There are 96 buildings with 11,000 residents and a total population of nearly 50,000. This is the largest community in Shanghai’s inner ring, COSCO Bay City. Because the lawsuit against the "predecessor" property won, it once again became the focus.

　　The judgment part of the judgment is provided by the interviewee.

　　The first-instance judgment made by Shanghai Putuo District People’s Court (hereinafter referred to as "Putuo District Court") on January 31 showed that the plaintiff in this case was the third owners’ committee of the community (hereinafter referred to as "the third industry committee") and the defendant was Shanghai COSCO Property Management Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "COSCO Property"), and the cause of the case was a property service contract dispute. The court ruled that the defendant COSCO Property should return the costs and expenses that should not be borne by the owners, totaling 40 million yuan.

　　The Putuo District Court, which heard the case, revealed that the judgment of the first instance has not yet come into effect. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the judgment, he can submit an appeal to the Shanghai No.2 Intermediate People’s Court within 15 days from the date of service of the judgment.

　　On the evening of February 7, the reporter called COSCO Property, and the staff of the other party said: The case is currently handled by an entrusted lawyer. There is no answer as to whether an appeal will be filed.

　　Cosco Property has served the community for nearly 20 years. Where does the contradiction with the industry committee come from? Why was he sentenced to return 40 million? What did the industry Committee experience in the process of prosecution and proof?

　　The Paper reporter interviewed this, looking back on years of disputes between the two sides.

　　The third industry Committee "pulled down" the property for 20 years

　　As a super-large community, Cosco Bay City, located on the Suzhou River, has a history of more than 20 years.

　　In 1998, the renovation of the old area of "two bays and one residence", the largest shanty town in the central city of Shanghai, was started, and the project was named "COSCO Two Bay City". The residential area was officially started in 1999, and it was built in four phases, and was fully completed in 2006. Cosco Property provided services for the community from September 1, 2001 and terminated its services on January 31, 2021.

　　Cosco Bay City. Source: Shanghai Putuo WeChat WeChat official account

　　Han Deyou still remembers that he moved to the Bay City of COSCO in 2001, which was regarded as the earliest generation of residents. "At first, it felt very good to move here, with a good environment and convenient transportation, but as time went on, the environment of the residential area was getting worse year by year, and there was no problem before 2008. But in the following years, the roads in the residential area were potholes, which were never dealt with. The shrubs in the residential area died and the lights were dim at night, making it easy for the elderly.

　　Up to now, three industry committees have been born in COSCO Bay City. Before the birth of the third industry Committee in December 2019, there was once an "empty window period" of nearly two years.

　　"The community once held an interim owners’ meeting to express their dissatisfaction with the property, and also removed the second industry Committee, mainly because they felt that their supervision and management of the property was not in place." On February 7th, Han Deyou, director of the third industry committee of COSCO Liangwan City, told the The Paper reporter.

　　In the judgment of this case, the third industry committee, as the plaintiff, claimed that there was a kinship between the head of the second industry committee and the head of COSCO Property. The owners lack recognition of the second industry committee. Moreover, the statistical data of the second session of the Industry Committee was not recognized by the third session of the Industry Committee, and the owners tried many times to hire another property without success.

　　The reporter looked up China Judgment Document Network and official website of Shanghai Higher People’s Court and found that disputes between the owners of COSCO Bay City and COSCO Property occurred from time to time. Among the public cases, there are property service contract disputes and parking space disputes brought by owners against COSCO Property. In the verdict, some owners won the case and some properties won the case.

　　According to the survey data, Shanghai COSCO Property Management Development Co., Ltd. was established in 2000 with a registered capital of 10 million RMB, which is an enterprise mainly engaged in the real estate industry. Among them, the enterprise has 793 pieces of risk information, and it is also found that the enterprise has 228 pieces of legal proceedings; There are 266 litigation relationships, 275 court opening announcements and 67 filing information. In the 275 court opening announcements, the causes of action are mostly contract disputes, property service contract disputes and construction contract disputes.

　　On October 15, 2020, the third industry committee decided to re-employ a new property service enterprise at the owners’ meeting, and then sent a notice letter to COSCO Property, informing both parties that the property service contract signed by both parties was terminated on January 15, 2021.

　　This move caused opposition from COSCO Property, and brought the industry committee to court. The Putuo District Court filed a case on January 11, 2021 and tried it according to law.

　　Cosco Property believes that this behavior of the Cosco Bay City Industry Committee violates the voting procedures stipulated by the laws of the relevant owners’ meeting, infringes on the legitimate rights of Cosco Property, and deprives Cosco Property of the opportunity to continue to serve the majority of owners, and should be revoked.

　　On March 4, 2021, the Putuo District Court made a civil ruling: the plaintiff Shanghai COSCO Property Management Development Co., Ltd. was dismissed.

　　The court held that after the establishment of the owners’ congress, the owners’ congress may select new property service enterprises or other managers according to the prescribed procedures. The decision made by the owners’ congress to select and employ the realty service enterprise belongs to the internal autonomy of the community owners, and the non-community owners of the realty service enterprise in the early stage have no right to raise objections to the matters belonging to the internal autonomy of the community and confirm them as invalid or request for cancellation.

　　Since then, Vanke Property, which was re-selected by the industry committee, began to provide services for the community, and COSCO Property officially left.

　　Audit differences between the industry Committee and the property

　　Before the departure of COSCO Property, the owner has started the audit.

　　"COSCO Property has provided property services for our community for nearly 20 years, and the owners are extremely dissatisfied with its service attitude. The first and second industry committees have audited the property and found that there are many questions." Han Deyou told The Paper that some expenses, such as fire fighting system and equipment, weak current system and equipment, lightning protection facilities, etc., are not included in the property management fees according to the contract, but are included in the property management fees.

　　Han Deyou said, is the public revenue sharing of the community clear? How many ground parking lots have been newly planned before, and what are the benefits? What is the advertising revenue? What expenses that do not need to be borne by the owner are included in the property fee? These problems are of great concern to the owners.

　　Aerial photography of Cosco Bay City. Vision china diagram

　　The court found that during the period from September 28 to October 14, 2020, the owners of the community held a meeting of owners to vote, and one of the voting items was "to conduct a full audit of the public income, the real settlement of property management fees and the use of maintenance funds over the years".

　　As a result of voting, the proportion of agreed voting rights is 96.41%, and the proportion of exclusive area is 96.67%. The owners’ meeting made a resolution to pass the authorization accordingly. That is, the Industry Committee is authorized to entrust a qualified audit unit to conduct a special audit on the income and expenditure and use of the special maintenance funds, public income and property management fees of the community from September 2001 to August 2020, and the audit work will be completed through judicial channels if necessary.

　　Han Deyou said that at first, the industry committee sent a letter to inform COSCO Property to cooperate with the audit, but after many times of communication, the other party delayed the audit process for various reasons. In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all owners in the community, on February 22, 2021, the third industry committee submitted a complaint to the Putuo District Court. On March 1 of the same year, the court accepted the case and entrusted a third-party agency to carry out the audit. However, because COSCO Property did not provide relevant information, the progress was slow.

　　Han Deyou recalled that the property initially promised to cooperate with the judicial audit, but later refused to provide the necessary information, which led to the failure of the audit. Afterwards, the industry committee withdrew the audit application and added and changed the original application on the basis of the existing evidence.

　　What are the differences between the original and the defendant in the audit?

　　The judgment revealed that in 2008, 2014 and 2015-2020, other audit institutions had issued relevant reports. The third industry committee believes that only the audit report commissioned by the first industry committee has been approved, and the settlement of residential property management fees, the use of maintenance funds and the income and expenditure of public income should be audited during most of the period from September 2001 to August 2020.

　　COSCO Property said that it agreed to cooperate with the industry committee to do the annual audit work during its term of office, but the public income and actual settlement in some periods that have been audited by the second industry committee and approved by the industry committee should not be included in the audit scope again.

　　Han Deyou admits that the litigation target of the industry Committee is 60 million, and the whole case is very difficult to prove. On the one hand, computer system management was not used in the past, so it is difficult to trace a lot of data. On the other hand, the property management company said that the industry committee can only audit the data of its term of office, and the property management company conducts audits every year and publicizes the audit reports in the community. The industry committee has never expressed different opinions on these reports, and the two sides have repeatedly communicated without results.

　　The court held that since the Industry Committee and COSCO Property failed to reach an agreement on the settlement standard and method of revenue and expenditure, they should provide evidence for their views separately, and a professional third party agency should intervene in the audit when necessary. However, the evidence provided by both parties and the explanation of the evidence at present cannot fully confirm our views on expense settlement. In this case, the court will consider the legal and reasonable part of the case and the evidence provided by the parties, and then consider the balance amount that the defendant should pay with reference to the plaintiff’s calculation method of various expenses.

