[On August 15th, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. After eight years of hard fighting, China finally won. However, the people and events in this period of time are gradually out of shape in the reports of future generations. On the occasion of the 69th anniversary of Japan’s surrender, Observer.com specially launched a series of "Ten Rumors of the Anti-Japanese War" to set the record straight. Previously published "Zhang Lingfu, the Top Ten Rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression》、《Sun Liren, the top ten rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, buried the Japanese army alive.》、《Ten rumors of the Anti-Japanese War: "Fishing posts"""and"The chairman’s guard of the top ten rumors of the anti-Japanese war》。 】

In the modern history of China, opium is a scar that can’t be bypassed anyway. It has harmed hundreds of millions of Chinese, and the resulting war has also changed the direction of China’s traditional society. Therefore, today, the vast majority of Chinese, who are sane and law-abiding, will inevitably show an expression of disgust when referring to drugs represented by opium, and then condemn them with a hundred thousand points.

However, with the help of the increasingly developed network platform, the saying that the CPC and the Eighth Route Army were built and built into large-scale planting, selling and encouraging opium consumption, which was originally circulated in academic circles, quickly spread among the people. After reading similar rumors, some readers who are not very rich in historical knowledge can naturally understand the anger in their hearts, but history is really like this?

The origin of rumors

The story that communist party and the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium first appeared during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, in order to package its "anti-drug achievements", the Japanese puppet government often organized people to stage a farce of "communist drug trafficking", and then published the news that "opium X was seized and communist X was captured alive" in a certain place in its imperial traitor media. However, during most of the Anti-Japanese War, these reports did not attract much attention from public opinion at that time and later academic circles.

In addition, in recent years, many so-called "old cadres", "old Red Army", "my grandfather", "my great grandfather" and "my second uncle" have appeared on the Chinese Internet, and "witnessed" the communist party Eighth Route Army’s large-scale opium cultivation and trafficking in various places. However, these "testimonies" almost have no exact information about time, place, people, etc., and there are almost no other objective evidences that can be corroborated. Therefore, such "testimonies" are unacceptable to those who are interested in textual research on historical issues. The following "versions" really make the saying that "the Eighth Route Army sells opium on a large scale" a topic worthy of discussion:

First of all, the Diary of Yan ‘an, the masterpiece of the Comintern’s liaison in the CPC Central Committee and the agent of the Soviet Intelligence Department, Peter Buffilovich Vladimirov. In this book, Vladimir said that he not only witnessed the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army harvesting opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s, but also was personally admitted by senior leaders of the Chinese Communist Party such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. Because of Vrakimilov’s special status, the publication of Yan ‘an Diary immediately caused a sensation in overseas academic circles.

The second statement comes from Xie Juezai Diary. In his diary in 1944, a few days wrote:

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944)

"Interesting words heard at the symposium: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ " (12 March 1944)

"Leading organs to launch a thing, must be very considerate, often a small step error, can make a big fuss among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " （1944.3.14）

Attentive readers have noticed that a word called "special goods" is mentioned in these diaries. It is said that this "special goods" is opium.

The third statement comes from the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County" which is said to have been promulgated and implemented by the Eighth Route Army in July 1945. This document can be seen everywhere on the Internet now, so it is omitted here.

The fourth argument comes from the textual research of a "famous scholar" in mainland China: Zhang Side, an Eighth Route Army soldier who praised "dying more than Mount Tai" in Mao Zedong’s famous article "Serving the People", actually died in the process of burning opium. This statement is also widely circulated on the Internet.

Zhang Side

Opium is not just drugs.

I don’t want to analyze the above statements, because it is very necessary to understand the role of opium in the social and economic operation of China before the Anti-Japanese War.

As we all know, the terminal price of opium is quite high, its volume is not big, and its weight is very light. In old China, where the financial system was chaotic, opium, together with gold, silver and pounds and dollars, became the main hard currency in circulation in China at that time, and was called "yellow, white, black and green". Considering the problems of quantity, scale and difficulty in inspection, opium thus overpowered the most valuable gold, silver and foreign currency, and became the currency with the highest cost performance and liquidity in China before the Anti-Japanese War.

In addition, in old China, which has not yet been industrialized, medicine was originally a scarce material. Sometimes military doctors need surgery, but they often find that there is no narcotic except smoky soil. At this time, opium, which has certain anesthetic and antidiarrheal effects, can indeed play the role of medicine at some time.

Although opium was introduced into China from abroad, after the mid-19th century, in order to alleviate the outflow of silver, the Qing government and local governments began to encourage poppy cultivation. Before the Anti-Japanese War, China had become the first drug producer in the world. Most people born after the founding of New China know what opium is like in books, but today, people over 80 years old are almost impressed by the special smell produced when cooking opium. According to the American representative’s speech at the 18th meeting of the Committee on Smoking Prohibition of the League of Nations in 1934, the annual output of opium in the world except China was 1,770 tons. However, according to the estimation of Dr. Lien Teh Wu, director of the National Port Quarantine Administration of China at that time, the opium output of China in 1930 was an astonishing 12,000 tons, equivalent to seven times the world output value. Even so, scholars all over the world generally believed that this data greatly underestimated the opium production capacity of China at that time.

Before the Anti-Japanese War, the grass-roots society in China did not have much prejudice against opium, and opium was also a necessity for wealthy families. There is no doubt that China was once the first drug consumer in the world. According to statistics, the population of China was 474 million in 1932, but the number of drug addicts nationwide reached 80 million, accounting for 16.8% of the total population. Considering the weak grassroots control and statistical ability of the Kuomintang government at that time, the real drug addicts will only be more.

Before the Communist Party of China (CPC) took control of northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places, Shanxi-Shaanxi area was one of the most serious areas in China. In the 1920s, Shaanxi had reached the point where there were no smoking houses, and all men, women and children smoked. Smokers accounted for more than 50% of Shaanxi’s total population, and poppy cultivation and opium manufacturing became the only prosperous industries in Shaanxi.

The influence of opium on the old China society completely exceeded the imagination of ordinary people for ordinary drugs. If we use today’s knowledge of drugs to mechanically copy the opium problem during the Anti-Japanese War, it will naturally be difficult to understand the essence of the opium problem.

Bowing to reality: recognizing opium’s status as a hard currency

What is clear and certain is that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the only political force in the modern history of China that really tried its best to fight drugs in the controlled area. As early as the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Chinese Communist Party took drug control as one of its priorities. After the end of the Long March and the Red Army stationed in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, the hardest hit area with a history of opium cultivation and trafficking for hundreds of years, communist party immediately launched a massive anti-drug campaign in the border area, which basically eliminated drug abuse in the control area in a very short time. At present, it has basically reached a consensus in academic circles.

Some people will ask: "Since you can ban smoking in communist party, why not ban opium as well?" Communist party did try to ban opium cultivation in its jurisdiction and made considerable efforts (this was in sharp contrast to the various warlords who planted and sold cigarettes at that time), but history proved that this idea was still a pattern at that time. It takes many years to restore the land after poppy eradication before it can be used to produce food again, so banning smoking often brings a new problem: how to solve the rations of tobacco farmers and opium processing workers?

From the national economic point of view, even in a state of war, unless there is a natural barrier like the Taiwan Province Strait, the domestic material circulation can be restricted and blocked, but it is difficult to be cut off. After the anti-drug campaign was launched in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, the situation of smuggling opium into the border region increased rapidly. Because a place bans opium production and restricts opium consumption, it will often lead to an increase in opium prices, which will only stimulate opium cultivation in other provinces and even lead to the outflow of local gold and silver. From this point of view, a truly unified state power is the prerequisite for the complete prohibition of opium, which was not available in China during the Anti-Japanese War.

In history, especially when the base area of the border region was in trouble in 1941, some people and even some units in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region did smuggle opium, and the government of the border region severely cracked down on these behaviors within its capacity. As for the large-scale cultivation of opium within the jurisdiction, it is hard for me to imagine that opium poppy will be cultivated on a large scale in the base area in the early 1940s when the whole country was suffering from famine. After all, opium soil can’t be used as food, and the food bought from enemy-occupied areas through black market and other channels is only a drop in the bucket compared with the population in the border area.

Due to the lack of other enough hard currency, the Eighth Route Army did have a considerable amount of opium opium, which was used to balance the import and export deficit in the border region. Even in the history of the Party and the memoirs of leaders, there are not many taboos about this, because this is the special national conditions of China in those days caused by history. Since it is impossible to seize the national political power for the time being, what communist party can do is to bow to reality — — Recognize opium’s status as a national hard currency.

Eight roads grow opium on a large scale? Selective slander

After understanding these background knowledge, we began to systematically analyze the reliability of several origins of the statement "the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium on a large scale".

First of all, talk about Yan ‘an Diary. Although this book was born in the background of the break-up between China and the Soviet Union, Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of the book, later admitted that this "Yan ‘an Diary" was compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, but the author dare not completely deny that the historical materials mentioned in "Yan ‘an Diary" must be false, that is, completely unreliable.

Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of Yan ‘an Diary. He later admitted that the diary of Yan ‘an was a work compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In the environment of Yan ‘an at that time, it was difficult for Vladimir to write a "diary" that strongly criticized the leaders of the Communist Party of China, but the biggest Bug of this "diary" was that there were too many contradictions between the contents of the diary and historical facts. For example, Vladimir Mirov directly questioned Mao Zedong about opium in northern Shaanxi, and Deng Xiaoping made an answer. The date of the diary is August 2, 1942, but at this time Deng Xiaoping has been appointed as the secretary of the Taihang Branch of the Communist Party of China. He should be on the Taihang Mountain, not in northern Shaanxi. In addition, the 359th Brigade harvested opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s before the Great Production Movement, and the opium processing factory was located in Chaling &hellip, Hunan Province, which was closely controlled by the Kuomintang. … Mistakes like that, then more.

In a word, there are too many serious contradictions between the contents of Yan ‘an Diary and historical facts. Combined with the historical background of the publication of this work, the original historical status of this work is very questionable.

Secondly, the statement about special goods in Xie Juezai Diary. As it happens, the author has a set of Diary of Xie Juezai edited and published by People’s Publishing House in 1982, and the records of "special goods" in online diaries are indeed true, so the author makes a contextual analysis of these diaries.

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944) and "Anecdotes heard at the forum: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ (When the border currency is recovered, the price of special goods falls, and it is extremely difficult to buy special goods) "(March 12, 1944).

These two days’ diaries all describe Xie Juezai’s own views on the economic problems in the border region, and these are the only paragraphs in the two days’ diaries that mention "special goods" and "black and white goods". Although there is no unanimous conclusion on what kind of products "special goods" are (it is said that "special goods" refer to local specialty salt), even if we assume that "black goods" in "special goods" and "black and white goods" refer to opium, it can only prove that opium is used as hard currency to balance the fiscal deficit in the border region as I said above, and it cannot prove that the Eighth Route Army in communist party has large-scale opium cultivation; The diary on March 12 can be understood as a kind of anxiety of the participants in the forum about the relationship between hard currency and currency.

As for the diary of March 14th, 1944, it said: "When a leading organ starts a thing, it must be very considerate, and often a small step makes a mistake, which can cause great trouble among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " This diary mainly talks about the way of leadership. In 1943, some people in the border area proposed whether to implement "domestic sales of special goods", but this issue quickly caused controversy and was finally rejected. The "domestic sales of special goods" mentioned in the diary should be the discussion of "domestic sales of special goods" in 1943. Combined with the main content of this diary, the diary of March 14th can’t be used as evidence that the Eighth Route Army in communist party planted and sold opium on a large scale.

In addition, Xie Juezai Diary explicitly mentioned drug control for many times and days, but these records were selectively ignored by some scholars. The author now extracts a paragraph:

June 6, 1943

It is proposed to give instructions to the county (city) governments in each district to ban smoking: all commissions and county governments:

Eating opium, a scar left by the old society, has been cured a lot, but there are still a few addicts who have not given up. We must work harder to avoid a resurgence. Unless otherwise prohibited by the prohibition of planting, instructions on the prohibition of eating are given:

……

When summing up the work this year, quitting smoking is one of the assessment results of governments at all levels.

Next, let’s talk about the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County". Huaitai West County refers to Huaiyang, Taikang and Xihua counties. Although there is no definite evidence to prove that this "method" does exist, Huaitai and Xixi counties are surrounded by Japanese-occupied areas. It is hard to imagine that the Japanese army, which is rich in opium, will sit idly by and watch the existence of such a commercial and military competitor. Moreover, there is no mention of cultivation in public institutions in this "method", so it is naturally impossible to prove that opium cultivation is the main economic policy of communist party.

Crucially, Huai, Tai and Xi counties used to be the defense zones of the Kuomintang army in Tang Enbo. At the end of 1944, the Kuomintang army was greatly defeated in the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, and the armed forces behind the enemy lines of the Chinese Communist Party were able to establish this base area. Considering the lag of eradicating opium cultivation, if the proclamation does exist, then this "Measures" is not so much evidence of the Eighth Route Army’s drug manufacturing and trafficking, but rather a profile portrayal of the Kuomintang reactionaries’ opium cultivation and trafficking.

As for the statement that "Zhang Side died in the process of burning opium when his cave collapsed", let’s leave aside the possibility that the Eighth Route Army would be embarrassed and still use the Central Guard Corps to refine opium in 1944, but the biggest loophole of this statement lies in the fact that burning opium is different from burning charcoal. Burning charcoal doesn’t have to be looked after all the time, but refining opium must be looked after all the time. With the ventilation of the cave, the person who looks after the opium will be poisoned, and there is no need to wait until the cave collapses.

After Li Mi led his troops to flee Myanmar, one of his "main businesses" was poppy cultivation. After years of development, the Golden Triangle has gradually become "famous"

The Last Opium of the Republic of China

Having said that, I finally want to talk about how drug control was carried out in New China after the War of Liberation.

In some traditional opium producing areas, party and government workers will level the opium fields, then collect and destroy drugs, and at the same time give some rations to farmers, and then switch to grain after a period of time. Those who take or inject drugs should register and quit within a time limit according to the size and age of their addiction; Secondly, the staff also linked drug rehabilitation with production education, and involved those "addicts" who were not involved in production and behavior degeneration into the tide of industrial and agricultural production, so that they knew that they were members of society and stimulated their determination to give up drugs. In this way, although there are records of serious drug addicts dying from drug addiction attacks all over the country, the vast majority of drug addicts have been thoroughly remoulded after receiving withdrawal treatment and productive labor, and become new people who are useful to society.

One of the earliest sources of the Golden Triangle, a world-famous drug producing area, was the Kuomintang Li Mi and other departments that were beaten out of Yunnan. After living in Myanmar and Thailand, poppy cultivation became one of Li Mi’s "main businesses". After years of development, the Golden Triangle gradually became "famous". And this site rich in drug lords has become the last hiding place of opium in the Republic of China.

