Lead: Business has always been an important part of human society. There were many outstanding business figures in ancient China, but they were rarely known by the world. In order to summarize these business wisdom from ancient ancestors and enlighten the present, Lishi Business Think Tank has planned a series of "Business People in China’s Ancient Business History" for readers. This issue shares the financial magnate Wuyan who made a profit through the investment war in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Liping | Author Lishi Business Think Tank | Produced by

War is a matter that consumes human life and money. The former is the so-called "one will make a great effort and ten thousand bones will wither away", "poor bones along the river are still in a dream", and the latter is what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War: "Take a hundred thousand armour and feed food thousands of miles away". If more than one hundred thousand soldiers are used, they will be transported thousands of miles away, and there are also "internal and external expenses, guests’ use and glue.

In a word, fighting is a costly thing.

This is already a common sense.

However, we may not realize that the economic cost of war is not only paid by the state, but also by individuals. The personal contribution mentioned here is not to pay taxes for the country to use in the war, but as an individual, he should buy his own military supplies and use his own money to go to the battlefield.

This is actually in ancient China and foreign countries.

There is another point that many people may not realize. In ancient times, there were financial lending institutions that profited from the war and made huge profits.

What’s going on? Let’s take a look at the financial industry of the ancient investment war by resuming the chaos of the seven countries in the Western Han Dynasty.

one

The governors of the Western Han Dynasty dared to rebel because of money.

As we all know, since Qin Shihuang, China has implemented the county system, depriving the sons and grandsons of the right to hereditary territory and titles, and the political pattern of feudal society in China, as well as the central and local patterns, has been determined.

However, history is moving forward in a roundabout rhythm, moving forward, retreating a little, and moving forward again.

The Qin Dynasty was short-lived. Many people think that it was because Qin Shihuang implemented a thorough county system and did not set up descendants as vassals as barriers. So after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to continuing the county system established by the Qin Dynasty, it was still mixed with the vassal system, and Liu Bang enfeoffed his sons and nephews to become princes everywhere, forming a pattern in which the county system and the enfeoffment system crossed.

Liu Bang was uneasy about this situation in his heart. For example, when he made his nephew Liu Bi the king of Wu, he saw that Liu Bi was strong and couldn’t help feeling a twinge in his heart, so he stroked Liu Bi’s head and said, "Your boy must be loyal to my big fellow, and there must be no infidelity." Liu Bi was also frightened and trembling by this uncle who killed the snake uprising and put down the overlord, and said, "I will obey you."

With Liu Bang gone, it is not necessary to obey.

With the passage of time, the honeymoon period of the county system and the enfeoffment system passed quickly, and two different blood types could not coexist in the body of a dynasty and began to repel each other.

By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi, a famous scholar, urged the emperor to end the system of enfeoffment.

When Emperor Han Jingdi arrived, Chao Cuo, the minister, explicitly proposed to cut the vassal.

Thus, in 154 BC, the contradiction between the imperial court and the princes was irreconcilable. Headed by Liu Bi, the king of Wu, the king of Chu, the king of Zhao, the king of Jinan, the king of Zichuan, the king of Jiaoxi and the king of Jiaodong, they launched a rebellion in the name of "Qingjun side".

On the surface, the rebellion of the seven countries was to kill Chao Cuo, and Emperor Han Jing really believed it and killed Chao Cuo. However, the rebellion did not stop. It turned out that all the governors wanted not Chao Cuo’s life, but the life of the Han Dynasty.

I don’t need to repeat too much about the process and ending of the war. It only took more than three months, and the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was quelled by Zhou Yafu. Since then, the governors of the Han Dynasty no longer have the ability to confront the central dynasty by force.

The angle we cut in is the economic angle.

When the rebellion just started, how did the wealth and power of the two sides compare?

Everyone must be familiar with Emperor Han Jingdi’s side. It was the prosperous time of the rule of Wenjing. It is said that the grain in the treasury rotted into red, and the money strings were scattered, but they were not used.

And the vassal state side, do you think it is very weak?

Not only not weak, but even stronger than the central dynasty.

The State of Wu under the rule of the King of Wu, Liu Ying, was a giant consortium, which not only had a lot of money, but also implemented a wartime economic system.

The biggest advantage is that the prince of Wu has mines at home.

Yuzhang County, within the jurisdiction of Liu Bi, has a huge copper mountain, which can be used to cast coins; On the east side of the jurisdiction, there is a boundless sea where salt can be boiled.

There is money and salt, and there is no need to pay taxes.

Under this innate advantage, Wu was fully capable of waging war with the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty, and the advantage lay in Wu.

Liu Bi also attaches great importance to the welfare in China. The people live a good life and enjoy extra care. Once the local people are recruited by the central government for military service, the local government of Wu will also pay the employment fee for these people. One person is serving in the military service for the government, so the whole family life need not worry.

The imperial court recruited soldiers, and the local government gave them living expenses. It was clear that it was to buy the hearts of local people.

There are rich mountains, salt seas, manpower, people’s hearts, and princes fighting against the imperial court. The odds are really great. I really don’t know how to write the history of the national movement of the Western Han Dynasty if it weren’t for the military genius Zhou Yafu left by God.

On Wu’s side, the king of Wu paid the bill for participating in the rebel war.

On the central side of the Western Han Dynasty, those who fought had to buy equipment from their own pockets.

What’s more, major financial institutions in Chang ‘an City are reluctant to lend because they are bearish on the war prospect of the central dynasty.

What should Chang ‘an government do next?

two

In the case of sparing loans, how did the Western Han military get out of the predicament?

Re-examine the situation in Chang ‘an before the war.

It can be said that people are in a panic. The financial industry is a barometer of politics and military affairs. At that time, the financial institutions in Chang ‘an basically refused to give it to the "Central Army" of the Han Dynasty because they thought the chances of winning were too low.

"Biography of Huo Zhi" in Historical Records records: "Zi Qianjia thought that Hou Yi’s country was in Kanto, and the success or failure of Kanto was undecided, so he refused to cooperate."

The so-called sub-money family is the kind of lending institution and folk. They thought that the vassal state was east of Chang ‘an, and the success or failure was uncertain at that time, so they refused to lend.

Who will you lend it to?

To those who went to the front to fight.

These liehou ancestors got some enfeoffment because they worked for the Han Dynasty, mostly in the form of land. In return, liehou had to provide their own equipment, buy their own weapons and pommel horses and go to the front at their own expense when the country had military operations.

This situation existed in ancient China and abroad.

For example, "Mulan Ci" said: "The east market buys horses, the west market buys saddles, the south market buys bridles and the north market buys whips." Before Mulan joined the army, she bought equipment all over the market, and probably went to the front at her own expense.

Another example is Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers. The French cardinal launched a war against Spain, and the members of the King’s Musketeers had to prepare their own armor, horses, knives and guns and follow the cardinal to the battlefield. One of them had to please the ladies and borrow money because he was short of money.

This is the situation faced by the Western Han Dynasty.

The assets given by the imperial court are either idle or gambled away, and maybe some of them are still negative assets.

It is necessary to serve the court. But you can’t go to the battlefield on foot with a bamboo pole with bare arms.

They first thought of loans, and maybe they are already frequent customers of these financial lending institutions.

However, all over Chang ‘an, financial institutions are either closed or pushed. Sorry, we financial predators are not optimistic about the war prospects of the imperial court, so we can’t borrow this money.

At this time, the strong men of the Western Han Dynasty were in a desperate situation.

The cross-flow of the sea shows the true colors of heroes and financial institutions.

I am greedy when others are afraid.

This greedy financial institution finally came out. At that time, it was not a financial crocodile, but it was ambitious.

The boss of this financial institution, surnamed Wu Yan, put up a signboard and was willing to lend money to the soldiers who were about to go to the front.

Soon, the empty-handed Hou people rushed in.

The Wuyan family made a written statement with the heroes who were about to go out, and the money was immediately available, but there was a harsh condition, that is, the interest was ten times.

"Its interest rate is ten."

It’s a total usury.

However, without thinking about it, the Hou immediately took money and bought brand-new equipment, and went to the front line without hesitation.

The so-called ten times interest rate is not a threat to them at all.

Because there are only two endings.

One is to die, and people don’t have to pay their debts when they die.

First, victory, once there is a trophy, this interest of ten times can only be described as "mere".

And there are only two endings of salt-free financial institutions.

First, defeat, defeat is defeat, nothing more than losing all one’s money, and the imperial court and country will be lost. What is there to say?