　　The court further pointed out that COSCO Property refused the judicial audit without justifiable reasons and did not put forward targeted defense opinions on the plaintiff’s changed claim, and the adverse consequences and litigation risks arising therefrom should be borne by it. At the same time, it can be seen that the community involved is quite large, and the huge benefits involved in the settlement of property service fees are obvious. Both the plaintiff and the defendant should have foreseen the high risk in settlement once the dispute is formed after years of accumulated contradictions, but failed to correct mistakes, pursue responsibilities and safeguard rights in time during the cooperation period of 20 years until the termination of the contractual relationship, resulting in irrecoverable relevant facts and lack of indirect or direct evidence, which is unfavorable to their own rights and interests in the settlement process, and the parties shall also bear the responsibilities themselves. For this reason, the plaintiff’s claim for compensation for arrears of interest from the defendant is not supported.

　　On January 31, 2023, the judgment of the first instance showed that the defendant Shanghai COSCO Property Management Development Co., Ltd. should return 40 million yuan to the plaintiff’s third industry committee.

　　This includes: from September 1, 2001 to February 1, 2021, the balance of the real settlement of property management fees and the costs and expenses that should not be borne by the owners without authorization are RMB 15 million; During the period from September 1, 2001 to February 1, 2021, the parking management fee of underground garage was charged to the cost and expenses that should not be borne by the owner according to the balance of the actual settlement. During the period from 2008 to February 1, 2021, the balance of the public income of the community divided by the owners and the costs and expenses that should not be borne by the owners without authorization were RMB 20 million; During the period from September 1, 2001 to February 1, 2021, the balance of the income of newly marked parking spaces in underground garages was RMB 2.5 million.

　　In this regard, the reporter interviewed Vanke Property, which currently serves the community. The staff said: it is not convenient to evaluate the original property, and the money that may be returned to the owner in the final judgment in the future will be completely decided by the industry Committee, which has nothing to do with Vanke Property.

　　At present, the first-instance judgment has not yet taken effect.

　　On the evening of February 7, the reporter called COSCO Property, and the staff of the other party said: The case is currently handled by an entrusted lawyer. There is no answer as to whether an appeal will be filed. The Paper will continue to pay attention to the follow-up development of this case.

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the red warning signal of Blizzard was released by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory at 07: 30 on November 6, 2023: within 6 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 15 mm in some areas in the east-southeast of Chifeng City, southwest of Tongliao City and west of central China, which may have a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry. Please prepare for the relevant units and personnel.

Defense guide:

1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in emergency and rescue work against snow disaster and freezing injury;

2. If necessary, suspend classes or business (except for special industries);

3. When necessary, the aircraft will be suspended from taking off and landing, the train will be suspended, and the expressway will be temporarily closed;

4. Do a good job in disaster relief work in pastoral areas.

In addition, the Meteorological Observatory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region issued a yellow warning signal for road icing at 07: 11 on November 6, 2023: due to the impact of snowfall, it is expected that there may be road icing in the southeast of Alashan League, the east of Bayannaoer City, most of Baotou City, the north of Hohhot City, Wulanchabu City, most of Xilin Gol League, Chifeng City, Tongliao City and most of Xing ‘an League in the next 12 hours. Please prepare for the relevant units and personnel.

Defense guide:

1. Traffic, public security and other departments should prepare for road icing according to their duties;

2. Drivers should pay attention to road conditions and drive safely;

3. Pedestrians should ride bicycles as little as possible when going out, and pay attention to anti-skid.

Original yuki & Luqi ‘an Chihuo Institute

Mala Tang, a well-known snack, occupies a place in many people’s hearts. Northeast Mala Tang, Sichuan-Chongqing Mala Tang … Different factions of Mala Tang have their own characteristics and fans, just like fairy fights.

And the hottest mala Tang recently, but also the number of Gansu mala Tang. On the internet, it’s like a dark horse that suddenly comes out, and everyone is in a hurry. Gansu people just want to say: Gansu mala Tang has finally been seen by everyone!

Gansu hot spicy dip yi yi pai she

Gansu people who are away from home, the first thing to do when they go home is not to eat beef noodles, but to eat malatang. Because beef noodles can be eaten anywhere, but Gansu mala Tang can only be eaten when you return to Gansu.

Gansu hot spicy dip and spicy rice noodles.

01

Gansu hot spicy dip

/Potato flour and oil chili pepper is the soul/

In the world of spicy food in Gansu, there are two indispensable elements-potato flour and pepper fragrance. The two are integrated with each other to create a unique Gansu mala Tang.

Gansu hot spicy dip yi yi pai she

Gansu is rich in potatoes, among which Dingxi is the most famous potato.

The potato produced in Dingxi is Huang Cancan and round, which is called a golden and bright potato. It is also known as "the golden pimple in the yellow land". Moreover, Dingxi potato has high starch content, sufficient viscosity and good fusion. It can be used only with potatoes and water, and it is not suitable for processing into powder.

The potato powder made of Dingxi potatoes is naturally milky white, and it will not muddy the soup after being cooked for a long time, and the entrance is smooth and strong, so you can feel the full chewiness between chewing. The most commendable thing is the juice-hanging ability of this kind of powder. Before eating, soak it in the soup, soak up the fresh and fragrant soup in mala Tang, and then wrap it in chili pepper. It is really "spicy, smooth, strong, thorough, fragrant and refreshing".

On the right is a shot of fine potato powder.

Just like Lanzhou beef noodles have two fine, capillary and leek leaves, Gansu potato powder can also be divided into fine powder, leek leaf powder and large width, which fully considers the needs of diners.

Big width powder picture from the idea of the worm.

Moreover, in the Mala Tang restaurant in Gansu, you can order a spicy powder, pick up a piece of powder and eat it. The fragrance is confused!

Spicy rice noodles, sizzling and shooting

In the seasoning of Gansu Mala Tang, pepper is an indispensable part.

When I first saw Gansu Mala Tang, I was often shocked by the red chili pepper in the bowl. After I tasted it, I found that Gansu Mala Tang was very red, but it was fragrant, and it was the kind of spicy that slowly poured into the taste buds.

Hongtongtong’s Hot Spicy Dip Yiyiyipai

People in the northwest like spicy food, and each family has its own formula of paste pepper.

Grinding different varieties of dried peppers into flour, adding a proper amount of spiced powder, salt, sugar, white sesame seeds, etc., and finally just pouring hot oil, the fragrance locked in red chili pepper can be stimulated to the extreme, and the pepper is full of fragrance, and the spicy taste is strong without losing the sense of hierarchy, and the taste buds can be grasped instantly, which makes people unforgettable.

Gansu hot spicy dip yi yi pai she

There is no milk, sesame sauce or sugar in the soup base of Gansu Mala Tang. Only broth or bone soup is used. After a long period of boiling, supplemented by various seasonings, the soup base is clean and not muddy, and it pays attention to a "non-sticky mouth".

Shooting the soup of boiling hot spicy dip.

The most irresistible thing is the preparation of small ingredients for Gansu Mala Tang.

Fried peanuts and pickled mustard tuber are accompanied by Chili flavor, and a variety of flavors are wrapped around the tips of lips and teeth, which makes the taste of mala Tang more abundant. There are also some stores in Lanzhou that will add sour radish, which is very boring.

The Q-bomb of vermicelli, the richness of seasoning, the crispness of peanuts, and the fragrance of pepper … all the flavors are intertwined, forming an indescribable wonderful taste. It is no wonder that a bowl of hot Gansu Mala Tang can make countless Gansu wanderers dream about it.

Shooting on a small feeding table

Gansu province is long and narrow from east to west, so the mala Tang in different regions is also slightly different. Zhangye Mala Tang, which is quite popular in recent years, has added "sweet noodle sauce" to its sauce, which is sweet and spicy to eat. But if you want to ask which Gansu Mala Tang is the best, Gansu people will only answer you that the Mala Tang in their hometown is the best.

According to my colleague in Gansu, it was originally a Sichuanese who came to Jiayuguan to open a mala Tang restaurant. She grew up eating the first mala Tang restaurant. Sichuan Mala Tang took root in Gansu, and was further localized and improved, and finally developed into what it is today.

02

Sichuan hot spicy dip

/Snacks from the street to the table/

When it comes to mala Tang, Sichuan is absolutely unavoidable. After all, this is the birthplace of mala Tang.

As for how Sichuan Mala Tang came into being, there are many opinions, one of which is the most widespread and credible: in the 1980s and 1990s, the individual economy began to flourish, and street stalls put food slices on bamboo sticks for sale. Set up a pot next to it, rinse and cook it in the spicy soup base, and then dip it in. It’s cheap and charges by signing. This is the original form of mala Tang.

The original mala Tang was signed | The picture comes from the idea of the worm.