After communist party came to power, he made China a glorious "drug-free country"; Although the Kuomintang regime was nominally unified throughout the country, during its reign, China became the world’s first drug producer and consumer, and after its defeat, it also created the world’s largest drug producer. From this point of view, it is never clear who is more worthy of praise and who should be reviled.

Dong Mingzhu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and vice chairman and president of Gree Electric, who is attending the Fourth Session of the 11th National People’s Congress, recently formally submitted two proposals to the conference, calling for improving the recycling mechanism of used electrical appliances and strengthening the consumption tax collection and management of luxury goods enterprises.

　　

Improve the recycling mechanism of waste electrical appliances

　　

According to relevant statistics, at present, the number of TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners in China has reached 350 million, 130 million, 170 million and 120 million respectively. These household appliances began to enter the family in the middle and late 1980s, usually with a service life of 10 to 15 years. Since 2003, at least 5 million TV sets, 4 million refrigerators and 5 million washing machines have to be scrapped in China, and now it is growing geometrically. In addition, at present, there are nearly 20 million computers and 190 million mobile phones in China, and these two electronic products are updated much faster than household appliances. About 5 million computers and tens of millions of mobile phones have entered the elimination period every year. These waste household appliances contain a large number of scarce metal resources in China, which are essentially "urban mines" resources. If China can also attach importance to the development of these "urban mines", it will also be of great significance to the supply and guarantee of national resources.

　　

At present, the main body of e-waste recycling in China is mostly self-employed, which mainly flows to the secondary market and carries out primary dismantling. The means are nothing more than "burning with fire" or "washing with water" (corroded by strong acids such as aqua regia), which not only fails to make full use of these precious resources, but also easily leads to secondary pollution, and pollution problems have already appeared in many places. This situation is unable to undertake the mission of developing "urban mines". If advanced disassembly and treatment technology is adopted, compared with the exploitation and smelting of natural mineral resources, the development of "urban mines" can greatly reduce energy consumption and "three wastes" emission, etc. Recycling and treating waste household appliances and electronic products has many advantages and characteristics: for example, it eliminates the harm to the environment while recycling a large number of useful metals and rare precious metals; Reduce the import of scrap metal from abroad and delay the development of natural mine resources; Save energy consumption, reduce environmental pressure, etc. It is difficult to deal with the electronic waste in cities, and it relies heavily on the new recycling technology, and the relevant regulations of the state are issued late, which leads to the high start-up capital investment in the development of "urban mines", which is one of the main reasons why "urban mines" have not been paid attention to for a long time and it is difficult to wake up after a long sleep.

　　

In a sense, attaching importance to the development of "urban mines" is no less than the development of natural mine resources. Because the development of "urban mines" is more environmentally friendly, more ecological and more economical. Dong Mingzhu believes that on April 1st, 2010, the Technical Specification for Pollution Control of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products was issued and formally implemented, and on January 1st, 2011, the Regulations on the Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Recycling (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and other supporting policies and measures were formally implemented. Although the promulgation and implementation of these regulations have greatly promoted the recycling of waste household appliances in China into the journey of environmental protection, they are still insufficient.

　　

To this end, Dong Mingzhu suggested: First, the construction of laws, regulations and systems needs to be further improved. In recent years, although the waste electrical and electronic processing industry has developed rapidly, due to the late start of the industry, the requirements of relevant authorities on specific processing methods and standards have not been clear, resulting in a variety of processing technologies and equipment. Although the "Regulations" regulate the responsibilities of interested parties, it is a little too general and not very operational. The responsibilities of producers, wasters and recyclers of electronic and electrical products are not clearly defined in the Regulations. There is no mention of specific measures to cultivate national environmental awareness; The encouragement policy for production enterprises to participate in the treatment is not clear; The supervision and management measures are not refined, and the punishment is far from enough. If the above problems are not solved, it will make it difficult to standardize the recycling operation, and the situation of "regular army" and "guerrilla" is still impossible to change substantially.

　　

Second, the establishment and improvement of the recycling system. How to subvert the current scattered and disorderly guerrilla traditional resource recovery model, and establish and improve a modern recovery system is the key link in the exploitation of urban mine resources. The recycling channel is not smooth, and it is difficult to concentrate a large number of discarded household appliances and electronic products, which leads to the formal dismantling enterprises "cooking without rice", while "guerrillas" and "small workshops" are booming. It is suggested that the government introduce mandatory policies for the recycling system, strengthen the responsibilities of the government, consumers, recyclers/producers and recycling fund management committees, vigorously implement resource recycling and waste reduction, and encourage the participation of the whole people through feedback, so as to establish and improve the recycling system.

　　

Third, strengthen supervision and management. Up to now, most policies on "urban mines" are multi-door and multi-head management, which increases the difficulty of policy coordination. The recycling and harmless disposal of waste household appliances and electronic products involves many links such as product production, circulation, consumption, recovery, disassembly, recycling and final disposal, and involves more than 10 government administrative departments, and the policies of these administrative departments must be coordinated to promote the healthy development of waste recycling industry. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the current situation that supervision is not in place, it is suggested that the government set up a special management department to be fully responsible for managing the whole process of recycling waste household appliances and electronic products, so as to prevent the disorderly situation of "Jiulong Water Control".

　　

Strengthen the collection and management of consumption tax in luxury enterprises

　　

According to statistics, at present, China has become an important market for luxury consumption in the world, including not only luxury goods such as luxury cars, but also daily consumer goods such as business jets and yachts for some rich people in China. Of course, this also proves from one side that China’s economy is growing stronger and stronger. However, we should pay attention to the tax problem of luxury consumption, which is not only about the seriousness of tax law implementation, but also about the fairness and justice of income distribution.

　　

In 2003, the total personal income tax revenue in China was 141.8 billion yuan, accounting for 6.5% of the total national tax revenue from 1.4% in 1994. However, until 2010, the personal income tax accounted for 6.6% of the national tax revenue, which shows that the proportion of individual income tax has not increased with the increase of the income of high-income groups. The key reason is that the rich don’t really pay taxes according to their income. "High-income earners pay more taxes" doesn’t mean "rich people pay more taxes". The high-income earners mentioned here are mainly wage earners.

　　

At present, many bosses of private enterprises only give themselves a symbolic salary, and their luxury consumption, such as airplanes, yachts, luxury cars, high-end clubs, etc., are all purchased and paid in the name of enterprises, all of which are made into "expense costs" from accounting. Operating through enterprises not only evades personal income tax, but also deducts corporate income tax. Article 8 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that "reasonable expenses actually incurred by an enterprise related to income, including costs, expenses, taxes, losses and other expenses, are allowed to be deducted when calculating taxable income", and Article 11 stipulates that "depreciation deduction is not allowed for the following fixed assets: fixed assets unrelated to business activities". Therefore, according to the provisions of the tax law, personal and family expenses, consumption of business owners and depreciation of fixed assets purchased for personal consumption are not allowed before tax.

　　

In this regard, Dong Mingzhu said that the state can stop the "reasonable tax avoidance" of some business owners through the collection of consumption tax of luxury enterprises. She suggested that with reference to the management standards of state-owned enterprises, unified management standards and norms should be introduced for all enterprises, and a step-by-step tax rate should be imposed on some enterprises’ consumption exceeding the standard.

Wenxue business data school

On July 16th, SMIC was officially listed in science and technology innovation board. Although the outstanding shares in A shares only account for about 14% of the total issued shares, and the P/E ratio is as high as 113.12 times (calculated at the issue price of 27.46 yuan/share), it still received enthusiastic pursuit and the opening price soared. On the other hand, TSMC, the world’s largest wafer foundry with SMIC as the benchmark, will also release its financial report for the second quarter of 2020 today.

Chips are generally divided into three links — — Chip design, chip manufacturing and chip packaging testing, among which, the wafer foundry link in chip manufacturing where SMIC and TSMC are located is one of the weakest links in Chinese mainland’s chip industry chain at present.

"First-class design, second-class packaging and testing, and third-class chip manufacturing", Sheng Linghai, vice president of global consulting firm Gartner Semiconductor Research Group and analyst, commented on the current situation of Chinese mainland’s chip industry and global benchmarking to Business Data School. "At present, Huawei Hisilicon’s chip design is already the world’s first-class level, and the technical threshold for packaging and testing is relatively low, but the chip manufacturing link — — The technology including upstream mask aligner equipment and wafer foundry is still far from the world’s first-class. "

According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 20 chip companies listed or to be listed in science and technology innovation board from April to July, but only one chip manufacturer is SMIC.

Just recently, at the moment when the "half-time war" in chip manufacturing was tense, the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that it had broken through the 5-nanometer lithography technology, and SMIC had also developed a production process below 7 nanometers, which could be mass-produced by the end of the year, which brought a glimmer of light to the localization of chips, but how much did these relieve the urgent demand for high-end chips in one to three years?

Business Data School made a detailed comparison between SMIC and TSMC in the past five years. From the perspective of revenue scale (see the figure below for details), TSMC’s revenue has always been more than 10 times that of SMIC, while its wafer shipment is only about 2-3 times, which means that SMIC’s price per wafer is cheaper than TSMC’s, which shows that SMIC’s bargaining power is far lower than TSMC’s.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

(Cartography: Business Data School)

According to the rough calculation of Business Data School, in 2019, the shipment price of TSMC per wafer was about $3,609.1, while that of SMIC was only $619.6, with a price difference of six times.

(Cartography: Business Data School)　

It is precisely because of the low price that SMIC’s gross profit margin has remained between 20% and 30%, far below TSMC’s gross profit margin of over 45%.

　The reason why the price gap is so large is that SMIC’s mass-produced products are still relatively backward. In 2019, the two areas with the largest production capacity are still between 0.15/0.18 micron and 55/65 nm, while the current world-class high-end chips are mainly 14 nm, especially at 28 nm. Now there has been a global overcapacity situation.

At present, the revenue of SMIC’s 14 nm and 28 nm process products is relatively low, and the 28 nm process products are facing the risks of overcapacity, continuous decline in revenue, high depreciation pressure and negative gross profit margin.

In the past three years, the revenue of SMIC’s 28 nm process products was divided into 1.63 billion yuan, 1.24 billion yuan and 810 million yuan, accounting for 8.12%, 6.19% and 4.03% respectively, and the revenue and proportion continued to decline; In the fourth quarter of 2019, mass production of 14 nm process products began, and the related income was 57.0615 million yuan, accounting for 0.29%.

To sum up, SMIC has transferred some general equipment originally used in the 28 nm process to other processes with higher profits.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

This also directly determines the level of net profit. The net interest rates of SMIC in recent three years are 5.1%, 2.3% and 4.1%, which are far lower than the net interest rates of TSMC of 32.3%, 34.0% and 35.1%.

After deducting non-recurring gains and losses in 2018 and 2019, SMIC’s net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was negative, which were-6.168 billion yuan and-5.22 billion yuan respectively.

Behind the difference in chip prices between SMIC and TSMC is the gap in advanced technology. To further enhance commercial competitiveness, we must catch up technically.

The rich terminal application scenarios of integrated circuits determine that the mainstream technology nodes and processes of chip products in various sub-sectors are different, and the technology iteration and corresponding market demand change rapidly.

Advanced technology generally advances one generation after one to three years, such as TSMC’s mass production of 16 nm /14 nm in 2015, 10 nm in 2016, 7 nm in 2018 and 5 nm in 2020. If the technology iteration of wafer foundry lags behind the technological requirements of product application, it will not meet the needs of the market and customers.

According to IC Insights statistics, TSMC accounted for 59% of the global pure wafer foundry market share in 2018, and SMIC accounted for 6%. The mass production time of SMIC’s 14 nm process is 2019, and the next generation process has entered the stage of customer introduction.

Although the research and development of advanced technology needs constant capital investment and accumulation, the emergence of key technical figures can often push this process forward a long way.

A key figure behind SMIC’s breakthrough in 14 nm and 7 nm technology is Liang Mengsong, the co-CEO of SMIC. In just 298 days, the difficulty of 14 nm process technology was overcome, and the yield of the process was improved to 95%.

As a former research and development backbone of TSMC, Liang Mengsong is one of the top ten chip talents in the world. After leaving TSMC for half a year in 2009, Liang Mengsong joined Samsung, which directly upgraded Samsung’s technical level by one generation, from 28 nm to 14 nm.

The next SMIC to conquer is the mass production of 7 nanometers.

In addition, according to Liang Mengsong, the development route of SMIC’s 7nm process technology is not much different from TSMC’s. On the 7 nm process node, three types have been developed, among which the manufacturing process of N7 and N7P can not use EUV lithography technology, while the process of N7+ will use EUV technology, but even if EUV technology is used, the number of mask layers is very small.

On the 5nm process node, EUV lithography technology has been fully utilized, and the number of mask layers can reach as many as 14, which is a high technical level in the industry. — — This is also the part that TSMC is currently trying to mass-produce.

In addition, in terms of production capacity, TSMC currently operates a 150mm fab, six 200mm fabs, five 300mm fabs and four advanced back-end fabs. In 2019, the annual production capacity (in terms of 12-inch equivalent wafers) was about 12.3 million wafers, while in 2018 it was about 12 million wafers. This growth was mainly due to the expansion of 7-nanometer technology.

The layout of SMIC’s fabs is as follows: there are a 300mm fab, a 200mm fab and a controlled 300mm advanced process fab in Shanghai; There is a 300mm wafer factory and a holding 300mm advanced process wafer factory in Beijing. There are two 200mm fabs in Tianjin and Shenzhen. There is a holding 300mm bump processing joint venture factory in Jiangyin.

Since it is a strong technology-driven business, it is inevitable to invest in research and development. The figure below shows the magnitude and proportion of global chip companies’ investment in R&D in 2019.

　Taking SMIC as an example, R&D expenses mainly include depreciation expenses, research and testing expenses, employee compensation expenses, etc. From 2017 to 2019, R&D expenses were 3.57 billion yuan, 4.47 billion yuan and 4.74 billion yuan respectively, showing an increasing trend.

However, the fastest growth is actually "depreciation expense", which is due to the purchase of some advanced machinery and equipment with higher unit price, which makes depreciation expense increase year by year, accounting for 30.34% of R&D expenses in 2019.

Secondly, the cost of research and testing is mainly the sample fee, which was 1.31 billion yuan in 2019, accounting for 27.70% of the research and development expenses, and the research and development efficiency has improved.

Thirdly, it is the salary cost of R&D personnel. In 2019, the salary of R&D personnel of SMIC exceeded 900 million yuan.

Sheng Linghai revealed that due to the current hot chip industry, chip engineers are very expensive at present. A chip design engineer with 10 years of experience has an annual salary of more than 1 million.

