In a narrow sense, data news is "a new way of news reporting based on data grabbing, mining, statistics, analysis and visual presentation." At present, data news has set off a social wave around the world, which has a profound impact on the future development direction of the press. The research and practice of data news in Chinese media and universities started late, and their cognitive and practical level is far lower than that of western media, but it has developed in full swing in recent years. Driven by the strategic idea of media convergence published by General Secretary of Supreme Leader in 2014, Gansu Integrated Media Research and Training Base held the first and second China Data News Competition and Data News Seminar in June 2015 and May 2016 respectively, which received great attention at home and abroad. Based on the comparative analysis of the works of the two competitions, this paper combs the development path of data news from five aspects and puts forward some suggestions.

　　Agenda setting: The China issue has changed from localization to internationalization.

　　In order to facilitate the comparison of works, the reporting topics are set to seven categories, namely, economy, culture, society, politics, environment, education and others. On the premise of unlimited theme, the first work received 86 data news works from academia and industry. Among them, social news (34%) is the main focus of reporting, followed by cultural news (22%) and political news (12%). In the second edition, the reporting requirements are closely combined with the "One Belt, One Road" strategic propaganda, and the use of data news to tell the story of the New Silk Road is advocated, and the government concept is interpreted for readers in a relaxed way. A total of 60 works with strong topics were received, with economic news (22%) accounting for the main reporting area, followed by cultural news (11%) and others (10%) (see Figure 1).

　　The topics of the first work are mostly news points that the global media pay close attention to in a certain period of time, such as social news such as "Tracing back to the source of PM2.5", "When I am old, am I No Country for Old Men" and cultural news such as "The Internet and us" and "Outbound travel, where to play in Chinese in 2014"; The topic of the second work is basically about the international communication of the China issue, which puts the public interest in the international context and seeks the connection between events and individuals. For example, "Where is the next world factory" predicts the next country that will become the world factory due to the demographic dividend by presenting the demographic situation of China and the countries along the Belt and Road that are directly related to the public interest.

　　Data quality: news transparency and value significance have been improved.

　　In the domestic media environment, how to seek, collect and process the complicated and disorderly but extremely important data, and use the data comparison to illustrate the problem vividly is the key point in the research and practice of data journalism, so the data quality is very important.

　　First, the data source. News agencies, previous reports or publications (data published by news agencies, previous reports or other publications), and governments and government organizations (data directly published by governments on government information disclosure websites or government reports) are all data sources for the works of the two competitions, and they show a steady upward trend. News agencies, previous reports or publications (96%), and governments and government organizations (77%) occupy a monopoly position in the second works (.

　　Second, data analysis. Whether the conclusion is derived from data (the conclusion is supported by data), whether the data comes from more than one source or data set, and whether it is demonstrated by comparison (negative example) become the main dimensions to test whether a data news can be deeply analyzed and interpreted. The analysis of data (conclusion received data support, data sets and negative examples) in the second work has a certain proportion higher than that in the first work (see Figure 3).

　　Third, data application. How to use objective and calm data analysis results to scientifically interpret the events concerned by the audience, deeply find the relevant relationships and internal logic, and highlight the intrinsic value of data is the key to the proper application of data. In the two works, the correlation between data and report content is high, accounting for 87% and 96% respectively; In data processing, the ability of the second session (57%) to process data is slightly higher than that of the first session (48%); In terms of overall data quality, the data transparency and credibility of the second edition (54%) are slightly higher than that of the first edition (44%) (see Figure 4).

　　Fourth, data performance. The expression of data is directly related to the user’s understanding of data news works. According to statistical analysis, the proportion of visualization in the first and second works is 84% and 89% respectively. Visualization means that the visual design of data news can be understood at a glance. For example, visualization includes related descriptive words (clear titles in horizontal and vertical axes), no spelling mistakes, consistent fonts, correct units, etc.

　　Design presentation: the way tends to be diversified and interactive.

　　Compared with traditional news reports, data news in the era of big data pays more and more attention to the interactivity of layout design and the expression of creativity. The information and perspectives it receives can be defined by the audience themselves, bringing the audience into the news, and the autonomy and individuality of the audience are realized and respected. At the same time, it improves the accuracy of news reports and presents the whole picture for the audience as much as possible. According to statistics, the first work was mainly composed of static infographics (53%), while the second work was mainly composed of static infographics and dynamic interactive infographics (59%) (see Figure 5).

　　For example, in the first work, "Tracing back to the source of PM2.5" and "Where did you go to play in Chinese in 2014" mainly presented the data relationship through concise and clear infographics, and outlined the content to be expressed. In the second work, "Counting the Steel Silk Road: the China-Europe Railway connecting Asia and Europe" is presented visually mainly in the form of two large maps, using the magic mirror as a visual data analysis platform, and presenting different data values with various charts that conform to the characteristics of the data itself.

　　Technology application: news business is more refined.

　　The first is data mining and analysis tools. The exploration and practice of data news requires that unknown and valuable information and knowledge can be excavated from a large number of data by means of statistics, artificial intelligence and machine learning. The first works are mainly Excel(85%), Others (41%), SPSS(19%) and Tableau(18%), while the second works are mainly Excel(98%), Tableau(23%), SPSS(21%) and Python(21%). Among them, other data mining tools mainly include R language, orange, Mahout, import.io, octopus, etc. (see Figure 6). It can be seen that data news producers use a variety of data mining tools, and the proportion of Excel, Tableau and Python has increased.

　　Followed by data visualization tools. Compared with traditional news, the visualization of data news is presented to users in the form of visual and interesting information charts through massive complex data and related information such as geography or time, and it is abstracted into concrete. The first works were mainly visualized by other tools (68%), Photoshop(51%) and Baidu Illustration (39%), while the second works were more visualized by other tools (46%), Photoshop(45%) and Echarts(36%).

　　Narrative style: the ability to tell stories needs to be improved.

　　Simon Rogers, editor of the Guardian data blog, believes that "data news is not a graphic or visual effect, but the best way to tell stories, but sometimes stories are told with visual effects or maps." According to statistics, the ability of the first work (23%) to tell news stories through big data is slightly better than that of the second work (19%), but it cannot be ignored that there is still a lot of room for improvement in how to choose the best angle to present data, the correlation between audiences and the story-telling of the most valuable news.

　　In the first wORk, "How did the ancients escape the summer?" "If this is not love, my mother is so sad." "Buying a house or trading stocks" presents the relationship between boring data and the audience in the form of interesting stories, which has achieved good communication effects. In the second work, "Counting Dunhuang" tells the artistic story of Dunhuang silk through big data, which combines humanistic storytelling with science and has certain pioneering significance.

