characters. This seemingly ordinary scene is backed by Chinese characters, a cultural cornerstone accumulated for thousands of years. Historically, Chinese characters have also contributed to promoting multi-ethnic unity and become a symbol system with strong national cohesion.

　　"The unique features of China’s historical memory and the formation of Chinese character cultural circle and Confucian cultural circle in East Asia are closely related to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the Chinese character system developed from it." At the recent international symposium to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Anyang, a speech by Gao Xiang, vice president of China Academy of Social Sciences, was warmly responded by the participants.

　　China has been in a leading position in the history of human civilization for a long time, and has profoundly influenced many neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam, forming a "Chinese character cultural circle". These countries and regions not only used Chinese characters to write their history, but also their own characters, cultures and customs were influenced by Chinese civilization.

　　Today, Chinese characters still attract the attention of the whole world with their unique charm. With the promotion of China’s international influence, more and more foreigners have embarked on the road of learning Chinese, and the "Chinese fever" has become popular in many parts of the world. Some of them are completely interested in Chinese characters.

　　"Many people learn Chinese characters by rote. In fact, each component has the source of hieroglyphics. I want to find the original intention and logic of this hieroglyph. Every Chinese character has a story." Richard sears, an American who is called "Uncle of Chinese Characters" by netizens, has been obsessed with the study of Chinese characters for decades, and has also set up a website of Chinese characters etymology with all his money, which is available to people who like Chinese characters all over the world for free.

　　While attending an international symposium commemorating the 120th anniversary of Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s discovery in Anyang, richard sears visited the China Literature Museum. Facing Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen and other ancient characters at close range, he praised: "Chinese characters are the ones that have been used for the longest time and still exist today, which is very remarkable!"

　　Richard sears moved to China to study Chinese characters. Now, he is not only a Chinese character researcher, but also a disseminator of Chinese character culture. He has set up a WeChat official account to analyze Chinese character glyphs in both Chinese and English, and he has also appeared on TV programs such as Chinese Bridge to tell Chinese character stories, hoping to tell the world the beauty of Chinese characters.

　　Beauty of Chinese characters

　　Rediscover Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

　　Like richard sears, beyond practical functions, countless people are captured by the inherent beauty of Chinese characters.

　　As a hieroglyph, Oracle Bone Inscriptions has been the carrier of beauty since its birth, providing a broad space for artistic creation. For thousands of years, with the evolution of Chinese characters, a unique and long-standing calligraphy art has been formed, such as han li’s vivid and fluent, Wei Bei’s majestic atmosphere, Tang Kai’s solemn statutes, Wang Xizhi’s elegant and elegant show, and Yan Jinliu’s vigorous and free and easy … … It edifies the sentiments of Chinese from generation to generation.

　　"Both horizontal and vertical are strong, and Chinese characters contain the spiritual temperament of the Chinese nation, conveying Chinese’s unique personality style and temperament interest." Li Yunfu said that it is gratifying that the extensive and profound Chinese calligraphy art is still increasing its categories and enriching the connotation of the beauty of Chinese characters.

　　Recently, oracle calligraphy, who made a concentrated appearance in Anyang, Henan Province, made people shine. An exhibition of oracle calligraphy seal cutting with 116 masterpieces at home and abroad showed the unique charm of Yin Qi, and 120 calligraphy lovers demonstrated their creations on the spot.

　　"Different sizes, different titles, and the word" all "can better reflect the beauty of managing and receiving each other. This is the essence of Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s aesthetics." Qiao Yanqun, vice president of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Research Institute of Tang Yin Shang in Jingshi University, who has works in the exhibition, said that to inherit and carry forward Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it is necessary to explore its beauty deeply and pass this aesthetic feeling on to more people.

　　Chen Nan, a professor and doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, endowed this ancient writing with fashionable beauty in a more fashionable way. He has successively launched Oracle Bone Inscriptions animated film Shooting the Sun, the world’s first set of Oracle Bone Inscriptions design fonts, Oracle character paintings, Zodiac Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Oracle Bones Panda Man and other mobile phone expression packs with different themes, which made the words sleeping in Oracle bones and books come alive, and many of them became "explosions".