Let’s go back to the landing of SMIC in science and technology innovation board. The main purpose of raising funds is also for the construction of new production lines and R&D reserves. Among them, the investment of the 12-inch chip SN1 project is 8 billion yuan, which is used to meet part of the capital demand for building a 12-inch production line project with a monthly production capacity of 35,000 pieces, and the production technology level has been upgraded to 14 nanometers and below; Advanced and mature technology research and development project reserve fund project raised funds of 4 billion yuan for technology research and development to enhance the company’s market competitiveness.

Although the localization of chips is the general trend, the trend of globalization has not changed — — The chip was designed in the United States, processed in Taiwan, China, packaged in Malaysia, and finally sent to China for production and global sales.

"The birth of semiconductors is a result of the common development of all countries. So far, no country can have a complete semiconductor industry chain by itself." Su Wei, general manager of China Resources Microelectronics OEM Group, said, "At present, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic chips is less than 30%, and the development of China’s entire semiconductor industry chain is obviously short-board, but in the field of power semiconductors, we see that it is the first to break through and the gap with the international first-class technology level is narrowing."

At present, the low-end chips can be basically localized, but if we want to go to the high end, the wafer foundry link where SMIC is located will be a key link for the 7-nanometer mass production in the next three years. If it can be successfully realized, Chinese mainland’s chip manufacturing will take another step towards the world-class goal.

　 　　National Health Commission reported on April 15th that on April 14th, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 3,472 newly confirmed local cases, including 3,200 in Shanghai, 174 in Jilin and 22 in Guangdong. There were 20,694 new asymptomatic local infections, including 19,872 in Shanghai, 342 in Jilin, 136 in Guangxi and 49 in Jiangsu.

　　The Beijing Youth Daily reporter found out that on April 14th, after a lapse of seven days in Shanghai, the number of asymptomatic local infections dropped to less than 20,000 in a single day. However, 3,200 new confirmed cases in Shanghai were the highest in a single day since March 1.

　　Shanghai

　　In order to do a good job of centralized isolation of local secret personnel

　　Try your best to make a good housing reserve.

　　On the morning of April 15th, Peng Shenlei, vice mayor of Shanghai, introduced the situation of raising isolated houses for secret workers in Shanghai at the press conference on epidemic prevention and control in Shanghai.

　　Peng Shenlei said that in order to do a good job of centralized isolation of local secret workers, all districts in Shanghai have tried their best to do a good job in housing reserves through collection, relocation and merger. At present, the houses raised can basically meet the requirements for the isolation of secret workers generated on the same day.

　　Peng Shenlei introduced that after the secret workers go to the centralized isolation place, in principle, they will implement a single room, measure temperature every morning and evening, and conduct regular nucleic acid testing. In addition, the centralized isolation places will do their best to ensure the life of the close contact personnel, pay attention to personal situation and needs, strengthen care and psychological counseling, and prevent the problem of inadequate life service guarantee.

　　At the press conference, Peng Shenlei said that the management service of isolated places for close contact personnel involves many aspects. "We will do our best to do relevant work to ensure the health and safety of isolated observers. Finally, I want to say that there are still many shortcomings in our work. Please also ask the general public to supervise and make suggestions. We will do our best to improve. "

　　Hospitals are not allowed to wait for nucleic acid test results.

　　Delaying patient treatment for reasons

　　In response to reports from Shanghai residents that it took a long time to detect nucleic acids when they went to the emergency department, the person in charge of the relevant departments of the Shanghai Municipal Health and Health Commission said that public medical institutions at all levels have been required to fully ensure openness, strictly implement the responsibility system for first consultation, and ensure medical services. "We ask hospitals not to refuse to shirk or delay treatment on the grounds of waiting for the results of nucleic acid tests. In order to speed up nucleic acid detection, medical institutions have been required to operate the laboratory 24 hours a day during the epidemic, increase manpower, increase shifts, and minimize patient waiting time. "

　　People with difficulties in basic life

　　Can get temporary assistance

　　Jiang Rui, director of the Shanghai Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, said at the press conference that the streets (towns and villages) where the household registration is located will promptly verify the situation and give temporary assistance to the people who have temporary difficulties in their basic lives due to the epidemic; For those who have caused great difficulties in life due to the epidemic, the "one thing, one discussion" method will be adopted to increase the rescue efforts; In view of the recent increase in vegetable prices, one-time subsidies will be given to people in need, such as urban and rural minimum living allowances, extremely poor people, and living assistance recipients from poor families.

　　In response to the resettlement of homeless people, Jiang Rui said that those who are registered in Shanghai or have a place of residence should be helped to return to their place of residence as close as possible. "For those who meet the conditions of leaving Shanghai and ask to return home, we will subsidize them to return home. For those who are willing to work in Shanghai temporarily, we will also help contact the relevant suitable positions."

　　Jiang Rui said that for vagrants and beggars who really have no livelihood, the relevant departments will persuade them to go to the rescue management stations at the urban level to receive assistance. For other special circumstances that cannot be diverted at the moment, the local government has implemented temporary resettlement sites to ensure basic living.

　　Shanxi

　　Four places have appeared.

　　Infected by express delivery epidemic

　　Shanxi Yun Da Express epidemic spread chain is still extending on April 15th.

　　The epidemic prevention and control headquarters of novel coronavirus, fan shi, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province issued a notice on April 15th, saying that fan shi found a case of infection with positive initial screening of nucleic acid detection when he took the initiative to detect the key population on April 14th, which was a centralized isolation medical observer. This person is a truck driver who travels between Qingxu County, Taiyuan City and fan shi, Xinzhou City by Yunda Express.

　　At the same time, after Yuci District of Jinzhong City reported two cases of infection among employees of Yunda Express Distribution Center in Qingxu County, Taiyuan on the 14th, Taigu District of Jinzhong City reported again on the 15th that a person with positive initial screening was found, who was also an employee of Yunda Distribution Center in Qingxu County.

　　Yingxian County, Shuozhou, Shanxi Province also issued a document on the 15th, saying that on the 14th, a temporary sorter of Yunda Express, Zhao Moumou, was found infected again after a person in charge of Yunda Express Station was found infected on the evening of the 13th. So far, two staff members involved in Yunda Express have been found to be infected in Shuozhou City. Since then, it has been reported that three relatives of Zhao have been confirmed to be infected with COVID-19.

　　According to the circular issued by Taiyuan Epidemic Prevention and Control Office on April 15th, as of 18: 00 on the 14th, there were 7 confirmed cases, 29 asymptomatic infected cases and 23 positive cases to be diagnosed in Qingxu Yunda Express Logistics Park. Together with the three infected people found in Jinzhong City, 62 positive people have been found in Yunda Express Logistics Park in Qingxu County.

　　Many places have been charged

　　Yun da express personnel fu hong code

　　In view of the epidemic situation involving Yun Da Express in many places, Beijing Youth Daily reporter noticed that several prefecture-level cities in Shanxi issued notices, demanding that people who have received Yun Da Express since April 7 be given red code management and "7+5" home isolation be implemented.

　　On April 14, the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19, Yangquan City, Shanxi Province reported that all the people who have received Yunda Express in the city since April 7 will be given red code management and "7+5" home isolation will be implemented; Carry out home health monitoring for those who have received other express delivery, and carry out no less than 2 times of nucleic acid or antigen detection. Decode in time after the end of home isolation.

　　On April 14th, the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19, Lvliang also reported that all the people who have received Yunda Express in the city since April 7th were given red codes and "7+5" home isolation was implemented.

　　On April 14th, the General Dispatching Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control of Linfen City reported that all residents, station personnel, community security personnel and recipients who have received or may come into contact with Yunda Express parcels since April 7th will be given red codes, and "7+5" home isolation will be implemented, which will be decoded in time after the home isolation is completed; For those who have received other express delivery, carry out home health monitoring and carry out nucleic acid or antigen detection at least twice.

　　The official WeChat official account of Taiyuan issued a circular on 15th, saying that Taiyuan requires the personnel who have received or contacted postal express parcels since April 7th to report immediately, implement 7-day home health monitoring, assign yellow codes, and the community (village) and unit will immediately organize two free antigen screening or nucleic acid detection.

　　Taiyuan appeals to consumers.

　　Say "no" to price gouging.

　　In order to maintain the market prices of daily necessities and epidemic prevention materials such as vegetables and non-staple food, and create a good consumption environment, Taiyuan Consumers Association recently appealed to consumers to say "no" to unscrupulous merchants’ behavior of driving up prices through the epidemic situation, and actively provided clues through various channels to protect their legitimate rights and interests and help prevent and control the epidemic situation.

　　At present, Taiyuan actively takes measures to organize the supply of goods, increase the supply of reserves, and ensure that the supply of living materials in the market is abundant, uninterrupted and not out of stock. However, according to consumers, there are still some unscrupulous merchants who take advantage of the epidemic to drive up commodity prices and seek improper benefits.

　　To this end, the market supervision department of Taiyuan City issued a "Reminding and Warning Letter on Regulating Price Behavior during Epidemic Prevention and Control" in time, warning the city’s operators to strictly abide by the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law" and other laws and regulations, so as to operate in accordance with the law and with integrity.

　　In the past few days, the market supervision department of Taiyuan City has made a heavy attack and strictly investigated price violations such as price gouging and hoarding. At the same time, in order to protect consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, Taiyuan Consumers Association will carry out key social supervision on price gouging during the epidemic, and appeal to consumers to actively provide clues for unscrupulous merchants to sell high prices through the epidemic through 12315 telephone and WeChat, Taiyuan Consumers Association official website, WeChat WeChat official account, official Weibo, mail, Tik Tok and video number. Taiyuan Consumers Association will promptly investigate and verify, and severely punish unscrupulous merchants through public criticism, support for consumer claims, and transfer to relevant departments for punishment.

　　Guangdong

　　There are still some people in Baiyun District of Guangzhou who have not been tested for nucleic acid.

　　Chen Bin, deputy director and spokesperson of Guangzhou Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, introduced at the press conference on epidemic prevention and control on April 15th that from 15: 00 on April 14th to 15: 00 on April 15th, there were 27 new Covid-19-positive cases in Guangzhou, including 20 confirmed cases and 7 asymptomatic cases. Since April 8th, 158 cases of Covid-19 infection have been reported in this epidemic.

　　According to reports, the above-mentioned infected people are all associated with the previously announced cases in Baiyun District or the places where the cluster epidemic occurred. They are currently admitted to the Eighth Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University and their condition is stable.

　　Li Ding, deputy director of Guangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, said at the press conference that since the outbreak, Guangzhou’s market supervision system has investigated and dealt with 15 cases of price violations, including 10 cases in Baiyun District, 3 cases in Liwan District, 1 case in Yuexiu District and 1 case in Tianhe District. According to the price monitoring, no obvious price change has been found recently, and the price in the closed and controlled areas of Baiyun District has dropped from the previous period.

　　Wang Xiaojie, deputy head of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, said that according to the analysis, the recent new cases in Baiyun District basically came from the control area or those who had been intensively isolated. She said that every time a nucleic acid test is conducted, the relevant institutions will remind them by telephone, WeChat, door-to-door, etc., and strive not to miss one household or one person. However, from the comparison results of big data, some people still fail to participate in nucleic acid testing as required. "Taking the initiative to do a good job in nucleic acid testing is not only to protect themselves, but also to protect their families and others. Failure to participate in nucleic acid testing will bring a lot of inconvenience to life, and those who cause serious consequences will have to bear corresponding legal responsibilities."

　　Jilin (Province)

　　Ensure the price stability of daily necessities.

　　The website of the Health and Health Commission of Jilin Province reported on April 15th that there were 174 newly confirmed local cases (168 mild cases, 4 common cases and 2 severe cases) in Jilin Province on April 14th, including 138 cases in Changchun City (including 79 asymptomatic infected persons converted into confirmed cases), 30 cases in Jilin City and 6 cases in Baicheng City (including 2 asymptomatic infected persons converted into confirmed cases). There were 342 new asymptomatic local infections, including 298 cases in Changchun, 40 cases in Jilin, 2 cases in Songyuan and 2 cases in Baicheng.

　　On April 14th, 765 new cases were cured and discharged from hospital in Jilin Province, including 377 cases in Jilin, 373 cases in Changchun, 6 cases in Siping, 6 cases in Baicheng, 2 cases in Yanbian and 1 case in baishan city. 1282 cases of asymptomatic infected people were observed by the newly-added medical treatment of removing isolation, including 839 cases in Changchun and 443 cases in Jilin.

　　The reporter learned from the press conference on the prevention and control of epidemic situation in Jilin Province held on the 15th that the market supervision department of Jilin Province has continuously increased the price supervision of daily necessities to ensure the stable market order.

　　Zhao Guanghui, deputy director of the Jilin Provincial Market Supervision and Management Department, said that the regulatory authorities should pay close attention to the three-level supply guarantee system of wholesale markets, large supermarkets and community convenience stores, strengthen law enforcement inspections and reminders, dynamically adjust the regulatory focus and strengthen online channel supervision according to changes in the closed control areas and market supply guarantee. At present, more than 1,500 administrative interviews have been conducted, and more than 8,200 price reminders have been issued, releasing the signal of strict supervision.

　　In response to reports from the masses, the Jilin Provincial Market Supervision and Management Department conducts daily scheduling and daily ranking on the settlement rate of complaints and reports from all over the country. At present, the province has accepted more than 4,300 price complaints and reports related to the epidemic situation, with a settlement rate of over 98%. "I contacted the complainant within 2 hours, verified it within 24 hours, and settled it within 72 hours." Zhao Guanghui said.

　　During this period, community group buying, platform booking, WeChat booking and telephone ordering became the main channels for many residents to purchase living materials. Zhao Guanghui said that law enforcement departments have maintained a high-pressure situation against price fraud and shoddy goods in online ordering. Since this round of epidemic, the market supervision department of the whole province has inspected operators for 88,100 times, ordered more than 5,400 problems to be rectified, investigated and handled 155 cases of price violations, and announced typical cases to the society, which has formed a powerful shock. Zhao Guanghui said that consumers should keep information such as purchase records and communication records with operators when ordering online, so that they can be used as relevant evidence when defending their rights.

　　Yunnan(Province)

　　One person found infection after driving through many places to Kunming.

　　On April 15th, the headquarters of the Leading Group for the Response to novel coronavirus’s Pneumonia reported that there was a new case of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in Kunming from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on April 14th.

　　According to the circular, the asymptomatic infected person arrived in Kunming from Shanghai via Zhejiang, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan Qujing on April 10. After getting off the expressway in Chenggong District, Kunming on April 13th, I took a bus to the hospital for nucleic acid sampling, then drove a truck to the door of a company to wait for unloading, and then was brought under control.

　　Jiangsu(Province)

　　Six of the newly infected people in Suzhou are from other provinces and cities.

　　On April 15th, the Joint Prevention and Control Command of COVID-19, Suzhou issued a notice saying that on April 14th, there were 41 new cases of asymptomatic infection in Suzhou.