　　Deficiency and reflection: five suggestions to promote the better development of data news

　　First of all, from the choice of topics, although the focus of data news has gradually expanded to be more in line with the world, based on the country and looking at the world, the most crucial thing is how to find the connection between events and audience individuals in the choice of topics, that is, news transparency.

　　Secondly, from the perspective of data quality, data is not only a resource of data news, but also a tool for data news expression. Therefore, data news calls for open data sets to enhance credibility. In addition, producers need to actively involve the audience with the concept of open source.

　　Third, from the design point of view, producers can use a variety of design methods (exquisite charts, dynamic maps, schematic diagrams, explanatory illustrations), but one thing that cannot be ignored is whether the information conveyed to the audience is accurate. Therefore, in addition to design, there is also a key step in creating charts-to ensure that the information provided to the public is accurate.

　　Fourthly, from the perspective of technology application, with the help of audio, video, images and other visual AIDS, data news works maximize the integration of the audience’s senses and enhance the audience’s immersion experience. Therefore, compound talents and teamwork have become essential elements for data news to gain extensive wisdom and technical support and inject mature and high-quality content.

　　Fifth, in terms of narrative mode, in the era of big data, data visualization is only a tool to realize news narration, and the most crucial thing lies in the news story itself and its internal logical structure. How to make the audience know the news facts more deeply requires producers to constantly explore the deep and valuable news stories, enhance the personal experience of users, and avoid giving people the illusion of fragmentation and fast food. (Text/Chen Jiyin Liu Yingqi)

2024 Wang Feng’s "Brilliant You" Tour

Xiamen Railway Station Official Announcement

October 26, Xiamen, Ludao

To shout, to release, to shine

Passionate and free vitality

Let’s experience the charm of the rock music scene together

Wang Feng’s "Brilliant You" Tour – Xiamen Station

[Performance time]

October 26, 2024 (Saturday) 19:00

[Performance Location]

Xiamen Olympic Sports Center – Phoenix Stadium

[Performance ticket price]

Infield 980/780 Stand 580/480

[It will be on sale soon, scan the code to make an appointment to grab tickets]

Fenplay Island

barley

Love straw ticket

Meituan cat eye

The theme of "brilliant you" originated from Wang Feng’s experience and understanding of the ups and downs of life.

Perhaps you are experiencing academic training, perhaps you are passing through the rise and fall of the industry, or perhaps you are unable to distinguish between the lows and peaks of life. All of these, Wang Feng has experienced the same experience as you.

He firmly believes that all the confusion, hardship, and helplessness you have been and are going through cannot hide your brilliance.

He knows how hard-won the brilliance, happiness, and sweetness that is melting you.

Therefore, there is "The Brilliant You".

Over the past 30 years, Wang Feng has been thrown into the trend of public opinion from time to time.

But what the most demanding people can’t deny is that his work represents the highest level of Chinese pop music creation and production, and is able to continuously create and release an album for two years.

This tour, Wang Feng himself was deeply involved in the stage production, and with his attitude of excellence, he pursued detailed design as always, striving to present the audience with a refreshing performance scene.

In this tour playlist, in addition to the popular classic songs at different stages of Wang Feng’s creative career, there will be more precious works that will be rearranged and rehearsed and put on the stage.

either

"In Spring" Reflections on Life

The deep confusion and nostalgia of "Beijing"

"A Life in Full Bloom" The Surging Pride

The tenacity and passion of "Light"

The Prospective Reflection of "Existence"

****

This year, let us meet again in Wang Feng’s musical works, experience the hearty scene, and experience the true meaning and beautiful value of life in the long river of time.

When Wang Feng’s passionate heartbeat sounded in the music world,

You and I are still exploring in confusion…

Thirty years have passed, regardless of the changes of the times and cultural deductions,

Wang Feng’s name and music have never been absent.

Nowadays, with the echoes of music, ripples ripple in our hearts.

Small dots of light can also gather brilliant galaxies

All living beings, everyone is a "brilliant you"

October 26, Xiamen Rock Live

Let’s witness the most "brilliant you" together.

Original title: "Wang Feng official announcement! October 26th in Xiang’an, let’s swing together!"

Read the original text

　　Recently, "Sheep Got a Sheep" has exploded the circle of friends. Among many players, some people play until the early hours of the morning, some people fall short of their anger value, some people study hard to crack the raiders, and some people have silently memorized the advertising lines … … Others understand life through games — — The card face is very complicated, and the difficulties are layer after layer. There are only a few slots, but no one wants to forget it.

　　With the explosion of the game, there are various questions around the game. In this regard, Zhang Jiaxu, the founding team of "A Sheep" and the founder of Jianyou Technology, admitted that the players’ joys and sorrows can be accepted. "This means that he really participated."

　　No algorithmic control

　　Put the game experience first.

　　At 10 o’clock on the evening of September 15th, Zhang Jiaxu walked out of the simple tour office and went into the kebab shop to buy dinner for the team.

　　The young team in the room are all working at full capacity. The corner of the office is piled with the latest rations — — Boxes of drinks, mineral water, half-eaten cakes and moon cakes. On this day, Zhang Jiaxu’s mobile phone is not idle for a moment.

　　Beiqing Daily: Why is the game called "Sheep Made a Sheep"?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: If there is no other consideration, I hope that users can remember it. Sometimes the name that comes out of hard thinking is not so interesting. Playing games and playing games are actually the same, both of which are a kind of playing mentality.

　　Beiqing Daily: Can anyone pass the second level?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: Of course. Yesterday, we saw a host broadcasting LOL live. He was playing "Sheep Got a Sheep" and suddenly passed the test. He immediately jumped up to celebrate. He was so excited that LOL stopped broadcasting and shouted "Pass the test, pass the test" with his mobile phone. In the final analysis, in our hearts, the bottom line of social games is truth and fairness. According to the internet, we have algorithmic control, absolutely not.

　　Beiqing Daily: Some screenshots circulated on the Internet show that the last few pieces cannot be eliminated. Is this a bug?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: The arrangement method and parallax make people feel that there are only two pieces left. In fact, there are still under these two squares, but they are just stacked. If there are random shuffling props at this time, they will pass.

　　Beiqing Daily: Many players are criticizing this game. What do you think?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: We can accept players’ likes or curses. When the player is emotional, it actually means that he really participates and thinks the game is fun.

　　Beiqing Daily: Some netizens said that the game on the short video platform is relatively simple. Is that right?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: Absolutely impossible. There is a lot of piracy now, and I can only guarantee that our games are the same on all platforms. In fact, it will be easier if players from different platforms are placed under different servers. But we try our best to integrate the game under one server, just hoping that all players can play the game together. This atmosphere is very important. If different platforms play their own games, the feeling will change.

　　These choices are the most difficult for us. For the fun of the game, no matter how difficult it is, we have to carry it over. We can’t choose to disperse players just because we are worried about the pressure on the server. We have our own requirements and rules for social games, and the game experience must be the first.

