[car home Test Drive] Recently, chongqing lifan Automobile launched a small upgraded model from lifan 320, which was temporarily named as lifan 320 New Interior Edition. As the name implies, the main change of this model must be in the interior. Lifan 320 is positioned in the small car class, where it can be said that it is a strong hand, so to survive or gain more space in it is not only the price on the one hand, but also the practicality and personality on the other. Recently, we had the honor to participate in the test drive meeting of the new interior model in lifan 320, to see what unique weapon this model with widely disputed appearance can survive in the market.

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●　　Appearance aspect

　　The appearance design of lifan 320 is the most controversial point. When you first see it, you will be surprised to find that this car has many similarities with many models. Flat body, vertically designed C-pillar, blackened A-pillar and B-pillar make people think of MINI. But it’s better to learn from it than to imitate it. lifan 320’s exterior design has also incorporated many design concepts of Lifan, such as headlights and air intake grille. Although it looks a little stiff, as a domestic independent brand model, this step still needs to be taken now.

　　Lifan 320’s front face design incorporates many sports styles. The honeycomb grille and the curved front machine cover all convey "I am very athletic". The amoeba-like headlights, though novel in design, don’t fit in with its tough overall appearance lines, and even though the low beam lamp is equipped with a lens, it is still illuminated by halogen bulbs instead of xenon lamps. This design seems a bit redundant. If the lens is deleted and then some more practical configurations are added, it may be recognized by more people.

　　When you drive a lifan 320 in the downtown area, you will find that you have accumulated a lot of people’s attention, mainly because its design is very similar to the MINI mini, which makes people easily mistake it for that classic model.

　　Perhaps the most controversial part of lifan 320 is its side lines, flat body lines and tough cab lines. This design has been used on other models, so when lifan 320 went on the market, many people talked about imitating other models. But imitating others is definitely a good place to learn from, and the ultimate goal of imitation is to find a way of your own. As a regular Lifan automobile, we should improve ourselves through continuous learning and integrate our own characteristics into future products.

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　　The test drive model is a high-profile model in lifan 320, which is equipped with a chrome-plated door handle, a bumper with the same color on the body, a chrome-plated letterhead, an electric rear wiper and a rear spoiler with LED brake lights. The overall style is very sporty. But I feel that too much chrome decoration is a bit tacky for a model suitable for young people to drive. It is better to add some scratch strips or personalized car logos, which is more attractive to young car buyers.

　　It is obvious that lifan 320’s tail design imitates and draws lessons from it, but Lifan did not copy it intact, but added Lifan’s own design, and two round lights formed an oval taillight, especially to explain that lifan 320’s brakes have very high brightness at night and faster response speed, which is very helpful to the driving safety of the car.

　　In terms of tires, lifan 320’s new interior version has not made any changes, and it still uses Jiatong 165/70R14 tires. For a car, this equipment may be for the purpose of achieving good fuel economy. Although the size of the tire is small, the design of the wheel hub is very thoughtful. If the size can be increased, I think the visual effect will be better.

Change one　 The color matching of the seat has changed.

　　Since it is called the new interior version, there will be obvious changes in the interior of the car. After opening the door, it is found that the new interior version of lifan 320 has replaced a brand-new seat color design, which is mainly dark beige with gray. The most remarkable effect of this design is that it gives people a warmer feeling. Although dark beige will not be too dirty in daily use, it is more intimate than black seats.

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Change 2 dashboard design is novel and full of sense of technology.

　　The next significant change is the dashboard, which has added many popular elements, such as LCD screen and digital speedometer, and it is worth mentioning that the brand-new dashboard looks like Mickey Mouse’s head, with two ears for oil gauge and water thermometer, and a large semicircle in the middle for tachometer and speedometer. When the lights are on, the whole dashboard really looks like Mickey Mouse.

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Change three　　The sound panel changes greatly.

　　The sound control panel has also changed greatly, from the original square design to the smiling face shape composed of circles and curves, but in actual use, it is found that there is no CD player, only USB, AUX interface and radio. At present, most people are still used to using CD, which is not only convenient but also has good sound quality. The main reason why lifan 320 doesn’t have a CD is probably the cost.

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　　When lifan 320 was just listed, many friends noticed the shape of its door panel. If you look closely, it is actually a funny smiling face, with one big eye and one small eye, and the storage compartment is like a big mouth with a split smile. This design highlights the young characteristics of lifan 320, and it is still rare in China. lifan 320 has also taken a step in innovation.

　　As mentioned earlier, the car door panel in lifan 320 is designed with a smiling face. Although it is novel and beautiful, you will obviously find that there is a problem in this design in daily use, that is, the door handle is designed to be in a relatively backward position, which means that you will feel very uncomfortable when you close the door after getting on the bus. Generally, the door closing handle will be set in the middle of the car door, which will make it very convenient to close the door. However, when the lifan 320 is set in a backward position, the arm bending will be awkward.

　　Now that you come back to life, you will also find that the lockers on the car doors are not very convenient to use. The slender openings can’t hold wider items, but only some documents or small items. There is no storage compartment on the back door of lifan 320, so it is not considerate to take care of the rear passengers. In fact, these are small parts, and Lifan Automobile still needs to make more efforts in humanized design.

　　The glove box also has the same problem. When you open the glove box, you will find some damping, which is very good! However, observing the inside of the glove box, it is found that the space is very small, and the opening device of the glove box occupies one third of the whole space, so it is impossible to place some bulky items.

　　As a small car, lifan 320’s interior space is relatively spacious, especially in the head, and even passengers who are about 1.8 meters tall will not feel oppressive. Through experience, it is found that there are some shortcomings in the design of lifan 320’s back seat. The size of the back seat is a little short. Although it is equipped with an adjustable headrest, when the headrest is adjusted to the highest position, the neck will still be put down, and the taller passengers will feel uncomfortable.

　　Lifan 320’s trunk has a volume of 300 liters, which is moderate in the class of small cars. It can also be placed in the back seat to expand the cargo space. When the rear seat is laid down, the two buckles of the fixed seat will be exposed, which will directly affect the shape of the loading space, which is more troublesome for carrying some large items.

　　In these subtle design aspects, it reflects whether the manufacturer has considered the actual use of the product thoroughly or not. For a newly established brand like Lifan Automobile, it is necessary to constantly improve itself through continuous practice and long-term customer feedback.

●　　Test drive part

　　Finally, in terms of driving performance, lifan 320 played a sports card at the initial stage of listing, and its imitation and reference object was also MINI Cooper, which mainly played sports and manipulation. First of all, lifan 320 adopts four-wheel independent suspension. This design is relatively rare in the domestic small car class, and it also appears on the model of about 50,000 yuan, which makes everyone curious about this car and wants to see how it performs in handling.

　　The characteristic of four-wheel independent suspension is that all four wheels are in a relatively independent state, so that each wheel can separately filter the vibration from the ground and improve the comfort of the vehicle. And it is also better in maneuverability. Through the test drive experience, I feel that lifan 320’s suspension needs to be improved in terms of training. When driving on the road with poor road conditions, the vibration inside the car is more complicated and the noise transmission is not too delicate.

　　Lifan 320’s steering wheel size is relatively large for a small car. Although it is made of soft materials, it feels good, but the larger size does not fit its sports style design concept. When we are driving normally, we will slightly shake the steering wheel from side to side and find that there will be a lot of margin.

　　When the speed was about 50 km/h through some gentle detours, the body roll of the 320 began to appear, and the side support of the seat was not enough, which could not give people enough confidence, so they could only reduce the speed to alleviate the roll amplitude.