　　"Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mostly pictographic ideographs close to pictures, with the pure visual aesthetics of ancient humans, and it will be more interesting to design it." Chen Nan said frankly that in the past, the spread of traditional characters was somewhat rigid and daunting. At the beginning of creating Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s works, they considered the needs of ordinary people and paid attention to the lively and modern design context.

　　"Oracle Bone Inscriptions is not only an excellent traditional cultural symbol, but also a creative character that conforms to the current trend. Integrating it into modern design is the inheritance of historical civilization and the progress of human spirit, far exceeding the meaning of words and fonts themselves." Chen Nan said.

　　With the ignorance of ordinary people and the initiation of interest, Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s professional research has also stepped onto a new level. It is found that in the past 120 years, Oracle bone inscriptions have developed into an international discipline, with researchers all over China, the United States, Japanese and other dozens of countries, and become an important tool for understanding the early history and ancient civilization of China.

　　Recently, "Yinqi Yuan Wen" Oracle Bone Inscriptions Big Data Platform was officially released. This Oracle Bone Inscriptions resource sharing platform, which is free and open to the whole world, plans to collect all Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s descriptions and documents. At present, more than 20,000 papers have been entered, and more than 246 kinds of Oracle bone inscriptions will be included in the later period, which can be queried and used by anyone interested in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

　　"This is a milestone in the study of Oracle bones." Song Zhenhao said that Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s materials were numerous and complicated, and it was very difficult to obtain them in the past. It took his teacher Hu Houxuan more than 20 years to compile a Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in pursuit of Oracle bones. Now Oracle bones is welcoming more wisdom with a more open mind and more convenient conditions.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Ding Guijuan Shuangrui

　　(Xinhua News Agency, Zhengzhou, November 2nd)

　　Xinhua commentary

　　Baishi Oracle bone

　　Chunqiu yongchuan

　　Horizontal and vertical, iron-painted silver hook; Long Feihu lies down, and the phoenix flies back. Chinese characters are the oldest characters that are still widely used by human beings. They carry the Chinese civilization and cultivate the Chinese spirit. And 120 years ago, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, who reappeared on the "keel" of traditional Chinese medicine blindly, was an important stage in the development of Chinese characters, and it was an immortal mark engraved on the backbone of the Chinese dragon.

　　As an important demonstration, Oracle Bone Inscriptions laid down some principles of Chinese characters, which provided an important carrier for the inheritance of ancient Chinese civilization. Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded a great deal of information about the Yin and Shang Dynasties in ancient times, which made a solid link in the history of Chinese civilization. Attaching importance to recording and using history is also the ancient spiritual temperament of the Chinese nation.

　　It has been 120 years since Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered, but it has not been far away from us. Regardless of whether ancient scholars are still trying to decipher it or calligraphers are still trying to copy it, teachers will use some simple Oracle Bone Inscriptions to explain Chinese characters to students in the enlightenment Chinese class, and they will know that it is still lively and interesting. Culture is such a long river that comes from ancestors and flows to the future.

　　The history of Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s discovery and protection tells us that it is Chinese’s cherishment of Chinese culture from generation to generation that has kept the long river of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years pregnant with the vitality of the gathering of hundreds of rivers. Even in the troubled times of the Chinese nation more than 100 years ago, there were a group of masters who worked hard for Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

　　Cultural inheritance needs relay from generation to generation, and what can make relay persist requires far-reaching cultural self-confidence and pragmatic scientific attitude. It has been the 120th anniversary of the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but our knowledge of it and even the origin of Chinese characters is far from enough. We still need to explore and crack the cultural codes left by our ancestors with our heart, so as to realize the inheritance and development. Only with firm faith and scientific spirit can the inheritance and development of culture be carried forward step by step.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Yuan

　　(Xinhua News Agency, Hangzhou, November 2nd)

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2003] No.69

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　"Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce (Port Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government) has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued.