　　Beiqing Daily: How do you understand social games?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: Let me give you an example. If friends chat is added to the game, it is the game+social elements. But now all our games are designed based on the social system.

　　Players spit, complain, and seek friends’ cooperation and help, which will stimulate social points. When the game is challenging, how difficult it is, how excited he is when he passes the customs. We saw someone posting that "I’m going to put it in my resume after passing the customs". You can feel the excitement of the game for him, which is the fun of the game.

　　Team members "become monks halfway"

　　Net transmission revenue data is not true.

　　Beiqing Daily: Did you expect this game to explode?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: Not at all. It has far exceeded expectations. I have done Pirates Coming before, and the highest number is 25 million DAU (the number of daily active users). I have also witnessed 9 million DAU of Idiom Little Scholar before. I have experienced these big DAU products, but now the data of "Sheep Has a Sheep" has completely exceeded my cognition.

　　Beiqing Daily: Is the revenue data of "Sheep Got a Sheep" circulating on the Internet true?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: Those are fake. We didn’t open the banner window on this project. Normally, banner’s income can account for a large part of operating income. However, for the sake of the player experience, we are afraid that the player will miss the operation, so we have removed all these banner and removed the content that is detrimental to the user experience. Now only the advertising video is added, or it is added on the basis of not affecting the game itself. Players can experience the game content normally without watching the video. We are the kind of people who simply make content products.

　　Beiqing Daily: What are you busy with now?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: In addition to dealing with the attack, what we need to do is to hope that the heat will come down. Now everyone is over-interpreting what we said before.

　　(Looking at the mobile phone) Alas, it crashed again. We have been attacked these days because many pirated games are online. They want to attack us, as long as we hang up our game, players don’t know whose game it is, so they play theirs. These are things we didn’t prepare, and we didn’t think of them at all.

　　Recently, team members will basically work all night, and the small partners in technical positions will work harder. When they are tired, they will go to the lounge upstairs. Other small partners are also continuing to work hard for this project. The skin of our WeChat red envelope is ready and ready to find opportunities to distribute it to players.

　　Beiqing Daily: How was "Sheep Made a Sheep" planned?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: We have two main planners, and the rest of the main creative team members will also participate. Finally, I will make the balance. The three groups that developed "The Sheep Made a Sheep" have interesting backgrounds. One of the planners was a little girl in 1998, who used to work in administration. We valued her enthusiasm and recruited her. I didn’t expect her to have a strong learning ability. One is the creator development from Android to IOS, and he built the server by himself. We don’t have much budget, and this little friend writes while learning. The "art" of this game used to be a heavy game, and this is the first time to play a casual game.

　　Our team hasn’t improved for a long time, so I advised them to "wait, work harder and work harder". Later, on a small project, "A Sheep Got a Sheep" was mutated. We did this game for three months, and finally found this design the most interesting. After revision, it was directly launched. The success of "Sheep Made a Sheep" is attributed to every small partner in the team. We got together because of our love, and we always felt that we would have a chance to prove ourselves. Unexpectedly, this small project suddenly caught fire, and we have invested more in the main project, and there is no progress yet.

　　I hope the heat will come down.

　　Give happiness to real players.

　　Beiqing Daily: When did you decide to play social games?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: I came from a "technical" background. After graduating from college, I played games with a friend’s entrepreneurial team. Later, I joined the game factory, and I came out to start a business again last year, trying to prove myself by playing games myself.

　　The simple tour is also set up to make good games, play fun games and connect people. The team is a small partner who really plays games, and the moral of the simple tour is to play simple and fun games.

　　Beiqing Daily: What did you say to the team these days when the game exploded?

　　Zhang Jiaxu: I told them, everyone here, this is definitely something we should be proud of in our life. We thought it would be enough to earn 100 thousand yuan for this game, but now it has far exceeded our expectations. Do we have any other hopes? Not really.

　　So I told everyone that no matter what happens, we should treat it with a normal heart. This is not our last game. If this company wants to continue, we will continue to produce better games. Don’t be fooled by these things.

　　From my point of view, running a company itself is like a game. Whether you are a company or a game, everyone is a player in the game. I respect every player and every employee. I treat my employees the way I treat my players.

　　I hope everyone plays games for fun. We don’t want to cause such a big discussion, because the game will quarrel and grab hot search, which will affect social resources too much, which makes the game meaningless.

　　Friends who like to play this game can play quietly; If you don’t like it, turn around and leave, we won’t stay, and give happiness to the real players. We just made a little game, and we don’t want this thing to ferment all the time. Now that the heat has cooled down, I am actually very happy and finally return to the essence of our game.

　　This edition/Deng Peijun Our reporter Zhang Zhiyi Co-ordinates/Lin Yan Zhang Bin

　　Chaoliu archives

　　"The sheep gave birth to a sheep" is a small game to break through the customs, and the customs clearance rate is less than 0.1%. The game is to find three identical patterns in the overlapping squares and put them in the lower card slot to eliminate them. Up to 7 cards can be stored in the card slot. The home page of the game also has a player ranking table, which ranks players in different regions. After the game is cleared, it can enter the regional list to help the regional ranking.

　　According to the enterprise survey data, Beijing Jianyou Technology Co., Ltd. is jointly held by Zhang Jiaxu, Xiamen Thunder Network Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing Leshan Technology Co., Ltd., among which Xiamen Thunder Network is a subsidiary of Gigabit, which became a shareholder in June 2022 and holds 10% of the shares of Jianyou Technology, making it the second largest shareholder.

　　According to the relevant information, Jianyou Technology has registered the software copyright of "Sheep Made a Sheep". The first publication date of the game is June 13, and the registration approval date is July 29.

On March 25th, the Hi4 version of Great Wall Motor Haval’s second-generation big dog was officially launched today, and a configuration of 102km Chaodian Plus was sold for 179,800 yuan.

The shape of the new car maintains the design of the existing Haval second-generation big dog, which is officially called "Tidal Wild Power Aesthetics", with a chrome-plated matrix grille and a large area of blackened front face to highlight its wildness. The side of the car body adopts retro tough shape, high body, muscular wheel eyebrows and rich waistline, and the visual effect is very eye-catching.

The approach angle of the car is 24, the departure angle is 30 and the longitudinal passing angle is 19. It is equipped with 540 scene image (360 panoramic image+180 transparent chassis)+wheel viewing angle. The official has not released the new car size information yet. As a reference, the PHEV version of Haval’s second-generation big dog has a body size of 4705mm/1908mm/1780mm and a wheelbase of 2810 mm.

The center console of the new car is equipped with a larger 12.3-inch full LCD instrument+14.6-inch central control color screen, supporting 9-inch W-HUD head-up display, and L2+level assisted driving, with a built-in high-speed NOH intelligent navigation assisted driving system.