　　Lifan 320 is equipped with a 1.3L engine, with a maximum output power of 65KW/6000rpm, a maximum output torque of 110N.m/3000-5000rpm and a top speed of 155km/h.. In actual driving, this 1.3L engine has no problem in propelling lifan 320, and the speed of 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears is relatively fast.

　　After the 5th gear is accelerated to 80km/h, it is obvious that the noise of the engine is getting worse. At this time, the tachometer shows 2100rpm, which is reasonable. However, when the vehicle speed rises to 120 km/h, the noise has begun to affect the normal conversation of the people in the car, and it is difficult to fully accelerate at this time.

　　Strangely, at the current speed, we only see the driving speed of 2500rpm … 80 km/h is 2100rpm, and 120km/h is only 2500rpm? Is it possible that the speed has increased a lot, but the speed has not changed much? I think there should be something wrong with the dashboard. If so, I hope this is just an individual phenomenon.

Editor’s comment:

　　As the main model of Lifan Automobile, lifan 320 bears the efforts and hopes of many people. Although there are still some problems to be improved, the performance of this car is satisfactory on the whole. After all, considering its price of about 50,000 yuan, it is very good to get a fashionable, beautiful and dynamic car.

　　At present, the newly-launched lifan 320 new interior model is to meet the needs of consumers by changing itself. In the future, Lifan will also make efforts in the after-sales service network and model innovation, especially to get out of the imitation circle as soon as possible and establish its own characteristics and even brand family characteristics as soon as possible. This is a thorny issue! At the same time, it is also the hope of people who pay attention to their own brands. (Photo, text/Yang Li, car home)

Detailed price, parameters and configuration of some models in lifan 320.

[On August 15th, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. After eight years of hard fighting, China finally won. However, the people and events in this period of time are gradually out of shape in the reports of future generations. On the occasion of the 69th anniversary of Japan’s surrender, Observer.com specially launched a series of "Ten Rumors of the Anti-Japanese War" to set the record straight. Previously published "Zhang Lingfu, the Top Ten Rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression》、《Sun Liren, the top ten rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, buried the Japanese army alive.》、《Ten rumors of the Anti-Japanese War: "Fishing posts"""and"The chairman’s guard of the top ten rumors of the anti-Japanese war》。 】

In the modern history of China, opium is a scar that can’t be bypassed anyway. It has harmed hundreds of millions of Chinese, and the resulting war has also changed the direction of China’s traditional society. Therefore, today, the vast majority of Chinese, who are sane and law-abiding, will inevitably show an expression of disgust when referring to drugs represented by opium, and then condemn them with a hundred thousand points.

However, with the help of the increasingly developed network platform, the saying that the CPC and the Eighth Route Army were built and built into large-scale planting, selling and encouraging opium consumption, which was originally circulated in academic circles, quickly spread among the people. After reading similar rumors, some readers who are not very rich in historical knowledge can naturally understand the anger in their hearts, but history is really like this?

The origin of rumors

The story that communist party and the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium first appeared during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, in order to package its "anti-drug achievements", the Japanese puppet government often organized people to stage a farce of "communist drug trafficking", and then published the news that "opium X was seized and communist X was captured alive" in a certain place in its imperial traitor media. However, during most of the Anti-Japanese War, these reports did not attract much attention from public opinion at that time and later academic circles.

In addition, in recent years, many so-called "old cadres", "old Red Army", "my grandfather", "my great grandfather" and "my second uncle" have appeared on the Chinese Internet, and "witnessed" the communist party Eighth Route Army’s large-scale opium cultivation and trafficking in various places. However, these "testimonies" almost have no exact information about time, place, people, etc., and there are almost no other objective evidences that can be corroborated. Therefore, such "testimonies" are unacceptable to those who are interested in textual research on historical issues. The following "versions" really make the saying that "the Eighth Route Army sells opium on a large scale" a topic worthy of discussion:

First of all, the Diary of Yan ‘an, the masterpiece of the Comintern’s liaison in the CPC Central Committee and the agent of the Soviet Intelligence Department, Peter Buffilovich Vladimirov. In this book, Vladimir said that he not only witnessed the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army harvesting opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s, but also was personally admitted by senior leaders of the Chinese Communist Party such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. Because of Vrakimilov’s special status, the publication of Yan ‘an Diary immediately caused a sensation in overseas academic circles.

The second statement comes from Xie Juezai Diary. In his diary in 1944, a few days wrote:

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944)

"Interesting words heard at the symposium: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ " (12 March 1944)

"Leading organs to launch a thing, must be very considerate, often a small step error, can make a big fuss among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " （1944.3.14）

Attentive readers have noticed that a word called "special goods" is mentioned in these diaries. It is said that this "special goods" is opium.

The third statement comes from the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County" which is said to have been promulgated and implemented by the Eighth Route Army in July 1945. This document can be seen everywhere on the Internet now, so it is omitted here.

The fourth argument comes from the textual research of a "famous scholar" in mainland China: Zhang Side, an Eighth Route Army soldier who praised "dying more than Mount Tai" in Mao Zedong’s famous article "Serving the People", actually died in the process of burning opium. This statement is also widely circulated on the Internet.

Zhang Side

Opium is not just drugs.

I don’t want to analyze the above statements, because it is very necessary to understand the role of opium in the social and economic operation of China before the Anti-Japanese War.

As we all know, the terminal price of opium is quite high, its volume is not big, and its weight is very light. In old China, where the financial system was chaotic, opium, together with gold, silver and pounds and dollars, became the main hard currency in circulation in China at that time, and was called "yellow, white, black and green". Considering the problems of quantity, scale and difficulty in inspection, opium thus overpowered the most valuable gold, silver and foreign currency, and became the currency with the highest cost performance and liquidity in China before the Anti-Japanese War.

In addition, in old China, which has not yet been industrialized, medicine was originally a scarce material. Sometimes military doctors need surgery, but they often find that there is no narcotic except smoky soil. At this time, opium, which has certain anesthetic and antidiarrheal effects, can indeed play the role of medicine at some time.

Although opium was introduced into China from abroad, after the mid-19th century, in order to alleviate the outflow of silver, the Qing government and local governments began to encourage poppy cultivation. Before the Anti-Japanese War, China had become the first drug producer in the world. Most people born after the founding of New China know what opium is like in books, but today, people over 80 years old are almost impressed by the special smell produced when cooking opium. According to the American representative’s speech at the 18th meeting of the Committee on Smoking Prohibition of the League of Nations in 1934, the annual output of opium in the world except China was 1,770 tons. However, according to the estimation of Dr. Lien Teh Wu, director of the National Port Quarantine Administration of China at that time, the opium output of China in 1930 was an astonishing 12,000 tons, equivalent to seven times the world output value. Even so, scholars all over the world generally believed that this data greatly underestimated the opium production capacity of China at that time.

Before the Anti-Japanese War, the grass-roots society in China did not have much prejudice against opium, and opium was also a necessity for wealthy families. There is no doubt that China was once the first drug consumer in the world. According to statistics, the population of China was 474 million in 1932, but the number of drug addicts nationwide reached 80 million, accounting for 16.8% of the total population. Considering the weak grassroots control and statistical ability of the Kuomintang government at that time, the real drug addicts will only be more.

Before the Communist Party of China (CPC) took control of northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places, Shanxi-Shaanxi area was one of the most serious areas in China. In the 1920s, Shaanxi had reached the point where there were no smoking houses, and all men, women and children smoked. Smokers accounted for more than 50% of Shaanxi’s total population, and poppy cultivation and opium manufacturing became the only prosperous industries in Shaanxi.