One is victory. Needless to say, we have everything.

The nature of capital is profit-loving, aggressive and adventurous.

Let the capital fight with the soldiers of the crusade.

three

Borrowing capital gained ten times in the war of seven countries.

The Seven Kingdoms Rebellion in 154 AD eventually became a large-scale dying struggle of local governors. The Han Dynasty continued its life for more than a hundred years, and the supreme military commander of the imperial court, Zhou Yafu, must be the most grateful person in the world. He used Han Jingdi’s uncle Liang Xiaowang as a fortress to attract the rebels’ fire, so that the rebels were exhausted here, and then he broke the back road of the seven countries by himself, and finally put down the rebellion in three months.

It was Liang Xiaowang who was not under Zhou Yafu’s credit. Although he didn’t take the initiative, he clung to his territory and resisted the fierce attacks of the rebels of the Seven Countries. Liang Xiaowang repeatedly asked Zhou Yafu for help, but Zhou Yafu just ignored it. Others were unreliable and had to ask for help, so the defensive ability was greatly stimulated, which led to great damage to the troops of the Seven Countries at the gates and made it impossible for Zhou Yafu to send troops.

There is another point that many people may not think of, and that is the lending institution-Wuyan’s Qianjia.

The bold lending behavior of the Wuyan clan actually retained the military backbone for the Western Han Dynasty, greatly released their fighting capacity and stimulated their desire to fight. There is money in your hand and you don’t panic when you go into battle. This is one of them. If you are in debt, you must fight bravely and win, so that you can earn your money back and look forward to the future. This is the second.

It can be said that the financial institutions without salt made a key contribution to the victory of the Western Han Dynasty.

Finance not only provides capital, but also provides confidence.

After the victory, the survivors came back with a huge amount of trophies, and their profits exceeded ten times the interest, which made everyone happy.

As for those who were buried in the battlefield, the debts they borrowed were of course bad debts, but they were completely washed away by rich returns.

The ultimate winner is the Han Dynasty.

The biggest winner is the Wuyan family.

Compared with before the war, its assets have increased tenfold.

"At the age of one, the interest rate of the salt-free family is ten times."

Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, a short historical material, shows us the richer structure of ancient wars. It is not only the correct decision of the rulers, the level of the commanders’ use of troops, and the bravery of the soldiers that determines the outcome of the war to quell the rebellion of the Seven Countries, but also closely related to financial lending. It became an integral part of the fighting capacity and fighting confidence of the Han Dynasty.

From a financial point of view, Sima Qian may be the first person in China since ancient times.

— END —

China’s Military Strategy　
(May 2015)
People’s Republic of China (PRC) the State Council press office

catalogue

foreword

I. National security situation

Second, the military mission and strategic tasks

Third, the strategic policy of active defense

Fourth, the construction and development of military forces

V. Preparation for Military Struggle

VI. Military security cooperation

　

foreword

Today, the world is facing unprecedented changes, and contemporary China is at a critical stage of reform and development. In the struggle to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the people of China hope to work with other countries to safeguard peace, seek common development and share prosperity.

China is closely linked to the fate of the world. World prosperity and stability are opportunities for China, and the peaceful development of China is also an opportunity for the world. China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and a defensive national defense policy, oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics, and never seek hegemony or expansion. China’s army has always been a staunch force for maintaining world peace.

Building and consolidating national defense and a strong army is the strategic task of China’s modernization and the security guarantee for the country’s peaceful development. Military strategy is the general strategy for planning and guiding the construction and application of military forces, which is subordinate to and serves the national strategic objectives. Standing at a new historical starting point, China’s armed forces adapt to the new changes in the national security environment, closely focus on realizing the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the armed forces under the new situation, implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation, accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and provide a strong guarantee for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

I. National security situation

In today’s era, world multipolarization, economic globalization and social informatization are developing in depth, and the international community is increasingly becoming a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Peace, development, cooperation and win-win have become an irresistible trend of the times.

The international situation has undergone profound evolution, and the international power balance, global governance system structure, Asia-Pacific geostrategic pattern and international economic, scientific, technological and military competition pattern are undergoing historic changes. The forces for maintaining peace are rising, and the factors restricting war are increasing. In the foreseeable future, there will be no world war, and the overall peace situation is expected to be maintained. However, hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism will have new development, the struggle of various international forces around the redistribution of power and rights and interests will become fierce, terrorist activities will become increasingly active, ethnic and religious contradictions, border and territorial disputes and other hot spots will be complex and changeable, skirmishes, conflicts and frequent crises will remain the norm in some regions, and the world will still face realistic and potential local war threats.

China’s development will still be in an important period of strategic opportunities, and the external environment is generally favorable. The country’s comprehensive national strength, core competitiveness and ability to resist risks have been significantly enhanced, its international status and influence have been significantly improved, people’s lives have been significantly improved, and the overall social situation has remained stable. As a large developing country, China still faces multiple and complex security threats, with increasing external resistance and challenges. The issues of survival security and development security, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and the task of safeguarding national unity, territorial integrity and development interests is arduous and arduous.

With the acceleration of the shift of the world economy and strategic focus to the Asia-Pacific region, the United States continues to promote the Asia-Pacific "rebalancing" strategy and strengthen its regional military presence and military alliance system. Japan actively seeks to get rid of the post-war system and substantially adjust its military security policy. The development trend of the country has attracted great attention from regional countries. Individual maritime neighbors have taken provocative actions on issues involving China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and strengthened their military presence on the illegally "occupied" Chinese island reefs. Some foreign countries are also trying their best to intervene in the South China Sea affairs. Some countries keep high-frequency air and sea close to China for reconnaissance, and the struggle for rights protection in the maritime direction will exist for a long time. Some land territorial disputes still exist. There are many unstable and uncertain factors in the situation on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia. The rampant terrorism, separatism and extremism in the region have also adversely affected the security and stability around China.

The Taiwan Province issue is related to national unity and long-term development, and national unity is the historical necessity of the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation. In recent years, cross-strait relations have maintained a good momentum of peaceful development, but the root causes affecting the stability of the situation in the Taiwan Strait have not been eliminated. The "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their separatist activities remain the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. The task of maintaining national political security and social stability is arduous and arduous, and the separatist forces of "East Turkistan" and "Tibet independence" are doing serious harm. In particular, the threat of violent terrorist activities in "East Turkistan" has escalated, and anti-China forces are plotting to create a "color revolution", which poses more challenges to national security and social stability. With the continuous expansion of national interests, international and regional turmoil, terrorism, piracy, major natural disasters and disease epidemics may all pose threats to national security, and overseas interests security issues such as energy resources, strategic passage security and overseas institutions, personnel and assets security are prominent.

The world’s new military revolution is developing in depth, and the weapons and equipment are becoming more precise, intelligent, stealthy and unmanned. Space and cyberspace have become the new commanding heights of strategic competition among all parties, and the form of war has accelerated to an information-based war. Major countries in the world actively adjust their national security strategies and defense policies, step up military transformation, and reshape their military power systems. Revolutionary changes in military technology and war forms have had a great impact on the international political and military situation and brought new and severe challenges to China’s military security.

Second, the military mission and strategic tasks

China’s national strategic goal is to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country in the centenary of the founding of New China, which is the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese dream is a dream of a strong country, and it is a dream of a strong army for the military. A strong army can defend the country, and a strong country must strengthen the army. In the new historical period, China’s army takes the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation as the general program, unswervingly adheres to the party’s absolute leadership over the army, always regards combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, vigorously carries forward the glorious tradition and fine work style, and builds a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good work style.

In the new era, the connotation and extension of China’s national security are richer than at any time in history, the space-time field is broader than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complicated than at any time in history. We must adhere to the overall national security concept and make overall plans for internal security and external security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, survival security and development security, and self-security and common security.