This small-scale business has strong reproducibility, low entry threshold, more and more employees, and some changes in form-from the initial street snacks into the store, it has become a dinner, cooked by yourself, served with oil dishes, and the variety of ingredients is also richer. In addition to the improvement in form, Mala Tang has gradually expanded from Leshan, the original birthplace, to Chengdu, and has a new name-"string string".

Today’s hand-held skewers are close to the original mala Tang eating method, and most of them are put out on the street in the middle of the night. After selecting the dishes, the boss will use a clip to fix the skewers on the edge of the pot and cook them. After the pot is put out, sprinkle chopped green onion and coriander as you like.

The picture comes from the idea of the worm.

Mala Tang and skewers are so similar that although I am a Sichuanese, I once thought they were the same thing, but they were called by different names, and eating them in my mouth was similar. Actually, their boundaries are really blurred, and you don’t have to worry too much when eating-delicious is the most important thing.

In the past, the roadside stalls in Beijing were also cooked with skewers in the soup base, and they were always hot. Pick out what you want to eat, and the boss will take the ingredients off the label and mix the seasoning, so you can eat it.

Roadside stall mala Tang | Image from the idea of the worm

Antimony pot mala Tang and plate mala Tang, which have emerged in recent two or three years, are mixed with dry dishes made of bean powder, Chili noodles and garlic paste, and their tastes reproduce the delicious and spicy memories of many Sichuanese children.

Pan Pan Mala Tang | Image from the idea of the worm

Cold pot string and maocai are also products derived from the deformation of "mala Tang-string".

Cold pot strings are cooked and served in soup. Although there is the word "cold" in the name, it is actually hot, the food is hot, the soup is hot, and only the pot containing the food is cold (actually at room temperature).

Cold pot string | Image from the idea of the worm

Maocai, on the other hand, abandoned "signing" and added some small bowls of dishes to choose from on the basis of mala Tang. You can choose beef, rabbit loin, brain flower, thousand layers of belly and other ingredients separately.

Beef | Image from the idea of the worm

Maocai can also be sold with rice, which is well-prepared and active in the streets in the form of fast food, providing many office workers with fast and rich lunch choices.

Maocai with rice | Image from the idea of the worm

03

Northeast hot spicy dip

/delicious after localization/

Mala Tang bloomed in the northwest, a spicy flower of Gansu Mala Tang. It can also go to the northeast, adapt to local conditions, improve and evolve into a brand-new genre-Northeast Mala Tang.

At that time, with the tide of laid-off, the small business of Mala Tang borrowed from Sichuan began to take root in the land of Northeast China.

In the choice of ingredients, most of the meat dishes in Sichuan Mala Tang are animals in the water, such as county liver, duck intestines, hairy belly, county handle, rabbit waist, etc. When they come to the northeast, the meat dishes are mostly meat slices and various balls. On the staple food, Northeast Mala Tang has also added corn flour, beef tendon noodles, potato flour, rice cakes, fried dough sticks and rich bean products according to local tastes.

Northeast Mala Tang | Image from the idea of the worm

When Mala Tang first entered the Northeast, it basically maintained the original heavy oil and spicy flavor, but later it was improved with the local taste, and the overall taste was more salty and spicy. This is the old-fashioned Mala Tang in the Northeast, and it is also the first and most popular form of Mala Tang after it came to the Northeast for localization.

Old-fashioned hot spicy dip

Nowadays, there are many hot "Northeast Sticky Mala Tang" on the Internet, and a large iron spoon of sesame sauce and peanut butter almost covers the whole bowl surface, giving people a strong visual impact.

Sticky mala Tang | Image from Xiaohongshu @ Occasionally Ungentle Sandwich Sister

In addition to the improved version of mala Tang, there is also a popular version of mala Tang in Northeast China.

Vegetables, meatballs, staple foods, mushrooms, etc. are cooked, drained, and then mixed with seasonings to eat. The optional flavors of spicy-hot mix are richer than those of spicy-hot mix, spicy, sour-sweet, sour-spicy and sweet-spicy, especially the sweet-sour mouth. Adding more vinegar and sugar to the spicy mix is very "Northeast"!

Spicy mix | Image from the idea of the worm

Many non-Northeast partners’ knowledge of Northeast Mala Tang mostly comes from two famous chain restaurants: Sean Mala Tang and Yang Guofu Mala Tang. These two brands not only took the Northeast Mala Tang out of the Northeast, but also promoted the iconic bone soup and milk soup base to the whole country.

Sean and Yang Guofu have actually opened many stores in Sichuan in recent years. This phenomenon is quite interesting. Mala Tang went out of Sichuan and returned to Sichuan after being improved in the northeast. When miscellaneous sauce noodles, a popular Chinese food in South Korea, were returned to China for sale, they were regarded as Korean food, which had the same effect.

Yang Guofu Mala Tang | Image from the idea of the worm

With the popularity of Gansu Mala Tang rising, many places outside Gansu are gearing up to open Gansu Mala Tang shops, and there are also many fast food versions available online. People who can’t go to Gansu, but are greedy for spicy food in Gansu, may be able to solve the pain of lovesickness-but there is no guarantee that they will be delicious in Gansu.

If you eat delicious Gansu Mala Tang in Beijing, be sure to tell me, because I want to eat it so much.

What kind of mala Tang do you like?

Original title: "Gansu Mala Tang (chewing), why is it so fragrant (chewing)? 》

Read the original text

"Was born, mang kunlun, read all the human spring scenery.

Like three million white jade dragons in flight, You have chilled the sky through. “

Special feature of 1905 film network Twenty-three years ago, in the movie, the general Feng Shi and the scientist Lu Guangda sang Chairman Mao’s "Niannujiao Kunlun" emotionally, and the overflowing patriotism and revolutionary heroism touched countless audiences.

The film tells the story of several generations of national defense researchers and soldiers who took root in the northwest desert and overcame countless difficulties, and finally completed the first atomic bomb explosion in China. They won seven awards, including best film and best director, at the 20th Golden Rooster Award of China Film.

Although the box office performance of "Born Out" in that year was not ideal, it became a classic in the history of film in the precipitation of time, and became the highest-rated main melody movie with a score of 9.4, and many classic lines were talked about by the audience.

After a lapse of 23 years, at the 12th Beijing International Film Festival Li Xuejian Master Class, the cast of "Born Out" was pleasantly reunited.

Starring Li Xuejian and Li Youbin, together with the film director, screenwriter, photographer, artist Lin Chaoxiang and editor, chatted about the past filming and felt the great Malan spirit of "doing earth-shattering things and being anonymous" again.

Before the activity began, there was another detail that was particularly touching. Li Xuejian was the first to come to the scene early, gave a military salute to all the audience and media reporters, and kept bowing. As always, his modesty and sincerity won warm applause from the audience.

Starting from life

Play the "unsung hero"

Chen Guoxing, the director, first shared the origin of the film’s creation: Born Out of the Sky is a tribute to the 50th anniversary of the founding of New China, shouldering both political and artistic missions.

The film is adapted from Malanchao, an award-winning work of Xia Yan Film Literature Award. The story mainly revolves around two generations of the atomic bomb test base. After receiving the novel, Chen Guoxing, through a lot of data collection and in-depth interviews, decided to expand the perspective and pattern of the film, adding descriptions of the international background, national level and intellectuals at that time, and presenting the arduous struggle behind the first atomic bomb explosion in China in a panoramic way.

How to show such a grand movie theme? In the final analysis, it lies in the shaping of characters. Feng Shi and Lu Guangda, two leading men with distinct personalities and full colors, are the key to the success of the film, and the superb performances of Li Xuejian and Li Youbin also inject souls into the characters.

Chen Guoxing still remembers that he sent an invitation to Li Xuejian before there was a script. When he heard that it was this theme, Li Xuejian agreed without saying anything, and devoted himself to the creation of characters.

Li Xuejian said with emotion: "The workers involved in the nuclear test, whether they are famous or unknown, are all national heroes. It is my honor to participate in such a film."

Li Xuejian and director Chen Guoxing.

In order to interpret this group of "national heroes" well, the starring actors did a lot of "life under the sun" interviews before starting, communicated with the prototype characters, and collected many delicate and vivid life details.

Because the state of nuclear physicist is far away from life, Li Youbin was very uneasy at one time, "I still feel that I can’t play in the middle", and he also specially read a large number of biographies of nuclear physicists, looking for characters’ feelings.

Li Youbin

But what impressed Li Youbin the most was that when interviewing Academician Cheng Kaijia, he just asked: "Why did you choose to return to China at that time?" Academician Cheng couldn’t help crying.

"They have experienced the humiliating history of old China, and it is the spirit of patriotism that supports them. We all had a strong sense of mission when filming this movie, and this movie also changed my outlook on life, "Li Youbin said.