　　December 9, 2003　　

Provisions of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce (Port Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government) on main responsibilities, internal structure and staffing.

　　The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Bureau of Commerce) was established according to the Institutional Reform Plan of Beijing Municipal People’s Government approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council and the Notice of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Institutional Establishment (No.18 [2003] of Beijing Municipality). The Municipal Bureau of Commerce is a municipal government department in charge of domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce also hangs the sign of the Port Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government (hereinafter referred to as the Port Office of the Municipal Government).

　　I. Adjustment of responsibilities

　　(1) Duties assigned.

　　1. The responsibilities of the former Beijing Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission to manage the foreign economic relations and trade of this Municipality.

　　2. The former Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce was responsible for the management of the commodity circulation and life service industry in this Municipality.

　　3. The former Beijing Municipal Development Planning Commission assumed the responsibility of organizing and implementing some important agricultural products import and export plans.

　　4. The former Beijing Municipal Economic Commission undertook the responsibilities of refined oil business license management, scrap car recycling, dismantling and reuse management, import and export management of important industrial products and raw materials, and industrial injury investigation.

　　(2) transformed functions.

　　1. Strengthen the comprehensive coordination of domestic and foreign trade, deepen the reform of circulation system, make full use of domestic and foreign markets and resources, give greater play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen the monitoring of market operation and commodity supply and demand, develop modern circulation methods, rectify and standardize circulation order, vigorously promote the opening of the market to the outside world, and accelerate the construction of a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system.

　　2. Deepen the reform of foreign-related economic system, improve the institutional guarantee for opening to the outside world, give full play to the role of foreign capital, and enhance the city’s ability to participate in international cooperation and competition.

　　3. Promote the development of industry associations and social intermediary organizations in the foreign trade field in this Municipality, further give play to their roles, and gradually transfer the work undertaken by the government to industry associations and social intermediary organizations in formulating industry norms and guiding industry training.

　　Second, the main responsibilities

　　According to the adjustment of the above responsibilities, the main responsibilities of the Municipal Bureau of Commerce are:

　　(a) to study the development strategy of domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation in this Municipality, draft local laws and regulations on domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation, put forward medium-and long-term development plans and annual plans for domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation, and organize their implementation.

　　(two) to study the development strategy of modern circulation industry in this Municipality, put forward opinions on the reform of circulation system, formulate the layout planning of key facilities for commodity circulation and logistics distribution, promote the structural adjustment of circulation industry, and promote modern circulation methods such as chain operation, logistics distribution and e-commerce; Responsible for the industry management of commodity circulation; Monitor and analyze the market operation and commodity supply and demand, be responsible for the market regulation of important consumer goods and the organization and implementation of government reserves, formulate market emergency plans, and promote the development of urban and rural markets.

　　(three) to study and formulate the layout plan of major facilities of the life service industry in this Municipality and organize its implementation, and coordinate the planning and construction of municipal commercial centers, characteristic commercial streets and various commodity trading markets; Responsible for the industry management of life service industry.

　　(four) to study and formulate plans for special circulation industries such as auction, pawn, lease in kind, second-hand goods circulation and recycling of renewable resources in this Municipality, and organize their implementation.

　　(five) overall management of the city’s commodity import and export and technology trade, responsible for import and export business rights, import and export commodity quotas, export tax rebate audit of various import and export enterprises in Beijing, management of processing trade contracts, and supervision of bidding activities for imported mechanical and electrical products; To guide the promotion of foreign trade and the construction and development of export processing zones.

　　(six) to study and put forward policies and measures for the development of foreign economic cooperation in this Municipality; Responsible for the relevant work of bilateral economic and technical assistance between this Municipality and foreign countries; Responsible for the management of foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation; Guide overseas investment.