Realizing the national strategic goal and implementing the overall national security concept have put forward new demands for innovative development of military strategy and effective performance of military missions and tasks. It is necessary to adapt to the new requirements of safeguarding national security and development interests, pay more attention to using military forces and means to create a favorable strategic situation, and provide a strong security guarantee for peaceful development; Adapt to the new requirements of the development of the national security situation, constantly innovate strategic guidance and operational thinking, and ensure that we can fight and win the battle; Adapt to the new requirements of the new military revolution in the world, pay close attention to the challenges in the new security field, and strive to grasp the strategic initiative in military competition; Adapt to the new requirements of the development of national strategic interests, actively participate in regional and international security cooperation, and effectively safeguard the security of overseas interests; Adapt to the new requirements of the country’s comprehensive deepening reform, adhere to the road of military-civilian integration, actively support the country’s economic and social construction, resolutely safeguard the overall social stability, and make the army always become the backbone of the party’s consolidation of its ruling position and a reliable force for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

China’s army has effectively fulfilled its military mission in the new historical period, resolutely safeguarded the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, resolutely safeguarded national sovereignty, security and development interests, resolutely safeguarded the period of important strategic opportunities for national development, resolutely safeguarded regional and world peace, and provided a strong guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

China’s army mainly undertakes the following strategic tasks: responding to various emergencies and military threats and effectively safeguarding the sovereignty and security of the country’s territory, airspace and territorial waters; Resolutely defend the reunification of the motherland; Safeguard the security and interests of new fields; Safeguard the safety of overseas interests; Maintain strategic deterrence and organize nuclear counterattacks; Participate in regional and international security cooperation and safeguard regional and world peace; Strengthen the struggle against reverse osmosis, separatism and terrorism, and safeguard national political security and social stability; Responsible for emergency rescue and disaster relief, safeguarding rights and interests, security alert and supporting national economic and social construction.

Third, the strategic policy of active defense　

The strategic thought of active defense is the basic point of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s military strategic thought. In the long-term revolutionary war practice, the people’s army has formed a set of active defensive strategic ideas, adhered to the unity of strategic defense and offensive in battle, adhered to the principle of defense, self-defense and taking the initiative after the enemy, and adhered to the principle that "people will not attack me, and I will not commit crimes; If people commit crimes against me, I will commit crimes. "

After the founding of New China, the Central Military Commission established the military strategic policy of active defense, and made many adjustments to the content of the military strategic policy of active defense according to the development and changes of the national security situation. In 1993, the military strategic policy for the new period was formulated, with winning local wars under modern technology, especially high technology, as the basic point for military struggle. In 2004, the military strategic policy in the new period was enriched and improved, and the basic point of preparation for military struggle was further adjusted to win local wars under the conditions of informationization.

The socialist nature of China, the fundamental interests of the country and the objective requirement of taking the road of peaceful development determine that China must unswervingly adhere to the strategic thought of active defense, and at the same time constantly enrich and develop the connotation of this thought. According to the national security and development strategy, adapt to the requirements of the situation and tasks in the new historical period, adhere to the military strategic policy of active defense, keep pace with the times, strengthen military strategic guidance, further broaden strategic vision, update strategic thinking, move forward the focus of guidance, make overall plans for preparing for and stopping wars, safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, deterring and actual combat, war actions and the use of military forces in peacetime, pay attention to far-reaching strategies, shape favorable situations, comprehensively control crises, and resolutely curb and win wars.

Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and adjust the basic point of preparation for military struggle. According to the evolution of war forms and the national security situation, the basic point of military struggle preparation should be to win information-based local wars, highlight maritime military struggles and preparations for military struggles, effectively control major crises, properly deal with chain reactions, and resolutely defend national territorial sovereignty, unity and security. Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and innovate the basic operational thinking. According to the security threats in all directions and the actual situation of military capacity building, we should adhere to the principle of flexibility and self-determination, and use the integrated combat forces of various services and arms to implement the system of information-led, strategic and joint victory.

Implement the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and optimize the military strategic layout. According to China’s geo-strategic environment, security threats and military strategic tasks, we should build a strategic deployment and military situation with overall planning, regional responsibility, mutual coordination and integration; Respond to new security threats such as space and cyberspace and safeguard common security; Strengthen international security cooperation in overseas stakeholder areas and safeguard the safety of overseas interests.

Carry out the military strategic policy of active defense under the new situation and adhere to the following principles: obey and serve the national strategic objectives, implement the overall national security concept, strengthen preparations for military struggle, prevent crises, contain wars and win wars; Create a strategic situation conducive to the peaceful development of the country, adhere to a defensive national defense policy, adhere to close cooperation in political, military, economic, diplomatic and other fields, and actively respond to the comprehensive security threats that the country may face; Maintain the balance of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, coordinate the two overall situations of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, safeguard the country’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and safeguard the surrounding security and stability; Strive for the strategic initiative of military struggle, actively plan military struggles in all directions and fields, and seize the opportunity to accelerate the construction, reform and development of the army; Use flexible strategies and tactics, give full play to the overall effectiveness of joint operations, concentrate superior forces, and comprehensively use tactical means; Based on dealing with the most complicated and difficult situations, adhere to the bottom line thinking, do a good job in all preparations, and ensure proper response and handling; Give full play to the unique political advantages of the people’s army, adhere to the party’s absolute leadership over the army, attach importance to the cultivation of fighting spirit, strictly organize and discipline the army, purify and consolidate the army, close the relationship between the military, the government and the people, and boost the morale of the army; Give full play to the overall power of the people’s war, adhere to the people’s war as an important magic weapon to defeat the enemy, expand the content and methods of the people’s war, and promote the transformation of war mobilization from human mobilization to scientific and technological mobilization; Actively expand the space for military security cooperation, deepen military relations with big countries, neighboring countries and developing countries, and promote the establishment of regional security and cooperation frameworks.

Fourth, the construction and development of military forces

To carry out the military strategic policy under the new situation, we must closely focus on realizing the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation, take the country’s core security needs as the guide, focus on building an information-based army and winning an information-based war, comprehensively deepen the reform of national defense and the army, strive to build a modern military force system with China characteristics, and constantly improve the army’s ability to respond to various security threats and complete diversified military tasks.

Development of services and armed police forces

In accordance with the strategic requirements of mobile operations and three-dimensional attack and defense, the Army has realized the transformation from regional defense to global mobility, accelerated the development of miniaturization, versatility and modularization, adapted to the needs of different tasks in different regions, organized the construction of combat forces in different categories, built a combat force system that meets the requirements of joint operations, and improved the capabilities of precise operations, three-dimensional operations, global operations, multi-functional operations and sustained operations.

In accordance with the strategic requirements of offshore defense and offshore protection, the navy has gradually changed from offshore defense to offshore defense and offshore protection, built a comprehensive, multi-functional and efficient maritime combat force system, and improved its strategic deterrence and counterattack, maritime mobile operations, maritime joint operations, comprehensive defense operations and comprehensive support capabilities.

According to the strategic requirements of air and space integration and both offensive and defensive, the Air Force has realized the transformation from national air defense to both offensive and defensive, built an air and space defense force system that meets the needs of information operations, and improved its strategic early warning, air strikes, air defense and anti-missile, information confrontation, airborne operations, strategic delivery and comprehensive support capabilities.

The Second Artillery Corps, in accordance with the strategic requirements of being lean and effective, with both nuclear and conventional capabilities, accelerated the information transformation, promoted independent innovation of weapons and equipment by relying on scientific and technological progress, enhanced the safety, reliability and effectiveness of missile weapons, improved the power system with both nuclear and conventional capabilities, and improved the strategic deterrence, nuclear counterattack and medium-and long-range precision strike capability.

According to the strategic requirements of multi-functional integration and effective stability, the Armed Police Force develops the forces of duty security, emergency stability, anti-terrorism assault, emergency rescue, emergency support and air support, improves the power system with duty emergency and anti-terrorism stability as the main body, and improves the ability to complete diversified tasks with the duty emergency capacity as the core under the information conditions. Power development in major security fields.

The ocean is related to the long-term stability and sustainable development of the country. We must break through the traditional thinking of attaching importance to land and neglecting the sea, and attach great importance to managing the sea and safeguarding sea power. We will build a modern maritime military force system that is compatible with national security and development interests, safeguard national sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, safeguard the safety of strategic channels and overseas interests, participate in international cooperation in the ocean, and provide strategic support for building a maritime power.

Space is the commanding height of international strategic competition. The weaponization of space is beginning to show signs about the development of space forces and means by countries concerned. China has always advocated the peaceful use of space, opposed the weaponization and arms race in space, and actively participated in international space cooperation. Closely follow and master the space situation, respond to the threats and challenges of space security, safeguard the safety of space assets, serve the national economic construction and social development, and safeguard space security.