Li Xuejian said that in recent years, he has often seen young viewers relive the clips of the film on the online platform, which is very touching. "I think it is worthwhile for us to make this play!"

risen to challenges

Make the best theme movie

Born Out shows the arduous struggle of a group of "unsung heroes", and the film creation process is also not easy.

Because a lot of content involves confidentiality, Chen Guoxing and the screenwriter team can only try their best to collect information. For example, the "abacus" fragment that impressed many audiences is only described in a few words in the book, but the founders fully explored and used the contrast between the advanced technology of atomic bombs and the traditional abacus calculation to design this shocking bridge.

When shooting, I borrowed the reading room of Tsinghua University Library as the shooting location, found dozens of accountants as actors, and hung eight Chinese characters on the wall — — Do it yourself and start from scratch.

Lin Chaoxiang, an artist, revealed that he planned to shoot near Beijing at first, but he never found the desired image feeling until he came to the Malan Military Region in person and saw the vast and boundless sky before he found the real "born" temperament. In this way, from scratch, on the Gobi Desert, the engineers and soldiers of the Malan Military Region and the crew used 92 tons of steel to rebuild the scenery and completed the "impossible task".

Photographer Zhang Li interprets the image style of the film in this way. The khaki of the Gobi Desert echoes the golden color of Beijing, showing the vitality and nostalgia belonging to that era.

But what impressed him the most was the mental state of every actor when shooting a big scene: "When Li Youbin and Li Xuejian came out, there were often thousands of soldiers in the background. Those young voices and faces were warm, and every subject was very vivid. “

The on-the-spot shooting in the Gobi Desert brought magnificent images to "Out of the Sky", but the hard conditions were also a big challenge for the main creator. Chen Guoxing recalled that the conditions of eating and living on the set were poor, and there were no vegetables, and all the fruits were canned. "When shooting, the Gobi Desert was full of sandstorms, and Li Xuejian took the team, led the camels to face the wind, and the airplane heads blew against it, and suffered too much, but the actors never complained."

Due to the accumulation of a large number of wonderful materials in the early shooting, it has become a big problem for editor Zhou Xinxia, and has been unable to sort out narrative clues.

At this time, the photographer Zhang Li’s words woke her up, "Be bold and clean up carefully". "Chinese’s backbone and backbone shown in the roles played by Li Xuejian, Li Youbin and three people are the most touching to the audience, and my editing is also closely around these three people."

Chen Guoxing also recalled a detail. In the process of creation, the American bombing of China’s embassy in Yugoslavia happened. Li Xuejian was very angry when he learned about it, and the inspiring lines in the film also had practical significance:

"It should be said that the United States is a beautiful country, but he should not bully you as he is now, making you want to yell at him, NO, fuck you! I just can’t swallow this tone! "

Recalling the shooting more than 20 years ago, many details have been blurred, but the "Malan spirit" that I personally felt in the creative process is always in the hearts of every master.

"Born Out" is a film that truly shows Chinese’s "backbone" and Chinese’s spiritual essence. There are not many such films. Now there are some works with high cost and gorgeous production, but there are too few works that truly express the essence of national spirit, "said Zhang Li.

Li Xuejian said forcefully: "Malan spirit is summed up in two sentences: do earth-shattering things and be anonymous.". They did what no one in the world believed that Chinese could do. They really gave their youth and their children and grandchildren for the country and the people. Young people can go to Malan base to have a look, and they will definitely feel the same way with me, and tears can’t stop flowing. "

Finally, when asked how to create an excellent theme film, Li Xuejian said: "There is no need to conceptualize the theme film, carry forward the truth, goodness and beauty, lash out the false and the ugly, and carry forward the story of China, which is a good theme film."

Original favorite jun loves history.

▲ Statue of Bruce Lee in Victoria Harbour.

one

In 1959, 19-year-old Bruce Lee crossed the sea from Hong Kong with $100 from his father and went to the United States alone.

The waves on the sea are undulating, like the curve of fate.

Li Qiuqin, Bruce Lee’s cousin, recalled that Bruce Lee suddenly left Hong Kong for the United States that year because of his enmity with a local Cantonese film xiaosheng nicknamed "Qiaozaike".

Previously, Bruce Lee once met the handsome boy in the teahouse. Qiaozaike has always been doing nothing, and he has a large number of servants. He challenged Bruce Lee and asked him to pour himself tea. Bruce Lee ignored it at first, until the other party insulted his father, then flew into a rage and fought with a group of people from the other party until the police station.

After that, the handsome boy released malicious words, and wanted to use his relationship with gangs to issue a killing order to Bruce Lee. Bruce Lee’s parents were worried about his son’s accident, so they arranged for him to study in the United States.

This is just an episode of Bruce Lee’s early Jianghu story.

Born in Chenshi, the Year of the Loong (7: 12 a.m. on November 27th, 1940), this "son of the dragon" has never been an easy character.

Bruce Lee has been active since childhood. When I was young, during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Japanese planes often flew low. According to his family’s memories, Bruce Lee, who was ignorant, climbed to the top floor and shouted abuse when he saw the Japanese opportunity, which made his parents surprised and annoyed.

Later, in Bruce Lee’s masterpiece Jingwumen, Zhen Chen, who he played, tore up the plaque of "The Sick Man of East Asia" and stuffed it into the Japanese mouth. Such a shocking scene, while making people clap their hands and exclaim, may also be expressing their national feelings awakened from childhood.

After studying at La Salle College in Hong Kong, Bruce Lee became a loyal and keen "fighting king". He is agile and has learned Kung Fu. No matter whether he is a senior or a junior student, he has to beat him down within a few moves.

According to his classmate next door, James J.S.Wong, who was later ranked among the four gifted talents in Hong Kong, recalled: "In the whole Lassa Academy, only he bullied others, and almost no one dared to provoke him."

James J.S.Wong said so, of course, because he himself suffered from Bruce Lee’s loss.

On one occasion, James J.S.Wong’s younger brother and Bruce Lee were at loggerheads and had an argument. When James J.S.Wong saw this, he did not stand by and joined hands with his younger brother, fighting against Bruce Lee. Within a few rounds, the two brothers were beaten and fled.

The two men fought for a month, and finally James J.S.Wong invited them to dinner, and the two sides shook hands and made peace. Future kung fu superstars and literary talents can be described as strangers.

▲ Bruce Lee and his father, brother and friend, with James J.S.Wong on the right.

At that time, the historical background made Hong Kong a melting pot of culture, where people from all walks of life gathered together and talented people came forth in large numbers.

With Bruce Lee and James J.S.Wong, there is also Xu Guanwen, the pioneer of Hong Kong-style comedy. Due to family constraints, Xu Guanwen had to teach English part-time during school, so he obviously didn’t have a chance to fight with Bruce Lee.

Xu Guanwen’s younger brother, Samuel Hui, known as the God of Songs, became quite familiar with Bruce Lee after many years. Both wives are Americans, and the two children have been playing since childhood.

Samuel Hui once invited Li Xiangning, the daughter of Bruce Lee, to sing for her father at a concert with the theme of "Hong Kong Feelings" in memory of Bruce Lee.

▲ Samuel Hui and Bruce Lee.

When the Xu Shi brothers were children, the family settled in the log cabin area of Diamond Hill where there was no water or electricity. Recalling this bitter day, Xu Guanwen once said with self-deprecation: "I have no sense of humor, from small to large. I am so serious that I don’t understand why others think I am funny. "

At this time, the Xu Shi brothers obviously had nothing to do with movies, but Bruce Lee became attached to movies since childhood.

2

Bruce Lee’s family is rich. His father, Li Haiquan, is a famous Cantonese opera singer and his enlightenment in drama and martial arts.

When Bruce Lee was 7 years old, he began to learn Tai Ji Chuan from his father, which was his first contact with China Kung Fu.

▲ Bruce Lee in the child star period.

Born into a family of Cantonese opera, he often visited Li Haiquan on the set, and even played a guest role in the films he participated in, showing his acting talent from an early age.

When he was three months old, Bruce Lee appeared in the movie Golden Gate Girl, playing a baby. In this regard, he once proudly said: "I made a movie as soon as I was born."

His original name was Li Zhenfan, and the name "Bruce Lee" was also given to him by the screenwriter Biu Wan Yuen when he was 9 years old and participated in the film "Xi Lu Xiang".

Bruce Lee’s mother, Grace Ho, is a Sino-German mixed-race, and is the adopted daughter of He Gantang, a wealthy businessman. The Ho family was once one of the four famous families in Hong Kong. He Gantang had two brothers-He Fu and He Dong. Stanley Ho, the "King of Macau Gambling", is the grandson of He Fu. After a careful stroke, Bruce Lee and Stanley Ho still have three generations of cousins.

three

As a teenager, Bruce Lee was very dedicated to movies, but his attitude towards learning was quite different. His partiality is serious, especially his emphasis on literature over science. He often violates discipline at school. Like James J.S.Wong, he was defeated by countless students under his command, so he had to drop out of school several times and transfer to another school.