The influence of opium on the old China society completely exceeded the imagination of ordinary people for ordinary drugs. If we use today’s knowledge of drugs to mechanically copy the opium problem during the Anti-Japanese War, it will naturally be difficult to understand the essence of the opium problem.

Bowing to reality: recognizing opium’s status as a hard currency

What is clear and certain is that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the only political force in the modern history of China that really tried its best to fight drugs in the controlled area. As early as the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Chinese Communist Party took drug control as one of its priorities. After the end of the Long March and the Red Army stationed in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, the hardest hit area with a history of opium cultivation and trafficking for hundreds of years, communist party immediately launched a massive anti-drug campaign in the border area, which basically eliminated drug abuse in the control area in a very short time. At present, it has basically reached a consensus in academic circles.

Some people will ask: "Since you can ban smoking in communist party, why not ban opium as well?" Communist party did try to ban opium cultivation in its jurisdiction and made considerable efforts (this was in sharp contrast to the various warlords who planted and sold cigarettes at that time), but history proved that this idea was still a pattern at that time. It takes many years to restore the land after poppy eradication before it can be used to produce food again, so banning smoking often brings a new problem: how to solve the rations of tobacco farmers and opium processing workers?

From the national economic point of view, even in a state of war, unless there is a natural barrier like the Taiwan Province Strait, the domestic material circulation can be restricted and blocked, but it is difficult to be cut off. After the anti-drug campaign was launched in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, the situation of smuggling opium into the border region increased rapidly. Because a place bans opium production and restricts opium consumption, it will often lead to an increase in opium prices, which will only stimulate opium cultivation in other provinces and even lead to the outflow of local gold and silver. From this point of view, a truly unified state power is the prerequisite for the complete prohibition of opium, which was not available in China during the Anti-Japanese War.

In history, especially when the base area of the border region was in trouble in 1941, some people and even some units in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region did smuggle opium, and the government of the border region severely cracked down on these behaviors within its capacity. As for the large-scale cultivation of opium within the jurisdiction, it is hard for me to imagine that opium poppy will be cultivated on a large scale in the base area in the early 1940s when the whole country was suffering from famine. After all, opium soil can’t be used as food, and the food bought from enemy-occupied areas through black market and other channels is only a drop in the bucket compared with the population in the border area.

Due to the lack of other enough hard currency, the Eighth Route Army did have a considerable amount of opium opium, which was used to balance the import and export deficit in the border region. Even in the history of the Party and the memoirs of leaders, there are not many taboos about this, because this is the special national conditions of China in those days caused by history. Since it is impossible to seize the national political power for the time being, what communist party can do is to bow to reality — — Recognize opium’s status as a national hard currency.

Eight roads grow opium on a large scale? Selective slander

After understanding these background knowledge, we began to systematically analyze the reliability of several origins of the statement "the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium on a large scale".

First of all, talk about Yan ‘an Diary. Although this book was born in the background of the break-up between China and the Soviet Union, Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of the book, later admitted that this "Yan ‘an Diary" was compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, but the author dare not completely deny that the historical materials mentioned in "Yan ‘an Diary" must be false, that is, completely unreliable.

Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of Yan ‘an Diary. He later admitted that the diary of Yan ‘an was a work compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In the environment of Yan ‘an at that time, it was difficult for Vladimir to write a "diary" that strongly criticized the leaders of the Communist Party of China, but the biggest Bug of this "diary" was that there were too many contradictions between the contents of the diary and historical facts. For example, Vladimir Mirov directly questioned Mao Zedong about opium in northern Shaanxi, and Deng Xiaoping made an answer. The date of the diary is August 2, 1942, but at this time Deng Xiaoping has been appointed as the secretary of the Taihang Branch of the Communist Party of China. He should be on the Taihang Mountain, not in northern Shaanxi. In addition, the 359th Brigade harvested opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s before the Great Production Movement, and the opium processing factory was located in Chaling &hellip, Hunan Province, which was closely controlled by the Kuomintang. … Mistakes like that, then more.

In a word, there are too many serious contradictions between the contents of Yan ‘an Diary and historical facts. Combined with the historical background of the publication of this work, the original historical status of this work is very questionable.

Secondly, the statement about special goods in Xie Juezai Diary. As it happens, the author has a set of Diary of Xie Juezai edited and published by People’s Publishing House in 1982, and the records of "special goods" in online diaries are indeed true, so the author makes a contextual analysis of these diaries.

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944) and "Anecdotes heard at the forum: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ (When the border currency is recovered, the price of special goods falls, and it is extremely difficult to buy special goods) "(March 12, 1944).

These two days’ diaries all describe Xie Juezai’s own views on the economic problems in the border region, and these are the only paragraphs in the two days’ diaries that mention "special goods" and "black and white goods". Although there is no unanimous conclusion on what kind of products "special goods" are (it is said that "special goods" refer to local specialty salt), even if we assume that "black goods" in "special goods" and "black and white goods" refer to opium, it can only prove that opium is used as hard currency to balance the fiscal deficit in the border region as I said above, and it cannot prove that the Eighth Route Army in communist party has large-scale opium cultivation; The diary on March 12 can be understood as a kind of anxiety of the participants in the forum about the relationship between hard currency and currency.

As for the diary of March 14th, 1944, it said: "When a leading organ starts a thing, it must be very considerate, and often a small step makes a mistake, which can cause great trouble among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " This diary mainly talks about the way of leadership. In 1943, some people in the border area proposed whether to implement "domestic sales of special goods", but this issue quickly caused controversy and was finally rejected. The "domestic sales of special goods" mentioned in the diary should be the discussion of "domestic sales of special goods" in 1943. Combined with the main content of this diary, the diary of March 14th can’t be used as evidence that the Eighth Route Army in communist party planted and sold opium on a large scale.

In addition, Xie Juezai Diary explicitly mentioned drug control for many times and days, but these records were selectively ignored by some scholars. The author now extracts a paragraph:

June 6, 1943

It is proposed to give instructions to the county (city) governments in each district to ban smoking: all commissions and county governments:

Eating opium, a scar left by the old society, has been cured a lot, but there are still a few addicts who have not given up. We must work harder to avoid a resurgence. Unless otherwise prohibited by the prohibition of planting, instructions on the prohibition of eating are given:

……

When summing up the work this year, quitting smoking is one of the assessment results of governments at all levels.

Next, let’s talk about the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County". Huaitai West County refers to Huaiyang, Taikang and Xihua counties. Although there is no definite evidence to prove that this "method" does exist, Huaitai and Xixi counties are surrounded by Japanese-occupied areas. It is hard to imagine that the Japanese army, which is rich in opium, will sit idly by and watch the existence of such a commercial and military competitor. Moreover, there is no mention of cultivation in public institutions in this "method", so it is naturally impossible to prove that opium cultivation is the main economic policy of communist party.

Crucially, Huai, Tai and Xi counties used to be the defense zones of the Kuomintang army in Tang Enbo. At the end of 1944, the Kuomintang army was greatly defeated in the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, and the armed forces behind the enemy lines of the Chinese Communist Party were able to establish this base area. Considering the lag of eradicating opium cultivation, if the proclamation does exist, then this "Measures" is not so much evidence of the Eighth Route Army’s drug manufacturing and trafficking, but rather a profile portrayal of the Kuomintang reactionaries’ opium cultivation and trafficking.