In terms of power, the new car is equipped with Hi4 intelligent electric hybrid four-wheel drive system, with a comprehensive power of 278 kW and a comprehensive torque of 750 Nm. The comprehensive fuel consumption of WLTC is 1.83L per 100 kilometers, which supports 33kW fast charging. At the same time, the car supports 220V external discharge with a discharge power of 3.3kW.

The car’s intelligent four-wheel drive system is also equipped with iTVC intelligent torque vector control system, which provides seven driving modes including snow mode and mud mode. The official details of this model attached to IT House are as follows:

　　[Car Culture Car Life] Although it is nearly a year before the release on June 27th, 2014, the news about the upcoming models in Transformers 4 has already been flying all over the sky. Since Transformers king kong 2, it seems that looking forward to the car model in the next movie has become the "worry" of every movie fan and car fan. After careful counting, 10 car characters in Transformers 4 have been exposed on the Internet one after another. It’s time for them to come out of Xiu Xiu and show off the powerful lineup of autobots in Transformers 4.

◆The background story of Transformers:

　　Tens of millions of years ago, the pentahedron, an intelligent life in the universe, created Cybertron. On this planet, there are two production lines for making autobots. The autobots produced on these two production lines have no thoughts, no distinction between right and wrong, and their fighting ability is far below that of the pentahedron. It is for this reason that thousands of autobots have become slaves of the five-faced monster, living under its rule day and night, and the imprint left on them is the symbol of autobots.

　　11 million years ago, the autobots on Cybertron overthrew the rule of the five-faced monster under the leadership of Alpha Trion, but the more brutal killing has just begun. In order to compete for the dominance of Cybertron, military autobots and civilian autobots fought with their lives. Since then, the planet Cybertron has been shrouded in endless wars. It was not until Cybertron’s resources were exhausted that the Decepticons, led by Megatron, brought the war to the earth again. …

　　From Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Megatron to Heng Pao, Tin Sheet and Shock Wave, the autobots on Cybertron have been fighting on the big screen of the earth people for more than six years, but the audience never seem to be tired of the "Transformers" series. Every film will bring fresh characters, the hottest cars at the moment and the overwhelming movie special effects. Without much words, let’s take a closer look at Transformers 4 and see this time.

◆Synopsis:

　　The story of Transformers 4 is followed by Transformers: Dark of the Moon. It has been four years since Chicago was destroyed. Autobots and Decepticons have disappeared from the earth’s surface, and everything seems to be calm.

　　However, at this time, a group of powerful businessmen and clever scientists tried to use the technology of Transformers to push human science and technology beyond their control. At the same time, an ancient and powerful transformer force is aiming at the earth, and a war about good and evil, freedom and slavery will start again.

◆Brief introduction of exposure models of Transformers 4;

　　At present, it has been confirmed that there are 10 models that will appear in Transformers 4, five of which have not revealed their true identities, but this does not affect our introduction of the vehicles themselves. If you think these vehicles are more suitable for the image of Transformers, please leave a message to communicate with us, and maybe the truth is in your hands.

●Autobots:

Character: Optimus Prime
Model: customized Daimler Western Star semi (Western Star Semitrailer)

　　As the leader of Autobots, Optimus Prime has long been the embodiment of justice in people’s minds. Not only that, Optimus Prime’s wisdom, judgment and leadership are also highlighted in the long-term battle with the Decepticons. In addition to sweeping the battlefield, Optimus Prime’s image of a blue-and-red autobot is also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Not long ago, Optimus Prime’s image in Transformers 4 was exposed, and the corresponding vehicle information also surfaced.

　　In the film, the prototype of Optimus Prime, the leader of Autobots, is Western Star semi, which is one of the subsidiaries of Daimler Group in Germany. The company is located in Portland, Oregon, USA, and mainly produces and operates heavy trucks and semi-trailers.

　　As early as 1967, the predecessor of the "Western Star" company was established, then it was called White Western Star, and its factory was located in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Since then, the Western Star has undergone many changes and was acquired by an Australian businessman named Terry Peabody in 1990. However, the Western Star has gone from bad to worse in the next 10 years, until it was acquired by the North American department of Daimler Group in Germany in 2000. Since then, the Western Star factory has also moved to Portland, Oregon.

　　Western Star has four series of models, of which 4700 series is the basic model of the brand, while 6900 series is the largest heavy truck, which is mainly responsible for logging, mining and other infrastructure projects. At present, although we don’t know the specific model of Optimus Prime prototype, the iconic red and blue color scheme will not change. The huge chrome-plated vertical front grille on the front face is matched with six towering exhaust pipes in the front of the car. The image of Optimus Prime is full of domineering.

　　In addition, in order to meet the requirements of the role Optimus Prime in the play, the interior and power parts of this Western Star semi-trailer truck have all been customized, and how it performs in the film remains to be seen.

Character: bumblebee
Model: 1967 Chevrolet Camaro SS/ Chevrolet Camaro Concept Car

　　Judging from its appearance or ability, Bumblebee is definitely not an eye-catching role in the autobots’ family, but this big guy with a high-profile yellow coat and a silly smile is a household name, and has almost become the most popular autobot in the "Transformers" series. There are not only directors and screenwriters, but also the prototype Chevrolet Camaro SS of Bumblebee.

　　It is understood that in Transformers 4, the Bumblebee will continue to cross between the 1960s and the modern era, and the crew had to choose two prototypes for it. In 1967, the Chevrolet Camaro SS was full of retro flavor and muscular style, but the newly launched Camaro concept car was surprising.

　　This bumblebee was born in 1967. At that time, in order to seize the market with Ford Mustang, Chevrolet specially created such a Chevrolet Camaro. The retro Camaro is no longer painted in yellow, and the color scheme based on black and gray highlights the sense of strength of the first generation Camaro SS. The wide black front grille on the front of the car is full of wildness. If you don’t look carefully, you will even think that this car is not equipped with headlights. Not only that, this Chevrolet Camaro SS also adopts an exaggerated wide-body design, with a muscular body and wide tires. This 1967 Chevrolet Camaro SS is not only retro, but also very domineering.

　　In terms of power, the first generation Chevrolet Camaro has 3.8L and 4.1L six-cylinder engines and 4.9L, 5.0L, 5.4L, 5.7L, 6.5L and 7.0L V8 engines to choose from. The Camaro SS is equipped with 5.7L and 6.5L V8 engines, and its maximum output power is 299 HP, 330 HP, 355 HP and 380 HP respectively.

　　Corresponding to this is the latest concept version of Chevrolet Camaro. I believe that everyone has seen this "lazy" shape more than once. It is not so ugly as it seems a little uncoordinated, just like Schwarzenegger’s body with Justin Bieber’s face. Is it a handsome man or a macho man? Maybe I won’t know until I have seen Change of Heart 4.