Cyberspace is a new pillar of economic and social development and a new field of national security. The international strategic competition in cyberspace is becoming increasingly fierce, and many countries are developing cyberspace military forces. China is one of the biggest victims of hacker attacks. The security of network infrastructure is facing severe threats, and the influence of cyberspace on military security is gradually rising. Accelerate the construction of cyberspace power, improve the ability of cyberspace situational awareness, cyber defense, support national cyberspace struggles and participate in international cooperation, curb major cyberspace crises, ensure national network and information security, and safeguard national security and social stability.

Nuclear power is the strategic cornerstone for safeguarding national sovereignty and security. China has always pursued the policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons, adhered to the nuclear strategy of self-defense, unconditionally refrained from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States and nuclear-weapon-free zones, and never engaged in a nuclear arms race with any country. Its nuclear power has always been maintained at the lowest level required for safeguarding national security. We will improve the nuclear power system, improve the capabilities of strategic early warning, command and control, missile penetration, rapid response and survival protection, and deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China.

Military strength building measures

Strengthen ideological and political construction. Always give priority to ideological and political construction in all aspects of military construction, strengthen and improve military political work under the new situation, carry forward and practice socialist core values, continuously cultivate contemporary revolutionary soldiers’ core values, carry forward glorious traditions and fine work style, adhere to a series of fundamental principles and systems of the party’s absolute leadership over the military, enhance the creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of party organizations at all levels, vigorously cultivate a new generation of revolutionary soldiers with soul, ability, blood and morality, and ensure that the troops resolutely obey the Party Central Committee and morality at all times and under all circumstances.

Promote the construction of modern logistics. Deepen the reform of logistics policy system and logistics support force, optimize the strategic logistics layout, innovate the support mode, develop new support means, enrich the reserve of combat readiness materials, integrate the construction of logistics information system, improve the system of laws and regulations, carefully organize supply support, and build logistics to win the modern war, serve the modernization of the army and transform into information.

Develop advanced weapons and equipment. Adhere to information-oriented, system construction, independent innovation and sustainable development, make overall plans and give prominence to key points, speed up the upgrading of weapons and equipment, and build a weapons and equipment system that meets the requirements of information warfare and mission performance.

Do a good job in training new military talents. Vigorously implement the talent strategy project, improve the military human resources system, deepen the reform of military academies, improve the new military talent training system of military academy education, military training practice and military vocational education, attract more outstanding talents, and cultivate and cultivate talent groups that meet the needs of information war.

We will further promote the rule of law and strictly manage the army. Focus on comprehensively strengthening the revolutionization, modernization and regularization of the army, innovate and develop the theory and practice of governing the army according to law, build a perfect military rule of law system with China characteristics, and improve the level of rule of law in national defense and army building.
　　Promote innovation in military theory. Adhere to the guidance of the Party’s innovative theory, strengthen the research on operational issues, deeply explore the winning mechanism of modern wars, innovate flexible strategies and tactics, develop the theory of army building under the new situation, and form an advanced military theoretical system suitable for winning future wars.

Strengthen strategic management. Optimize the functional allocation and institutional setup of the leading organs at the headquarters of the Military Commission, improve the leadership management system of various services and arms, and adhere to demand-driven planning and planning leading resource allocation. Strengthen the overall planning and coordination, improve the planning system, and build a planning management mechanism. Strengthen the overall supervision of strategic resources and strengthen the process supervision and risk control of major projects. Improve the strategic evaluation mechanism, establish and improve the evaluation system and supporting standards and norms.

Integration of defense and civilian technologies’s deep development.

We will carry out the policy of combining the military with the people, further promote the development of military-civilian integration, constantly improve the integration mechanism, enrich the integration forms, expand the integration scope and upgrade the integration level, and strive to form a comprehensive, multi-field and high-efficiency deep development pattern of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

Accelerate the integration of military and civilian development in key construction areas. We will increase policy support, comprehensively promote the common use of military and civilian standards in basic fields, key technical fields and major industries, and explore ways and means to cultivate military talents by relying on the national education system, develop weapons and equipment by relying on the national defense industry system, and promote socialized logistics support by relying on the social security system. We will extensively carry out joint military-civilian infrastructure construction, promote the rational development and cooperative use of military-civilian marine, space, airspace, surveying and mapping, navigation, meteorology, spectrum and other resources, and promote the mutual complementarity and mutual use of military-civilian resources.

Improve the operation mode of overall military and civilian construction. At the national level, we will establish a unified leadership, military-civilian coordination, demand docking and resource sharing mechanism for integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development, improve the management responsibilities of relevant military-civilian departments, improve the general military-civilian standard system, explore the construction of a policy system of government investment, tax incentives and financial support, accelerate the legislative process of military-civilian coordinated construction, and gradually form an overall pattern of military-civilian coordinated development. We will promote the comprehensive use of military forces and forces in various fields, and establish and improve an operational mechanism for joint military and civilian response to major crises and emergencies.

Improve the system and mechanism of national defense mobilization. Strengthen national defense education and enhance the national defense concept of the whole people. Strengthen the construction of reserve forces, optimize the structure of reserve forces, increase the proportion of reserve forces of arms and services and forces undertaking support and support tasks, and innovate the grouping and application mode of reserve forces. Strengthen the scientific and technological content of national defense mobilization, do a good job in the preparation of information resource requisition support mobilization, strengthen the construction of professional support team, and build a national defense mobilization system that is suitable for winning the information war and integrated with emergency response.

V. Preparation for Military Struggle　

Preparation for military struggle is the basic practical activity of the army and an important guarantee for maintaining peace, containing crises and winning wars. To expand and deepen the preparations for military struggle, we must adhere to the requirements of being able to fight and win the battle, adhere to the orientation of solving key and difficult problems, be practical and ready, and comprehensively improve the deterrence and actual combat capability of the army.

Enhance system capabilities based on information system. Accelerate the transformation of combat power generation mode, integrate various combat forces, combat units and combat elements into an overall combat capability by using information systems, and gradually build an integrated joint combat system with seamless links of combat elements and independent cooperation of combat platforms. Efforts will be made to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems that restrict system capabilities, promote the in-depth development and efficient utilization of information resources, strengthen the construction of reconnaissance and early warning systems and command and control systems, develop medium-and long-range precision strike forces, and improve the comprehensive security system. In accordance with the requirements of authority, competence, flexibility and efficiency, establish and improve the joint operational command organization of the military commission and the joint operational command system of the theater.

Make overall plans to advance preparations for military struggle in all directions and fields. China’s geo-strategic environment is complex, and there are different threats and challenges in all strategic directions and security fields. We must make overall plans, highlight key points, promote comprehensive and coordinated development of military struggle preparations, and maintain overall strategic balance and stability. Coordinate preparations for military struggle in the traditional and new security fields, and do a good job in safeguarding national sovereignty and security, safeguarding national maritime rights and interests, and responding to armed conflicts and emergencies. Adapt to the upgrading of weapons and equipment and the development and change of combat style, further optimize the battlefield layout and strengthen strategic preset.

Maintain a constant state of readiness. Improve the daily combat readiness level in an all-round way, maintain a high alert posture, and carefully organize border air defense combat readiness patrols and duties. The army forces have built a system of combat readiness forces that are linked in various strategic directions, combined with multiple arms, and supported by operational support, and maintained a good state of prompt, dynamic and effective response. The naval forces organize and implement normalized combat readiness patrols to maintain a military presence in relevant sea areas. The air force adheres to the principle of integration of peacetime and wartime, global response and arrival in Xinjiang, and maintains a sensitive and efficient combat readiness. The Second Artillery Corps maintains a moderate alert state at ordinary times, and builds an operational duty system with integrated elements, complete functions, sensitivity and high efficiency in accordance with the principles of combining peacetime and wartime, being always ready to fight at any time.

Improve the actual combat level of military training. Adhere to the strategic position of actual combat military training, train troops from difficulties to strictness based on actual combat needs, strictly follow the program, strengthen the innovation of tactics and training methods, improve military training standards and laws and regulations, speed up the construction of large-scale comprehensive training bases, and build an actual combat training environment. We will carry out in-depth simulation training based on actual combat needs, simulation training based on information technology, and actual combat training that meets actual combat standards, strengthen command training of the head office and joint training of various services and arms, and increase training in complex electromagnetic environment, complex unfamiliar areas and complex meteorological conditions. Establish and improve the training supervision and inspection system, and strive to integrate training with actual combat.