As for the statement that "Zhang Side died in the process of burning opium when his cave collapsed", let’s leave aside the possibility that the Eighth Route Army would be embarrassed and still use the Central Guard Corps to refine opium in 1944, but the biggest loophole of this statement lies in the fact that burning opium is different from burning charcoal. Burning charcoal doesn’t have to be looked after all the time, but refining opium must be looked after all the time. With the ventilation of the cave, the person who looks after the opium will be poisoned, and there is no need to wait until the cave collapses.

After Li Mi led his troops to flee Myanmar, one of his "main businesses" was poppy cultivation. After years of development, the Golden Triangle has gradually become "famous"

The Last Opium of the Republic of China

Having said that, I finally want to talk about how drug control was carried out in New China after the War of Liberation.

In some traditional opium producing areas, party and government workers will level the opium fields, then collect and destroy drugs, and at the same time give some rations to farmers, and then switch to grain after a period of time. Those who take or inject drugs should register and quit within a time limit according to the size and age of their addiction; Secondly, the staff also linked drug rehabilitation with production education, and involved those "addicts" who were not involved in production and behavior degeneration into the tide of industrial and agricultural production, so that they knew that they were members of society and stimulated their determination to give up drugs. In this way, although there are records of serious drug addicts dying from drug addiction attacks all over the country, the vast majority of drug addicts have been thoroughly remoulded after receiving withdrawal treatment and productive labor, and become new people who are useful to society.

One of the earliest sources of the Golden Triangle, a world-famous drug producing area, was the Kuomintang Li Mi and other departments that were beaten out of Yunnan. After living in Myanmar and Thailand, poppy cultivation became one of Li Mi’s "main businesses". After years of development, the Golden Triangle gradually became "famous". And this site rich in drug lords has become the last hiding place of opium in the Republic of China.

After communist party came to power, he made China a glorious "drug-free country"; Although the Kuomintang regime was nominally unified throughout the country, during its reign, China became the world’s first drug producer and consumer, and after its defeat, it also created the world’s largest drug producer. From this point of view, it is never clear who is more worthy of praise and who should be reviled.

Wenxue business data school

On July 16th, SMIC was officially listed in science and technology innovation board. Although the outstanding shares in A shares only account for about 14% of the total issued shares, and the P/E ratio is as high as 113.12 times (calculated at the issue price of 27.46 yuan/share), it still received enthusiastic pursuit and the opening price soared. On the other hand, TSMC, the world’s largest wafer foundry with SMIC as the benchmark, will also release its financial report for the second quarter of 2020 today.

Chips are generally divided into three links — — Chip design, chip manufacturing and chip packaging testing, among which, the wafer foundry link in chip manufacturing where SMIC and TSMC are located is one of the weakest links in Chinese mainland’s chip industry chain at present.

"First-class design, second-class packaging and testing, and third-class chip manufacturing", Sheng Linghai, vice president of global consulting firm Gartner Semiconductor Research Group and analyst, commented on the current situation of Chinese mainland’s chip industry and global benchmarking to Business Data School. "At present, Huawei Hisilicon’s chip design is already the world’s first-class level, and the technical threshold for packaging and testing is relatively low, but the chip manufacturing link — — The technology including upstream mask aligner equipment and wafer foundry is still far from the world’s first-class. "

According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 20 chip companies listed or to be listed in science and technology innovation board from April to July, but only one chip manufacturer is SMIC.

Just recently, at the moment when the "half-time war" in chip manufacturing was tense, the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that it had broken through the 5-nanometer lithography technology, and SMIC had also developed a production process below 7 nanometers, which could be mass-produced by the end of the year, which brought a glimmer of light to the localization of chips, but how much did these relieve the urgent demand for high-end chips in one to three years?

Business Data School made a detailed comparison between SMIC and TSMC in the past five years. From the perspective of revenue scale (see the figure below for details), TSMC’s revenue has always been more than 10 times that of SMIC, while its wafer shipment is only about 2-3 times, which means that SMIC’s price per wafer is cheaper than TSMC’s, which shows that SMIC’s bargaining power is far lower than TSMC’s.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

(Cartography: Business Data School)

According to the rough calculation of Business Data School, in 2019, the shipment price of TSMC per wafer was about $3,609.1, while that of SMIC was only $619.6, with a price difference of six times.

(Cartography: Business Data School)　

It is precisely because of the low price that SMIC’s gross profit margin has remained between 20% and 30%, far below TSMC’s gross profit margin of over 45%.

　The reason why the price gap is so large is that SMIC’s mass-produced products are still relatively backward. In 2019, the two areas with the largest production capacity are still between 0.15/0.18 micron and 55/65 nm, while the current world-class high-end chips are mainly 14 nm, especially at 28 nm. Now there has been a global overcapacity situation.

At present, the revenue of SMIC’s 14 nm and 28 nm process products is relatively low, and the 28 nm process products are facing the risks of overcapacity, continuous decline in revenue, high depreciation pressure and negative gross profit margin.

In the past three years, the revenue of SMIC’s 28 nm process products was divided into 1.63 billion yuan, 1.24 billion yuan and 810 million yuan, accounting for 8.12%, 6.19% and 4.03% respectively, and the revenue and proportion continued to decline; In the fourth quarter of 2019, mass production of 14 nm process products began, and the related income was 57.0615 million yuan, accounting for 0.29%.

To sum up, SMIC has transferred some general equipment originally used in the 28 nm process to other processes with higher profits.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

This also directly determines the level of net profit. The net interest rates of SMIC in recent three years are 5.1%, 2.3% and 4.1%, which are far lower than the net interest rates of TSMC of 32.3%, 34.0% and 35.1%.

After deducting non-recurring gains and losses in 2018 and 2019, SMIC’s net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was negative, which were-6.168 billion yuan and-5.22 billion yuan respectively.

Behind the difference in chip prices between SMIC and TSMC is the gap in advanced technology. To further enhance commercial competitiveness, we must catch up technically.

The rich terminal application scenarios of integrated circuits determine that the mainstream technology nodes and processes of chip products in various sub-sectors are different, and the technology iteration and corresponding market demand change rapidly.

Advanced technology generally advances one generation after one to three years, such as TSMC’s mass production of 16 nm /14 nm in 2015, 10 nm in 2016, 7 nm in 2018 and 5 nm in 2020. If the technology iteration of wafer foundry lags behind the technological requirements of product application, it will not meet the needs of the market and customers.

According to IC Insights statistics, TSMC accounted for 59% of the global pure wafer foundry market share in 2018, and SMIC accounted for 6%. The mass production time of SMIC’s 14 nm process is 2019, and the next generation process has entered the stage of customer introduction.

Although the research and development of advanced technology needs constant capital investment and accumulation, the emergence of key technical figures can often push this process forward a long way.

A key figure behind SMIC’s breakthrough in 14 nm and 7 nm technology is Liang Mengsong, the co-CEO of SMIC. In just 298 days, the difficulty of 14 nm process technology was overcome, and the yield of the process was improved to 95%.

As a former research and development backbone of TSMC, Liang Mengsong is one of the top ten chip talents in the world. After leaving TSMC for half a year in 2009, Liang Mengsong joined Samsung, which directly upgraded Samsung’s technical level by one generation, from 28 nm to 14 nm.

The next SMIC to conquer is the mass production of 7 nanometers.

In addition, according to Liang Mengsong, the development route of SMIC’s 7nm process technology is not much different from TSMC’s. On the 7 nm process node, three types have been developed, among which the manufacturing process of N7 and N7P can not use EUV lithography technology, while the process of N7+ will use EUV technology, but even if EUV technology is used, the number of mask layers is very small.

On the 5nm process node, EUV lithography technology has been fully utilized, and the number of mask layers can reach as many as 14, which is a high technical level in the industry. — — This is also the part that TSMC is currently trying to mass-produce.