Person: Inspector (Hound)
Model: Oshkosh defense military tactical armored vehicle

　　This autobot named Inspector will make his debut in Transformers 4. In fact, as early as 1984, Inspector appeared in the first Transformers cartoon as a 4×4 military jeep. At that time, Inspector was the shortest among many autobots. But don’t underestimate this military jeep. At that time, it had a missile launcher, a light machine gun and a heavy machine gun with holographic images.

　　The detective in the cartoon has a strong tracking ability. He loves the earth and secretly hopes that he will become a human being and stay away from the war between autobots. The detective in the movie Transformers 4 has obviously become a lot taller and more powerful, and his character and fighting ability in the play are undoubtedly the focus of attention.

　　The prototype of Inspector Hound, who will make his debut in the movie Transformers 4, is Oshkosh defense medium tactical vehicles. The mention of Oshkosh Company dates back to nearly a century ago. In 1917, Oshkosh Industrial Company, which is responsible for the production and construction of truck vehicles and bodies, was established in the United States. Today, this company, which has experienced nearly a century of development and changes, has a total of 12,300 employees all over the country. Its main business is divided into vehicle sales, production equipment sales, national defense supply and fire-fighting and emergency vehicle production.

　　The car in the play belongs to the company’s medium-sized military armored vehicle, which is specially supplied to the army. Although it is not huge, its shape is still fierce. The wide front with heavy all-terrain tires makes it work normally even under bad conditions, and its camouflage painting can better show its identity as a military armored vehicle.

　　Judging from the picture, this car should be a 6×6 extended technical armored vehicle, with a maximum payload of 4500kg, a maximum traction load of 9500kg and a maximum output power of 340 HP, using an automatic gearbox. It is worth mentioning that in order to enhance the dynamic performance of vehicles, a special fuel called JP-8 is widely used in the US military, and its performance is similar to that of jet propellant. According to insiders’ prediction, the US military will not phase out this aviation fuel before 2025.

Predictor: Ultra Magnus.
Model: 2014 Folena Argosy heavy truck tractor.

　　As the successor of the autobot leader Optimus Prime, ultra magnus has incredible fighting capacity, courage and unparalleled battlefield talent, and is a well-deserved autobot leader after Optimus Prime.

　　Ultra magnus himself, however, doesn’t think so. He thinks from the bottom of his heart that he is just a follower, not a commander. He thinks that only executing orders is his most handy thing. Although ultra magnus is very modest and low-key, he still shares some leadership work for Optimus Prime, and fairness, courage and determination are his leadership ideas.

　　It is possible to appear as ultra magnus in Transformers 4. Agassi heavy truck produced by Folena Company. Folena Company was founded in 1942, and its main business is to produce and sell heavy trucks and semi-trailers. At present, it is also a subsidiary of Daimler Group, which is its North American branch.

　　Agassi series heavy trucks were born around 2000, which was a famous fist product of Folena company in that year. However, due to some unknown reasons, the sales of this heavy truck have been suspended in North America. At present, we can only see real cars in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand markets.

　　At present, the 2014 Folena Agassi truck is still in the concept stage. From its sharp front face, it can be seen that there is some connection between it and the autobots. The three-point blue light source above the front windshield is very similar to the detection radar, and the color matching of black and gray in the middle and lower part of the front also reveals a strong mechanical style. In addition, the sharp headlights on this car are quite similar to the half-squinted eyes of autobots.

Character: Leadfoot
Forecast model: Chevrolet Impala Nascar racing car
Note: This model is exposed by some foreign media and has not been officially confirmed.

　　In 1994, the role of Leadfoot was first introduced into Transformers comics, in which it belonged to the autobots camp. There is no doubt that its most commendable place is these feet. In the robot state, it can move at a high speed of nearly 290 kilometers per hour, and in the car state, its moving speed is even higher. Not only that, it also has powerful radar artillery, and even the Decepticons with the strongest fighting ability are afraid of his three points.

　　The prototype car that will play the role of Shenxing Taibao in the film Transformers 4 is the Chevrolet Impala Nascar. The Chevrolet Antelope series was born in 1958, and has been launched for ten generations now, but its development process is not as smooth as it seems. After 1985, the Antelope went through a production stoppage for nearly ten years, and finally resumed production in 1994, and got back on the right track.

　　It is understood that the prototype of Shenxing Taibao in Transformers 4 will still be the Chevrolet Impala version of Nascar racing car. The wide body and excellent aerodynamic design make it extremely stable at high speed. In order to adapt to the competition environment, the car has also redesigned the chassis suspension and braking system, and the rear spoiler is fixed at 70 degrees upwards.

　　In order to fit its autobot image in the film, it adds various combat equipment such as machine guns and heavy artillery on the basis of cool painting, and adds exaggerated wide-body encirclement and various mechanical devices around the car body, making the whole car look like an alien visitor. I don’t know if there will be more scenes in the regrouped Shenxing Taibao than in transformers 3.

●Unknown role:

Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4

　　Aventador LP 700-4, which debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in 2011, borrowed a lot from Reventon’s design ideas and changed the simple and bright design language of Lamborghini flagship sports cars such as Diablo and Murcielago. The LP 700-4 adopts a large number of polygonal designs, and the flat and low body makes it full of strength. The large air intake in front of the car seems to swallow everything, and the introduction of Y-shaped daytime running lights makes it highly recognizable. Different from those "predecessors", the scissor door of LP 700-4 does not open vertically, but tilts slightly outward, which makes it more convenient for passengers to get in and out.

　　Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 adopts a monolithic cockpit made of all-carbon fiber composite material. The chassis is also made of carbon fiber and the frame is made of aluminum alloy. Aventador LP 700-4 adopts horizontal suspension with front and rear transverse pushrods. This suspension type first appeared on Lamborghini mass-produced sports cars, so the suspension structure and the involvement of a large number of electronic auxiliary equipment make LP 700-4 extremely "docile". The LP 700-4 front wheel is also equipped with a hydraulic suspension lifting system, which can raise the front of the vehicle by 40mm to improve its practicability.

　　Lamborghini Adventor LP 700-4 is equipped with a naturally aspirated V12 engine with a displacement of 6.5 liters, with a maximum power of 700 HP (515 kW)/8,250 rpm and a maximum torque of 690 N m/5,500 rpm. The engine is matched with a 7-speed ISR gearbox (upgraded version of E-Gear gearbox), and the top speed of LP 700-4 can reach 350 km/h. In addition, multi-cylinder closing technology has also been applied to LP 700-4. In economy mode, the V12 engine will close six cylinders in order to achieve higher economy.