　　According to the circular, there have been many cases of COVID-19-positive infections in Suzhou recently, and the city is strictly implementing differentiated management of classification and zoning. Those who come back to Suzhou deliberately conceal or fail to report in time, resulting in the spread of the epidemic, will bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

　　According to the epidemiological information, among the 41 newly infected people, 6 people came from other provinces and cities to Suzhou, temporarily stayed in the North Square of Suzhou Railway Station, and were later found to be infected.

　　In addition, epidemiological information shows that there is a family of four people infected in Taicang City, Suzhou, namely a man and his son, spouse and sister.

　　Hubei(Province)

　　Wuhan will pilot the health code "gray code"

　　On April 15th, according to the news released by Hubei, Wuhan CDC recently sent some citizens a text message with pilot gray code.

　　According to the short message, Omicron mutant spreads faster and is more concealed. Repeated nucleic acid testing in the region as soon as possible to find out all potential infected people is an important strategy to realize the dynamic clearing of the epidemic situation as soon as possible. At present, Wuhan is speeding up the detection of encrypted nucleic acid in order to find out the possible infected people from the crowd. "For the health of you and others, please actively fulfill your personal responsibility for epidemic prevention and control and actively cooperate with nucleic acid testing and sampling."

　　According to the short message, the pilot project in Wuhan has given gray code management to the health codes of those who have not been tested for nucleic acids. Gray code personnel are strictly restricted from entering crowded public places (except medical and health institutions), and it is strictly forbidden to take public transport and network car; After the sampling is completed, the gray code can be automatically changed to the green code. Text/reporter Qu Chang Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency

　　Coordinator/Photo courtesy of Jiang Shuo/Xinhua News Agency, vision china

　　On March 29th, Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd. (600104.SH, hereinafter referred to as "()") released its annual report for 2023.

　　The financial report shows that the total operating income of SAIC in 2023 was 744.705 billion yuan, which increased steadily; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies is 14.106 billion yuan; Deducted non-net profit was 10.04 billion yuan, up 11.71% year-on-year.

　　In addition, the basic earnings per share of SAIC is 1.226 yuan, and the weighted average return on equity is 4.98%. This year, SAIC continued to give back large dividends to shareholders, and it plans to distribute a cash dividend of 3.69 yuan (including tax) for every 10 shares, totaling 4.23 billion yuan (including tax). Since its listing, SAIC has accumulated more than 130 billion yuan in dividends.

　　In 2023, the China automobile market and even the global automobile market are experiencing a historic moment, with the industrial transformation surging, the price war filled with smoke, and the new forces of automobile manufacturing, traditional automobile enterprises and joint venture brands competing for each other. In the face of unprecedented industry changes and challenges, many veteran players are faced with a sharp decline in net profit and even a loss of transformation pain.

　　SAIC has resisted the pressure and defended its position with a bright report card. Among the national teams of listed car companies that have disclosed the results of fiscal year 2023, SAIC Group’s revenue, net profit, gross profit and other indicators are far ahead, among which the net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses has achieved double-digit growth, maintaining healthy and steady development potential, and the future profit level is expected to remain at a high level.

　　The new troika is making great efforts.

　　In 2023, in the face of multiple challenges such as the cold start of the domestic auto market, unprecedented fierce price competition and accelerated evolution of industry changes, SAIC formulated and implemented the "Three-year Action Plan for the Development of New Energy Vehicles", and the new troika of independent brands, new energy and overseas business made strong efforts, and the transformation of growth kinetic energy continued to accelerate. In 2023, the total vehicle sales of SAIC reached 5.021 million, ranking first in China for 18 consecutive years.

　　In terms of new energy vehicles and overseas sales, SAIC reached a new record high. In 2022, SAIC took the lead in "two million vehicles", and in 2023, it pursued victory. SAIC’s new energy vehicles sold 1.123 million vehicles throughout the year, up 4.6% year-on-year, ranking second among domestic car companies. The annual overseas sales reached 1.208 million vehicles, up by 18.8% year-on-year, ranking first in the domestic industry for the eighth consecutive year, helping China’s automobile exports surpass Japan and rank first in the world.

　　The performance of SAIC’s own brands is also particularly outstanding, with a total vehicle sales of 2.775 million new cars, accounting for more than 55% of the company’s sales, an increase of 2.5 percentage points over 2022. Thanks to the bumper harvest in overseas markets, the sales volume of SAIC passenger cars was 986,000, up 17.5% year-on-year; SAIC Chase’s sales also increased by 5.84% year-on-year to 226,700 vehicles.

　　In addition, the sales volume of Zhiji automobile, which mainly focuses on the mid-to high-end market, also reached 38,300 units, an increase of 665.06% year-on-year. In October last year, Zhiji LS6 helped Zhiji Automobile break through the previous sales bottleneck with the advantage of high cost performance, especially in terms of intelligent functions. For example, the first vertical GPT large model in the industry, "Zhiji Generative Large Model", was delivered online simultaneously with Zhiji LS6. In addition, all IM AD equipped with Zhiji LS6 have the ability to go to high-precision map NOA. At present, high-speed elevated NOA has covered high-speed sections in 333 cities across the country, totaling 389,000 kilometers. Not long ago, Zhiji Automobile obtained five L3 autopilot test licenses in Shanghai, taking the lead in conducting L3 autopilot road public test.

　　At the moment of great changes in the global automobile industry, the automobile going out to sea is full of opportunities but also faces great challenges. However, SAIC firmly grasps the golden window of "going out" and makes use of the first-Mover advantage of the whole industry chain to quickly enter the international market and fill the gap of foreign users’ demand for new energy vehicles.

　　It is understood that in overseas sales, SAIC’s own brand sales accounted for nearly 92%, and new energy vehicle sales accounted for nearly 24%. Among them, the global sales of MG brand exceeded 840,000 vehicles, and overseas sales continued to lead the domestic industry. The star product MG4EV, SAIC’s first global vehicle, was equipped with the exclusive serialization platform of "Xingyun" pure electricity independently developed by SAIC. Now it has landed in more than 80 countries on six continents, and successfully won more than 30 overseas authoritative awards such as "British, French, German and Australian Grand Slam of the Year".

　　It is worth noting that in fiscal year 2023, the gross profit margin of SAIC’s automobile manufacturing industry was 10.19%, up 0.58 percentage points year-on-year, of which the gross profit margin of vehicle business was 5.79%, up 1.25 percentage points year-on-year. In the past year, SAIC focused on optimizing the production and marketing structure. Last year, the sales volume of new energy passenger cars with a price of more than 150,000 yuan accounted for 43.6%, up 19.2 percentage points from 2022. Not only did the vehicle sales increase quarter by quarter, but the operating income increased steadily year-on-year. Technology research and development into a new growth point

　　In the industry’s view, in 2023, the automobile industry has entered the knockout stage in the second half, and the operation ability, product competitiveness, dynamic market adjustment and continuous iteration of technology of automobile enterprises are crucial, which will be further integrated and eliminated in the next three years.

　　Guan Mingyu, a global partner of McKinsey, once pointed out that car companies should promote the high-quality development of innovation, and the strength of software capability will be the key to determine the technical level of car companies in the future and the main battlefield for future competition. Car companies should accelerate the cultivation and improvement of software capabilities by building innovative product definition capabilities, implementing the software cooperation ecosystem, cultivating agile development capabilities, and decoupling software and hardware.

　　In 2023, SAIC accelerated its competitive advantage in the core technology field of electric intelligent networking, and built a brand-new "technological life body" with "strong heart, agile body and intelligent brain" for the future, which is the technical card for SAIC to gallop in the future.

　　In terms of "strong heart", the quasi-900V silicon carbide platform with greater torque, higher power and higher rotation speed has already landed on Zhiji LS6, which is also the first vehicle equipped with "quasi-900V dual silicon carbide high-performance platform". Its maximum working voltage is 875V, rated voltage is 751V, and it adopts high-performance dual silicon carbide power module & customized ceramic bearing, with an acceleration of 3.48s at zero speed and a top speed of 252km/h. Thanks to the battery with the maximum charging rate of 3.75c, the peak charging power of Zhiji LS6 reaches 396kW, and it can be recharged for 200 kilometers in 5 minutes. It is reported that SAIC pure electric vehicles will enter the "2-second acceleration club" this year.

　　On March 25th, Tamia Liu, co-CEO of Zhiji Automobile, issued a document saying that "Zhiji L6 will launch Wang Fried on the basis of quasi-900V super-performance platform: the first ultra-fast rechargeable solid-state battery for mass production!" It is reported that Zhiji L6 will be officially released in April, and its 100kWh semi-solid battery equipped with Qingtao Energy is the first quasi-900V ultra-fast charging solid-state battery in the industry, with energy density increased by more than 50%, battery cost decreased by more than 10%, CLTC battery life of 1000 kilometers can be achieved, and its performance is safer and more reliable.

　　Since 2018, SAIC and Qingtao Energy have started technical cooperation around solid-state batteries. At present, the first generation of solid-state batteries has been loaded. It is understood that the energy density of the solid-state batteries can reach 0.368KWh per kilogram under the premise of achieving zero out-of-control and thermal out-of-control, which is equivalent to doubling the energy density of phosphoric acid batteries and the highest battery life can reach 1083 kilometers.

　　Last year, the two sides set up a joint venture company to jointly develop a new generation of solid-state battery products. "Safety performance, energy density and even cost will be better than the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery, which can greatly improve the cruising range of electric vehicles and solve the problem of users’ anxiety about electric vehicle mileage. At the same time, if the scale is achieved, the cost of solid-state batteries can be about 10%-30% lower than that of current batteries, laying a very good foundation for our real large-scale application of industrialization. " Lu Yong, executive vice president of SAIC Innovation Research and Development Institute, said. According to him, in 2025, new models including Zhiji, Feifan, Roewe, MG and other brands will be equipped with a new generation of solid-state batteries, and it is expected that the solid-state batteries will reach the scale of more than 100,000 vehicles.

　　In terms of "agile body", SAIC pioneered the vehicle central coordinated motion control platform (VMC), which can realize three-way and six-degree-of-freedom coordinated control, thus opening a new era of digital chassis of smart cars, enabling vehicles to keep the body stable under different driving modes and complex road conditions; Innovative functions, such as steering by wire and crab walking, will take the lead in mass production on Zhiji L6.

　　"Zero Beam shoulders the heavy responsibility of SAIC’s electric intelligent transformation and is SAIC’s’ smart brain’." Li Jun, vice president of the Innovation Research and Development Institute of SAIC and CEO of Zero Beam Technology, once said that from 2024, the full-stack 3.0 smart car solution of SAIC Zero Beam Galaxy will be implemented step by step, and the full-stack electronic architecture will adopt the concept of "central computing+regional control" of intelligent human-like structure, upgrade the high-performance supercomputing platform with cabin-driving integration, and deeply integrate with IOT ecology to create a "central brain" for smart electric vehicles. The new product will halve the number of controllers, increase the data bandwidth by five times, reduce the harness length by 30% and increase the OTA speed by 70% through domain fusion technology. In addition, the vehicle will have the ability of self-learning, self-evolution and self-growth.

　　Now, with the release of the annual report in 2023, SAIC will continue to focus on the new electric intelligent track, accelerate the formation and continuous expansion of new quality productivity, lead the industrial transformation and upgrading, and strive to make greater contributions to the construction of China as an automobile power and the high-quality development of Shanghai’s economy. The "new troika" of overseas sales, new energy vehicles and self-owned brands has accelerated its gallop, mustering up the morale and leading SAIC to March to 2024. It is estimated that SAIC will strive to achieve 5.45 million vehicle sales this year, and its total operating income will exceed 790 billion yuan.

Publicity Notes on Regulatory Detailed Planning of Jinggangshan Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone

　　I. Location scope of the planning area

　　The planning scope includes two major groups and peripheral sporadic land, with a total land area.319.19 hectares, the specific planning scope is as follows:

　　Group 1: North to Kechuang Avenue-Ruidong Road-Dangui Road-Jingu Road, south to Kechuang Second Road-Fengxi Village-Pengjia Village, west to Xinglong Road and Xingye Road, east to Tengfei Road, with a land area of about 233.94 hectares.

　　Group 2: North to Jifu Highway, south to Huamei Road and west to Huang Yangjie Avenue.-Xingqiao 110kv substation, east to Wenquan Road, with a land area of about 63.67 hectares.

　　Peripheral sporadic land: construction land and Xingqiao police station land in Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park, with an area of about.21.59 hectares.

　　Second, the planning basis

　　Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Construction and Development of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone (Guo Ban Fa [[2018] No.4), Notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology on Printing and Distributing the Guidelines for the Construction of National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zones (Guo Ke Fa Nong [2018] No.150), "Jitai Town Group Planning (2016-2030), "Revision of the Master Plan of Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District (2018-2035), Master Plan of Jinggangshan Agricultural High-tech Industrial Zone Demonstration Zone (2019-2035), Reply on Defining Relevant Matters of Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park Construction Land Project Planning, Several Policy Opinions on Supporting Jinggangshan Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone to Build a National Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, laws, regulations and policy documents, technical standards and specifications.

　　Third, the planning objectives

　　1. High-end industrial platform

　　Agricultural High-tech Zone is based on current industries, relying on high-quality agricultural products such as Jinggang honey pomelo, Jinggang asparagus and ecological rice to extend the industrial chain and comprehensively promote the construction of agriculture-related industrial parks. It mainly includes green food industrial park, biotechnology industrial park, intelligent agricultural machinery industrial park, comprehensive service center, agricultural trade industrial park and innovative R&D industrial park.

　　2. High-quality urban environment

　　People-oriented, with the goal of creating a high-quality environment, carefully shape the open space of the city, build a beautiful and comfortable green environment, arrange friendly and pleasant places for residents’ community activities, strengthen the cultural atmosphere of the planning area, and meet the high demand of urban material and spiritual civilization in the new era.

　　3. Efficient and safe transportation system

　　Establish a reasonable traffic organization and road system to ensure the convenience and safety of traffic in the region, especially the organization and arrangement of pedestrian system and public transportation.

　　4. Perfect control index system

　　Through the planning and control of land use, traffic and landscape, a set of perfect index system is established. It mainly includes: various land use indicators control, building withdrawal control, development intensity control, land suitability control, urban landscape control and guidance.

　　Fourth, the planning structure

　　Planning formationOverall planning structure of "one heart, five parks"

　　One heart: planning and combining the functions of Taoshutang Reservoir, such as administration, culture, commerce, commerce and residence, to build a comprehensive service core of modern agricultural science and technology city.

　　Five parks: The planning is combined with the functional layout of land use to form five functional divisions: agricultural commerce industrial park, green food industrial park, innovative R&D industrial park, biotechnology industrial park and intelligent agricultural machinery industrial park.

　　V. Road system planning

　　The road system in the planning area consists of three levels: main road, secondary road and branch road.

　　Main roads: Jifu Highway, Huang Yangjie Avenue, Jixing Avenue, Tengfei Road (Xisi Town Highway) and Diaoyuan Avenue.

