As a popular form of continuing education, more and more people choose to take the self-study exam to improve their academic qualifications. Many people who want to improve their academic qualifications are puzzled. They want to take the self-study exam for undergraduate courses, but they don’t know the specific policies for self-study. What is the role of the examination outline of the self-study exam course?

Click to enter:If you have any questions about the self-study exam, don’t know how to choose the main examination institution and major, and don’t know the local policy of self-study exam, click to learn now > >

According to the requirements of the professional examination plan and the characteristics of the self-study examination, the examination outline of the self-study examination course is a document that defines the content and scope of the course study and examination, specifies the course examination standards and makes the examination requirements concrete, and is the basis for guiding the proposition of individual self-study, social assistance and course examination. At present, the national unified proposition curriculum outline is attached to the designated textbook, and candidates should study according to the designated textbook and the course examination outline. However, at present, there is no examination outline for the unified proposition curriculum in some provinces, so the candidates of such courses can study according to the designated textbook.

1. The national unified proposition is the national self-taught examination and the proposition center organization proposition, and the knowledge of the examination is relatively general, so this kind of question type will be relatively difficult. It will usually be the last big question.

2. Regional cooperation proposition, which is a joint proposition of various provinces and cities, will be closer to the examination syllabus of candidates in various provinces and cities, which is slightly simpler than the national unified proposition. However, due to the different characteristics of propositions in various regions and provinces and cities, some questions may be questions that candidates have not been exposed to at ordinary times. Most of these questions are multiple-choice questions and fill-in-the-blank questions, which are difficult and easy, and each question is relatively novel.

3. Provincial Proposition This is a proposition organized by each province, city and autonomous region. Relatively speaking, the test questions will be relatively simple and closer to the questions that candidates usually come into contact with; This type of question is also a scoring question for candidates. Usually, multiple-choice questions and noun explanations are the majority.

The above is related to the adult self-study exam, and candidates can use it as a reference, which is subject to the official announcement! Candidates who want to get more information about the self-taught examination, such as the registration time, examination time, application conditions, preparation knowledge and related news, please pay attention to the online self-taught examination channel of China Education.

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In April, 2024, all provinces registered for self-study exams in official website.

Summary of Registration Time and Entrance of Self-taught Exams in April 2024 by Provinces

　　Time changes, and the initial heart remains the same; When you are cold, your feelings are warm. In order to thank the hard work of the first-line sports lottery agency in the physical store, the Provincial Sports Lottery Center launched a condolence activity of send warm in the Spring Festival and caring for the difficult agents.

　　On January 31, the leaders of the provincial center led a team to Baiyin City to carry out condolences. Mr. Zeng, the agent of 6208008129 physical store in Jingyuan County, has his own physical illness, and he has to take care of his old mother who has been ill for a long time. He relies on selling sports lottery tickets to make a living every day. Despite the difficulties, Mr. Zeng still strives to do a good job in the sales of sports lottery tickets. On weekdays, he still insists on finding time to do analysis and research on gameplay, and shares his experience with his peers without reservation, which has won unanimous recognition and respect from everyone. The leaders of the provincial center and the staff of the Silver Management Sub-station sent greetings and condolences to Mr. Zeng during the Spring Festival, asking about the difficulties in life and the support he needed, encouraging him to persist in doing a good job in sales, and setting an example for other consignment agents to love their jobs and be dedicated.

　　The condolence group came to the store of Ms. Lu, the agent of 6208008110 in Jingyuan County. Ms. Lu suffered from eye diseases and could not adapt to other jobs. After choosing the career of selling Chinese sports lottery tickets, she cherished the hard-won job opportunities and always loved her job. After more than five years of study and practice, she has grown into a qualified agent. "Thanks to the Chinese sports lottery, I have a stable job and can make some contributions to social welfare. I am also very proud and proud." Ms. Lu sincerely regrets.

　　Visiting all the way, the condolence group learned in detail about the implementation of the responsibility lottery in the physical store and the service quality of the market administrator, listened carefully to the opinions and work suggestions of the agency, and understood the difficulties existing in the operation process. It also encourages administrators and consignment agents to base themselves on their posts and continue to contribute to the development of sports lottery public welfare undertakings. At the same time, it also conducted a spot check on the safety production of sports lottery stores, focusing on guiding the consignment agents to investigate the hidden dangers of fire prevention, waterproofing, theft prevention and electricity consumption in the stores, reminding them to pay attention to personal and property safety, and earnestly implementing the safety production requirements of the State Sports General Administration and the Provincial Sports Bureau, so as to escort the sales peak before the Spring Festival and the safety of the Spring Festival holiday.