2014 Chevrolet Corvette C7 Stingray

　　The Chevrolet Corvette C7 Stingray released in north american auto show in 2013 is the 7th generation model of this car series. The first generation Corvette was born in 1953, which has been baptized for 60 years. At the same time, it is the first time that Stingray’s name has returned to the Corvette model after 1976.

　　The design of Corvette C7 Stingray is very dynamic, and the slender hood is covered with rich lines, which makes it look very muscular. Xenon lamps and LED daytime running lights first appeared on Corvette. The five-spoke double-ribbed rim, the L-shaped air inlet on the side and the exhaust tailpipe with four outlets in the middle show a fierce side. According to different configurations, the new car has 18-20 inches of various rims to choose from.

　　In addition, the car also uses an aluminum frame body, which reduces the weight of the car body by 45kg and improves the strength of the car body by 57%. At the same time, the application of carbon fiber engine cover and Double bubble removable roof has further reduced the weight of this car by 17kg. The car continues the design of the previous generation, using front and rear double wishbone suspension, and the elastic element of shock absorber is leaf spring. According to the official, the new generation of Corvette Stingray has been lightweight and upgraded in every component, and the front and rear weight ratio has been controlled to 50:50.

　　In terms of power, it is equipped with a 6.2-liter V8 naturally aspirated engine with recalibrated code LT1. This engine has in-cylinder direct injection and continuously variable valve timing technology. The maximum power output is 456 HP (335kW)/6500rpm, and the peak torque is 610 N m/1000-4500 rpm. The engine is matched with a 7-speed manual transmission and a 6-speed automatic transmission. Its 0-100km/h acceleration time is 4.2 seconds, and its top speed is 306 km/h.

Bugatti Grand Sport Vitesse

　　At the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, Bugatti released Weihang Grand Sport Vitesse. The car was developed based on the Grand Sport convertible model. In terms of appearance, the design of the Grand Sport Vitesse comes from the top performance version of Bugatti Weihang Super Sport, and the aerodynamic kits around the car body will provide better high-speed stability for the Grand Sport Vitesse. This also makes it the strongest and largest supercar in history.

　　The design of the side of the car body gives more consideration to aerodynamic factors. The rounded and full lines make the air resistance of the whole car more excellent, especially the air intake design above the seat and at the back of the door, which is completely to meet the strong suction demand of this W16 mid-engine. Moreover, in order to satisfy the appetite of this big guy, Bugatti’s designer also equipped it with a 100-liter large fuel tank. Even so, you can’t do whatever you want, because the whole tank of Bugatti Vitesse oil can only keep the engine working for 12 minutes at its extreme speed. Imagine how disappointing it would be if the engine turned off while enjoying the passion brought by extreme speed.

　　In terms of power, Weihang Grand Sport Vitesse is equipped with the same 8.0L W16 four-turbo engine as Weihang Super Sport, with a maximum power of 1,200 HP (882 kW)/6,400 rpm and a maximum torque of 1,500 N m/3,000-5,000 rpm. The engine is matched with a 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox. 0-100km/h acceleration takes 2.5 seconds, 0-200km/h acceleration takes only 7.3 seconds, and the top speed can reach 410 km/h.

Pagani Huayra

　　At the 2011 Geneva Motor Show, pagani released the Huayra supercar, which was introduced to replace the Zonda model in pagani. Huayra means "Fengshen" in Spanish, and it is another car whose name is attached to the wind after Zonda.

　　Pagani Huayra continues Zonda’s style, which is streamlined as a whole. The front face is designed as a wedge-shaped nose, and the compartment is partially water-drop-shaped. The doors are opened by gull-wing doors, and the body is made of a large number of carbon fiber materials. Pagani Huayra has a body size of 4605mm×2036mm×1169mm and a wheelbase of 2795 mm. The power transmission system adopts the layout of central rear drive.

　　Compared with Zonda, Huayra’s interior space is more spacious, which improves the ride comfort. For the interior, Huayra uses different colors of leather, aluminum and carbon fiber to arrange the interior space. In terms of power, Huayra in pagani is equipped with a 6.0L twin-turbo engine from the high-performance department of Mercedes-Benz AMG, with a maximum output of 730 HP, a maximum torque of 1000N·m, an acceleration time of 3.3 seconds at 0-60mph(0-97km/h) and a top speed of 370km/h, which is matched with an AMT sequential gearbox with seven gears.

Chevrolet Sonic RS (aiweiou RS)

　　At the Detroit Auto Show in 2012, Chevrolet released the Sonic RS (domestic Sonic is Aiwei Europe) model. Chevrolet Sonic was born in GM’s latest small car platform, which is a fashionable sports hatchback specially built for young people, while the high-performance version of Sonic RS is an out-and-out small steel gun model.

　　Compared with the ordinary Sonic model, Sonic RS has undergone some upgrades in appearance and interior. The redesigned bumper and fog lights appear on the car, the RS logo on the car body indicates the identity, and the 17-inch wheels are full of movement. In terms of interior, Chevrolet Sonic RS adopts a competitive interior design, including a sports steering wheel with a flat bottom design, a sports seat and an aluminum sports pedal.

　　In terms of power, Chevrolet Sonic RS uses a 1.4-liter Ecotec turbocharged engine with a maximum power output of 138 HP and a peak torque of 200 N m. The transmission system is equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission. Judging from the exposed stills, the Sonic RS appearing in Transformers 4 will be a rally car version, and its shape will be sharper.

Summary:

　　For movies with powerful computer stunts and fierce fighting scenes such as Transformers, the story itself doesn’t seem so important. A dazzling luxury car, beautiful women and wonderful fighting scenes can bring big sales at the box office. Even though people have labeled them "popcorn movies", the "Transformers" crew has spared no effort to introduce and redesign the image of autobots. However, whether these "big names" in the automobile circle can be bought by cinema audiences will not be known until the release of "Transformers 4". (Text/Figure car home Chen Lei)

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> > Click on car home Culture Team to enter the interesting world of automobiles < <

　　On September 3rd, 2016, Ducati China released its brand-new entry-level sports car, Ducati 959 Panigale. This is a brand-new model, which is used to replace ducati 899 Panigale which was sold in China before. The price of Ducati 959 Panigale is 178,000 RMB, setting a new low for Ducati Superbike.

　

　　Ducati called the 959 Panigale a Supermid model sports car. It is not only the product of the simple cylinder expansion of the 899 Panigale, but also a thorough magic change of the Superquadro L twin-cylinder engine carried by the 899 Panigale. Among them, the crankshaft and valves are redesigned, and the crankcase uses the same vacuum die casting technology as 1299 Panigale, which makes the lightweight and durability of the whole vehicle reach a new height.

　　Before listing, some netizens were discussing whether the 959 Panigale will adopt the same concealed exhaust design as the American version after it is introduced into China, but after seeing the real car today, it can be confirmed that the 959 Panigale introduced into China will adopt the same standard as the European version and adopt side exhaust, which will be a big blow to friends who only look at the appearance.