　　Secondary trunk roads: Kechuang Avenue, Shuguang Road, Xinglong Road, Xingqiao Avenue, Dangui Road, Xingye Road, Xiujiang Road, Huxi Road, Wenquan Road, Yingchun Road, Kechuang South Road, Xingchan Road and Xingde Road., Fuhe West Road, Kexue Second Road, Taoshutang Road, Fuhe East Road.

　　Branch roads: Xingyue Road, Renwang Road, Chengxin West Road, Heshun West Road, Huamei Road, Jingu Road, Xing ‘an Road, Xingnong Road, Kexue No.1 Road and Fengxi Road.

　　VI. Composition of Urban and Rural Land Use Planning

　　Total land area of this control plan319.19 hectares, including planned construction land.296.32Hectares (urban construction land)292.02Hectares, land for regional traffic facilities4.30Ha), non-construction land.22.87Ha.

　　Residential land in planning area7.50 hectares, accounting for urban construction land.2.57%, all of which are second-class residential land. The planned administrative office land is 0.78 hectares, accounting for 0.27% of the urban construction land. The planned land for cultural facilities is 2.30 hectares, accounting for 0.79% of the urban construction land. Planning land for educational facilities4.17Hectares,A nine-year compulsory school (in the professional market in the south of the city). The planned land for scientific research is 24.63 hectares, accounting for 8.43% of the urban construction land. The planned land for commercial service facilities is 63.49 hectares, accounting for 21.74% of the urban construction land, including 49.99 hectares of commercial land, 5.71 hectares of commercial land and 2.27 hectares of mixed commercial and office land. The planned industrial land is 116.48 hectares, accounting for 39.89% of the urban construction land. The planned land area for roads and traffic facilities is 43.15 hectares, accounting for 14.77% of the urban construction land. The planned land area for public facilities is 0.65 hectares, accounting for 0.22% of the urban construction land. The planned green space and square land area is 23.37 hectares, accounting for 8.00% of the urban construction land.

01 location analysis chart. jpg08 land use planning map. jpg09 functional structure plan. jpg17 development intensity zoning map. jpg19 snap-in partition diagram. jpg21 comprehensive traffic plan. jpg30 four-line control plan. jpg

　　Cctv news(News Network): It is an important task for China’s current economic work to focus on expanding domestic demand and restoring and expanding consumption. Since the beginning of this year, China has accelerated the construction of a 15-minute convenient living circle and prosperity of the community commerce, so that residents can enjoy convenient life and services near their homes.

　　Up to now, China has built more than 1,400 convenient living circles in 80 cities, with 280,000 commercial outlets covering more than 2,700 residential communities.

　　The second floor of the people’s livelihood complex was transformed into a community affordable canteen, and the third floor was transformed into an inclusive pension institution. Not far away, the community has also built a new one for 0— Kindergarten for 3-year-old infants.

　　According to the Ministry of Commerce, some studies show that more than half of the daily consumption expenditure of urban residents is concentrated within 1 km around the community, and the community consumption market has great potential.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the state has focused on improving the supply facilities for community consumption and enriching diversified consumption formats. This bookstore opened in the community has become a community meeting room with functions such as consumption, leisure and culture.

　　In the next step, the state will carry out a three-year campaign to build a convenient living circle for a quarter of an hour nationwide. Based on the principle of "what is lacking and what is replenished", we will optimize the layout of community consumption space and promote the upgrading of community commerce according to the policies of the city and the circle. Form a ladder consumption structure based on huge community consumption, supplemented by surrounding comprehensive commercial centers, and upgrade the key business districts in the city to meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.

       (On September 5, 1987, the 22nd meeting of the 6th the NPC Standing Committee passed the first amendment on April 29, 2000 and the 15th meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee on August 29, 2015 according to the Decision on Amending the Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in People’s Republic of China (PRC) of the 15th meeting of the 8th the NPC Standing Committee on August 29, 1995. The second revision of the 16th session of the 2nd the NPC Standing Committee was based on the Decision on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Wild Animals and other 15 laws of the 6th session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on October 26th, 2018).

Catalogue

        Chapter I General Principles

        Chapter II Standards for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and Planning for Reaching the Standards within a Time Limit

        Chapter III Supervision and Administration of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

        Chapter IV Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

        Section 1 Prevention and Control of Coal Burning and Other Energy Pollution

        Section 2 Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution

        Section 3 Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Ships

        The fourth quarter dust pollution prevention and control

        Section 5 Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Other Pollution

        Chapter V Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas

        Chapter VI Response to Heavy Pollution Weather

        Chapter VII Legal Liability

        Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

       the first　This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving the environment, preventing and controlling air pollution, safeguarding public health, promoting the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the sustainable development of economy and society.

       the second　To prevent and control air pollution, we should aim at improving the quality of the atmospheric environment, adhere to source control, plan first, change the mode of economic development, optimize the industrial structure and layout, and adjust the energy structure.

        To prevent and control air pollution, we should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution such as coal burning, industry, motor vehicles and ships, dust and agriculture, carry out joint prevention and control of regional air pollution, and implement coordinated control of atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia and greenhouse gases.

       Article　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the prevention and control of air pollution into the national economic and social development plan, and increase financial investment in the prevention and control of air pollution.

        Local people’s governments at various levels shall be responsible for the atmospheric environmental quality in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans and take measures to control or gradually reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants, so that the atmospheric environmental quality can meet the prescribed standards and gradually improve.

       Article 4　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council, assess the completion of the objectives of improving atmospheric environmental quality and the key tasks of air pollution prevention and control in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate assessment methods to assess the completion of local atmospheric environmental quality improvement targets and key tasks of air pollution prevention and control within their respective administrative areas. The assessment results shall be made public to the public.

       Article 5　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level shall exercise unified supervision and management over the prevention and control of air pollution.

        Other relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall supervise and manage the prevention and control of air pollution within their respective functions and duties.

       Article 6　The state encourages and supports scientific and technological research on the prevention and control of air pollution, carries out analysis on the sources and changing trends of air pollution, popularizes advanced and applicable air pollution prevention technologies and equipment, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in the prevention and control of air pollution.

       Article 7　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall take effective measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, and shall be liable for the damage caused according to law.

        Citizens should enhance their awareness of atmospheric environmental protection, adopt a low-carbon and frugal lifestyle, and consciously fulfill their obligations of atmospheric environmental protection.

Chapter II Standards for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and Planning for Reaching the Standards within a Time Limit

       Article 8　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate atmospheric environmental quality standards with the aim of safeguarding public health and protecting the ecological environment, which is suitable for economic and social development and scientific and reasonable.

       Article 9　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate standards for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants on the basis of the quality standards of atmospheric environment and the economic and technological conditions of the country.

       Article 10　The formulation of atmospheric environmental quality standards and air pollutant emission standards shall organize experts to review and demonstrate, and solicit opinions from relevant departments, industry associations, enterprises and institutions and the public.

       Article 11　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall publish the atmospheric environmental quality standards and the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants on its website for the public to consult and download for free.

       Article 12　The implementation of atmospheric environmental quality standards and air pollutant emission standards shall be evaluated regularly, and the standards shall be revised in a timely manner according to the evaluation results.

       Article 13　To formulate quality standards for products containing volatile organic compounds such as coal, petroleum coke, biomass fuel, coatings, fireworks and boilers, the requirements for atmospheric environmental protection should be clarified.

        The formulation of fuel quality standards shall conform to the national air pollutant control requirements, and be linked with the national air pollutant emission standards for motor vehicles, ships and non-road mobile machinery, and implemented simultaneously.

        The non-road mobile machinery mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to mobile machinery and transportable industrial equipment equipped with engines.

       Article 14　The people’s governments of cities that fail to meet the national standards for atmospheric environmental quality shall promptly prepare plans for reaching the standards within a time limit, and take measures to reach the standards within the time limit set by the people’s governments of the State Council or at the provincial level.

        The opinions of relevant trade associations, enterprises and institutions, experts and the public shall be sought in the preparation of the plan for meeting the standards of urban atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit.

       Article 15　Urban atmospheric environmental quality planning should be made public within a time limit. The plans for reaching the standard of atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit for municipalities directly under the central government and cities divided into districts shall be reported to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record.

       Article 16　When the people’s government of a city reports to the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee on the environmental conditions and the completion of environmental protection objectives every year, it shall report on the implementation of the plan for reaching the standard of atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit and make it public.

       Article 17　The plan for reaching the standard of urban atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit shall be evaluated and revised in a timely manner according to the requirements of air pollution prevention and control and the economic and technical conditions.

Chapter III Supervision and Administration of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

       Article 18　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall conduct environmental impact assessment and disclose environmental impact assessment documents in accordance with the law when building projects that have an impact on the atmospheric environment; Those who discharge pollutants into the atmosphere shall conform to the standards for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants and comply with the requirements for the control of the total discharge of key atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 19　Enterprises and institutions that discharge industrial waste gas or toxic and harmful air pollutants listed in the catalogue as stipulated in Article 78 of this Law, coal-fired heat source production and operation units of central heating facilities and other units that carry out pollution discharge permit management according to law shall obtain pollution discharge permits. The specific measures and implementation steps of pollutant discharge permit shall be stipulated by the State Council.

       Article 20　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who discharge pollutants into the atmosphere shall set up air pollutant discharge outlets in accordance with laws and regulations and the provisions of the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        It is forbidden to discharge atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision by stealing, tampering with or forging monitoring data, temporarily stopping production for the purpose of evading on-site inspection, opening emergency discharge channels in non-emergency situations, and abnormally operating air pollution prevention and control facilities.

       Article 21　The state exercises total control over the discharge of key air pollutants.

        The total emission control targets of key air pollutants shall be submitted to the State Council for approval and issued for implementation by the competent department of ecology and environment of the State Council after consulting the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, together with the comprehensive economic department of the State Council.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall control or reduce the total emission of key air pollutants in their respective administrative areas in accordance with the total emission control targets issued by the State Council.

        The specific measures for determining the total control target and decomposing the total control index shall be formulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the needs of the prevention and control of air pollution in their respective administrative areas, exercise total control over the discharge of other air pollutants other than national key air pollutants.

        The state gradually promotes the trading of emission rights of key air pollutants.

       Article 22　For areas that exceed the national total emission control index of key air pollutants or fail to meet the national goal of improving the atmospheric environmental quality, the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall, jointly with relevant departments, interview the main person in charge of the people’s government in the area, and suspend the examination and approval of the environmental impact assessment documents of the construction projects that add the total emission of key air pollutants in the area. The interview should be made public.

       Article 23　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council is responsible for formulating the monitoring and evaluation standards for atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, organizing the construction and management of the national monitoring network for atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, organizing the monitoring of atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, and uniformly releasing information on the national atmospheric environmental quality.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for organizing the construction and management of the monitoring network of atmospheric environmental quality and atmospheric pollution sources in their respective administrative areas, carrying out monitoring of atmospheric environmental quality and atmospheric pollution sources, and uniformly releasing information on atmospheric environmental quality in their respective administrative areas.

       Article 24　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall, in accordance with the relevant state regulations and monitoring norms, monitor the industrial waste gas discharged by them and the toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants listed in the catalogue stipulated in Article 78 of this Law, and keep the original monitoring records. Among them, key pollutant discharge units should install and use automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant discharge, and connect with the monitoring equipment of the competent department of ecological environment to ensure the normal operation of the monitoring equipment and disclose the discharge information according to law. The specific measures for monitoring and the conditions of key pollutant discharge units shall be stipulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        The list of key pollutant discharge units shall be determined by the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the municipal level in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, according to the requirements of the atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of the administrative region, the total emission control index of key atmospheric pollutants, and the types, quantities and concentrations of atmospheric pollutants discharged by pollutant discharge units, and shall be determined in consultation with relevant departments and announced to the public.

       Article 25　Key pollutant discharge units shall be responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of automatic monitoring data. The competent department of ecological environment shall promptly investigate the abnormal transmission data of the automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant emission of key pollutant discharge units.

       Article 26　It is forbidden to occupy, damage or move or change the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring facilities and automatic monitoring equipment for atmospheric pollutant discharge without authorization.

       Article 27　The state implements the elimination system for processes, equipment and products that seriously pollute the atmospheric environment.

        The comprehensive economic department of the State Council shall, jointly with relevant departments of the State Council, determine the elimination period of technologies, equipment and products that seriously pollute the atmospheric environment, and incorporate them into the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies.

        Producers, importers, sellers or users shall stop producing, importing, selling or using the equipment and products listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit. The user of the process shall stop using the process listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit.

        Eliminated equipment and products shall not be transferred to others for use.

       Article 28　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council shall, jointly with relevant departments, establish and improve the air pollution damage assessment system.

       Article 29　The competent department of ecological environment and its environmental law enforcement agencies and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection have the right to supervise and inspect enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators that discharge atmospheric pollutants through on-site inspection and monitoring, automatic monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and far-infrared camera shooting. The inspected shall truthfully report the situation and provide necessary information. The departments, institutions and their staff who carry out the inspection shall keep business secrets for the inspected.

       Article 30　Where enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators discharge atmospheric pollutants in violation of laws and regulations, causing or likely to cause serious air pollution, or relevant evidence may be lost or concealed, the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection may take administrative compulsory measures such as sealing up and detaining relevant facilities, equipment and articles.

       Article 31　The competent department of ecological environment and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection shall publish the telephone number and e-mail address of the report to facilitate the public to report.

        The competent department of ecological environment and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection shall handle the report in time and keep the relevant information of the informant confidential; If the real name is reported, the results should be fed back. If it is verified, the results will be disclosed to the public according to law, and the whistleblower will be rewarded.

        Where an informer reports to his unit, the unit shall not take revenge on the informer by dissolving or changing the labor contract or by other means.

Chapter IV Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

Section 1 Prevention and Control of Coal Burning and Other Energy Pollution

　　Article 32　Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should take measures to adjust the energy structure and promote the production and use of clean energy; Optimize the use of coal, promote the clean and efficient use of coal, gradually reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption, and reduce the emission of air pollutants in the process of coal production, use and transformation.

       Article 33　The state promotes coal washing and processing, reduces the sulfur content and ash content of coal, and restricts the mining of coal with high sulfur content and ash content. Newly-built coal mines should simultaneously build supporting coal washing facilities to make the sulfur content and ash content of coal reach the prescribed standards; In addition to the coal with low sulfur content and ash content, or the coal-fired power plant that has reached the discharge standard does not need washing, the completed coal mine shall build supporting coal washing facilities within a time limit.

        It is forbidden to mine coal containing toxic and harmful substances such as radioactivity and arsenic that exceed the prescribed standards.

       Article 34　The state adopts economic and technical policies and measures conducive to the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and encourages and supports the development and popularization of clean coal technology.