　　(seven) to study the development strategy of utilizing foreign capital in this Municipality, put forward the medium and long-term development plan and annual plan and organize their implementation; Responsible for the management of foreign investment, guide the promotion of foreign investment, and strengthen economic cooperation and exchanges with Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province.

　　(8) Establish an early warning mechanism for fair trade in import and export in this Municipality, organize industrial injury investigation, coordinate anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and other work related to fair trade in import and export, and be responsible for the comprehensive coordination of WTO-related affairs involving this Municipality.

　　(nine) to draft local laws and regulations on port work in this Municipality, study and put forward port development plans and policies and measures, and organize the implementation and management of port work. (ten) to guide and promote the development of trade associations and social intermediary organizations in the field of domestic and foreign trade.

　　(eleven) to undertake other tasks assigned by the municipal government.

　　Manage Beijing Grain Bureau according to the Institutional Reform Plan of Beijing Municipal People’s Government.

　　Third, internal institutions

　　According to the above responsibilities, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce has 18 functional offices, party committees and veteran cadres.

　　(1) Office

　　Responsible for the government affairs of this organ; Responsible for official document processing, information, motions, suggestions, proposals, files, confidentiality, safety, publicity, foreign affairs and reception liaison, as well as the organization of important meetings; Responsible for the supervision of important documents and matters decided by the meeting.

　　(2) General Office (Research Office)

　　Comprehensively study the development strategy of domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation in this Municipality, and organize and put forward medium-and long-term development plans and circulation system reform plans; Responsible for the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign trade operation and development situation, organize investigation and study, and put forward policy suggestions; Guide the construction of domestic and foreign trade operation monitoring system, and be responsible for the collection, analysis and processing of information and data; Responsible for the compilation of relevant comprehensive documents.

　　(3) Finance Department of Foreign Trade Planning

　　To study and put forward the city’s foreign trade development plan, annual plan and policy measures, and monitor the operation of foreign trade; Implement the central foreign trade development fund and the special funds supported by the state for foreign trade and economic development; Responsible for the audit of export tax rebate and the management of processing trade contracts of various import and export enterprises in Beijing; Supervise the verification of export receipts of import and export enterprises, and be responsible for the import and export statistics of various enterprises in Beijing and the financial operation analysis of key import and export enterprises; Responsible for the financial and auditing work of this organ and its subordinate units.

　　(4) Office of Legal Affairs and Fair Trade (WTO Office)

　　To organize the drafting of local laws and regulations on domestic and foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation in this Municipality, be responsible for reviewing the legality of normative documents formulated by this department, be responsible for administrative law enforcement supervision and legal publicity, and undertake the agency work of responding to administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation and administrative compensation cases of this department; Organize industrial injury investigation, establish an early warning mechanism for industrial injury, guide and coordinate relevant departments to carry out industrial safety work, coordinate anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and other work related to import and export fair trade, and be responsible for the comprehensive coordination of WTO related affairs involving this Municipality.

　　(5) Foreign Trade Development Office

　　Guide and coordinate the construction of foreign trade promotion system; Guide enterprises to participate in all kinds of trade promotion activities at home and abroad, coordinate the implementation of relevant foreign trade export policies, be responsible for the management of import and export business qualifications of enterprises, international freight forwarding business qualifications, foreign economic and technological exhibitions held in Beijing, visa changes for Chinese and foreign personnel of foreign enterprises stationed in Beijing and foreign-invested enterprises, and be responsible for coordinating and handling the relevant work of examining and approving business-related economic and trade delegations and inviting foreign businessmen to Beijing; Guide the construction and development of export processing zones.

　　(six) the foreign trade management office is responsible for the administration of import and export commodity quotas, licenses, tariff quotas and automatic import licenses in this Municipality; Responsible for the import and export management of some important agricultural products and important industrial products and raw materials, and the issuance of certificates of origin for export goods; Responsible for the management of the resident offices of foreign enterprises and semi-official institutions in Beijing according to law, and responsible for contacting the import and export chambers of commerce.