Organize preparations for non-war military operations. It is an inevitable requirement for the army to perform its duties and missions in the new period and an important way to enhance its combat capability to carry out non-war military operations such as emergency rescue, anti-terrorism, maintaining stability, safeguarding rights and interests, security alert, international peacekeeping and international rescue. Incorporate the construction of non-war military operational capability into the overall planning and implementation of military modernization and military struggle preparation, and do a good job in emergency command mechanism, emergency force construction, professional personnel training, applicable equipment support, and improve relevant policies and regulations. Promote the coordinated operation of the military emergency command mechanism and the national emergency management mechanism, and adhere to unified organization and command, scientific use of troops, rapid and efficient action and strict adherence to policies and regulations.

VI. Military security cooperation

China’s armed forces adhere to the security concept of common security, comprehensive security, cooperative security and sustainable security, develop military relations that are non-aligned, non-confrontational and not directed against third parties, promote the establishment of a fair and effective collective security mechanism and military mutual trust mechanism, actively expand the space for military security cooperation, and create a security environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country.

Develop all-round foreign military relations. Deepen the exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese and Russian armed forces under the framework of the comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between the two countries, gradually build a comprehensive, diversified and sustainable mechanism framework, and promote the development of relations between the two armed forces in a wider field and at a deeper level. We will build a new military relationship that is compatible with the relationship between China and the United States, strengthen dialogue, exchanges and cooperation in the field of defense, improve the mechanism of mutual notification of trust measures for major military operations and the code of conduct for the safety of sea and air encounters, and enhance mutual trust, prevent risks and control crises. Consolidate and develop military relations with neighboring countries in accordance with the neighboring diplomatic concept of sincerity and tolerance. Improve the level of military relations with European countries and develop traditional friendly military relations with African, Latin American and South Pacific countries. Deepen the defense and security cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, participate in multilateral dialogue and cooperation mechanisms such as the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Expansion Meeting, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the shangri-la dialogue Conference, the Jakarta International Defense Dialogue, and the Western Pacific Naval Forum, and hold multilateral activities such as the Xiangshan Forum to promote the establishment of a new security and cooperation framework conducive to peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.

Promote pragmatic military cooperation. On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, we will carry out pragmatic cooperation with the armed forces of all countries in the world. Adapt to changes in the situation, constantly explore new areas, new contents and new modes of cooperation, and jointly respond to various security threats and challenges. Conduct extensive dialogues and exchanges with foreign troops in the fields of defense policy, service and arms construction, college education, logistics construction, etc., enhance mutual understanding and mutual trust, and learn from each other. We will strengthen cooperation with the armed forces of relevant countries in personnel training, military material assistance, equipment technology and other fields, support each other, and improve their respective defense capabilities. We will carry out multi-level, multi-field and multi-service joint training, promote the expansion of training subjects from non-traditional security fields to traditional security fields, and improve the ability of joint action. Actively participate in international maritime security dialogue and cooperation, and persist in cooperation to deal with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats.

Fulfill international responsibilities and obligations. Participate in UN peacekeeping operations, fulfill the mandate of the Security Council, commit to peaceful settlement of conflicts, promote development and reconstruction, and safeguard regional peace and security. Actively participate in international disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, send professional rescue forces to disaster-stricken countries to rescue and reduce disasters, provide relief materials and medical assistance, strengthen international exchanges in rescue and reduction, and improve the ability and professionalism of carrying out tasks. Faithfully fulfill international obligations, continue to carry out escort operations in the Gulf of Aden and other sea areas as needed, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with multinational escort forces, and jointly safeguard the safety of international sea lanes. Participate extensively in regional and international security affairs, and promote the establishment of mechanisms such as emergency notification, military danger prevention, and crisis conflict control. With the continuous strengthening of national strength, China’s army will increase its participation in international peacekeeping and international humanitarian relief, undertake more international responsibilities and obligations within its capacity, provide more public safety products, and make greater contributions to maintaining world peace and promoting common development.

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, December 10 (Reporter Qiao Yeqiong) Today, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter and answer questions from reporters.

　　At the meeting, a reporter asked whether the flu vaccine should be continued if the flu-like symptoms have already appeared, but they have not been diagnosed and recovered by themselves. When should I be vaccinated?

　　In this regard, Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that if flu-like symptoms have already appeared, it is still recommended to continue to vaccinate against influenza after being diagnosed and recovering.

　　Xia Gang explained that, first, the symptoms of respiratory tract infection are not specific, and flu-like symptoms such as fever and headache may occur in various pathogenic infections. However, these symptoms are not necessarily caused by influenza virus, but also by other pathogens, the most common being the common cold. Second, there are many types and subtypes of influenza virus that can cause epidemic. For example, there are both A and B, and in A, there are both H1N1 subtype and H3N2 subtype. After being infected with a certain type or subtype, there may be the risk of being infected with other types or subtypes. Influenza vaccine is a multivalent vaccine covering many different types and subtypes, which are commonly used trivalent and tetravalent vaccines. If you are vaccinated after being infected with a certain type of influenza, which contains other types of influenza components, you can still play a role in preventing this type of influenza.

　　Xia Gang said that in addition, in the same epidemic season, different types and subtypes are usually prevalent together. For example, at present, influenza A (H3N2 subtype) is the main strain, followed by influenza B. In the past, there have been cases in which the dominant strains gradually changed from one type to another in the same epidemic season. Therefore, even if flu-like symptoms have appeared recently, it is recommended to get flu vaccine as soon as possible after recovery, especially for key groups such as the elderly. Vaccination can reduce infection and reduce the risk of severe illness and death.

　　Beijing Education Examinations Institute issued the Notice of Beijing Municipality on Further Strengthening and Improving the Enrollment of Art Majors in Colleges and Universities yesterday. In 2024, Beijing will fully implement the unified professional examinations for six art majors, including music, dance, performance, broadcasting and hosting, art and design, and calligraphy.

　　According to Beijing Education Examinations Institute, the city adheres to education-oriented, classified guidance, fairness and justice, further promotes classified examinations for different majors, and improves the quality of talent selection. By 2024, it will establish an enrollment system for college art majors based on the unified college entrance examination, with the unified professional examinations in the city as the main body, based on the cultural achievements of the college entrance examination, professional examination results, with reference to students’ comprehensive quality evaluation, classified examinations, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admissions, which will basically form a fair, scientific talent selection and strong supervision.

　　Art majors in colleges and universities implement the evaluation method of "cultural quality+professional ability"

　　In terms of improving the professional examination methods, the city has vigorously promoted the classified examination of art majors. The enrollment of art majors in colleges and universities adopts the examination evaluation method of "cultural quality+professional ability". The cultural quality uses the examination results of the college entrance examination and the professional ability uses the examination results of the artistic professional ability. The art professional ability examination includes the city-wide unified examination and the college examination, and the classified examination is implemented according to the requirements of selecting and cultivating different art professionals. The city’s unified examination is organized by Beijing Education Examinations Institute, and the college examinations are organized by relevant universities.

　　At the same time, the city will improve the city-wide unified examination system for art majors. According to the requirements of the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education, we will study and formulate the unified examination methods for art majors in the city, and by 2024, we will fully implement the unified professional examinations for six art majors, including music, dance, performance, broadcasting and hosting, art and design, and calligraphy. Improve grading methods, strengthen grading management, and enhance the discrimination of examinations to meet the needs of talent selection in colleges and universities of different levels and types.

　　The number of on-site school exams does not exceed 6-mdash of the enrollment plan of related majors; 8 times

　　In addition, the "Notice" also clearly stipulates that the scope and scale of school examinations should be strictly controlled. For the art enrollment majors that have been covered by the unified examination in this city, in principle, colleges and universities enrolling students in Beijing should directly adopt the results of the unified examination. For a few art colleges with distinctive professional characteristics and high quality of personnel training, and high-level art majors with high requirements for candidates’ artistic talent, professional skills or basic skills, they can apply for organizing school examinations on the basis of the city’s unified examinations according to procedures. Colleges and universities in Beijing that organize school examinations should actively take online examinations or use the results of provincial unified examinations for primary elections, and strictly control the number of on-site school examinations. In principle, it should not exceed 6-mdash of the enrollment plan of relevant majors; Eight times.

　　The "Notice" also mentioned that it is necessary to improve and perfect the selection mechanism for appraisers. Expand the selection scope of appraisers, establish and improve the information database of appraisers in art majors, and promote the co-construction and sharing inside and outside Beijing. Optimize the composition of examiners, gradually increase the number of examiners, and expand the proportion of off-campus personnel outside Beijing to more than half. Explore the gradual establishment of a declaration system for the special relationship between examiners and candidates in art professional examinations. All examiners and candidates who are guided, guided or have relatives and other interests within the specified time shall declare as required, and strictly implement the avoidance system.