In addition, in terms of production capacity, TSMC currently operates a 150mm fab, six 200mm fabs, five 300mm fabs and four advanced back-end fabs. In 2019, the annual production capacity (in terms of 12-inch equivalent wafers) was about 12.3 million wafers, while in 2018 it was about 12 million wafers. This growth was mainly due to the expansion of 7-nanometer technology.

The layout of SMIC’s fabs is as follows: there are a 300mm fab, a 200mm fab and a controlled 300mm advanced process fab in Shanghai; There is a 300mm wafer factory and a holding 300mm advanced process wafer factory in Beijing. There are two 200mm fabs in Tianjin and Shenzhen. There is a holding 300mm bump processing joint venture factory in Jiangyin.

Since it is a strong technology-driven business, it is inevitable to invest in research and development. The figure below shows the magnitude and proportion of global chip companies’ investment in R&D in 2019.

　Taking SMIC as an example, R&D expenses mainly include depreciation expenses, research and testing expenses, employee compensation expenses, etc. From 2017 to 2019, R&D expenses were 3.57 billion yuan, 4.47 billion yuan and 4.74 billion yuan respectively, showing an increasing trend.

However, the fastest growth is actually "depreciation expense", which is due to the purchase of some advanced machinery and equipment with higher unit price, which makes depreciation expense increase year by year, accounting for 30.34% of R&D expenses in 2019.

Secondly, the cost of research and testing is mainly the sample fee, which was 1.31 billion yuan in 2019, accounting for 27.70% of the research and development expenses, and the research and development efficiency has improved.

Thirdly, it is the salary cost of R&D personnel. In 2019, the salary of R&D personnel of SMIC exceeded 900 million yuan.

Sheng Linghai revealed that due to the current hot chip industry, chip engineers are very expensive at present. A chip design engineer with 10 years of experience has an annual salary of more than 1 million.

Let’s go back to the landing of SMIC in science and technology innovation board. The main purpose of raising funds is also for the construction of new production lines and R&D reserves. Among them, the investment of the 12-inch chip SN1 project is 8 billion yuan, which is used to meet part of the capital demand for building a 12-inch production line project with a monthly production capacity of 35,000 pieces, and the production technology level has been upgraded to 14 nanometers and below; Advanced and mature technology research and development project reserve fund project raised funds of 4 billion yuan for technology research and development to enhance the company’s market competitiveness.

Although the localization of chips is the general trend, the trend of globalization has not changed — — The chip was designed in the United States, processed in Taiwan, China, packaged in Malaysia, and finally sent to China for production and global sales.

"The birth of semiconductors is a result of the common development of all countries. So far, no country can have a complete semiconductor industry chain by itself." Su Wei, general manager of China Resources Microelectronics OEM Group, said, "At present, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic chips is less than 30%, and the development of China’s entire semiconductor industry chain is obviously short-board, but in the field of power semiconductors, we see that it is the first to break through and the gap with the international first-class technology level is narrowing."

At present, the low-end chips can be basically localized, but if we want to go to the high end, the wafer foundry link where SMIC is located will be a key link for the 7-nanometer mass production in the next three years. If it can be successfully realized, Chinese mainland’s chip manufacturing will take another step towards the world-class goal.

　　Cctv news(News Network): It is an important task for China’s current economic work to focus on expanding domestic demand and restoring and expanding consumption. Since the beginning of this year, China has accelerated the construction of a 15-minute convenient living circle and prosperity of the community commerce, so that residents can enjoy convenient life and services near their homes.

　　Up to now, China has built more than 1,400 convenient living circles in 80 cities, with 280,000 commercial outlets covering more than 2,700 residential communities.

　　The second floor of the people’s livelihood complex was transformed into a community affordable canteen, and the third floor was transformed into an inclusive pension institution. Not far away, the community has also built a new one for 0— Kindergarten for 3-year-old infants.

　　According to the Ministry of Commerce, some studies show that more than half of the daily consumption expenditure of urban residents is concentrated within 1 km around the community, and the community consumption market has great potential.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the state has focused on improving the supply facilities for community consumption and enriching diversified consumption formats. This bookstore opened in the community has become a community meeting room with functions such as consumption, leisure and culture.

　　In the next step, the state will carry out a three-year campaign to build a convenient living circle for a quarter of an hour nationwide. Based on the principle of "what is lacking and what is replenished", we will optimize the layout of community consumption space and promote the upgrading of community commerce according to the policies of the city and the circle. Form a ladder consumption structure based on huge community consumption, supplemented by surrounding comprehensive commercial centers, and upgrade the key business districts in the city to meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.

       (On September 5, 1987, the 22nd meeting of the 6th the NPC Standing Committee passed the first amendment on April 29, 2000 and the 15th meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee on August 29, 2015 according to the Decision on Amending the Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in People’s Republic of China (PRC) of the 15th meeting of the 8th the NPC Standing Committee on August 29, 1995. The second revision of the 16th session of the 2nd the NPC Standing Committee was based on the Decision on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Wild Animals and other 15 laws of the 6th session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on October 26th, 2018).

Catalogue

        Chapter I General Principles

        Chapter II Standards for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and Planning for Reaching the Standards within a Time Limit

        Chapter III Supervision and Administration of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

        Chapter IV Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

        Section 1 Prevention and Control of Coal Burning and Other Energy Pollution

        Section 2 Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution

        Section 3 Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Ships

        The fourth quarter dust pollution prevention and control

        Section 5 Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Other Pollution

        Chapter V Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas

        Chapter VI Response to Heavy Pollution Weather

        Chapter VII Legal Liability

        Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Principles

       the first　This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving the environment, preventing and controlling air pollution, safeguarding public health, promoting the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the sustainable development of economy and society.

       the second　To prevent and control air pollution, we should aim at improving the quality of the atmospheric environment, adhere to source control, plan first, change the mode of economic development, optimize the industrial structure and layout, and adjust the energy structure.

        To prevent and control air pollution, we should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution such as coal burning, industry, motor vehicles and ships, dust and agriculture, carry out joint prevention and control of regional air pollution, and implement coordinated control of atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia and greenhouse gases.

       Article　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the prevention and control of air pollution into the national economic and social development plan, and increase financial investment in the prevention and control of air pollution.

        Local people’s governments at various levels shall be responsible for the atmospheric environmental quality in their respective administrative areas, formulate plans and take measures to control or gradually reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants, so that the atmospheric environmental quality can meet the prescribed standards and gradually improve.

       Article 4　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council, assess the completion of the objectives of improving atmospheric environmental quality and the key tasks of air pollution prevention and control in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate assessment methods to assess the completion of local atmospheric environmental quality improvement targets and key tasks of air pollution prevention and control within their respective administrative areas. The assessment results shall be made public to the public.

       Article 5　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level shall exercise unified supervision and management over the prevention and control of air pollution.

        Other relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall supervise and manage the prevention and control of air pollution within their respective functions and duties.

       Article 6　The state encourages and supports scientific and technological research on the prevention and control of air pollution, carries out analysis on the sources and changing trends of air pollution, popularizes advanced and applicable air pollution prevention technologies and equipment, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in the prevention and control of air pollution.

       Article 7　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall take effective measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, and shall be liable for the damage caused according to law.

        Citizens should enhance their awareness of atmospheric environmental protection, adopt a low-carbon and frugal lifestyle, and consciously fulfill their obligations of atmospheric environmental protection.