        The state encourages coal mining enterprises to adopt reasonable and feasible technical measures to exploit and utilize coalbed methane and comprehensively utilize coal gangue. Engaged in the exploitation and utilization of coalbed methane, coalbed methane emissions shall comply with relevant standards and norms.

       Article 35　The state prohibits the import, sale and burning of coal that does not meet the quality standards, and encourages the burning of high-quality coal.

        Units storing coal, coal gangue, coal cinder, coal ash and other materials shall take fire prevention measures to prevent air pollution.

       Article 36　Local people’s governments at all levels should take measures to strengthen the management of civil loose coal, prohibit the sale of coal that does not meet the quality standards of civil loose coal, encourage residents to burn high-quality coal and clean briquette, and promote energy-saving and environment-friendly stoves.

       Article 37　Petroleum refining enterprises shall produce fuel in accordance with fuel quality standards.

        It is forbidden to import, sell and burn petroleum coke that does not meet the quality standards.

       Article 38　The people’s government of a city may delimit and publish the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels, and gradually expand the scope of the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels according to the requirements for improving the quality of the atmospheric environment. The catalogue of highly polluting fuels shall be determined by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        In the no-burn zone, it is forbidden to sell and burn highly polluting fuels; It is forbidden to build or expand facilities that burn highly polluting fuels. If they have been completed, they should switch to natural gas, shale gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity or other clean energy sources within the time limit stipulated by the city people’s government.

       Article 39　Urban construction should be planned as a whole, and cogeneration and central heating should be promoted in coal-fired heating areas. In the area covered by central heating pipe network, it is forbidden to build or expand decentralized coal-fired heating boilers; Built coal-fired heating boilers that fail to meet the discharge standards shall be dismantled within the time limit prescribed by the city people’s government.

       Article 40　The market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the competent department of ecological environment, supervise and inspect the implementation of environmental protection standards or requirements in the production, import, sale and use of boilers; Those that do not meet the standards or requirements of environmental protection shall not be produced, imported, sold or used.

       Article 41　Coal-fired power plants and other coal-fired units shall adopt clean production technology, build supporting devices for dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification, or take other measures to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants such as technological transformation.

        The state encourages coal-burning units to adopt advanced technologies and devices for coordinated control of air pollutants such as dust removal, desulfurization, denitrification and mercury removal, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants.

       Article 42　Power dispatching should give priority to clean energy power generation.

Section 2 Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution

       Article 43　Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, etc. that discharge dust, sulfide and nitrogen oxides in the production process shall adopt clean production technology, build supporting devices such as dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification, or take other measures such as technological transformation to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 44　The production, import, sale and use of raw materials and products containing volatile organic compounds shall meet the quality standards or requirements.

        The State encourages the production, import, sale and use of organic solvents with low toxicity and low volatility.

       Article 45　Production and service activities that produce waste gas containing volatile organic compounds shall be carried out in confined spaces or equipment, and pollution prevention facilities shall be installed and used in accordance with regulations; If it cannot be sealed, measures should be taken to reduce exhaust emissions.

       Article 46　Industrial painting enterprises should use paints with low volatile organic compounds content, and establish ledgers to record the usage, waste, destination and volatile organic compounds content of production raw materials and auxiliary materials. The retention period of the ledger shall not be less than three years.

       Article 47　Petroleum, chemical and other enterprises that produce and use organic solvents shall take measures to carry out routine maintenance and repair of pipelines and equipment to reduce material leakage, and the leaked materials shall be collected and treated in time.

        Oil and gas storage depots, gas filling stations, crude oil and refined oil terminals, crude oil and refined oil transport vessels, oil tankers and gas tankers, etc. shall be installed with oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with relevant state regulations and maintained in normal use.

       Article 48　Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, pharmacy, mineral exploitation, etc. should strengthen fine management and take measures such as centralized collection and treatment to strictly control the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants.

        Industrial production enterprises should take measures such as sealing, enclosure, covering, cleaning and sprinkling water to reduce the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants generated in the storage, transmission, loading and unloading of internal materials.

       Article 49　Combustible gases produced by industrial production, landfill or other activities should be recycled, and pollution prevention and treatment should be carried out if the conditions for recycling are not met.

        If the combustible gas recovery and utilization device cannot operate normally, it shall be repaired or updated in time. If it is really necessary to discharge combustible gas during the period when the recycling device cannot operate normally, it shall fully burn the discharged combustible gas or take other measures to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants, and report to the local competent department of ecological environment, and repair or update it within a time limit as required.

Section 3 Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Ships

       Article 50　The state advocates low-carbon and environmentally-friendly travel, reasonably controls the number of fuel vehicles according to urban planning, vigorously develops urban public transport, and increases the proportion of public transport trips.

        The state adopts measures such as finance, taxation and government procurement to promote the application of energy-saving, environment-friendly and new energy motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery, restrict the development of motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery with high fuel consumption and high emissions, and reduce the consumption of fossil energy.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in areas where conditions permit, implement the emission limits at corresponding stages in the national emission standards for air pollutants from motor vehicles in advance and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record.

        The people’s governments of cities should strengthen and improve urban traffic management, optimize road settings, and ensure the continuity and smoothness of sidewalks and non-motor vehicle lanes.

       Article 51　Motor vehicles, boats and non-road mobile machinery shall not discharge atmospheric pollutants beyond the standard.

        It is prohibited to produce, import or sell motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery whose air pollutant emission exceeds the standard.

       Article 52　Motor vehicle and non-road mobile machinery production enterprises shall conduct emission inspection on newly produced motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery. Only those who pass the inspection can be sold out of the factory. Inspection information shall be disclosed to the public.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may strengthen the supervision and inspection of the air pollutant emission status of newly produced and sold motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery through on-site inspection and sampling inspection. Industry, market supervision and management and other relevant departments to cooperate.

       Article 53　Motor vehicles in use shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state or local authorities, be regularly inspected by motor vehicle emission inspection agencies. Only those who pass the inspection can drive on the road. Without passing the inspection, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall not issue the safety technical inspection mark.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level may supervise and sample the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles in use in centralized parking places and maintenance places; Under the condition of not affecting the normal traffic, remote sensing monitoring and other technical means can be used to supervise and sample the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles driving on the road, and the traffic management department of the public security organ will cooperate.

       Article 54　Motor vehicle emission inspection institutions shall pass metrological certification in accordance with the law, use motor vehicle emission inspection equipment that has passed the legal verification, conduct emission inspection on motor vehicles in accordance with the specifications formulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, and connect with the competent department of ecological environment to realize real-time sharing of inspection data. Motor vehicle emission inspection institutions and their responsible persons are responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of inspection data.

        The competent department of ecological environment and the supervision and administration department of certification and accreditation shall supervise and inspect the emission inspection of motor vehicle emission inspection institutions.

       Article 55　Motor vehicle manufacturing and importing enterprises shall announce to the public the emission inspection information, pollution control technical information and relevant maintenance technical information of their manufactured and imported motor vehicle models.

        Motor vehicle maintenance units shall, in accordance with the requirements for the prevention and control of air pollution and the relevant technical specifications of the state, maintain motor vehicles in use so that they can meet the prescribed emission standards. The competent departments of transportation and ecological environment shall strengthen supervision and management according to law.

        It is forbidden for motor vehicle owners to pass the motor vehicle emission inspection by temporarily replacing motor vehicle pollution control devices and other fraudulent means. Motor vehicle maintenance units are prohibited from providing such maintenance services. It is forbidden to destroy the on-board emission diagnosis system of motor vehicles.

       Article 56　The competent department of ecological environment shall, jointly with the relevant departments of transportation, housing and urban-rural construction, agricultural administration, water administration, etc., supervise and inspect the emission status of air pollutants from non-road mobile machinery, and shall not be used if the emission is unqualified.

       Article 57　The state advocates environmentally-friendly driving, and encourages drivers of fuel-fired motor vehicles to put out their engines without affecting road traffic and stopping for more than three minutes, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants.

       Article 58　The state establishes a recall system for environmental protection of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery.

        If the production and import enterprises know that the air pollutants discharged by motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery exceed the standard, which are design and production defects or do not meet the specified environmental protection durability requirements, they shall recall them; If it is not recalled, the the State Council Municipal Market Supervision and Management Department shall, jointly with the the State Council Ecological Environment Department, order it to be recalled.

       Article 59　Heavy-duty diesel vehicles and off-road mobile machinery in use are not equipped with pollution control devices, or the pollution control devices do not meet the requirements and cannot meet the discharge standards, and pollution control devices that meet the requirements shall be installed or replaced.

       Article 60　If the air pollutants discharged by motor vehicles in use exceed the standard, they shall be maintained; After maintenance or the use of pollution control technology, the emission of air pollutants still does not meet the national emission standards for motor vehicles in use, and it should be scrapped. The owner shall sell the motor vehicle to the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprise, and the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprise shall register, dismantle and destroy it in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

        The state encourages and supports high-emission motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery to be scrapped in advance.

       Article 61　The people’s government of a city may, according to the quality of the atmospheric environment, designate and publish areas where the use of high-emission off-road mobile machinery is prohibited.

       Article 62　Ship inspection agencies conduct emission inspection on ship engines and related equipment. The ship can only operate if it meets the national emission standards after inspection.

       Article 63　Direct ships in inland rivers and rivers and seas should use ordinary diesel oil that meets the standards. Ocean-going ships should use marine fuel that meets the requirements of air pollutant control after berthing.

        The newly-built wharf shall plan, design and build shore-based power supply facilities; The completed wharf shall gradually implement the transformation of shore-based power supply facilities. Ships should give priority to shore power after docking.

       Article 64　The competent department of transportation of the State Council may designate a control area for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants from ships in coastal waters, and the ships entering the control area shall meet the relevant discharge requirements of ships.

       Article 65　It is forbidden to produce, import and sell fuels for motor vehicles, boats and non-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards; It is forbidden to sell ordinary diesel oil and other non-motor vehicle fuels to automobiles and motorcycles; It is forbidden to sell residual oil and heavy oil to non-road mobile machinery, inland rivers and river-sea direct ships.

       Article 66　The contents of harmful substances in engine oil, nitrogen oxide reductant, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives and other atmospheric environmental protection indicators shall meet the requirements of relevant standards, and shall not damage the effect and durability of pollution control devices for motor vehicles and ships, and shall not increase the discharge of new atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 67　The state actively promotes the prevention and control of air pollution by civil aircraft, and encourages effective measures to reduce the emission of air pollutants in the process of design, production and use.

        Civil aircraft shall meet the requirements of engine emissions in the airworthiness standards stipulated by the state.

The fourth quarter dust pollution prevention and control

       Article 68　Local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the management of construction and transportation, keep roads clean, control the stacking of materials and muck, expand the paved area of green space, water surface, wetland and ground, and prevent dust pollution.

        Housing and urban construction, city appearance and environmental sanitation, transportation, land and resources and other relevant departments shall, according to the responsibilities determined by the people’s government at the corresponding level, do a good job in the prevention and control of dust pollution.

       Article 69　The construction unit shall include the cost of preventing and controlling dust pollution in the project cost, and specify the responsibility of the construction unit for preventing and controlling dust pollution in the construction contract. The construction unit shall formulate a specific implementation plan for the prevention and control of construction dust pollution.

        Construction units engaged in building construction, municipal infrastructure construction, river regulation and building demolition shall file with the competent department in charge of supervision and management of dust pollution prevention and control.

        The construction unit shall set up a hard enclosure at the construction site, and take effective dust-proof and dust-reduction measures such as covering, subsection operation, timing construction, sprinkling water to suppress dust, washing the ground and vehicles. Construction earthwork, engineering muck and construction waste shall be removed in time; Stacking in the site shall be covered with a closed dustproof net. Engineering muck and construction waste should be treated as resources.

        The construction unit shall publicize the information of dust pollution prevention and control measures, the person in charge and the competent department of dust supervision and management at the construction site.

        The construction unit shall cover the bare ground for the construction land that can not be started temporarily; For more than three months, it shall be afforested, paved or covered.

       Article 70　Vehicles transporting coal, garbage, muck, sand and gravel, earthwork, mortar and other bulk and fluid materials shall adopt sealing or other measures to prevent dust pollution caused by the spillage of materials, and drive along the prescribed route.

        Loading and unloading materials should be sealed or sprayed to prevent dust pollution.

        The people’s government of a city shall strengthen the management of cleaning and cleaning of roads, squares, parking lots and other public places, and implement low-dust operation methods such as clean power mechanized cleaning to prevent and control dust pollution.

       Article 71　The relevant departments shall organize the implementation of greening or permeable pavement in accordance with the planning for the exposed ground of municipal rivers, along rivers, public land and other towns.

       Article 72　Storage of coal, coal gangue, cinder, coal ash, cement, lime, gypsum, sand and other materials that are easy to produce dust should be sealed; If it can’t be sealed, a tight enclosure not lower than the height of the stacked objects shall be set up, and effective covering measures shall be taken to prevent and control dust pollution.

        Docks, mines, landfills and disposal sites shall be divided into zones and effective measures shall be taken to prevent and control dust pollution.

Section 5 Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Other Pollution

       Article 73　Local people’s governments at all levels should promote the transformation of agricultural production methods, develop agricultural circular economy, increase support for comprehensive waste treatment, and strengthen the control of air pollutants discharged from agricultural production and operation activities.

       Article 74　Agricultural producers and operators should improve fertilization methods, scientifically and rationally apply chemical fertilizers and use pesticides in accordance with relevant state regulations, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants such as ammonia and volatile organic compounds.

        It is forbidden to spray highly toxic and toxic pesticides on trees and flowers in densely populated areas.

       Article 75　Livestock and poultry farms and farming communities shall collect, store, remove and harmlessly treat sewage, livestock manure and corpses in time to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 76　People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments of agricultural administration should encourage and support the adoption of advanced and applicable technologies to comprehensively utilize straw, fallen leaves, such as fertilizer, feed, energy, industrial raw materials and edible fungi as base materials, and increase financial subsidies for straw returning to fields and collecting integrated agricultural machinery.

        The people’s governments at the county level shall organize the establishment of a service system for straw collection, storage, transportation and comprehensive utilization, and adopt financial subsidies and other measures to support rural collective economic organizations, farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations and enterprises to carry out straw collection, storage, transportation and comprehensive utilization services.

       Article 77　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall delimit areas and prohibit the open burning of straw, fallen leaves and other substances that produce smoke pollution.

       Article 78　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council shall, jointly with the administrative department of health in the State Council, publish a list of toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants according to the harm and influence of atmospheric pollutants on public health and ecological environment, and implement risk management.

        Enterprises and institutions that discharge toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, build an environmental risk early warning system, regularly monitor the discharge outlets and the surrounding environment, assess environmental risks, investigate environmental safety hazards, and take effective measures to prevent environmental risks.