　　From 2024, high-level art troupes in colleges and universities will no longer be selected from the enrollment process of colleges and universities.

　　In improving the enrollment mechanism, it is clear that we should improve the enrollment methods. Art majors that use the results of the city’s unified examination as their professional examination results should be admitted to parallel volunteer on the basis that both the scores of the college entrance examination and the unified examination have reached the minimum control score line for the admission of art majors in this city, and the proportion of the scores of the college entrance examination and the city’s unified examination is not less than 50% in principle. The art majors that organize the school examination will be selected according to the candidates’ school examination results on the basis that the candidates’ scores in the college entrance examination and cultural courses reach the minimum control scores for the batch admission of ordinary majors in this city, the results of the city’s unified examination are qualified and meet the minimum performance requirements set by the school.

　　Since 2024, art majors such as art history, drama, film and television literature in colleges and universities have been selected according to the results of the cultural courses in the college entrance examination and the comprehensive quality evaluation of candidates. Except for the art majors that organize school examinations, all art majors should arrange provincial enrollment plans. Since 2024, high-level art troupes in colleges and universities will no longer be selected from the enrollment process of colleges and universities, but will be selected and trained by relevant colleges and universities from the students.

　　Gradually improve the admission scores of cultural courses in college entrance examination for art majors.

　　It is also clear in the Notice that the requirements for cultural achievements should be gradually raised. According to the requirements for the selection and training of talents of different art majors, the minimum control scores for the admission of cultural courses in the college entrance examination of art majors should be classified and gradually improved (the requirements for dance majors and performance majors can be appropriately lowered), and the tendency of "emphasizing majors over culture" in the selection of talents of art majors in some colleges and universities should be gradually reversed. Colleges and universities that organize school examinations can formulate exceptional admission methods for the scores of cultural courses in the college entrance examination in accordance with relevant regulations for a very small number of candidates who have excellent professional examination results or outstanding talents and performances in related professional fields.

　　The "Notice" emphasizes strengthening the standardized governance of art education and training institutions, and severely cracking down on illegal activities such as training institutions organizing or participating in cheating in exams and interfering with the enrollment order of exams.

　　Text/reporter Wu Wenjuan

On the [car home Changsha Preferential Promotion Channel], we brought an exciting news: the high-profile luxury car-an unprecedented preferential activity is under way. As a car model deeply loved by consumers, at present, in Changsha, the maximum discount amount is as high as 60,000 yuan, and the minimum starting price has been adjusted to an attractive 189,900 yuan. This undoubtedly provides consumers in Changsha with an excellent opportunity to buy a car. Want to seize this rare preferential opportunity and experience the charm of FAW-Volkswagen CC as soon as possible? Please be sure to click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to get the latest and most favorable car purchase conditions.

FAW-Volkswagen CC is deeply impressed by its dynamic design. The front face adopts a family-style design, and the angular air intake grille and LED headlights complement each other, creating a strong visual impact. The overall body lines are smooth, elegance and strength coexist, showing the elegance of an advanced sports car.

FAW-Volkswagen CC creates an elegant and dynamic profile with its slender body size, specifically, the length of 4865mm, the width of 1870mm and the height of 1459mm, and the wheelbase of 2841mm. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1586mm and 1572mm respectively, which ensures good driving stability. Its tyre size is 245/45 R18, and the matching of tire and rim shows its athletic performance and exquisite feeling. On the whole, the side lines of FAW-Volkswagen CC are smooth and powerful, providing excellent visual enjoyment for drivers and passengers.

The interior design of FAW-Volkswagen CC focuses on luxury and technology, and adopts an exquisite leather steering wheel, which provides manual up and down+front and rear adjustment functions to ensure the comfort and convenience of drivers. The 9.2-inch central control screen stands in the center of the instrument panel, equipped with advanced voice recognition control system, which supports multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning operations. The seat is made of leather /Alcantara, which is comfortable and rich in texture. The main and auxiliary seats are equipped with front and rear, backrest, height adjustment and lumbar support functions, and the main seat also provides additional heating function. At the same time, the car is equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, with three in the front row and two in the back row to meet the multimedia needs and charging needs of passengers.

For FAW-Volkswagen CC, its 2.0T engine can output the maximum power of 137 kW and the maximum torque reaches 320 Nm. This engine is equipped with 186 horsepower and 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, which provides drivers with strong power performance and smooth driving experience.

To sum up, car home car owners are full of enthusiasm and satisfaction with the evaluation of FAW-Volkswagen CC. He particularly emphasized the dynamic performance of the vehicle, saying that the power surge in Sport mode met his driving needs. In terms of appearance, he is obsessed with the unique sliding back body and borderless door, which makes him feel proud every time he opens the door. Such praise has undoubtedly added more charm and attraction to FAW-Volkswagen CC, making it an ideal car integrating power and aesthetics.

　　The appearance of 22 executive cars is sharp and sharp, and all of them show unparalleled leadership temperament. The coordination and design of headlights, bumpers and aluminum decorative parts make tough straight lines glow the whole body.

　　22 Range Rover Executive 3.0 Gasoline P400 Plus Edition Color: Black/Black 1.268 million

　　Configuration: HSE, all-in-one black, visual aid, head-up display, driver’s aid package, 360-ring car image, radar ranging, 825W audio, front seat massage, front and rear seat ventilation and heating, four-wheel drive air conditioning, air purification, refrigerator, second-generation terrain feedback, windshield heating, 22-inch diamond wheel hub, black piano wood interior, mahogany steering wheel and trailer package.

　　The overall interior of 22 Land Rover Range Rover Executive 3.0T gasoline is close to the direction of "luxury", which combines the characteristics of SUV and the essence of luxury car. Everything that can be touched and touched in the car reflects Land Rover’s perfect pursuit of details, and the personalized interior design echoes the appearance, which makes the body exude a confident, calm and poised king temperament.

　　The rear row of the 2 Land Rover Range Rover Executive 3.0T gasoline is basically unchanged, with ample seating space and no problem for four adults at the same time. The whole vehicle seat is wrapped in top-grade leather, but instead of using high-grade Oxford perforated leather like the old one, it is replaced with perforated Windsor leather, adopting a new seat style, and the whole interior will bring you a brand-new feeling, and the padding is also sufficient, so the seat is very comfortable and supportive.

　　The 22 Land Rover Range Rover Executive Edition is equipped with a V6 3.0T engine with 400 horsepower L6 and an 8-speed automatic manual transmission. The body size is 5020*2073*1868mm, the maximum speed is 225, the acceleration per 100 kilometers is 6.5s, the comprehensive fuel consumption is 8.8L, the wheelbase is 3120mm, the fuel tank volume is 104L, the maximum power is 294, and the maximum power speed is 5500-6500.

　　Our company promises: We won’t make the lowest price in the market, the lowest price is not guaranteed, the highest price is not guaranteed, and the highest price is unfeeling. We only earn what we should earn, pay what we should, do things seriously, and win-win cooperation. If we cooperate with you, we can’t guarantee that you will spend the least money. I can guarantee that you will save the greatest heart and get the situation of quality, efficiency, interests and win-win. We look forward to the cooperation of every new and old customer! Serve with your heart and pass on trust! I am willing to cooperate with you for a long time!

　　Cao Yi’s telephone number is 15122436666 with WeChat.

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

1905 movie network news On the evening of July 6, the film premiered in Beijing. The director, director, and other creators interacted with the audience through an online meeting. The heroine, Ah Sa, also appeared in the previous live broadcast.

The story of "Detective Wars" revolves around Liu Qingyun’s role as "Detective Crazy". In serial murders, preview murders and other incidents, he and the "Detective Couple" composed of Ah Sa and Lin Wei engage in fierce confrontations.

The plot of the film is ups and downs and confusing, and Liu Qingyun also exchanged notes of "I am a madman" and "I am a detective" to "confuse" the audience at the scene. When it comes to the shooting of "Detective War", he bluntly said that many scenes were very impressive, but the most memorable is the war at the end. He has been tearing this important scene before shooting, and it is very difficult to complete how to control the emotions and how to bring them in. It seems that the acting skills of "Crazy Guy" are also a great test for Liu Qingyun.