Chapter II Standards for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and Planning for Reaching the Standards within a Time Limit

       Article 8　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate atmospheric environmental quality standards with the aim of safeguarding public health and protecting the ecological environment, which is suitable for economic and social development and scientific and reasonable.

       Article 9　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate standards for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants on the basis of the quality standards of atmospheric environment and the economic and technological conditions of the country.

       Article 10　The formulation of atmospheric environmental quality standards and air pollutant emission standards shall organize experts to review and demonstrate, and solicit opinions from relevant departments, industry associations, enterprises and institutions and the public.

       Article 11　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall publish the atmospheric environmental quality standards and the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants on its website for the public to consult and download for free.

       Article 12　The implementation of atmospheric environmental quality standards and air pollutant emission standards shall be evaluated regularly, and the standards shall be revised in a timely manner according to the evaluation results.

       Article 13　To formulate quality standards for products containing volatile organic compounds such as coal, petroleum coke, biomass fuel, coatings, fireworks and boilers, the requirements for atmospheric environmental protection should be clarified.

        The formulation of fuel quality standards shall conform to the national air pollutant control requirements, and be linked with the national air pollutant emission standards for motor vehicles, ships and non-road mobile machinery, and implemented simultaneously.

        The non-road mobile machinery mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to mobile machinery and transportable industrial equipment equipped with engines.

       Article 14　The people’s governments of cities that fail to meet the national standards for atmospheric environmental quality shall promptly prepare plans for reaching the standards within a time limit, and take measures to reach the standards within the time limit set by the people’s governments of the State Council or at the provincial level.

        The opinions of relevant trade associations, enterprises and institutions, experts and the public shall be sought in the preparation of the plan for meeting the standards of urban atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit.

       Article 15　Urban atmospheric environmental quality planning should be made public within a time limit. The plans for reaching the standard of atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit for municipalities directly under the central government and cities divided into districts shall be reported to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record.

       Article 16　When the people’s government of a city reports to the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee on the environmental conditions and the completion of environmental protection objectives every year, it shall report on the implementation of the plan for reaching the standard of atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit and make it public.

       Article 17　The plan for reaching the standard of urban atmospheric environmental quality within a time limit shall be evaluated and revised in a timely manner according to the requirements of air pollution prevention and control and the economic and technical conditions.

Chapter III Supervision and Administration of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

       Article 18　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall conduct environmental impact assessment and disclose environmental impact assessment documents in accordance with the law when building projects that have an impact on the atmospheric environment; Those who discharge pollutants into the atmosphere shall conform to the standards for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants and comply with the requirements for the control of the total discharge of key atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 19　Enterprises and institutions that discharge industrial waste gas or toxic and harmful air pollutants listed in the catalogue as stipulated in Article 78 of this Law, coal-fired heat source production and operation units of central heating facilities and other units that carry out pollution discharge permit management according to law shall obtain pollution discharge permits. The specific measures and implementation steps of pollutant discharge permit shall be stipulated by the State Council.

       Article 20　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who discharge pollutants into the atmosphere shall set up air pollutant discharge outlets in accordance with laws and regulations and the provisions of the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        It is forbidden to discharge atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision by stealing, tampering with or forging monitoring data, temporarily stopping production for the purpose of evading on-site inspection, opening emergency discharge channels in non-emergency situations, and abnormally operating air pollution prevention and control facilities.

       Article 21　The state exercises total control over the discharge of key air pollutants.

        The total emission control targets of key air pollutants shall be submitted to the State Council for approval and issued for implementation by the competent department of ecology and environment of the State Council after consulting the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, together with the comprehensive economic department of the State Council.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall control or reduce the total emission of key air pollutants in their respective administrative areas in accordance with the total emission control targets issued by the State Council.

        The specific measures for determining the total control target and decomposing the total control index shall be formulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the needs of the prevention and control of air pollution in their respective administrative areas, exercise total control over the discharge of other air pollutants other than national key air pollutants.

        The state gradually promotes the trading of emission rights of key air pollutants.

       Article 22　For areas that exceed the national total emission control index of key air pollutants or fail to meet the national goal of improving the atmospheric environmental quality, the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall, jointly with relevant departments, interview the main person in charge of the people’s government in the area, and suspend the examination and approval of the environmental impact assessment documents of the construction projects that add the total emission of key air pollutants in the area. The interview should be made public.

       Article 23　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council is responsible for formulating the monitoring and evaluation standards for atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, organizing the construction and management of the national monitoring network for atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, organizing the monitoring of atmospheric environmental quality and air pollution sources, and uniformly releasing information on the national atmospheric environmental quality.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for organizing the construction and management of the monitoring network of atmospheric environmental quality and atmospheric pollution sources in their respective administrative areas, carrying out monitoring of atmospheric environmental quality and atmospheric pollution sources, and uniformly releasing information on atmospheric environmental quality in their respective administrative areas.

       Article 24　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators shall, in accordance with the relevant state regulations and monitoring norms, monitor the industrial waste gas discharged by them and the toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants listed in the catalogue stipulated in Article 78 of this Law, and keep the original monitoring records. Among them, key pollutant discharge units should install and use automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant discharge, and connect with the monitoring equipment of the competent department of ecological environment to ensure the normal operation of the monitoring equipment and disclose the discharge information according to law. The specific measures for monitoring and the conditions of key pollutant discharge units shall be stipulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        The list of key pollutant discharge units shall be determined by the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the municipal level in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, according to the requirements of the atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of the administrative region, the total emission control index of key atmospheric pollutants, and the types, quantities and concentrations of atmospheric pollutants discharged by pollutant discharge units, and shall be determined in consultation with relevant departments and announced to the public.

       Article 25　Key pollutant discharge units shall be responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of automatic monitoring data. The competent department of ecological environment shall promptly investigate the abnormal transmission data of the automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant emission of key pollutant discharge units.

       Article 26　It is forbidden to occupy, damage or move or change the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring facilities and automatic monitoring equipment for atmospheric pollutant discharge without authorization.

       Article 27　The state implements the elimination system for processes, equipment and products that seriously pollute the atmospheric environment.

        The comprehensive economic department of the State Council shall, jointly with relevant departments of the State Council, determine the elimination period of technologies, equipment and products that seriously pollute the atmospheric environment, and incorporate them into the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies.

        Producers, importers, sellers or users shall stop producing, importing, selling or using the equipment and products listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit. The user of the process shall stop using the process listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit.

        Eliminated equipment and products shall not be transferred to others for use.

       Article 28　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council shall, jointly with relevant departments, establish and improve the air pollution damage assessment system.

       Article 29　The competent department of ecological environment and its environmental law enforcement agencies and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection have the right to supervise and inspect enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators that discharge atmospheric pollutants through on-site inspection and monitoring, automatic monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and far-infrared camera shooting. The inspected shall truthfully report the situation and provide necessary information. The departments, institutions and their staff who carry out the inspection shall keep business secrets for the inspected.

       Article 30　Where enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators discharge atmospheric pollutants in violation of laws and regulations, causing or likely to cause serious air pollution, or relevant evidence may be lost or concealed, the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection may take administrative compulsory measures such as sealing up and detaining relevant facilities, equipment and articles.

       Article 31　The competent department of ecological environment and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection shall publish the telephone number and e-mail address of the report to facilitate the public to report.

        The competent department of ecological environment and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection shall handle the report in time and keep the relevant information of the informant confidential; If the real name is reported, the results should be fed back. If it is verified, the results will be disclosed to the public according to law, and the whistleblower will be rewarded.

        Where an informer reports to his unit, the unit shall not take revenge on the informer by dissolving or changing the labor contract or by other means.