In 1953, 14-year-old Bruce Lee changed his school uniform every day after school and took to the streets to find his opponent. Once, he finally met a strong enemy and tasted defeat. He was very unhappy when he was stronger.

Under the introduction of a playmate of the same age, he came to Wing Chun Boxing Hall in Lida Street, Kowloon, and worshipped Ip Man as his teacher.

Bruce Lee is fearless of heaven and earth, and he didn’t know what a "teacher" was until he met Yip Man, a great master of Wing Chun Boxing.

Unlike the defiant Bruce Lee, Ip Man kept a low profile all his life, never being competitive. In addition to practicing martial arts, I usually have tea with my disciples and friends in the teahouse and occasionally play mahjong several times.

Fate has brought this pair of disciples with different personalities to meet. After many years, Bruce Lee has become one of Ip Man’s most proud disciples.

▲ Ip Man and Bruce Lee.

After entering the door of Ip Man, Bruce Lee studied hard and practiced hard. Practice sticking your hands to the stake at home all day. His father didn’t know whether he was happy or worried. He sighed, "As long as he takes 20% from his martial arts experience, his studies will not be like this." Nowadays, many parents in China probably have similar troubles as Li Haiquan.

Learning Wing Chun Boxing was also the first time that Bruce Lee systematically received the education of China Wushu. Later, when he recalled Master, his heart was full of gratitude:

First of all, he is a shrewd scholar. He knows my personality very well and knows what I really need. He even asked me to learn some new moves when I was tired of kicking, so as to hone my patience. Because I have no physical strength at this time, I will not be anxious when practicing … I have completely lost myself in this unique wing chun world.

Bruce Lee believes that many martial arts teachers are rigid in concept and technology, and are deeply bound by form in teaching methods, which will lead to a vicious circle in the development of martial arts in China, while Ip Man can keep pace with the times and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.

▲ Bruce Lee asked Ip Man about Wing Chun.

Shine on you, but better than blue. Bruce Lee inherited IP Man’s innovative consciousness. He studied martial arts from various schools all his life, including Wing Chun, Tai Chi, Neijia Boxing, Jiequan, Karate and Taekwondo.

In the end, Bruce Lee combined the strengths of various schools, combined with the Taoist culture he loved, and put forward the martial arts thought of "taking the impossible as the law, taking the infinite as the limit" and "being invisible and like water". In 1967, he founded Jeet Kune Do. In recent years, MMA, a fire, regarded Bruce Lee as a pioneer.

four

In 1959, when Bruce Lee came to the United States at the age of 19, he studied at the Edison Institute of Technology in Seattle, preparing for the university entrance examination. Although I stayed at my father’s friend’s house, my living expenses were almost entirely self-reliant.

Bruce Lee is not only superb in martial arts, but also a great dancer. He once won the Hong Kong cha-cha championship. When he was in Hong Kong, he learned a set of boxing techniques from a martial arts elder, Cha Cha.

When he first arrived in the United States, he took the title of champion of cha-cha dance as a gimmick and made a living by teaching people to dance. Later, he worked as a restaurant waiter and newspaper handyman, and his life was very difficult.

During this period, Lin Yanni, a famous talented woman who had many contacts with Bruce Lee, once said: "If you shoot the Biography of Bruce Lee, the most exciting thing is not the years when he returned to Hong Kong to film, but the years when he worked hard to get married in the United States."

Lin Yanni was the girlfriend of Bruce Lee’s brother Li Zhongchen, and later became his sister-in-law. After many years, she had an emotional entanglement with James J.S.Wong for more than ten years.

When Lin Yanni and Bruce Lee met at a young age, the Bruce Lee she wrote was true and clear, both naughty and enthusiastic, but also hesitant and frustrated.

On one occasion, Bruce Lee received an "order" from his brother to take care of Lin Yanni during the summer vacation. Outgoing, he hit it off with this sister-in-law and soon became good friends. According to Lin Yanni, it is "hardcore brothers".

Bruce Lee even told her that she lost her virginity at the age of 14, saying that she was "fucked" by an actress on the set.

They talked about everything. As soon as Bruce Lee started talking, he couldn’t stop. Lin Yanni recalled: "He talked about martial arts, philosophy and girls, but he never heard him talk about school. If you want him to keep silent, you’d better talk about going to school and make sure he stops talking at once. "

At that time, Lin Yanni shared a room with three classmates, and met a wicked landlord, who wanted them to pay compensation for replacing the moldy old carpet without permission.

Lin Yanni called Bruce Lee and told him that he had been bullied. Without saying anything, Bruce Lee came to argue with the landlord with a gun in his hand. His eyes glared angrily, and the landlord started to run away, afraid to ask for trouble again.

Lin Yanni was only 17 years old at that time, and he thought, "It’s fun for someone to save us with a real gun", but he was afraid that Bruce Lee would get excited and really kill the evil landlord.

Bruce Lee, on the other hand, somewhat regretted holding a gun to rescue the scene. He later recalled that people in Wulin should despise all firearms.

▲ Lin Yanni and Bruce Lee.

Lin Yanni found that Bruce Lee was actually a lonely man. Because of the uncertain future at that time, he was preoccupied every day.

He said to Lin Yanni, "Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night and sit in bed and cry."

Therefore, Lin Yanni said: "What I know is not the superstar Bruce Lee at all, but an unruly and unremitting person with an extremely kind heart." It is said that men don’t cry lightly, but Bruce Lee also has a sentimental side.

five

Two years after coming to the United States, in March 1961, Bruce Lee was admitted to Washington University, majoring in drama and minoring in philosophy.

Philosophy and Kung Fu seem to have nothing to do with each other, but they have fascinated Bruce Lee all his life. A quiet move, just like Bruce Lee’s character of being quiet as a virgin and moving as a rabbit.

Li Zhongchen was not surprised by his younger brother’s choice. Bruce Lee, he said, liked to think alone since he was a child. At first, everyone thought he was ill, but later he knew what he was thinking, but he didn’t know what he was thinking. By studying philosophy, he can get a thorough understanding of those problems.

With a deep love for philosophy, Bruce Lee was also fascinated by writing poems, attaching his inner confusion and expectation for the future to the words.

When writing to his best friend, Jhoon Rhee, the "father of American Taekwondo", he turned his growing thoughts and feelings into poems to encourage himself and wrote a poem "Who am I":

Who am I?

I am a giant in the crowd,

Overlooking the heroes of the world,

Or is it a mediocre person who feels closed?

I am a successful and confident gentleman.

A natural leader who answers every call,

Or be careful in front of strangers,

The weak who are always frightened?

Behind the forced smile,

Is a trembling heart,

Like a little boy lost in a dark forest.

In college, Bruce Lee continued his work-study life. He finally found that even the cha-cha and other things he loved for many years were just "meaningless leisure and fun".

China Kung Fu is his lifelong pursuit.

Despite his busy life, he deliberately asked his family to transport wooden stakes from Hong Kong, kept practicing every day, and even organized a "China Kung Fu Team" at school to perform and train. Foreigners have never seen such a strange skill as kungfu, and the word "Kung Fu" spread rapidly through Bruce Lee only later.

Bruce Lee found that young people in the United States were obviously more interested in his kungfu skills, so he had a bold idea in his heart-opening a museum to teach. Those students and neighbors who are interested in Kung Fu became his first students. At first, there was no fixed place for Bruce Lee to teach, and he wandered around parks and parking lots.

▲ Bruce Lee and friends of different countries and colors.

Bruce Lee also made friends with teachers from all walks of life in the United States, including one of his best friends, taky kimura. This friend is 16 years older than Bruce Lee, and he insisted on visiting Bruce Lee’s grave until he was very old.

Lin Yanni once wrote in an article: "I think the best thing for him is that Japanese-American friend, who is very reliable.".

Taky kimura, with an unswerving temperament, helped Bruce Lee solve the problem of teaching venues. He used the open space behind his shop as a temporary "martial arts school".

At first, Bruce Lee took nothing, and it was entirely for the purpose of promoting China Kung Fu. Kimura recalled: "At that time, he taught us informally, and we suggested that he charge us tuition."

After several years of hard work, Bruce Lee became famous, and more and more people learned from him. In April, 1962, he established the first "Zhenfan National Art Museum" in a basement in Seattle’s Chinatown, and published the only complete book "Basic China Boxing" the following year.

In 1964, at the "International Karate Championship" held in Long Beach, California, USA, Bruce Lee was invited as a guest performer after Bruce Lee’s unforgettable friend and his disciple Yan Jinghai ran around in many ways.

At the opening ceremony, Bruce Lee’s performance was amazing. It was the first time that he showed the charm of China Kung Fu in front of an American audience through television. The organizer left this valuable video, and it was through this performance that the producer of Bruce Lee’s famous work The Green Hornet got to know Bruce Lee.