Ah Sa, who is on vacation, also helped out for the new film "Detective War" through live broadcast. Gillian, who is on vacation together, also appeared in surprise to play Call for the film. Joey Yung also actively confessed to her idol Liu Qingyun, revealing that she has been a fan of Wei Jiahui and Liu Qingyun since "The Big Times". "When I debuted, I also wrote that Liu Qingyun was my idol, Prince Charming."

On July 8, "Detective War" will be officially released. As a crime suspense film, director Wei Jiahui also hopes that everyone will not spoiler and walk into the theater to experience this exciting story together.

In the [Autohome Beijing Discount Promotion Channel], this much-watched SUV model is ushering in a strong promotion. At present, the car series is attracting buyers with a maximum discount of 30,000, and the minimum starting price has been adjusted to 209,800 yuan. This undoubtedly provides consumers in Beijing with a very competitive car purchase opportunity. For more details or to get higher discounts, just click the quotation form below to check the latest car pickup price in real time and seize this rare car purchase opportunity.

The exterior design of the Beijing BJ60 draws on the essence of classic and modern. The front face part adopts a tough and atmospheric shape, and the large air intake grille adopts a family-style polygonal design. With a wide front bumper, it shows a strong sense of visual impact. The overall style combines off-road and urban elements, with smooth and muscular lines, highlighting the hard-edged temperament and practicality of the BJ60 as an SUV.

The side lines of the Beijing BJ60 are smooth and powerful, the body size is quite atmospheric, the length, width and height are 5040mm*1955mm*1925mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2820mm. The front wheelbase is 1620mm and the rear wheelbase is 1640mm, which ensures good stability. The double 18-inch wheel design, with 265/65 R18 size tires, not only enhances the visual impact of the vehicle, but also provides good grip and comfort for driving. Overall, the side design of the Beijing BJ60 highlights its hard-nosed off-road style, while balancing practicality and aesthetics.

The interior design of the Beijing BJ60 combines attention to detail with a sense of luxury. It uses delicate leather materials to create a steering wheel, providing a good grip and handling experience. The 12.8-inch central control screen stands in the center of the cockpit, with a clear interface and advanced automatic speech recognition control system, which is convenient for the driver to easily operate multimedia functions. As for the seat, the main driver’s seat supports multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest, height, leg rest and waist support, and is equipped with heating, ventilation and massage functions to enhance the ride comfort. The passenger seat also has a number of adjustment options, and the driver’s seat also has a power seat memory function, providing passengers with a personalized ride experience.

The Beijing BJ60 is equipped with a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 120 kilowatts, providing 163 horsepower output, and its torque performance is also quite strong, reaching 400 Nm. This engine, combined with an 8-speed automatic transmission, not only ensures a smooth driving experience, but also brings efficient performance.

In the feedback from Autohome owners, the interior design of the Beijing BJ60 undoubtedly adds a sense of warmth and luxury to family life, and the lighting of the ambient light at night has won the car owners’ deep love. The elegant interior materials and the comfort of the seats are impressive. Whether it is the thickness of the seat or the heating function, it has been highly praised by the car owners. The air conditioning performance is also excellent, and it can respond quickly to both cooling and heating to meet various climate needs. Although the legroom in the second row is slightly compact, overall, the car owners are very satisfied with the comfort of the Beijing BJ60 and the effect of the interior ambient light, and think it is particularly charming and impressive at night.

　　　
In the 007 movie series, Bond came to the rescue by remote control of his car through his mobile phone, which seemed a bit unbelievable. Now, in addition to iPhone and Volkswagen, Android and Ford are also working on a similar cooperation, and it is expected to launch a new feature Sync that can control the car through Android next year.
Applink.

　　　 Google Navigation

　　Before the launch of Android, Google fans were eagerly anticipating the Google phone, reasoning that it could integrate many Google star products, the most trusted of which was Google.
Earth. Google Navigation for Android
Backed by Earth with perfect precision, this is a free GPS map updated frequently – if you don’t believe it, open Google
Earth looks for its own balcony. But compared to a standalone GPS device, it may stall when downloading new maps – when the network is not ideal.
　　Google Maps for Android now also adds bike navigation, highlighting bike-only roads, roads with bike lanes, and roads suitable for bicycles but without bike lanes. Bike navigation is currently available on Google Maps around the world, but only in the United States for the time being. In addition, the newly added "Share this location" function allows users to share location information through Buzz, Facebook or Twitter. It would be perfect if Google Navigator could also be paired with the gentle and sweet female voice of a normal GPS.

　　Car Home Voice Search

　　Most new Android phones on the market now come with optional accessories. If you choose the official phone rack, you can automatically start Android Car.
Home interface. The interface is very simple, with "Navigation", "Phone", "Voice Search", "Contacts", "Music", and "Exit Car".
Home "Six large icons. Of course, even the large icons that can be pressed at a glance are not safe enough to operate while driving, so Car
The real highlight of the Home is the voice search feature, which is more intelligent than a regular phone and can identify what the user means as accurately as possible. For example, when you say "find the nearest gas station", you will see all the gas stations around you on the map.

　　Drive Safe.ly read text messages

　　DriveSafe.ly is also an amazing smart gadget. It will read the text message to you, and even if the phone is running Google Navigation, this tool will read the text message aloud – of course, if the text message content involves secrets, it is only suitable for driving alone. When the driver plugs the phone into the car phone holder or puts on a Bluetooth headset, the DriveSafe.ly can automatically start. In addition, DriveSafe.ly can also read E-Mail aloud, but the user must turn on this function first. Its pronunciation is easier to understand than we thought. What’s more powerful is that you can also use it to send automatic reply messages.

　　Car Locator Car Locator

　　It comes in handy when you walk to a parking lot and you can’t find your car. After parking, just use the app to lock in the location, it will record it, and when you come back, the program will display a radar chart, a map and an arrow to guide you to your car. car
The Locator also comes with a meter that calculates the parking fee based on the length of time the car is parked.

　　Electronic co-pilot navigation

　　CoPilot
Live is a very famous foreign navigation software, because many foreign navigation software does not have Chinese maps, so CoPilot needs to be mentioned. This software is very powerful, in addition to the commonly used map navigation, there are real-time weather, night mode (which is really a blessing for night blind drivers), traffic restrictions, etc. The map itself is also detailed and exquisite, even in small villages and towns.

　　Mobile phone remote control car

　　In the 007 movie series, Bond came to the rescue by remote control of his car through his mobile phone, which seemed a bit unbelievable. Now, in addition to iPhone and Volkswagen, Android and Ford are also working on a similar cooperation, and it is expected to launch a new feature Sync that can control the car through Android next year.
Applink. It allows drivers to control Android and BlackBerry phones through the car’s parts or voice system, freeing up their hands. Currently, Ford has completed beta testing. In addition to Sync
Among other new apps, one called Pandora lets you control an Android phone from the voice system inside the car to rate and even rename songs that are playing – entertaining.

　　Driver’s Secret

　　If you think many applications are not localized enough, many domestic mobile phone program developers have also written a lot of programs based on the actual traffic conditions in China to choose from. For example, Driver’s Secret – this software includes common functions such as national traffic violation inquiry, car wash index and daily travel limit reminder for car owners, which can truly check national traffic violations for free, and the coverage area has been reduced to second-tier cities.

　　The drastic changes and interest pattern adjustment brought by the new economy are fully reflected in the field of online car rental. On the one hand, the platform and networking characteristics of the new economy expand the scope and depth of the impact of contradictions. On the other hand, the new policy of online car rental involves a wide range, and the interest game increases the difficulty of landing the new policy.

　　The reporter of the Economic Information Daily learned that the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Booking of Taxi Operating Services has been implemented for more than half a year, and the implementation rules of many local governments have not yet been issued. Some cities that have issued rules but have higher thresholds are facing "landing difficulties".

　　Many people in the industry and experts suggest that we should be fully aware of the pulling effect of the sharing economy represented by the online car ride on social employment and the revolutionary role of the social management model, and suggest using the "subtraction" of power in exchange for the "multiplication" of market vitality.

　　Some cities’ new policies about car network are "difficult to land"

　　The reporter learned that as of April 24, 2017, 85 cities have issued detailed rules for the implementation of the network car, 115 cities have completed soliciting opinions, and more than 100 cities have not yet completed soliciting opinions.

　　In some areas where the New Deal has been introduced, the policy landing still faces a game situation. The reporter learned that there are two main focuses of the game between policy requirements and platform interests: first, whether to implement household registration, vehicles, wheelbase and other requirements; The second is to what extent the operational data accessing the supervision platform needs to be reached and what content it contains.