Chapter IV Measures for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

Section 1 Prevention and Control of Coal Burning and Other Energy Pollution

　　Article 32　Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should take measures to adjust the energy structure and promote the production and use of clean energy; Optimize the use of coal, promote the clean and efficient use of coal, gradually reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption, and reduce the emission of air pollutants in the process of coal production, use and transformation.

       Article 33　The state promotes coal washing and processing, reduces the sulfur content and ash content of coal, and restricts the mining of coal with high sulfur content and ash content. Newly-built coal mines should simultaneously build supporting coal washing facilities to make the sulfur content and ash content of coal reach the prescribed standards; In addition to the coal with low sulfur content and ash content, or the coal-fired power plant that has reached the discharge standard does not need washing, the completed coal mine shall build supporting coal washing facilities within a time limit.

        It is forbidden to mine coal containing toxic and harmful substances such as radioactivity and arsenic that exceed the prescribed standards.

       Article 34　The state adopts economic and technical policies and measures conducive to the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and encourages and supports the development and popularization of clean coal technology.

        The state encourages coal mining enterprises to adopt reasonable and feasible technical measures to exploit and utilize coalbed methane and comprehensively utilize coal gangue. Engaged in the exploitation and utilization of coalbed methane, coalbed methane emissions shall comply with relevant standards and norms.

       Article 35　The state prohibits the import, sale and burning of coal that does not meet the quality standards, and encourages the burning of high-quality coal.

        Units storing coal, coal gangue, coal cinder, coal ash and other materials shall take fire prevention measures to prevent air pollution.

       Article 36　Local people’s governments at all levels should take measures to strengthen the management of civil loose coal, prohibit the sale of coal that does not meet the quality standards of civil loose coal, encourage residents to burn high-quality coal and clean briquette, and promote energy-saving and environment-friendly stoves.

       Article 37　Petroleum refining enterprises shall produce fuel in accordance with fuel quality standards.

        It is forbidden to import, sell and burn petroleum coke that does not meet the quality standards.

       Article 38　The people’s government of a city may delimit and publish the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels, and gradually expand the scope of the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels according to the requirements for improving the quality of the atmospheric environment. The catalogue of highly polluting fuels shall be determined by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council.

        In the no-burn zone, it is forbidden to sell and burn highly polluting fuels; It is forbidden to build or expand facilities that burn highly polluting fuels. If they have been completed, they should switch to natural gas, shale gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity or other clean energy sources within the time limit stipulated by the city people’s government.

       Article 39　Urban construction should be planned as a whole, and cogeneration and central heating should be promoted in coal-fired heating areas. In the area covered by central heating pipe network, it is forbidden to build or expand decentralized coal-fired heating boilers; Built coal-fired heating boilers that fail to meet the discharge standards shall be dismantled within the time limit prescribed by the city people’s government.

       Article 40　The market supervision and management department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the competent department of ecological environment, supervise and inspect the implementation of environmental protection standards or requirements in the production, import, sale and use of boilers; Those that do not meet the standards or requirements of environmental protection shall not be produced, imported, sold or used.

       Article 41　Coal-fired power plants and other coal-fired units shall adopt clean production technology, build supporting devices for dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification, or take other measures to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants such as technological transformation.

        The state encourages coal-burning units to adopt advanced technologies and devices for coordinated control of air pollutants such as dust removal, desulfurization, denitrification and mercury removal, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants.

       Article 42　Power dispatching should give priority to clean energy power generation.

Section 2 Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution

       Article 43　Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, etc. that discharge dust, sulfide and nitrogen oxides in the production process shall adopt clean production technology, build supporting devices such as dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification, or take other measures such as technological transformation to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 44　The production, import, sale and use of raw materials and products containing volatile organic compounds shall meet the quality standards or requirements.

        The State encourages the production, import, sale and use of organic solvents with low toxicity and low volatility.

       Article 45　Production and service activities that produce waste gas containing volatile organic compounds shall be carried out in confined spaces or equipment, and pollution prevention facilities shall be installed and used in accordance with regulations; If it cannot be sealed, measures should be taken to reduce exhaust emissions.

       Article 46　Industrial painting enterprises should use paints with low volatile organic compounds content, and establish ledgers to record the usage, waste, destination and volatile organic compounds content of production raw materials and auxiliary materials. The retention period of the ledger shall not be less than three years.

       Article 47　Petroleum, chemical and other enterprises that produce and use organic solvents shall take measures to carry out routine maintenance and repair of pipelines and equipment to reduce material leakage, and the leaked materials shall be collected and treated in time.

        Oil and gas storage depots, gas filling stations, crude oil and refined oil terminals, crude oil and refined oil transport vessels, oil tankers and gas tankers, etc. shall be installed with oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with relevant state regulations and maintained in normal use.

       Article 48　Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, pharmacy, mineral exploitation, etc. should strengthen fine management and take measures such as centralized collection and treatment to strictly control the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants.

        Industrial production enterprises should take measures such as sealing, enclosure, covering, cleaning and sprinkling water to reduce the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants generated in the storage, transmission, loading and unloading of internal materials.

       Article 49　Combustible gases produced by industrial production, landfill or other activities should be recycled, and pollution prevention and treatment should be carried out if the conditions for recycling are not met.

        If the combustible gas recovery and utilization device cannot operate normally, it shall be repaired or updated in time. If it is really necessary to discharge combustible gas during the period when the recycling device cannot operate normally, it shall fully burn the discharged combustible gas or take other measures to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants, and report to the local competent department of ecological environment, and repair or update it within a time limit as required.

Section 3 Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Ships

       Article 50　The state advocates low-carbon and environmentally-friendly travel, reasonably controls the number of fuel vehicles according to urban planning, vigorously develops urban public transport, and increases the proportion of public transport trips.

        The state adopts measures such as finance, taxation and government procurement to promote the application of energy-saving, environment-friendly and new energy motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery, restrict the development of motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery with high fuel consumption and high emissions, and reduce the consumption of fossil energy.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in areas where conditions permit, implement the emission limits at corresponding stages in the national emission standards for air pollutants from motor vehicles in advance and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record.

        The people’s governments of cities should strengthen and improve urban traffic management, optimize road settings, and ensure the continuity and smoothness of sidewalks and non-motor vehicle lanes.

       Article 51　Motor vehicles, boats and non-road mobile machinery shall not discharge atmospheric pollutants beyond the standard.

        It is prohibited to produce, import or sell motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery whose air pollutant emission exceeds the standard.

       Article 52　Motor vehicle and non-road mobile machinery production enterprises shall conduct emission inspection on newly produced motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery. Only those who pass the inspection can be sold out of the factory. Inspection information shall be disclosed to the public.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may strengthen the supervision and inspection of the air pollutant emission status of newly produced and sold motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery through on-site inspection and sampling inspection. Industry, market supervision and management and other relevant departments to cooperate.

       Article 53　Motor vehicles in use shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state or local authorities, be regularly inspected by motor vehicle emission inspection agencies. Only those who pass the inspection can drive on the road. Without passing the inspection, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall not issue the safety technical inspection mark.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level may supervise and sample the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles in use in centralized parking places and maintenance places; Under the condition of not affecting the normal traffic, remote sensing monitoring and other technical means can be used to supervise and sample the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles driving on the road, and the traffic management department of the public security organ will cooperate.

       Article 54　Motor vehicle emission inspection institutions shall pass metrological certification in accordance with the law, use motor vehicle emission inspection equipment that has passed the legal verification, conduct emission inspection on motor vehicles in accordance with the specifications formulated by the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, and connect with the competent department of ecological environment to realize real-time sharing of inspection data. Motor vehicle emission inspection institutions and their responsible persons are responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of inspection data.