　　Ducati 959 Panigale is equipped with a Super Quadro L twin-cylinder engine with a displacement of 955 cc. The maximum power is 115kW(156Ps)/10500rpm, and the maximum torque is 107.4Nm/9000rpm, which is a great improvement compared with 899 Panigale. SHOWA (Showa) and SACHS (Sachs) brand shock absorbers will all appear on the 959 Panigale as standard configuration, and the electronic auxiliary equipment has not been castrated.

　　Summary: 959 Panigale was born at the end of 2015 and introduced to China in the second half of this year. It can be seen that China, Ducati attaches great importance to the domestic high-end motorcycle market. The super middleweight model is matched with a surprise price of 178,000 yuan, which is enough for the 959 Panigale to play the medium weight, and it is in a very favorable position in the sports car market. Finally, it is certain that Ducati 959 Panigale will be the most powerful sports car that can be bought within 180,000 yuan.

The Central Radio and Television General Station participated in the 31st China News Award.

Publicity of news papers and works

　 　 　 On May 10th, the selection meeting of news papers for the 31st China Prize for Journalism was held. After discussion, evaluation and voting, three papers were selected from 14 candidate papers to participate in the selection of news papers in the 31st China Prize for Journalism. The participating works are now publicized.

　 　 　 According to the "China News Award Selection Method": the works to be recommended will be publicized on the public news website for at least 5 working days, and the publicity period for the news papers of the China News Award will be from May 17 to May 21, 2021. All departments are requested to inform the personnel of their own departments of the publicity contents in a timely manner. Departments or individuals can put forward written opinions to the Academic Liaison Department of the Innovation and Development Research Center for the problems existing in the publicity works, and will not accept them after the deadline.

　 　 　 Tel: 85057327, 85057328, 85057329, 85057330; E-mail: xsllb@cnr.cn.

Central radio and television main station

Innovation and development research center

May 17, 2021

Table of Contents of News Papers Participating in the 31st (2020) China Prize for Journalism.

Submitted amount of 3 articles

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow rainstorm warning at 06: 00 on September 12. It is estimated that there will be heavy rainstorms in central and eastern Chongqing, northeastern Guizhou, southeastern Henan, southwestern and eastern Hubei, western Hunan, central Anhui, central Jiangsu, northwestern Jiangxi, northwestern and southern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southwestern coast of Guangdong, and northern Hainan Island from 08: 00 on September 12 to 08: 00 on September 13. Among them, southeastern Chongqing, central Anhui, and northern Hainan Island. The maximum hourly rainfall in the above areas is 30 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can exceed 70 mm. There are also strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

　　Defense guide:

　　1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to do a good job of rainstorm prevention;

　　2. The traffic management department shall take traffic control measures in heavy rainfall sections according to the road conditions, and implement traffic guidance in waterlogged sections;

　　3, cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, suspend outdoor work in open places, and transfer people in dangerous areas and residents of dangerous houses to safe places to shelter from the rain;

　　4, check the city, farmland, fish pond drainage system, take the necessary drainage measures.

Original Cell Press CellPress cell science

life sciences

Life science

Fibroblasts are diverse interstitial cells, which create signal niches by producing complex extracellular matrix and biophysical and biochemical clues, and participate in tissue balance and diseases. Fibroblasts have diverse lineages and a wide range of uses, but our understanding of these cells, which fill a considerable part of the human body, is still not comprehensive. Next, let’s understand the mysterious and fascinating fibroblasts from four aspects and embark on a human journey across time and space.

Definition of fibroblast

The term "fibroblast" refers to the following kinds of cells: (1) cells that secrete many macromolecules with the same structure and signal as the extracellular space of tissues; (2) Adopting the phenotype of myofibroblasts that contract instantaneously when dealing with tissue injury; (3) signal niche cells as resident stem cells; (4) As the progenitor cells of specialized differentiated interstitial cells, they are sometimes called mesenchymal stem cells (Lemos and Duffield, 2018; Pittenger et al. , 1999, 2019）。

Fibroblasts create and maintain anatomically diverse connective tissue rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) to support a wide range of basic organ functions, such as resisting blunt and sharp skin injuries, stretching and elastic retraction in the organ range of lung, etc. In addition to producing connective tissue, fibroblasts serve as the progenitor cells of specialized interstitial cell types during embryonic development, adult homeostasis, injury, repair and remodeling, such as osteoblasts forming bones or fat cells filled with lipids.

The origin and development of fibroblasts

In 1858, German pathologist Rudolf Virchow first described fibroblasts as a unique cell type, which he called "Spindelzellen des Bindegewebes"-"Spindle cells of connective tissue" (Virchow, 1858；; Fig. 2A). Ernst Ziegler first put forward the term "fibroblast" to describe cells that produce new connective tissue after healing (Ziegler, 1895；; Fig. 2B), this observation was replicated by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who observed that "célula fusiforme" or "fibro-células" are important producers of granulation tissue in skin wound healing and scar (Cajal, 1986；; Fig. 2C). The appearance of in vitro technology developed in the 1900 s promoted the research of fibroblasts. These methods allow primary fibroblasts from embryonic chicken heart explants to be cultured, and these cells can easily propagate before other cell types after passage (Burrows and Neymann, 1917; Carrel, 1912; Ebeling, 1913; Hogue, 1919； Fig. 2D). More than 50 years later, 3T3 fibroblast cell line from mouse embryo was established (Todaro and Green, 1963; Todaro and others,1964) further promoted our understanding of the biological and genealogical potential of fibroblasts. These findings include the identification of fibroblast growth factor (FGFS) (Gospodarovicz, 1974); Multi-line differentiation of cultured fibroblasts into bone, cartilage and fat cells (Junker et al., 2010); And the key role of fibroblasts in the production, remodeling and contraction of ECM.

Although there are a lot of studies on fibroblasts in vitro, the in vivo correlation of these cells is still unclear, and the real characteristics of fibroblasts and their pedigree potential in the in vivo primary environment have only recently been deeply explored. New evidence shows that fibroblasts have promoted major changes in the tumor-related environment, which has been widely reviewed elsewhere (Sahai et al., 2020).

Organ specificity of fibroblasts

The existence of tissue-specific fibroblast function and lineage can support the development, homeostasis and repair needs of specific organs. During embryonic development, multiple cell lines coalesce to form fibroblasts, which are filled with organs from all three somatic germ layers, such as skin and breast derived from ectoderm, skeletal muscle or myocardium derived from mesoderm, and lungs derived from endoderm. When fibroblasts proliferate in specific organs, they will produce unique microstructure, biophysical and biochemical components of connective tissue.