▲ "The Game of Death" stills: Bruce Lee and his disciple, NBA star Abdul-Jabbar, fought.

six

While developing her career, Bruce Lee also met with love. In 1963, an American girl named linda emery walked into the martial arts school in Bruce Lee. A year later, she married Bruce Lee.

Bruce Lee has met countless beautiful women in his life, but Linda is his only ideal wife.

Bruce Lee relies heavily on Linda in his life. When he goes out, he needs his wife to prepare clothes for him. Sometimes when he wakes up in the middle of the night, his wife cooks noodles for him. Although he worked in a restaurant, Bruce Lee knew nothing about cooking, so he had to surrender in the face of cooking and cooking. Fortunately, Linda is a good wife. She not only cooks western-style food, but also specially learns Cantonese food for Bruce Lee.

At that time, Bruce Lee borrowed a ring to propose to Linda. In a hurry, she found that she didn’t even have a suit, so she hurried to rent one.

Under such difficult conditions, the two met and fell in love. After marriage, both husband and wife gave up their studies and went to California. A year later, their son Brandon Lee was born.

Brandon Lee studied martial arts with his father since he was a child. Eleven years after Bruce Lee’s death, he also embarked on the road of film. Unfortunately, however, Brandon Lee was shot and killed while filming The Crow in 1993. At that time, the prop gun that shot him should have shot a blank ammunition, but I don’t know who replaced it with a real bullet. This mystery remains unsolved.

After several years of marriage, Bruce Lee’s economic situation improved.

His "Zhenfan National Art Museum" has set up branches in Auckland, Los Angeles and other places. With the growing fame, many famous people in the film and television circles also come here, and the teaching fee in Bruce Lee naturally rises, rising to $250 per hour and $1,000 for 10 classes. In a letter to friends in Hong Kong, he said that he "has become the most expensive teacher in the United States in history".

In 1969, he confidently wrote on a note: "From 1970, I will win a worldwide reputation. By 1980, I will have a wealth of 15 million US dollars. At that time, my family and I will live a happy life. "

When Bruce Lee wrote this passage, he was not full of grandiloquence after his success, but a loud cry for the future hope when he worked hard.

Later, he really got his wish.

▲ "Jingwumen" stills.

seven

In 1965, Hollywood invited Bruce Lee, who made his debut in the TV series The Green Hornet, which was planned by 20th century Fox. The well-known image of the tough guy who killed the quartet in film and television works finally turned out.

Before Bruce Lee became famous, Chinese actors in Hollywood were discriminated against. Huang Liushuang, who became famous earlier than him, played many roles in movies, such as prostitutes and slaves, although she was once named on the Avenue of Stars. Western audiences recognized her acting skills, but never recognized her skin color, just like some Chinese humiliators now, they were biased against her.

When Bruce Lee was in Hollywood, he never wanted to play a negative role. What he wanted the audience to remember was China Kung Fu, which was the blood of Chinese men. After the launch of The Green Hornet, the popularity of the male No.2 he played once overtook that of first hero, and his kung fu was accepted by American audiences.

▲ Bruce Lee was interviewed in the United States to explain the philosophy of Kung Fu.

While Bruce Lee’s career was booming, in 1970, he encountered a major crisis in his life. When he bent down to do stretching exercises, his back was seriously injured because he didn’t warm up in advance.

The doctor told Bruce Lee that he might never walk normally again, and advised him to give up kung fu.

Bruce Lee refuses to accept. During his recovery, he never forgot to write a movie script while lying in bed, and pasted small notes with inspirational words all over the bathroom, door and wall.

After months of fighting against the disease, he miraculously recovered. As he often said to his wife:

The reason why people ask different questions is not what happens in our lives, but what kind of way we choose to respond when we face important situations in life that can test our courage.

The sky will drop to the people of Sri Lanka.

▲ "The Raptors Crossing the River" stills.

eight

"The Green Hornet" allowed Bruce Lee to display his fists and feet in film and television dramas, but Hollywood’s rejection of Chinese actors still bound him deeply.

Ambition can’t be realized, Bruce Lee began to look to Hongkong. That native land once gave him a love of kung fu, philosophy and movies.

James J.S.Wong, his old classmate, didn’t neglect his studies because of playing. Instead, he was admitted to the University of Hong Kong. In 1965, he began to work on film music, wrote his first song a few years later, and began to write his own column.

Another alumnus, Xu Guanwen, bid farewell to the hard life of childhood and joined TVB as a host after graduating from college. He and his younger brother Samuel Hui co-hosted the variety show "Double Star News", which set a record for the highest TV ratings in Hong Kong in 1971.

After Bruce Lee returned to Hongkong, she performed "Happy Tonight" on TVB, and the host was Xu Guanwen.

Hong Kong’s literary and artistic undertakings are developing vigorously, as predicted by Hong Kong’s Guangming Daily in the 1950s: "In the future, the cultural center of China will belong to Hong Kong for at least one period."

In 1971, Bruce Lee contacted Shaw Company, a wealthy company. Shaw’s offer for Bruce Lee is not generous, with only $2,000 per film and a long-term contract, just like ordinary actors.

However, Bruce Lee insisted that Shaw send scripts and related materials for reference, and then insisted that Shaw send someone to the United States to talk to him face to face, and the cooperation matters would be discussed separately.

Shaw had already learned that Bruce Lee’s development in Hollywood was not satisfactory, so he naturally put on airs and asked Bruce Lee to return to Hong Kong first.

Bruce Lee, who has always been proud, broke up with Shaw in a rage, so Shaw missed Bruce Lee.

Just then, Zou Wenhuai, Shaw’s right-hand man, left because he was dissatisfied with his salary and set up Jiahe Company.

While going to the United States to woo Pei-Pei Cheng, a married martial arts actress of Shaw, Jiahe sent someone to visit Bruce Lee. This is the first Hong Kong filmmaker who came all the way to the United States to warmly invite him. Bruce Lee was moved by his sincerity and the two sides hit it off.

In 1971, Bruce Lee returned to Hongkong and joined Jiahe.

"Tangshan Big Brother", which was filmed in those years, was the first film in Bruce Lee to play the leading role. It was released less than three weeks ago, and the box office reached HK$ 3.2 million, setting a box office record in Hong Kong.

At that time, Jiahe was fledgling and was repeatedly squeezed by Shaw. This "Tangshan Big Brother" not only made Bruce Lee famous, but also saved Jiahe.

The following year, Jingwumen and the Raptor Crossing the River were released one after another, breaking box office records. Among them, the Raptor Crossing the River earned HK$ 5.3 million in Hong Kong alone, which was the first film with a box office of over 5 million in Hong Kong’s history, and also broke several box office records in Southeast Asia.

Bruce Lee said: "I came to Hong Kong to show Jeet Kune Do from the movie."

Different from the old-fashioned posture of Hong Kong martial arts actors in the past, Bruce Lee strives to be true. In the film, he is hard-working and hard-working, and he has created a new type of kung fu film.

Bruce Lee is definitely a landmark figure and a well-deserved leader in the Hong Kong film industry. In his films, Ching-Ying Lam, Sammo Hung in Seven Little Happiness, Jackie Chan and other later big brother actors all ran a walk-on for him. Outside the film, Stephen Chow, the future "king of comedy", has been Bruce Lee’s younger brother since childhood, and many tributes to Bruce Lee can be seen in Stephen Chow’s films.

In 1972, Bruce Lee filmed enter the dragon and Game of Death, which paved the way for him to enter the international film industry. At this time, his films have already become famous overseas.

▲ A stills that Jackie Chan is proud of.

nine

When misfortune struck him, everything came to an abrupt end.

On the afternoon of May 10th, 1973, Bruce Lee suddenly fainted while dubbing the English version of enter the dragon, and was immediately taken to the hospital. The doctor’s diagnosis is: "There is nothing abnormal except the high urea value in the body."

It seems like a trivial matter, but it seems to be a wake-up call for Bruce Lee’s health. Since he returned to Hongkong to film, he has hardly had a rest.

On July 20th, Bruce Lee and Zou Wenhuai went to the actress Ding Pei’s home to discuss the script. Ding Pei is a famous porn star in Hong Kong. She has known Bruce Lee for more than a year and has an ambiguous relationship.

That night, Bruce Lee was in a coma in Ding Pei’s boudoir. After Ding Pei found out, he hurried to Zou Wenhuai. They were in a hurry and didn’t know what to do. After being examined by a private doctor in Ding Pei, they called an ambulance.

It’s too late. Bruce Lee had already lost his life, only 33 years old.

▲ Reports on Bruce Lee’s death.

At first, in order to preserve Bruce Lee’s reputation, both his family and Jiahe Company announced that Bruce Lee died in his own home. Later, due to the inconsistent details, it was questioned.