　　In the actual operation process, some cities have imposed many restrictions on drivers’ household registration and vehicle price wheelbase, taking into account the local taxi market capacity and the strategic needs of urban development. Some platforms have found that the implementation of the New Deal in cities with higher thresholds will reduce the network car capacity by more than 90%, which is a heavy blow to the platform.

　　At the same time, the platform-based characteristics of the online car-sharing platform have broken the tradition of "the company is local" in the past. If the online car-sharing platform does not set up a local subsidiary, the local management department may not find a communication partner during supervision, which aggravates the difficulty of solving the problem.

　　On the other hand, the new economy, represented by the online car-hailing platform, quickly seized market share through subsidies and financing, but this fast pace had a great impact on the balance pattern of the traditional taxi industry in a short time. At the same time, in some higher threshold areas, it has also caused a greater "crowding out effect" on the network car drivers. These factors have led to constant friction between cruise car drivers and network car drivers in some places.

　　The new policy of network car has a wide range of influence groups. According to Didi’s travel statistics, as of February 2017, the total number of drivers registered on Didi platform reached more than 17.5 million. There are 2 million active drivers on Didi Platform, and the per capita daily income exceeds that of 160 yuan, while the total number of taxi drivers in cities across the country has reached 2 million. At the same time, there are thousands of software and algorithm engineer behind Didi.

　　The parties have different reactions to the new policy of online car.

　　The reporter learned that the situation of the New Deal landing across the country varies widely, and the views of all parties on the network car industry have also wavered.

　　In some places, the implementation period of the New Deal has passed, but the non-compliant network car is still in operation. The driver of the cruise car doesn’t know whether to stay at his job, and the driver of the network car doesn’t know whether to change careers.

　　According to the statistics of the Transportation Bureau of Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications, after the appearance of the network car, the income of cruise car drivers dropped from about 6,500 yuan in 2013 to about 4,500 yuan in the first half of 2016. From 2014 to 2016, the driver team lost nearly 10,000 people. However, taxi operation has improved recently.

　　A Didi executive, who asked not to be named, said that after the introduction of the New Deal, Didi’s car business also experienced a sharp decline, and drivers were losing a lot.

　　At the same time, passengers’ choice of online car has also wavered. According to reports, before the Spring Festival in 2017, the average number of taxi calls per day of passengers in some big cities soared from more than 300,000 to 900,000, and the response rate of taxis on the Didi platform was only 40%. In addition, after the New Deal gradually landed, the capacity of Didi Express bus decreased, and the response rate dropped from 90% in October 2016 to about 50% in March 2017, which greatly reduced the travel experience of passengers.

　　The capital market has also begun to hesitate and "can’t figure out" the market prospect of the online car platform. Due to the impact of the New Deal on the market, the market valuation of many online car platform companies has declined, which has also affected the layout of enterprises at home and abroad. Some insiders said that the upsurge of domestic venture capital in sharing the economy such as online car rental has subsided.

　　The New Deal is hard to reflect management anxiety.

　　The Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Booking Taxi Management Service has been implemented for more than half a year, but the detailed rules for implementation in many places have not yet been promulgated.

　　The demand for online car is different from place to place. Some places think that cities should give priority to the development of public transport, and the online car ride is only a supplement, and it should be more "high-end" than cruise taxis. Therefore, set a higher model, price, displacement and wheelbase threshold for the network car. There are also some places that hope that the network car will take into account the high, medium and low-end needs. For example, Haikou cancels the restrictions on the displacement of the network car, while Lijiang and Hanzhong choose to connect the cruise taxis to the network car platform as a whole.

　　Wei Dong, CEO of the First Automobile Car Company, said that road traffic congestion in first-tier cities in China is serious, and it is reasonable for local management departments to choose to raise the threshold for online car rental. However, the taxi market in second-and third-tier cities is not saturated, so the policy of online car rental can be relaxed.

　　As for whether the number of taxis should be controlled. A grassroots cadre said that the Ministry of Construction issued the Code for Planning and Design of Urban Road Traffic in 1995, which stipulated that the number of taxis in big cities should be 20 per 10,000 people and 15 in small and medium-sized cities, which became the standard for calculating and controlling the number of taxis in most cities.

　　However, there are also views that this standard has not changed for many years, and the network car is not the main cause of road traffic congestion, and the quantity control should be released in due course. The Research Group of Professor Yan Xuedong of Beijing Jiaotong University released the Analysis Report on Beijing Road Traffic Operation Based on Didi Big Data in October 2016, which holds that the network car uses economic laws as a lever to adjust the supply and demand of the traffic market, and information symmetry as the core to match the demand, which helps to reduce the empty driving rate of vehicles.

　　Interest game increases the difficulty of landing the New Deal. In many places, the development of online car rental has caused the price of taxi licenses to shrink, and some taxi drivers and agents who speculate on licenses have been seriously damaged. For example, in some cities, taxi licenses have increased from 200,000 yuan to 800,000 yuan in the past, and have been reduced to 400,000 yuan due to the competition of online car rental.

　　Some people in the industry said that the formulation of the local version of the new network car deal faces multiple interests considerations. Before the reform of taxi industry, drivers had a license for life, which made them lack the motivation to improve their services. However, if the local taxi companies are accelerated to withdraw by means of license depreciation and redemption, these companies may find it difficult to accept.

　　The law enforcement of the network car has also caused administrative reconsideration in various places. An executive of a car rental company in Nanjing said that private cars in Nanjing were converted into operating vehicles, and the passenger management office of the Transportation Bureau allowed it when accessing the platform, but the vehicle management office of the Public Security Bureau failed the annual inspection. It is difficult for many private cars to access the network car platform.

　　An official of Kunshan Municipal Transportation Bureau said that some platforms openly resisted the law, not only encouraging vehicles punished in Kunshan to file administrative reconsideration, but also reimbursing fines. Some local transportation management departments frequently receive administrative reconsideration of the network car, and basically can’t do other things.

　　Xu Kangming, an expert on taxi reform, believes that after the release of the local New Deal, measures should be taken to let illegal personnel and vehicles withdraw, otherwise it will destroy the fair market environment. On the one hand, cruise taxi companies can’t expand their scale, on the other hand, law-abiding online car companies will pay a great price.

　　Caring for the "source of vitality" of the sharing economy

　　Some interviewed experts believe that we should be fully aware of the pulling effect of the sharing economy represented by the online car ride on social employment and the revolutionary role of the social management model, and suggest using the "subtraction" of power in exchange for the "multiplication" of market vitality.

　　In-depth research network car companies, scientific evaluation. The sharing economy, represented by the online car ride, poses a new challenge to the urban traffic management model. Behind the transformation of the kinetic energy of the old and new economies is the differentiation of the benefit groups of the old and new economies. The insiders believe that the beneficiary groups in the old economy are relatively concentrated and highly organized, but the beneficiary groups in the new economy are more extensive and their voices are more dispersed. Therefore, we should consider the affordability of the old economic benefit groups and the extensiveness of the new economic benefit groups in policy formulation.

　　There is strong capital support behind the rise of platform economies such as Didi, Ali and Tencent, which has also benefited many people. Moreover, the credit economy, platformization and big data management may give birth to new technologies such as intelligent transportation, driverless driving and car networking, which are the trend of future economic and social development and the important support for the government to build new management functions, and should be treated with a more open mind.

　　An executive of Didi said that although the "zombie car" of Didi Platform is not easy to manage, it indicates that the surplus capacity of social vehicles can be fully released when the urban capacity is tight. Cheng Wei, founder and CEO of Didi Chuxing, said that it is a great opportunity for China to transform its traditional industrial industries with Internet thinking if it wants to overtake western industrial powers in corners.

　　On the one hand, formulate a relatively scientific withdrawal and compensation mechanism to alleviate the anxiety of social groups in transition. During the transition period of the New Deal, many full-time online car drivers may lose their jobs. It is suggested that relevant policy explanations and guidance should be carried out in a targeted manner to attract them to work part-time on platforms such as car rental companies.

　　On the other hand, scientifically foresee the challenges that part-time taxis may bring. The sharing economy model may bring drivers a wider range of part-time jobs, which will increase the difficulty of management and may also impact the average income level of the taxi industry. Car rental companies can be encouraged to increase their own vehicles to cope with the ebb and flow of Internet supply, and monitor and evaluate the average income of the taxi industry, so as to scientifically guide the development of the industry.