In organs rich in epithelial cells (for example, skin and lungs), fibroblasts in the skin produce a mechanically elastic, viscous and elastic structural foundation, which supports the epithelial cells of the outward layered epidermis and its many appendages, mainly hair follicles and sweat glands. Fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cell lines in the skin have established three anatomically different layers: papillary dermis, reticular dermis and dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) (Figure 5A). Skin epithelial cells are derived from ectoderm, which has a unique level of connectivetissue. In contrast, lung epithelium originated from endoderm, forming a highly branched tree and eventually forming an inflatable sac called alveoli. The gas exchange function of lung depends on the close physical connection between alveolar epithelium and extensive capillary network, and on the repeated and rapid expansion and contraction ability of lung. These functions require the reticular ECM of the lung, which has the best viscoelasticity, but is strong enough to withstand the change of air pressure and prevent alveolar rupture and potentially fatal air pressure trauma. With the maturity of the lung, the lung mesenchymal progenitor cells assume different spatial positions and functions, including smooth muscle cells around bronchi and blood vessels, pericytes, numerous interstitial fibroblasts, adipocytes supporting lung cells and mesothelial cells of visceral pleura (Peng et al., 2013; Fig. 5B).

In interstitial organs (such as skeletal muscle and heart), unlike skin and lung, skeletal muscle has no epithelial structure, but is composed of large, highly differentiated and multinucleated muscle fibers arranged in parallel, and its main function is to generate strength through contraction. The connective tissue in muscle has a complex layered tissue. Its innermost layer is called endocardium, which surrounds a single muscle fiber and contains a special basement membrane rich in laminin and collagen IV. Laminin acts through its transmembrane receptor, helping the mechanical force to be transmitted from the intracellular contraction device to the inner muscle layer rich in collagen I and III (Chapman et al., 2016). Muscle fiber group is called bundle, surrounded by perimuscular layer, which forms a continuum with tendon, and is rich in so-called perimuscular layer "cable", that is, thick connective tissue bundle mainly composed of closely arranged type I and type III collagen III fibers. Finally, the whole muscle is wrapped by the connective tissue layer of the adventitia (Chapman et al., 2016). Myocardium is an anatomically and physiologically complex contractile organ. Its main cell group, cardiomyocytes, are connected with each other, and an electrically coupled tissue is formed through the sandwich disc that constitutes its middle layer, which is called myocardium. The heart is also rich in fibroblasts, which produce and reshape a powerful ECM network, which is very important for conductivity and heartbeat rhythm. In addition to myocardium, fibroblasts also exist in the outermost epicardium, which contains specialized adipose tissue, and the innermost endocardium, with a layer of endothelial cells at its edge.Unlike most other organs’ fibroblasts, which originated from mesenchymal progenitor cells through gradual standardization, most cardiac fibroblasts are formed through EMT, and fibroblasts located in interventricular septum and right ventricle are products of EndMT (Gittenberger-de Groot et al., 1998; Fig. 5D).

Application of fibroblasts in diseases

At present, the approved anti-fibrosis therapy is aimed at the activation of fibroblasts in established diseases and cannot restore the structure and function of diseased tissues. Therefore, developing strategies to promote the repair of damaged tissues will greatly promote the development of this field.

Although the plasticity of fibroblasts may be problematic in the context of fibrotic diseases, it also provides opportunities for regenerative intervention. Recently, this understanding has promoted the development of in-situ reprogramming into fibroblasts by molecular strategy to restore tissue anatomy and function (including direct reprogramming). In skin wounds, the innate ability of fibroblasts to support hair follicle regeneration can be induced by transcription reprogramming.

Examples have proved that the principle of therapeutic reprogramming of fibroblasts in vivo can be realized in liver and heart, such as transferring transcription factors such as Foxa3, Gata4, Hnf1a and Hnf4a to myofibroblasts in liver through viruses, reprogramming them into hepatocyte-like cells, and reducing the signs of liver fibrosis in mouse models (Rezvani et al., 2016; Song et al., 2016). The above examples clearly emphasize the therapeutic potential of reprogramming tissue-resident fibroblasts directly into "working" cells, and suggest it as a new scar replacement strategy. However, there are still several important problems to be solved, including the efficiency of reprogramming factor delivery using non-integrated vectors and high fibroblast specificity (if not exclusiveness), in order to transform this attractive method into safe clinical application.

Conclusion and prospect

In the past decades, our understanding of fibroblast biology under different organs and conditions has made remarkable progress. New methods and techniques have made this field develop from phenotypic study of cultured cells more than a century ago to complex genetic and functional observation in vivo. These advances reveal that fibroblasts from different organs (such as skin, lung, heart and skeletal muscle) have unexpected similarities and unique characteristics, so they are currently used to treat human diseases.

While great progress has been made, many problems and opportunities still exist. For example, the ongoing efforts to adopt single-cell omics and space genomics technologies will provide key insights into the heterogeneity of fibroblasts within and between tissues, and their ability to assume multiple functional States for physiological or disease triggers. With our understanding of the basic function of fibroblasts far beyond the scope of ECM synthesis, in-situ regulation of fibroblasts can bring new therapeutic possibilities for a wide range of diseases characterized by aging, pathological remodeling and tissue fibrosis. New research fields, including cross-regulation between wound fibroblasts, immune cells and peripheral nervous system, are very important for understanding how to restore tissues to their pre-injury state. Finally, effective clinical transformation will require rigorous verification in local human tissues and human-like models, such as organotypic cultures, xenotransplantation and organs derived from pluripotent cells. These advances will make it possible to prevent, treat and even reverse fibrosis through proper and controlled repair.

Related paper information

The original paper was published in Cell, a periodical of CellPress Cell Press. Click "Read the original" to view the paper.

▌ Paper title:

Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease

▌ Website of the paper:

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00792-3

▌DOI：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.024

Read the original text

It’s a medium-sized model. I wonder how much you know about it. Let’s take a look at its performance.

First of all, from the appearance, the shape of the head of Haval’s second-generation big dog looks very round and sporty. Headlights are concise, and many interesting details can be seen from them. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the car side, the car body size is 4705MM*1908MM*1780MM, the car uses simple lines, the car body looks very simple, with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end of Haval’s second-generation big dog echoes the front end, the taillights are very round, and the unique exhaust pipe creates a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior looks very fashionable and simple, and the overall design is very cold. The steering wheel of this car is very comfortable, and it is equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating, etc., which gives people a bright feeling. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and looks sporty. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a cool dashboard, which is very eye-catching. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick and comfortable.

Haval second-generation big dog is matched with wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with maximum power of 175KW and maximum torque of 385N.m, with good power performance.

Next, look at the configuration. The Haval second-generation big dog is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, engine start and stop and other configurations.

OK！ Next, let’s sum up. The model class introduced today is the most considered class when many people buy their first car, mainly because the size of this class is moderate and the price is reasonable.