The paparazzi in Hong Kong have always been very powerful, and soon found the driving records of ambulances. The media just knew that the accident happened at Ding Pei’s home.

Until today, the cause of Bruce Lee’s death is still confusing. Ding Pei’s words and deeds are different. On the one hand, he said that he had already made his knowledge public, on the other hand, he was evasive. He also wrote a book with Bruce Lee as the protagonist, which was suspected of consuming the dead. Three years after Bruce Lee’s death, she married Xiang Huaqiang, a Hong Kong film and television mogul, and converted to Buddhism after divorce.

In 2014, in a talk show, Ding Pei said that she had schizophrenia, and many things were forgotten.

Bruce Lee’s death became a mystery.

Some people say that intensive physical training and invisible psychological pressure are destroying the rising kung fu superstar in Ran Ran; It is also said that Hong Kong gangs, martial arts circles, and even Americans and Japanese who were provoked by racial reasons sought revenge and assassinated Bruce Lee.

Countless guesses, after all, are inconclusive. At that time, after two months’ investigation, according to the comprehensive report and the opinions of experts at home and abroad, the Hong Kong court determined that the cause of death for Bruce Lee was just "death by misfortune".

▲ "enter the dragon" stills.

Bruce Lee’s death is like a meteor falling to the ground, but his life has come to an end, and people’s memories of him have not been erased. His chivalry in his bones and his influence in spreading China Kung Fu to all parts of the world are hard to surpass.

Superstars such as Jackie Chan, who was a walk-on in Bruce Lee movies, are long gone, and fans such as Stephen Chow, who are deeply influenced by Bruce Lee, have also made some achievements.

If Bruce Lee were still alive, he would have turned 80 this year. However, living in movies, he is always young.

An era is gone. Unfortunately, the masculinity brought by Bruce Lee to the Chinese film industry is gradually fading away, and the golden age of Hong Kong films is long gone.

At the end of the full text, thank you for your patience in reading, and let me know that you are watching by praising and clicking ~

References:

Su Jing: Re-understanding Bruce Lee.

John Ritter: Bruce Lee: The Artist of Life.

Jiang Jiang: Biography of Bruce Lee.

Shi Yonggang and Liu Qiongxiong: Bruce Lee’s Painting.

This article is the original content of the account [Favorite History] signed by Netease News Netease New Humanity Wave Plan. It is forbidden to reprint it at will without the authorization of the account.

Original title: "China’s best superstar died in 1973"

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Dongfeng Warrior officially announced the pre-sale price of 917 Jiaolong Armor and its enhanced version of Jiaolong Armor Max, which were 768,000 yuan and 868,000 yuan respectively, 130,300 yuan higher than that of ordinary extended-range models. The new car uses a large number of aviation-grade carbon fiber materials, which makes the carbon fiber coverage rate of the whole car reach 22.3%, and the body size has also increased. The model is painted in desert storm yellow, and the silver roof contrasts, showing a more domineering shape than the tank 800.

The appearance of 917 Xiaolong armor has been significantly upgraded, including replacing it with a straight waterfall-type middle net, increasing the air intake area, adding two raised ridges to the machine cover, and the front and rear wheel covers are made of carbon fiber and equipped with round cake-type closed wheels. The car side retains the traditional door handle design, and adds side boxes and storage racks, and the roof is equipped with an expansion platform. The tail design includes split taillights and full-size AT spare wheel frame.

In terms of interior, 917 Xiaolong Armor is equipped with a 12.3-inch suspended LCD instrument, a 15.6-inch suspended touch control panel and a 12.3-inch passenger entertainment screen, equipped with four multi-function steering wheels, streaming rearview mirrors, leather stitching seats, physical function buttons and traditional air conditioning outlets. The central armrest box, door panel and center console are decorated with a large number of carbon fiber cover plates, highlighting the identity of its high-performance car.

In terms of power system, the maximum power of 917 Jiaolong armor range extender reaches 145kW, the total motor power is 600kW, and the peak torque is as high as 1050 N m. Matching the Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ternary lithium battery pack of 65.8kWh, the CLTC has a pure battery life of 200km and a comprehensive battery life of 1026km. The new car also comes standard with a T-MAX professional electric winch, which can provide a pulling force of up to 12,500 pounds and enhance the off-road capability.

　　After the development of carburetor, single-point EFI, multi-point EFI and multi-point sequential EFI, many luxury car manufacturers have made progress in the field of direct injection.

　　The direct injection engine is different from the ordinary engine in the fuel injection mode. The fuel is injected into the cylinder directly instead of being mixed with air in the intake manifold. With the accurate calculation of the ECU control unit of the engine, this combustion mode can control the fuel injection amount according to the working conditions of the engine, and the performance, fuel consumption and emissions of the engine can be optimized accordingly.

　　The earliest direct injection system was invented by Bosch Company in 1950s, and was first applied to Mercedes-Benz SL300 in 1955. However, it was gradually forgotten because there was no mainstream development trend at that time. It was not until 1996 that the direct injection gasoline engine reappeared in the market. Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan introduced their GDI direct injection technology into Galant’s 4G93 engine and sold it in the Japanese market. Subsequently, Mitsubishi Carisma equipped with this technology also entered the European market, and today’s "direct injection fever" developed from this.

　　Facing the problems of energy and environment and the development of engines, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Cadillac have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to explore new technical fields. In the domestic market, Volkswagen and Audi’s FSI technology has become a star product in this category, but with the arrival of Cadillac’s new CTS, BMW X6xDrive50i and other models, Volkswagen FSI engines have ushered in more competitors. At present, the mainstream models with direct injection technology in the domestic market are only some high-end models, but we have reason to believe that with the development of technology, this technology beneficial to you, me, energy and the environment will be gradually popularized.

New CTS and its SIDI direct injection engine

　　Universal SIDI

　　SIDI all-aluminum dual-mode intelligent direct injection engine adopts universal third-generation direct injection technology. Among them, dual mode refers to homogeneous combustion and stratified combustion. SIDI engine can automatically adopt stratified lean combustion mode when the throttle is half open and automatically enter homogeneous combustion mode when the throttle is full. The automatic conversion of these two modes will directly improve the effective utilization rate of fuel. The method used by general SIDI to realize layering is also different from the eddy current method of Volkswagen, and the controllable oiling process is the key step to realize layering oiling.

　　Representative model: Cadillac CTS3.6L flagship high-performance version

　　Cadillac CTS3.6L flagship high-performance version is equipped with this 3.6LSIDI engine. Compared with the previous generation CTS3.6L engine, the maximum power and torque of this SIDI engine have increased by 15% and 8%, reaching 229kW and 374N·m respectively. Due to the introduction of direct injection technology, the fuel consumption of this engine is also reduced by 3% compared with the previous generation engine, and the hydrocarbon emission is also reduced by 25% during cold start.

　　Volkswagen FSI

Volkswagen FSI has a high reputation in China.

The nozzle of FSI is below the intake pipe, and the nozzle placement of each pair is different.

　　Volkswagen was one of the first manufacturers to introduce direct injection technology into China. Nowadays, FSI (Fuel Ratio Injection) has become a familiar word for consumers. FSI refers to stratified fuel injection, which is a direct injection technology for gasoline engines. At the beginning of FSI, this technology had stratified lean combustion, but it was later cancelled for various reasons, and only the direct injection technology was retained. Audi used vortex effect to realize stratified lean combustion before. Although this technology was cancelled, the remaining direct injection technology also performed well in terms of power and fuel economy. Compared with the traditional engine that directly injects fuel into the intake manifold, the FSI fuel direct injection engine can significantly improve the power, make the output torque and power higher, and reduce the fuel consumption rate by 15%.

　　Representative model: Audi A6L3.2FSI

Audi A6L 3.2 has not only quattro four-wheel drive technology, but also FSI.

　　At present, compared with the previous 3.0LV6 engine, the 3.2LFSIV6 engine equipped on the Audi A6 model has a maximum power of 26kW and a maximum torque of 30N·m and 330N·m, and the fuel efficiency has also been significantly improved. It is a highlight of FSI technology to combine engine power and fuel economy well.

　　Bmw HPI

From this picture, we can clearly see the direct injection technology structure of BMW.

　　Many people don’t know about BMW’s high-precision injection system, HighPrecisionInjection. In fact, it is an integral part of BMW’s EfficientDynamics system and an important part of BMW’s improvement in power and fuel economy. The precise piezoelectric nozzle located between the intake valve and the spark plug can provide a pressure of up to 200Bar to fully atomize gasoline and complete the process of injecting it into the combustion chamber in 0.14 milliseconds, so that the fuel economy pursued by engineers is completely guaranteed. BMW does not add stratified combustion technology to this system, but achieves the purpose of improving fuel consumption rate through fuel atomization.