       Article 79　Enterprises, institutions, other producers and operators who discharge persistent organic pollutants into the atmosphere and the operating units of waste incineration facilities shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, adopt technical methods and processes that are conducive to reducing the emission of persistent organic pollutants, and equip them with effective purification devices to achieve the discharge standards.

       Article 80　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who produce malodorous gases in their production and business activities shall choose a scientific site, set a reasonable protective distance, install purification devices or take other measures to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 81　Operators of catering services that discharge lampblack shall install lampblack purification facilities and keep them in normal use, or take other lampblack purification measures to discharge lampblack up to the standard and prevent pollution to the normal living environment of nearby residents.

        It is forbidden to build, rebuild or expand catering service projects that produce oil smoke, odor and waste gas in residential buildings, commercial and residential complex buildings without special flues and commercial floors adjacent to residential floors in commercial and residential complex buildings.

        No unit or individual may barbecue food in the open air or provide a venue for barbecue food in the area prohibited by the local people’s government.

       Article 82　It is forbidden to burn asphalt, linoleum, rubber, plastic, leather, garbage and other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke and malodorous gases in densely populated areas and other areas that need special protection according to law.

        It is forbidden to produce, sell and set off fireworks and firecrackers that do not meet the quality standards. No unit or individual is allowed to set off fireworks and firecrackers in the time and area prohibited by the city people’s government.

       Article 83　The state encourages and advocates civilized and green sacrifices.

        Crematorium should be equipped with pollution prevention and control facilities such as dust removal and keep it in normal use to prevent it from affecting the surrounding environment.

       Article 84　Operators engaged in clothing dry cleaning and motor vehicle maintenance and other service activities shall set up pollution prevention facilities such as odor and waste gas treatment devices in accordance with relevant national standards or requirements and keep them in normal use to prevent the surrounding environment from being affected.

       Article 85　The state encourages and supports the production and use of substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, and gradually reduces or even stops the production and use of ozone-depleting substances.

        The state exercises total control and quota management over the production, use, import and export of ozone-depleting substances. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Chapter V Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas

       Article 86　The state establishes a joint prevention and control mechanism for air pollution in key areas, and coordinates the prevention and control of air pollution in key areas. According to the main function zoning, regional atmospheric environmental quality and the law of air pollution transmission and diffusion, the competent department of ecological environment in the State Council has designated the national key areas for air pollution prevention and control, and submitted them to the State Council for approval.

        The people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas shall determine the local people’s governments to take the lead, hold joint meetings regularly, carry out joint prevention and control of air pollution in accordance with the requirements of unified planning, unified standards, unified monitoring and unified prevention and control measures, and implement the target responsibility of air pollution prevention and control. The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council should strengthen guidance and supervision.

        Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may designate key areas for the prevention and control of air pollution within their respective administrative areas with reference to the provisions of the first paragraph.

       Article 87　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the national key areas for air pollution prevention and control, shall, according to the economic and social development of key areas and the carrying capacity of atmospheric environment, formulate an action plan for joint prevention and control of air pollution in key areas, clarify the control objectives, optimize the regional economic layout, coordinate traffic management, develop clean energy, put forward key prevention and control tasks and measures, and promote the improvement of atmospheric environment quality in key areas.

       Article 88　The comprehensive economic department in the State Council, together with the ecological environment department in the State Council, will further improve the requirements of environmental protection, energy consumption, safety and quality in light of the actual industrial development and atmospheric environmental quality in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control.

        The people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas shall implement stricter emission standards for air pollutants from motor vehicles, unify the inspection methods and emission limits of motor vehicles in use, and supply qualified motor fuel.

       Article 89　Planning for industrial parks, development zones, regional industries and development that may cause serious pollution to the atmospheric environment in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control shall be conducted in accordance with the law. Planning authorities shall consult with the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or relevant departments in key areas.

        In key areas, the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall timely inform relevant information and hold consultations on projects that may have a significant impact on the atmospheric environmental quality of neighboring provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

        The consultation opinions and their adoption shall serve as an important basis for the review or approval of environmental impact assessment documents.

       Article 90　Where coal projects are newly built, rebuilt or expanded in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, coal shall be replaced by the same amount or reduced amount.

       Article 91　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council shall organize the establishment of information sharing mechanisms for atmospheric environmental quality monitoring and air pollution source monitoring in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, and analyze the sources and changing trends of air pollution in key areas by using new technologies such as monitoring, simulation, satellite, aerial survey and remote sensing, and make them public.

       Article 92　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the key areas of national air pollution prevention and control may organize relevant departments to carry out joint law enforcement, cross-regional law enforcement and cross-border law enforcement.

Chapter VI Response to Heavy Pollution Weather

       Article 93　The state establishes a monitoring and early warning system for heavily polluted weather.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council shall, jointly with the competent meteorological department of the State Council and other relevant departments, and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for heavy pollution weather in key areas, and unify the grading standards for early warning. Where regional heavy pollution weather may occur, it shall promptly notify the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas.

        The competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts shall, jointly with the competent meteorological departments and other relevant departments, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for heavy polluted weather in their respective administrative areas.

       Article 94　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the heavy pollution weather response into the emergency management system.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts, as well as the people’s governments at the county level where heavy pollution weather may occur, shall formulate emergency plans for heavy pollution weather, file them with the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at the next higher level, and announce them to the public.

       Article 95　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts shall establish a consultation mechanism with the competent meteorological departments to forecast the quality of atmospheric environment. If heavy pollution weather may occur, it shall report to the people’s government at the corresponding level in a timely manner. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts make comprehensive judgments based on the forecast information of heavily polluted weather, determine the early warning level and issue early warning in time. The early warning level is adjusted in time according to the situation. No unit or individual may release the forecast and early warning information of heavy pollution weather to the society without authorization.

        After the early warning information is released, the people’s government and its relevant departments shall inform the public to take health protection measures, guide the public to travel and adjust other related social activities through television, radio, internet and short messages.

       Article 96　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the warning level of heavily polluted weather, start the emergency plan in time. According to the emergency needs, they can take emergency measures such as ordering relevant enterprises to stop production or production, restricting the driving of some motor vehicles, prohibiting the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers, stopping earthwork and demolition of buildings on the construction site, stopping open-air barbecues, stopping outdoor activities organized by kindergartens and schools, and organizing weather modification operations.

        After the end of the emergency response, the people’s government shall timely carry out the evaluation of the implementation of the emergency plan, and timely revise and improve the emergency plan.

       Article 97　In the event of an environmental emergency that causes air pollution, the people’s government and its relevant departments and relevant enterprises and institutions shall do a good job in emergency handling in accordance with the provisions of the Emergency Response Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). The competent department of ecological environment shall timely monitor the atmospheric pollutants produced by sudden environmental incidents and publish the monitoring information to the society.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

       Article 98　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses to accept the supervision and inspection of the competent department of ecological environment and its environmental law enforcement agencies or other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection by refusing to enter the site, or commits fraud when accepting the supervision and inspection, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level or other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection to make corrections and be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

       Article 99　In violation of the provisions of this law, anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to correct or restrict production, stop production for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down:

        (1) Discharging atmospheric pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit according to law;

        (2) Discharging atmospheric pollutants that exceed the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants or exceed the total emission control targets of key atmospheric pollutants;

        (3) Discharging atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision.

       Article 100　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 20,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification:

        (a) occupation, damage or unauthorized movement, change of atmospheric environmental quality monitoring facilities or automatic monitoring equipment for atmospheric pollutant discharge;

        (2) failing to monitor the discharged industrial waste gas and toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants in accordance with the regulations and keeping the original monitoring records;

        (3) Failing to install and use automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant discharge in accordance with the regulations or failing to connect with the monitoring equipment of the competent department of ecological environment in accordance with the regulations, and ensuring the normal operation of the monitoring equipment;

        (four) the key pollutant discharge units do not disclose or not disclose the automatic monitoring data truthfully;

        (five) failing to set up the air pollutant discharge port in accordance with the regulations.

       Article 101　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces, imports, sells or uses equipment and products prohibited in the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies, adopts technologies prohibited in the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies, or transfers obsolete equipment and products to others for use, shall be ordered by the competent department for comprehensive economic affairs of the people’s government at or above the county level and the customs to make corrections according to their duties, confiscate the illegal income, and impose a fine ranging from one time to three times the value of the goods; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down. If the import behavior constitutes smuggling, the customs shall punish it according to law.

       Article 102　In violation of the provisions of this law, if a coal mine fails to build supporting coal washing facilities in accordance with the provisions, the competent energy department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, mines coal containing toxic and harmful substances such as radioactivity and arsenic that exceed the prescribed standards shall be ordered by the people’s government at or above the county level to suspend business or close down according to the authority prescribed by the State Council.

       Article 103　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the market supervision and administration department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, confiscate raw materials, products and illegal income, and impose a fine of more than one time and less than three times the value of the goods:

        (1) selling coal and petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards;

        (2) Producing and selling raw materials and products whose volatile organic compounds content does not meet the quality standards or requirements;

        (3) producing and selling fuels, engine oils, nitrogen oxide reductants, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives for motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards;

        (4) selling highly polluting fuels in the no-burn zone.

       Article 104　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the Customs to make corrections, confiscate raw materials, products and illegal income, and impose a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods; If it constitutes smuggling, it shall be punished by the customs according to law:

        (1) importing coal and petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards;

        (2) Importing raw materials and products whose volatile organic compounds content does not meet the quality standards or requirements;

        (3) importing fuel, engine oil, nitrogen oxide reducing agent, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives for motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards.

       Article 105　In violation of the provisions of this law, units that burn coal or petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined at least one time but not more than three times the value of the goods.

       Article 106　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses fuel oil for ships that does not meet the standards or requirements shall be fined between 10,000 yuan and 100,000 yuan by the maritime administrative agency and the fishery administrative department according to their duties.

       Article 107　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, builds or expands facilities burning highly polluting fuels in no-burn zones, or fails to stop burning highly polluting fuels in accordance with the provisions, or builds or expands decentralized coal-fired heating boilers in areas covered by urban central heating network, or fails to dismantle coal-fired heating boilers that have been built and fail to meet the discharge standards in accordance with the provisions, the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall confiscate the facilities burning highly polluting fuels, organize the dismantling of coal-fired heating boilers, and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces, imports, sells or uses boilers that do not meet the prescribed standards or requirements shall be ordered by the market supervision and management department and the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

       Article 108　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 20,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification:

        (a) the production and service activities that produce waste gas containing volatile organic compounds are not carried out in confined spaces or equipment, pollution prevention facilities are not installed and used in accordance with regulations, or measures to reduce waste gas emissions are not taken;

        (2) The industrial painting enterprise has not used the paint with low volatile organic content or has not established and kept a ledger;

        (3) Petroleum, chemical and other enterprises that produce and use organic solvents fail to take measures for routine maintenance and repair of pipelines and equipment to reduce material leakage or fail to collect and treat the leaked materials in time;

        (4) failing to install and normally use oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, such as oil storage and gas storage depots, refueling stations, oil tankers and gas tankers;

        (5) Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, nonferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, pharmacy, mineral exploitation, etc. fail to take measures such as centralized collection and treatment, sealing, enclosure, covering, cleaning and sprinkling water to control and reduce the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants;

        (6) The combustible gas generated in industrial production, landfill or other activities has not been recycled, the conditions for recycling have not been met, pollution prevention and treatment has not been carried out, or the combustible gas recycling device cannot operate normally and has not been repaired or updated in time.

       Article 109　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that exceed the pollutant discharge standards shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level to make corrections, and the illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods shall be imposed, and the motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that fail to meet the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated and destroyed; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop production and rectification, and shall be ordered by the competent department of motor vehicle production in the State Council to stop production of this model.

        In violation of the provisions of this Law, if a motor vehicle or off-road mobile machinery production enterprise cheats on the engine and pollution control device, shoddy it and sells it as a product that has passed the emission inspection, the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order it to stop production and rectify, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods, confiscate and destroy the motor vehicle or off-road mobile machinery that cannot meet the pollutant emission standards, and order it to stop production of this model by the competent department of motor vehicle production in the State Council.

       Article 110　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, imports or sells motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that exceed the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated by the market supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the county level and the customs in accordance with their duties, and shall be fined between one and three times the value of the goods, and the motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that fail to meet the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated and destroyed; If the import behavior constitutes smuggling, the customs shall punish it according to law.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, the seller shall be responsible for the repair, replacement and return of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the pollutant discharge standards; If losses are caused to the buyer, the seller shall compensate for the losses.

       Article 111　In violation of the provisions of this law, motor vehicle production and import enterprises fail to disclose the emission inspection information or pollution control technical information of their production and import motor vehicle models to the public in accordance with the provisions, and the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, motor vehicle production and import enterprises fail to publicize the relevant maintenance technical information of their production and import motor vehicle models to the public in accordance with the provisions, and the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

       Article 112　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, forges the emission inspection results of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery or issues false emission inspection reports shall be confiscated by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level, and shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the inspection qualification shall be cancelled by the department responsible for qualification identification.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, forges the results of ship emission inspection or issues false emission inspection reports shall be punished by the maritime administrative agency according to law.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, passes the vehicle emission inspection or destroys the vehicle-mounted emission diagnosis system by temporarily replacing the vehicle pollution control device, etc., shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the owner of the vehicle shall be fined 5,000 yuan; The motor vehicle maintenance unit shall be fined 5,000 yuan per motor vehicle.

       Article 113　In violation of the provisions of this law, if a motor vehicle driver drives a motor vehicle that fails to pass the emission inspection on the road, the traffic management department of the public security organ shall punish him according to law.

       Article 114　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses non-road mobile machinery with unqualified emissions, or fails to install or replace pollution control devices in heavy-duty diesel vehicles and non-road mobile machinery in use, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections according to their duties and be fined 5,000 yuan.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, the use of high-emission non-road mobile machinery in areas where the use of high-emission non-road mobile machinery is prohibited shall be punished by the competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s government of the city according to law.

       Article 115　In violation of the provisions of this law, if the construction unit commits any of the following acts, the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with its duties, order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop rectification:

        (a) the construction site is not equipped with a hard enclosure, or fails to take effective dust control and dust reduction measures such as covering, subsection operation, timely construction, sprinkling water to suppress dust, washing the ground and vehicles;

        (two) the construction earthwork, engineering muck, construction waste is not removed in time, or not covered by closed dustproof net.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, if the construction unit fails to cover the exposed ground of the construction land that cannot be started temporarily, or fails to green, pave or cover the exposed ground of the construction land that cannot be started for more than three months, the competent departments of housing and urban and rural construction of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

       Article 116　In violation of the provisions of this Law, vehicles transporting bulk and fluid materials such as coal, garbage, muck, sand and gravel, earthwork, mortar, etc. fail to take sealing or other measures to prevent the materials from being scattered, and the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 2,000 yuan and less than 20,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, vehicles are not allowed to drive on the road.