　　Recently, New Year condolence activities are being carried out in Gansu Sports Lottery. A little condolence, full of heart, sent Gansu Sports Lottery to the grassroots, caring for the warmth of difficulties, and gained the understanding and support of sports lottery agents and salesmen, and responded well to the work. Gansu Sports Lottery will do a solid job in preventing safety production risks, strictly implement the requirements of responsible lottery, and ensure the high-quality development of China’s sports lottery. (Liu Zixian)

Recently, the national fitness ice and snow hiking activity was held in the Riverside Square in Wulanmulun, kangbashi district, Erdos, Inner Mongolia.

At the event, an instant sales booth was set up, public welfare publicity panels were placed, and promotional materials of China sports lottery were distributed. Sports lottery staff on-site popular science sports lottery public welfare and rational lottery purchase knowledge, so that participants can understand the public welfare attribute and responsibility of sports lottery. An interactive gift-winning activity was also held at the scene, and gifts such as badminton rackets, mouse pads and paper drawing with sports lottery logos were given to the participants. Just before the opening of the sales booth, a variety of Spring Festival theme tickets were warmly welcomed by everyone. Many hikers who came to participate in the competition not only gained the joy of sports, but also received a lucky participation in sports lottery games. The event also provided disposable cups and paper-drawing printed by sports lottery for the contestants, bringing colorful warmth to the cold winter. (From January 31st, China Sports Daily, 08 edition)　

Our reporter Roman

During the Spring Festival, the happiest thing is for the whole family to sit around and have a reunion dinner. However, for homeless vagrants, it is an extravagant hope to have a reunion dinner with their families. In order to let the rescuers have a warm and happy New Year, this (5th) morning, Luzhou Rescue Management Station specially held a Spring Festival Youth League activity for them.

Sticking Spring Festival couplets and decorating … The staff of the rescue station began to decorate the station for the upcoming Spring Festival a few days ago to create a festive New Year atmosphere. Early this morning, everyone began to be busy, preparing melons, fruits, snacks and delicious food for the recipients.

At noon, the recipients put on beaming new cotton-padded jackets, sat around, watched TV and had a reunion dinner to celebrate the New Year.

According to Jiang Weifen, the stationmaster of the municipal rescue management station, there are currently 14 recipients in the municipal rescue management station, four of whom have recently entered the station and are still in isolation. Due to the need of epidemic prevention and control, there are 10 recipients attending the annual meeting of the group today, and they also eat separately, and the other four are delivered by special personnel.

The staff served meals for everyone.

At the annual meeting of the Communist Youth League, although everyone wore masks, it was hard to hide their joy. The recipients and the staff were talking and laughing together, and they were very happy. Several recipients even danced with the music. The scene was full of laughter, joy and peace.

Jiang Weifen told reporters that all the 14 recipients at present have mental and intellectual disabilities, and they have not found out their identity and family information. The longest time to come to the station has been more than one year, of which the youngest is 15 years old and the oldest is about 70 years old.

Maybe they have a home in their heart, but they don’t know where they come from, where their home is, and whether they have any family. In the city rescue management station, the staff treat them as relatives and children, and take care of them patiently and carefully, so that they have a place to live and a "home". Having a reunion dinner together on the occasion of the New Year makes them feel the festive atmosphere and the warmth of home. This is undoubtedly the embodiment of the motherland’s growing strength, social civilization’s progress and love everywhere in the new era.

Original title: "This is a special reunion dinner …"

　　Tomorrow, our mobile phone will be screened by Buffett again!

　　At 22:15 Beijing time on May 4th, the annual shareholders’ meeting of Berkshire Hathaway will be held in Omaha, USA. It is estimated that about 30,000 shareholders will attend, and millions of people will watch it online. The most noteworthy issues of this shareholders’ meeting include:

　　Who is Buffett’s successor? — — Bashen is 88 years old and Munger is 95 years old.

　　What about Berkshire’s more than $110 billion in cash? — — Look at the company’s share price of $320,000. Do you still think Maotai is expensive?

　　The repurchase scale will be as high as $100 billion? — — There are not many good companies worth buying, so I have to buy myself.

　　However, for A-share investors, they may be more concerned about this question: What does Buffett think of the China market? Which stocks of A shares meet its stock selection criteria?

　　Which A shares can enter the eyes of the law?

　　There are many criteria for Buffett’s stock selection, but there are clear quantitative criteria. He only said one sentence, that is, the annual return on net assets (ROE) is greater than 20% for 10 consecutive years.

　　The so-called return on equity (ROE) is the ratio of company profits to shareholders’ equity. It represents the investment income of investors, in short, how much money the enterprise can earn for investors.

　　ROE is a measure of a company’s long-term profitability. The higher the ROE, the higher the net profit it earns with the same shareholder capital investment. According to Coca-Cola’s standard, that is, keeping the ROE above 20% for 10 consecutive years, it is the company that Buffett may like.

　　So, which companies in A shares meet Buffett’s standards?