　　(7) Foreign Investment Comprehensive Development Department

　　To study and put forward the medium-and long-term plans and annual plans for the utilization of foreign capital in this Municipality, formulate policy suggestions for foreign investment, and participate in coordinating the determination of major projects to attract foreign investment; Responsible for the contact and exchange between domestic and foreign intergovernmental investment promotion agencies, guide major investment promotion activities at home and abroad, and undertake the relevant work of the coordination meeting on attracting foreign investment; Responsible for the statistical analysis of the utilization of foreign capital.

　　(eight) foreign investment management office (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Economic Cooperation Office)

　　To be responsible for the administration of import and export of foreign-invested enterprises, foreign-invested projects and commodities with quotas and licenses of foreign-invested enterprises, and for the confirmation of foreign-invested projects encouraged by the state and the establishment of regional headquarters by overseas multinational corporations in Beijing; To study the development strategy of economic cooperation between this Municipality and Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province region, and put forward policy suggestions, coordinate and deal with relevant issues of investment projects in Beijing by Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province region, and promote mutual economic cooperation and exchanges.

　　(9) Foreign Economic Cooperation Office (Service Trade Office)

　　To study and put forward the development plans and policies and measures for foreign economic cooperation in this Municipality, and organize their implementation; Responsible for the management of overseas investment enterprises and investment projects, foreign contracted projects, labor cooperation and overseas labor services; Responsible for the management of foreign economic cooperation qualifications and foreign aid projects of enterprises, and responsible for the relevant work of bilateral economic and technical assistance between this Municipality and foreign countries; Responsible for the statistical work of foreign economic cooperation and service trade.

　　(10) Electromechanical Import and Export Office (Beijing Electromechanical Products Import and Export Office)

　　To study and put forward the development plan and annual plan for the import and export of mechanical and electrical products in this Municipality, compile the annual plan for the quota import of mechanical and electrical products, monitor the import and export operation of mechanical and electrical products, adjust the import and export market of mechanical and electrical products, and coordinate and solve major problems in the import and export operation of mechanical and electrical products; Promote the construction of export production system of mechanical and electrical products, optimize the import and export structure of mechanical and electrical products, and organize export enterprises of mechanical and electrical products to explore the international market; Responsible for the import management of mechanical and electrical products, and supervise the bidding activities of imported mechanical and electrical products; Responsible for the technical transformation of electromechanical products export enterprises and the declaration of scientific and technological research and development projects.

　　(Xi) Science and Technology Development and Technology Trade Branch

　　Responsible for promoting the implementation of the strategy of promoting trade through science and technology in this city; Be responsible for the management of technology import and export contracts, software export contracts (excluding technical projects prohibited or restricted by the state) and the implementation of national export control policies by enterprises; To be responsible for the declaration of loan discount funds for high-tech products and technical renovation projects; Coordinate the implementation of technical trade measures.

　　(12) Circulation Planning and Construction Office

　　To study and put forward the layout planning of key facilities of commodity circulation, logistics distribution and life service industry in this city, put forward policy suggestions, guide, connect and balance the relevant planning of all districts and counties, coordinate the planning and construction of various commodity and means of production trading markets, guide the planning and construction of community commercial outlets, and organize the demonstration and pre-trial of municipal commercial centers, characteristic commercial streets and large commercial facilities projects.

　　(thirteen) modern circulation development department to study and put forward the development plan of modern circulation industry in this city, put forward policy suggestions to promote the reform and development of circulation system, and promote the structural adjustment of circulation industry; Organize and promote the innovation and development of modern circulation modes such as chain operation, logistics distribution and e-commerce, and promote the popularization and application of modern science and technology such as information technology in the circulation field.

　　(14) Circulation Order Management Office

　　To study and put forward policies and measures to regulate the circulation order in this Municipality, put forward industry norms and market access standards for commodity circulation, logistics and distribution, and coordinate industry quality management; Guide the development of industry service management and civilized service activities, and promote the improvement of the overall service level; Guide and promote the development of trade associations and social intermediary organizations in the domestic and foreign trade fields.