　　Representative model: BMW X6xDrive50i

BMW X6 xDrive 35i has entered China, and X6 xDrive 50i will meet domestic consumers soon.

　　The X6xDrive50i, which is about to enter the domestic market, is equipped with this direct injection system, and its power performance is also very remarkable because of its dual turbocharging system. Its maximum power is 300kW, its maximum torque is 600N·m, and its comprehensive fuel consumption is 12.5L/100km (it is worth noting that this is the data of a 4.4LV8 twin-turbo engine).

　　Mercedes CGI

The highlight of Mercedes-Benz CGI lies in its high-pressure piezoelectric nozzle technology.

　　Compared with Volkswagen and BMW, Mercedes-Benz’s publicity in this respect is somewhat low-key, but this does not mean that this German company is inferior to its competitors in this respect. Mercedes-Benz has been committed to the research on vehicle power and fuel economy, and CGI (Hierarchical-Charged Line Injection) is their research achievement. In 2006, Mercedes-Benz launched the 350CGI engine, which was the first time to apply the piezoelectric nozzle to the direct injection technology of gasoline engines. Compared with the popular mode of using vortex to produce stratified effect, Mercedes-Benz solves this problem well by using high-pressure piezoelectric nozzle, and forms the required stratified combustion mode by using the spray generated by high pressure. It is also for this reason that this engine effectively reduces fuel consumption by as much as 10% compared with the previous engine.

　　Representative model: Mercedes-Benz CLS350CGI

At present, it seems that Mercedes-Benz CLS 350 CGI has little fate with domestic consumers.

　　The maximum power of ordinary Mercedes-Benz CLS350 is only 200kW, the maximum torque is 350N·m, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 10.1L. Mercedes-Benz CLS350CGI has reached the maximum power of 215kW and the maximum torque of 365N·m, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 9.1L That is to say, after adding CGI technology, the maximum power, maximum torque and fuel consumption rate of the engine have improved by 7.5%, 4.3% and 10% respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that Mercedes-Benz is not inferior in this respect. After the successful appearance of CLS350CGI in 2006, Mercedes-Benz applied this engine to E-CLASS, S-CLASS and other models, but these models have not yet met with domestic consumers.

　　CCTV News:After the United States and China signed on September 28th and October 17th, respectively, the Airworthiness Implementation Procedures of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States came into effect on October 17th. This agreement can simplify the accreditation process for C919, ARJ21 and future domestic aircraft to enter the United States.

　　At present, the first domestic large passenger plane C919 has been transferred from Pudong base to Yanliang, Xi ‘an. This indicates that the inspection flight test of C919 in Shanghai has come to an end, and the next step of research and development flight test and airworthiness evidence collection has begun.

　　As early as 2010, Zhenjiang New District seized the historical opportunity of the launch of the large aircraft project and began to build an aerospace industrial park in Zhenjiang New District. Up to now, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park has a planned area of 10 square kilometers, including 6 square kilometers in the south area, with 150,000 square meters of professional carriers, mainly developing aerospace new materials and parts industries; The north area is 4 square kilometers, supported by Dalu General Airport, which mainly develops the assembly of large aircraft parts, general aircraft manufacturing assembly and general aviation related services. The overall orientation of the park is to build a design, research and development, production base and navigation comprehensive service base for general aircraft, new aerospace materials, aircraft interiors and parts with leading development advantages.

　　Zhenjiang Road General Airport

　　Industrial agglomeration is formed due to large aircraft projects.

　　In 2009, at that time, the country proposed to gather global wisdom and national strength to develop domestic large aircraft. After winning the bid, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, with military background, built the Aerospace Seahawk, mainly for supporting large aircraft. At the same time, we also hope to promote integration of defense and civilian technologies and promote the industrialization of new materials.

　　After several years’ unremitting efforts, Aerospace Haiying has been successfully promoted from B-corner, a supplier of C919 for Comac, to an exclusive supplier, and has undertaken four work packages, including rear fuselage section, aileron, front fuselage section and vertical tail composite material, of China Comac C919 large passenger aircraft, accounting for more than 40% of all composite parts.

　　It is no accident that the space eagle settled in Zhenjiang, which originated from Zhenjiang’s strong support and encouragement to the aerospace industry. Aerospace industry is one of the six strategic emerging industries in Zhenjiang. On April 25th, 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Planning of the Modernization Demonstration Zone in Southern Jiangsu, which only put forward the requirement for Zhenjiang to build a joint innovation platform for aviation industry in Industry-University-Research relying on Zhenjiang General Aviation Base. In recent years, the aerospace industry has developed rapidly from scratch in Zhenjiang New District, and has become an advantageous and characteristic industry with high visibility and influence in the whole province and even the whole country.

　　More than 30 enterprises in Zhenjiang participated in the research and development of major national projects such as the first domestic large aircraft C919, Yun 20, Jiaolong 600, ARJ21 and AC313, among which 11 enterprises were among the cooperative supporting suppliers of Comac C919, including Zhenjiang New Area Fischer Aviation Parts (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd., Aerospace Haiying Special Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Meilong Aviation Parts Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Golden Flight Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. and other aviation-related enterprises.

　　At present, C919 has 730 orders from 27 customers. The ARJ21 new regional aircraft has 433 orders from 20 customers. In the future, the C919 aircraft project will bring rare development opportunities to these enterprises, and at the same time, it will attract more and more aerospace enterprises to settle here. Zhenjiang City has made all positive preparations for this.

　　Industrial extension due to large aircraft project

　　In addition to supporting enterprises for large aircraft projects, a number of general aviation manufacturing projects have also gathered in the Aerospace Industrial Park of Zhenjiang New District.

　　Relying on the aerospace industry foundation, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park has introduced six general-purpose machine projects, including three fixed-wing aircraft manufacturing projects of German EA500, American Greisel and American Big Brown Bear, and three rotorcraft manufacturing projects of American Schiller helicopter, Anxiang Taiyue aerial drone and Feirui F200 unmanned plant protection machine. In addition, many general aviation manufacturing projects are being considered to settle in Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park.

　　At present, the domestic navigation manufacturing industry develops rapidly in the fields of helicopters and small and medium-sized fixed-wing aircraft with relatively low technical threshold, which are involved in the layout of navigation manufacturing industry in aviation industrial parks everywhere, and the production scale and technical level are constantly improving.

　　In the future, in addition to the supporting enterprises of large aircraft projects, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park will gather more general aviation manufacturing and supporting enterprises, give play to the industrial agglomeration benefits, and promote the R&D and manufacturing development of the general aviation industry. In 2017, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the 13th Five-Year Plan for General Aviation Development, which also clarified "cultivating the regional service function of Dalu General Airport in Zhenjiang New District, supporting the construction of a floating airport by making use of the advantages of rivers, lakes and seas, and exploring the new mode of sharing transportation and general airport management" at Dalu General Airport in Zhenjiang New District. This provides Zhenjiang New Area with stronger infrastructure guarantee and huge development space for developing general aviation amphibious aircraft R&D and manufacturing.

　　According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of the aerospace industry officially released by Zhenjiang New District, it is planned to build "an aviation town"-Dalu Navigation Town. The town will take the aviation industry as the core and rely on the existing industry, airport, airspace and tourism resources to build two bases of "aviation manufacturing" and "navigation operation", and integrate the two industries of "Dongxiang Humanities" and "air sports" to build the aviation industry. In order to better promote the construction and development of "aviation town" and let more people participate in and share the achievements of the development of aerospace industry, the 2017 Zhenjiang New Area Aviation Carnival, with the theme of "flying over dreams and being suitable for Zhenjiang", was held in Zhenjiang New Area from November 17 to 19, 2017, with the support of Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park Management Office, Jiangsu Dalu Aviation Industry Development Co., Ltd. and China Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.

　　There is no doubt that China is a manufacturing power in the world. However, today, the manufacturing pattern of countries in the world is changing. Germany proposes Industry 4.0, the United States proposes re-industrialization, and China also proposes "Made in China 2025", vowing to make China a manufacturing power. At present, although in aviation manufacturing, many high-precision, sophisticated equipment are imported from abroad, and there is still a big gap between domestic equipment and them, it is not that China cannot reach this level. This is a question of quality assurance system. As long as all links are properly controlled and strictly implemented according to standards, China’s equipment can also reach high-precision, sophisticated.

　　At present, Zhenjiang Aerospace Industrial Park is gathering and introducing a number of technologies, new materials, new equipment and computer technologies related to aerospace manufacturing, and building it into a design, research and development, production base and navigation comprehensive service base for general aircraft, new aerospace materials, aircraft interiors and parts with leading development advantages.

　　While developing aerospace and navigation R&D and manufacturing, Zhenjiang Aerospace Industrial Park is also actively promoting industrial landing, developing navigation operations and cultivating aviation culture, thus forming a relatively complete industrial chain and consumer market, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development.