　　Wind data shows that in the 10 years from 2009 to 2019, among the listed companies whose ROE (deduction/dilution) continuously exceeds 20%, there are only five listed companies in A shares, namely Kweichow Moutai, Haitian Weiye, Gree Electric, Yanghe and Chengde Lulu.

　　The average share price increase of these five listed companies in the past 10 years is 690.49%, and the annualized rate of return is 22.97%. The biggest increase is Kweichow Moutai, which rose 12 times in 10 years, followed by Gree Electric, which rose more than 11 times in 10 years.

　　If we relax the ROE standard to 15%, that is, we will keep the ROE above 15% for 10 consecutive years. So, how many companies in A shares meet this standard?

　　Wind data shows that in the 10 years from 2009 to 2019, there were 14 listed companies with ROE (deduction/dilution) exceeding 15% continuously, namely Shuanghui Development, Kweichow Moutai, Haitian Weiye, Hikvision, Gree Electric, Huadong Medicine, Yanghe, Chengde Lulu, Hengrui Pharma, Chongda Technology, dongfeng shares, Fuyao Glass and so on.

　　The average share price increase of these 14 listed companies in the past 10 years is 551.72%, and the annualized rate of return is 20.62%. Among them, Hengrui Pharma, Kweichow Moutai and Gree Electric rose more than 10 times, while Huadong Medicine, Hikvision and Golden Mantis rose more than 5 times.

　　Is Bashen’s strategy unacceptable?

　　In the past 10 years, what is the investment income of Warren Buffett?

　　According to media calculations, if an investor bought a dollar of Berkshire stock 10 years ago, the return today is about $2.4, but if this dollar is invested in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index Fund, the return today is about $3.2. In other words, in the past 10 years, the income from investing in Berkshire has not been as high as that from investing in the S&P 500 index fund.

　　In 2018, the worst performance of global financial assets in the past 100 years, the "stock god" seems to be unhappy. Suffering from various "thunder" such as Apple’s performance falling short of expectations and Kraft Heinz’s performance changing face, Berkshire lost more than $25 billion in the fourth quarter of 2018, but still earned more than $4 billion in the whole year.

　　But in A-share market, Buffett’s stock picking strategy still seems feasible.

　　In the past decade, 108 A-share stocks have increased more than 5 times, and 29 have increased more than 10 times. The median ROE of these 29 stocks is 14.88%. During this period, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 24.72%, the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index rose by 50.2%, the CSI 500 Index rose by 74.59%, and the Shenzhen dividend index rose by 132.51%.

　　Obviously, those companies with long-term earning ability and dividend-paying ability can surpass the market if they buy at a reasonable price. However, it should be pointed out that value investment is by no means equal to an ROE index, and the stocks selected according to it are not necessarily suitable investment targets, but only help us find out those good companies more easily.

　　The above data illustrates two problems:

　　First, as Buffett said: "By investing in index funds regularly, an investor who knows nothing can usually beat most professional fund managers." Buffett has recommended index funds for more than ten times.

　　In Buffett’s view, the vast majority of investors rarely invest in index funds, and as a result, their performance in investing in stocks is mostly just mediocre, or even disastrous. There are three main reasons for the loss of investment stocks:

　　1. The cost is too high, investors buy and sell too frequently, or the expenses are too large;

　　2. Investment decisions are made according to gossip or market trends, rather than after careful consideration and quantitative analysis of listed companies;

　　3, blindly chasing up and down, buying or selling at the wrong time.

　　Second, practice has proved that the companies with the strongest earning power in A-shares can bring rich long-term returns to investors.

　　The overall growth level of A-share listed companies is better than the average level of social enterprises. The long-term stock price trend charts of leading enterprises such as Gree Electric, Vanke A, China Merchants Bank, China Ping An and Fuyao Glass are all consistent with the development path of enterprises.

　　The method of value investment has not failed in A-shares. In fact, A-shares will create a good opportunity for value investors to pick up bargains every few years, making it easier for investors to meet good prices. Numerous masters have emphasized that all investment is to find a good industry, a good company and a good price.

　　Finally, Buffett has bought two China stocks so far — — China Petroleum and BYD.

　　In 2003, Buffett bought H shares of China Petroleum at a price of HK$ 1.6, and cleared the position when the share price reached HK$ 13.5 in 2007, with a four-year income of more than 7 times (the reinstatement factor has been considered, the same below). When Buffett bought it, the P/E ratio of China Petroleum was only 5 times, while when China Petroleum was listed on A-share in 2007, the P/E ratio of 48 yuan’s opening price was as high as 63 times.

　　In 2008, Buffett subscribed for 225 million shares of BYD at a price of about HK$ 8 per share. At present, Buffett still holds shares in BYD, and its latest share price is HK$ 53.55, and its income has exceeded five times. When Buffett bought BYD shares, the corresponding P/E ratio was only 10.2 times. At present, its latest P/E ratio is 39.29 times.

　　China securities journal Song Zhaoqing