　　(15) Service Transaction Management Office

　　Responsible for the management of the accommodation industry, beauty salons, dyeing, photography, housekeeping, repair and other life service industries in this city, promote the development of new service industries, and improve the community convenience service system; Responsible for the management of special circulation industries such as auction, pawn, lease in kind, secondhand goods circulation and recycling of renewable resources; Responsible for the management of refined oil business license; Monitor the operation of the industry, put forward policy suggestions to promote the development of the industry, organize the formulation of industry technology, skills and service quality standards and supervise and inspect them.

　　(XVI) Market Operation Control Office (Beijing Salt Administration Office)

　　Monitor and analyze the market supply and demand of important commodities in this city, improve the market monitoring system, and study and put forward policy suggestions for market regulation; Organize the implementation of government ordering, storage, rotation and delivery of important consumer goods and important agricultural means of production; Responsible for the management of salt administration, salt affairs and pig slaughter; To undertake the commodity supply and service work of important meetings and events of the central government and this Municipality. (XVII) Market Promotion Office

　　To study and put forward the development planning and policy suggestions for the circulation of consumer goods, means of production and catering industry in this city, monitor the operation of consumer goods and means of production markets, and promote the development of urban and rural markets; Coordinate and solve major problems in domestic and international market development and regional cooperation in the field of commodity circulation; Responsible for the qualification of cotton purchasing and processing enterprises.

　　(XVIII) Personnel Department

　　To be responsible for the management of cadres, personnel, education and training, and organization establishment of this organ and its subordinate units.

　　Party committees of organs. Be responsible for the work between the Party and the masses in this organ and its subordinate units.

　　Department of veteran cadres. Responsible for the management of retirees of this organ and its subordinate units.

　　In view of the importance and relative independence of port work, there are four other functional departments responsible for port work.

　　(i) Secretariat

　　Responsible for the relevant government affairs; Responsible for document processing, information, motions, suggestions, proposals, letters and visits, confidentiality, archives, news propaganda, and supervision of important matters; Responsible for the daily coordination and supervision of the "big customs clearance" at Beijing port; Responsible for personnel, finance and other work.

　　(2) General Service Office

　　To study and put forward the development plan of this city’s ports, and draft relevant local laws and regulations; Participate in the formulation of port infrastructure and supporting construction plans; Responsible for the supervision and management of port opening and closing, port customs clearance and customs clearance statistics, analysis and operation; Responsible for the trial, approval and acceptance of the establishment of export processing zones, bonded zones, supervision warehouses and zones, as well as the formulation of development plans and management.

　　(3) Airport Office

　　Organize and coordinate the construction of spiritual civilization and the comprehensive management of social security in the capital airport area; Responsible for the comprehensive and coordinated management of air ports and the "big customs clearance" work; Participate in the planning and construction of air ports and the coordination of major activities; Coordinate the relationship between the airport and the district and county governments and relevant departments, as well as the relationship between the relevant units at the port.

　　(4) Land Port Management Office (Fengtai Freight Port Management Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government Port Office and Chaoyang Port Management Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government Port Office)

　　Participate in the planning of land ports in this city, and be responsible for the comprehensive and coordinated management of land ports and the "big customs clearance" work; Put forward the distribution plan of the annual index of through vehicles entering and leaving Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions; Participate in the relevant work of port regional economic planning, development and management; Coordinate the relationship between the land port and the district and county governments and relevant departments, as well as the relationship between the relevant units at the port.

　　Discipline inspection and supervision institutions shall be stationed in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　IV. Staffing

　　The Municipal Bureau of Commerce (port office of the municipal government) has an administrative establishment of 140 people, 4 people have been approved for discipline inspection and supervision, and 5 people have been approved for the administration of veteran cadres. Among them: 1 director of the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, 5 deputy directors of the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and 1 director of the port office of the municipal government (deputy bureau level); There are 58 department-level leadership positions.