       Article 117　In violation of the provisions of this law, anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections in accordance with his duties and be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop rectification or suspend business for rectification:

        (a) coal, coal gangue, cinder, coal ash, cement, lime, gypsum, sand and other materials that are easy to produce dust are not sealed;

        (two) for the materials that can not be sealed and are easy to produce dust, there is no strict enclosure not lower than the height of the stack, or no effective covering measures are taken to prevent and control dust pollution;

        (three) loading and unloading materials are not closed or sprayed to control dust emission;

        (four) storage of coal, coal gangue, coal cinder, coal ash and other materials, without taking fire prevention measures;

        (five) docks, mines, landfills and disposal sites have not taken effective measures to prevent and control dust pollution;

        (6) Enterprises and institutions that discharge toxic and harmful air pollutants listed in the Catalogue of Toxic and Harmful Air Pollutants fail to build an environmental risk early warning system or regularly monitor the discharge outlets and the surrounding environment, investigate potential environmental safety hazards and take effective measures to prevent environmental risks;

        (7) Enterprises, institutions, other producers and operators who discharge persistent organic pollutants into the atmosphere and the operating units of waste incineration facilities fail to adopt technical methods and processes conducive to reducing the emission of persistent organic pollutants and equip them with purification devices in accordance with relevant state regulations;

        (eight) no measures have been taken to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 118　In violation of the provisions of this Law, catering service operators who discharge lampblack have not installed lampblack purification facilities, used lampblack purification facilities abnormally or adopted other lampblack purification measures, and discharged lampblack beyond the emission standard, the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

        In violation of the provisions of this Law, the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order the newly-built, rebuilt or expanded catering service projects that produce oil fume, odor and waste gas in residential buildings, commercial and residential buildings without supporting special flues, and commercial floors adjacent to residential floors in commercial and residential buildings; Refuses to correct, be closed, and impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than one hundred thousand yuan.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, barbecues food in the open air or provides a venue for barbecued food in a time period and area prohibited by the local people’s government shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and his barbecue tools and illegal income shall be confiscated, and he shall also be fined not less than 500 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan.

       Article 119　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, sprays highly toxic pesticides on trees, flowers and plants in densely populated areas, or burns straw, fallen leaves and other substances that produce smoke and dust pollution in the open air shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and may be fined from 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, burns asphalt, linoleum, rubber, plastics, leather, garbage and other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke and malodorous gases in densely populated areas and other areas that need special protection according to law shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the people’s government at the county level to make corrections, and the unit shall be fined from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan, and the individual shall be fined from 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, sets off fireworks and firecrackers in time periods and areas prohibited by the people’s government of a city shall be punished by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level according to law.

       Article 120　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in service activities such as clothing dry cleaning and motor vehicle maintenance, fails to install pollution prevention facilities such as odor and waste gas treatment devices and keeps them in normal use, thus affecting the surrounding environment, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 2,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

       Article 121　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, releases forecast and early warning information of heavily polluted weather to the society without authorization, which constitutes a violation of public security management, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses to implement emergency measures for heavy polluted weather such as stopping earth and stone work on the construction site or demolishing buildings shall be fined at least 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level.

       Article 122　Those who violate the provisions of this law and cause air pollution accidents shall be fined by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of this article; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel may be fined less than 50% of the income obtained from this enterprise or institution in the previous year.

        For those who cause general or large air pollution accidents, a fine shall be calculated according to the direct loss caused by the pollution accident, which is more than one time but less than three times; If a major or extraordinarily serious air pollution accident is caused, a fine shall be calculated according to the direct loss caused by the pollution accident of more than three times and less than five times.

       Article 123　In violation of the provisions of this law, enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who commit any of the following acts are fined, ordered to make corrections, and refuse to make corrections, the administrative organ that has made the punishment decision according to law may impose continuous penalties on a daily basis according to the original amount of punishment from the day following the day when it is ordered to make corrections:

        (1) Discharging atmospheric pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit according to law;

        (2) Discharging atmospheric pollutants that exceed the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants or exceed the total emission control targets of key atmospheric pollutants;

        (3) Discharging atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision;

        (4) failing to take effective measures to prevent and control dust pollution during construction or storage of materials that are prone to dust.

       Article 124　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, retaliates against an informer by dissolving or modifying the labor contract or by other means shall be liable in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws.

       Article 125　If the discharge of air pollutants causes damage, it shall bear tort liability according to law.

       Article 126　Local people’s governments at all levels, the competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection and their staff who abuse their powers, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for selfish ends and practise fraud shall be punished according to law.

       Article 127　Anyone who violates the provisions of this law and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

       Article 128　The prevention and control of air pollution in marine engineering shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.

       Article 129　This law shall come into force as of January 1, 2016.

Seeking self in doubt: You should fly to your mountain like a bird.

Time:March 13th (Friday) 19:00-20:30.

Location:Sinan classic reading club-online activity group

Speaker:Lv Zonglei (Book Editor)

On Friday night, Lv Zonglei, the editor in charge of the Chinese translation of You Fly to Your Mountain like a Bird, will lead us to follow the footsteps of Tara, the author of this book, and gradually find ourselves in doubt. At the same time, we will open five places to participating readers and ask them to talk about their feelings about reading You Fly to Your Mountain like a Bird.

Reading should be after dinner.

Time:March 13th (Friday) 19:00-21:00

Location:Dangdang is the live broadcast room and the live broadcast room.

Speaker:Lu Yehua (reasoning writer)

In this live broadcast, 99 scholars invited Lu Yehua, a reasoning writer, to share his new book The Book of Spring.

Sima Yi’s Family and the History of Wei and Jin Dynasties —— Book Sharing Meeting of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty

Time:March 13th (Friday) 19:30-21:00

Location:Dangdang should read the live broadcast.

Speaker:Lu Shuai (Lecturer, History Department, Nanjing Normal University)

Family of origin of Emperor Wu of Jin, the true background of politics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, people and society in troubled times … Sima Yan of Emperor Wu of Jin is the work of Japanese scholar Keiro Fukuhara, which was recently translated and published by Jiangsu People’s Publishing House. This Friday night, Lu Shuai, the translator of the Chinese version of the book, will be a guest in the live broadcast room to interpret the book for everyone.

Response to the Great Plague in the Three Eastern Provinces in the Late Qing Dynasty: Experience × Lessons × Enlightenment

Time:March 13th (Friday) 20:00-21:00

Location:Wind live broadcast, leader live broadcast

Speaker:Jiao Runming (Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, School of History, Liaoning University)

More than one hundred years ago, in 1910-1911, a very tragic plague disaster occurred in the northern part of China. The pneumonic plague ravaged the whole Northeast, Hebei and Shandong for half a year, killing more than 60,000 people, and at the same time, it had a great impact on political, economic and social life. This plague has left too many experiences and lessons, which deserve our in-depth summary. This live lecture follows the principle that history serves reality, combs and summarizes on the basis of respecting historical truth, and discusses history around three aspects: experience, lesson and enlightenment.

Facing Everything Sincerely —— Camus Plague and His Time

Time:March 13th (Friday) 20:00-21:00

Location:Dragonfly FM

Speaker:Xu Zhiyuan (writer and publisher)

On Friday night, writer Xu Zhiyuan will broadcast live audio on Dragonfly FM, focusing on Camus’ classic Plague.

The influence of financial crisis and its countermeasures

Time:March 13th (Friday) 20:00-21:00

Location:Zhongxin reading club live broadcast room

Speaker:Yi Feng (Vice President of Zheshang Asset Research Institute, Master Supervisor of beijing language and culture university Business School)

"Fire Fighting: American Financial Crisis and Its Lessons" is a rethinking of the "three-person rescue group" after the financial crisis for ten years. In this book, Bernanke, Geithner and Paulson provide valuable reference for their successors, finance ministers of other countries and supervisors of central banks to deal with future crises. On Friday night, guest Yi Feng will enter the live broadcast room to share the theme and answer questions interactively.

How to cultivate children’s habit of reading and writing?

Time:March 13th (Friday) 20:00-21:00

Location:Dangdang should read the live broadcast.

Speaker:Sun Yunxiao (children’s literature writer)

Parents, are you worried that your children seldom take the initiative to read? Or is it that children’s reading volume has gone up, but you are worried about how to choose good books? Children don’t know how to write the composition assigned by the teacher. Children don’t get into the habit of writing except finishing their homework? In this live broadcast, Sun Yunxiao, a famous children’s literature writer, will share with you why reading and writing habits are important, the cultivation of reading habits and writing habits, and give suggestions to parents and friends.

How did hatred come about? -Caroline Emke’s "Why Are Enemies"

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 14:00-15:30.

Location:Goethe Institute Weibo, China

Guest:Yun Yetui (writer, book reviewer), Berlin (author, cultural journalist)

In 2019, the Chinese version of Caroline Emke’s Why Are Enemies was published by Sohn of Social Science Literature Publishing House with the support of the translation funding project of Goethe Institute (China). In this live online reading salon, Chen Jiayu, editor of the publishing house, will discuss the book and related topics with Beijing independent journalist Bai Lin and Shanghai writer and book critic Yun Yetui through live connection. The event will be broadcast live on the Goethe Institute Weibo, China, and the audience can participate in the discussion online.

Plague and Man —— Deep Thinking on the Community of Human Destiny

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 14:00-15:30.

Location:Shanghai Book Fair × Xingyong Humanities School Branch Live Group

Speaker:Jia Min (Associate Professor saias)

In this lecture, Jia Min will analyze and ponder the current world order from a historical perspective by looking back on World War I and Spanish flu, the "second deadliest infectious disease in human history" a hundred years ago: Is there a hidden risk behind peace in the current development of human society? What lessons should the citizens and governors of the world learn from historical experience in order to keep the present peace and progress more permanently? I hope we can find some clues and answers during the discussion for one and a half hours.

Small window meditation and poetry and painting between clouds

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 14:00-15:30.

Location:Duoyun Academy Yunjian Reading Club WeChat Group

Speaker:Wang Shuman (writer)

In the collection of poems and paintings "Small Window Meditation", Wang Shuman painted with ancient methods, but his poems and essays were not limited to ancient and modern styles. Words and paintings are "true records and reflections from the soul". In this reading club, Wang Shuman will share with you her story of poetry and painting creation, as well as anecdotes of famous poets and painters in ancient Songjiang (Yunjian).

A brief history of eating goods

Time:15:00 on March 14th (Saturday)

Location:Zhongshuge Hangzhou Store Tik Tok Live Room, Zhongshu Book Audio-visual franchise store Taobao Live Room, Zhongshuge Book Flagship Store Taobao Live Room.

Guest:Chen Huasheng (historical and cultural writer, general manager of Hangzhou Daily Newspaper Group Hangzhou Network) and Zhao Qunwei (chairman and publishing planner of Hangzhou Zijin Port Culture Communication Co., Ltd.)

On March 14th, Chen Huasheng, the author and historical and cultural writer of A Brief History of Eating Goods, and Zhao Qunwei, the planner, will visit Zhong Shuge’s live studio to share with us the creation story of A Brief History of Eating Goods and how to be a qualified eater.

Literature: speaking for the little people with compassion

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 19:30-20:30

Location:Dangdang should read the live broadcast.

Speaker:Ge Fang (writer)

During the epidemic, Jiangsu Phoenix Literature and Art Publishing House made a new attempt to make readers and friends read at home easily, and invited many scholars, experts and senior editors to broadcast live on the Internet.

Ge Fang’s "Open Class for Famous Writers" opens the reading life in the epidemic period and lets you find the light of life.

Why are we talking about women today?

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 20:00-21:00.

Location:Rainbow Book List Online Common Reading Program Reader Group

Speaker:Pang Ying (management consultant)

Why are we talking about women? Pang Ying believes that the issue of women begins with women but is not limited to women. It is essentially the liberation of both sexes. Being kind to any vulnerable group is essentially striving for everyone in this world to be kind. We can neither ask women to be free but turn their faces to men with stereotypes, nor ask whites not to discriminate against yellow people but turn their faces to discriminate against black people. Pursuing consistency is the starting point for improving personal moral understanding. On the evening of March 14th, Pang Ying will be a guest in the live broadcast room of "Women in Spring" and share with the readers "Why do we talk about women today?"

Life is so circuitous that it needs the most beautiful comfort.

Time:March 14th (Saturday) 20:00-21:30.

Location:Bi Li bi Li live room

Speaker:Xu Sheng (scholar, independent art curator, art critic)

In this epidemic, people have ups and downs. Reading and enjoying play are all good ways to guide people. Attack poison with reading, forget worry with beauty. On March 14th, we invited Xu Sheng, a senior art critic, to show his fine Song Dynasty porcelain pieces and show us the aesthetic characteristics.

Truth and falsehood in pingtan

Time:13:30 on March 15th (Sunday)

Location:Shanghai Pingtan Group Tik Tok Live Studio

Guest:Gao Bowen (head of Shanghai Pingtan Group) and Lu Jinhua (Pingtan actor)

March 15th is Consumer Rights Protection Day. Let’s meet in Tik Tok Live Room to see what’s true and false’ in Pingtan.

Entering the calligraphy world of qigong

Time:March 16th (Monday) 20:30-21:30.

Location:Taobao live broadcast room

Speaker:Guard (editor of Beijing Normal University Publishing Group and supervisor of Beijing Qigong Art Research Association)

The Course of My Learning Calligraphy was compiled according to Mr. Qi Gong’s manuscript. In the manuscript, Mr. Qi Gong answered in detail the problems encountered in the process of calligraphy learning in the form of questions and answers, such as writing, carrying pens, selecting pens, selecting ink, selecting paper, selecting posts, attaching posts and calligraphy creation. The writing is easy to understand and the language is humorous. On the evening of March 16th, the guest guard will share this book with you in the live broadcast room, lead you into the calligraphy world of Qigong, and realize Mr. Dong Qigong’s open-minded life.

　　According to the report of Jinan Health and Health Commission, from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, Jinan reported 2 newly confirmed local cases and 34 newly asymptomatic local infected people.

　　From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, 2 cases of confirmed cases in Jinan were discharged, and 5 cases of asymptomatic infection in Jinan were released from medical observation.

　　Case 1-17:All of them tested positive for nucleic acid during centralized isolation. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, one case was confirmed in COVID-19 and 16 cases were asymptomatic infected in Covid-19.

　　Case 18-28:The nucleic acid test of key personnel in the control area was positive. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, he was diagnosed as asymptomatic infected person in Covid-19.

　　Cases 29-36:Community health screening nucleic acid test was positive. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, one case was confirmed in COVID-19 and seven cases were asymptomatic infected in Covid-19. The preliminary epidemiological investigation track was subsequently released.

　　By 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, there were 18 locally confirmed cases and 278 locally asymptomatic infected people in Jinan. 3 cases of asymptomatic infection were imported from abroad.