        The competent department of ecological environment and the supervision and administration department of certification and accreditation shall supervise and inspect the emission inspection of motor vehicle emission inspection institutions.

       Article 55　Motor vehicle manufacturing and importing enterprises shall announce to the public the emission inspection information, pollution control technical information and relevant maintenance technical information of their manufactured and imported motor vehicle models.

        Motor vehicle maintenance units shall, in accordance with the requirements for the prevention and control of air pollution and the relevant technical specifications of the state, maintain motor vehicles in use so that they can meet the prescribed emission standards. The competent departments of transportation and ecological environment shall strengthen supervision and management according to law.

        It is forbidden for motor vehicle owners to pass the motor vehicle emission inspection by temporarily replacing motor vehicle pollution control devices and other fraudulent means. Motor vehicle maintenance units are prohibited from providing such maintenance services. It is forbidden to destroy the on-board emission diagnosis system of motor vehicles.

       Article 56　The competent department of ecological environment shall, jointly with the relevant departments of transportation, housing and urban-rural construction, agricultural administration, water administration, etc., supervise and inspect the emission status of air pollutants from non-road mobile machinery, and shall not be used if the emission is unqualified.

       Article 57　The state advocates environmentally-friendly driving, and encourages drivers of fuel-fired motor vehicles to put out their engines without affecting road traffic and stopping for more than three minutes, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants.

       Article 58　The state establishes a recall system for environmental protection of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery.

        If the production and import enterprises know that the air pollutants discharged by motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery exceed the standard, which are design and production defects or do not meet the specified environmental protection durability requirements, they shall recall them; If it is not recalled, the the State Council Municipal Market Supervision and Management Department shall, jointly with the the State Council Ecological Environment Department, order it to be recalled.

       Article 59　Heavy-duty diesel vehicles and off-road mobile machinery in use are not equipped with pollution control devices, or the pollution control devices do not meet the requirements and cannot meet the discharge standards, and pollution control devices that meet the requirements shall be installed or replaced.

       Article 60　If the air pollutants discharged by motor vehicles in use exceed the standard, they shall be maintained; After maintenance or the use of pollution control technology, the emission of air pollutants still does not meet the national emission standards for motor vehicles in use, and it should be scrapped. The owner shall sell the motor vehicle to the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprise, and the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprise shall register, dismantle and destroy it in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

        The state encourages and supports high-emission motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery to be scrapped in advance.

       Article 61　The people’s government of a city may, according to the quality of the atmospheric environment, designate and publish areas where the use of high-emission off-road mobile machinery is prohibited.

       Article 62　Ship inspection agencies conduct emission inspection on ship engines and related equipment. The ship can only operate if it meets the national emission standards after inspection.

       Article 63　Direct ships in inland rivers and rivers and seas should use ordinary diesel oil that meets the standards. Ocean-going ships should use marine fuel that meets the requirements of air pollutant control after berthing.

        The newly-built wharf shall plan, design and build shore-based power supply facilities; The completed wharf shall gradually implement the transformation of shore-based power supply facilities. Ships should give priority to shore power after docking.

       Article 64　The competent department of transportation of the State Council may designate a control area for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants from ships in coastal waters, and the ships entering the control area shall meet the relevant discharge requirements of ships.

       Article 65　It is forbidden to produce, import and sell fuels for motor vehicles, boats and non-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards; It is forbidden to sell ordinary diesel oil and other non-motor vehicle fuels to automobiles and motorcycles; It is forbidden to sell residual oil and heavy oil to non-road mobile machinery, inland rivers and river-sea direct ships.

       Article 66　The contents of harmful substances in engine oil, nitrogen oxide reductant, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives and other atmospheric environmental protection indicators shall meet the requirements of relevant standards, and shall not damage the effect and durability of pollution control devices for motor vehicles and ships, and shall not increase the discharge of new atmospheric pollutants.

       Article 67　The state actively promotes the prevention and control of air pollution by civil aircraft, and encourages effective measures to reduce the emission of air pollutants in the process of design, production and use.

        Civil aircraft shall meet the requirements of engine emissions in the airworthiness standards stipulated by the state.

The fourth quarter dust pollution prevention and control

       Article 68　Local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the management of construction and transportation, keep roads clean, control the stacking of materials and muck, expand the paved area of green space, water surface, wetland and ground, and prevent dust pollution.

        Housing and urban construction, city appearance and environmental sanitation, transportation, land and resources and other relevant departments shall, according to the responsibilities determined by the people’s government at the corresponding level, do a good job in the prevention and control of dust pollution.

       Article 69　The construction unit shall include the cost of preventing and controlling dust pollution in the project cost, and specify the responsibility of the construction unit for preventing and controlling dust pollution in the construction contract. The construction unit shall formulate a specific implementation plan for the prevention and control of construction dust pollution.

        Construction units engaged in building construction, municipal infrastructure construction, river regulation and building demolition shall file with the competent department in charge of supervision and management of dust pollution prevention and control.

        The construction unit shall set up a hard enclosure at the construction site, and take effective dust-proof and dust-reduction measures such as covering, subsection operation, timing construction, sprinkling water to suppress dust, washing the ground and vehicles. Construction earthwork, engineering muck and construction waste shall be removed in time; Stacking in the site shall be covered with a closed dustproof net. Engineering muck and construction waste should be treated as resources.

        The construction unit shall publicize the information of dust pollution prevention and control measures, the person in charge and the competent department of dust supervision and management at the construction site.

        The construction unit shall cover the bare ground for the construction land that can not be started temporarily; For more than three months, it shall be afforested, paved or covered.

       Article 70　Vehicles transporting coal, garbage, muck, sand and gravel, earthwork, mortar and other bulk and fluid materials shall adopt sealing or other measures to prevent dust pollution caused by the spillage of materials, and drive along the prescribed route.

        Loading and unloading materials should be sealed or sprayed to prevent dust pollution.

        The people’s government of a city shall strengthen the management of cleaning and cleaning of roads, squares, parking lots and other public places, and implement low-dust operation methods such as clean power mechanized cleaning to prevent and control dust pollution.

       Article 71　The relevant departments shall organize the implementation of greening or permeable pavement in accordance with the planning for the exposed ground of municipal rivers, along rivers, public land and other towns.

       Article 72　Storage of coal, coal gangue, cinder, coal ash, cement, lime, gypsum, sand and other materials that are easy to produce dust should be sealed; If it can’t be sealed, a tight enclosure not lower than the height of the stacked objects shall be set up, and effective covering measures shall be taken to prevent and control dust pollution.

        Docks, mines, landfills and disposal sites shall be divided into zones and effective measures shall be taken to prevent and control dust pollution.

Section 5 Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Other Pollution

       Article 73　Local people’s governments at all levels should promote the transformation of agricultural production methods, develop agricultural circular economy, increase support for comprehensive waste treatment, and strengthen the control of air pollutants discharged from agricultural production and operation activities.

       Article 74　Agricultural producers and operators should improve fertilization methods, scientifically and rationally apply chemical fertilizers and use pesticides in accordance with relevant state regulations, so as to reduce the emission of air pollutants such as ammonia and volatile organic compounds.

        It is forbidden to spray highly toxic and toxic pesticides on trees and flowers in densely populated areas.

       Article 75　Livestock and poultry farms and farming communities shall collect, store, remove and harmlessly treat sewage, livestock manure and corpses in time to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 76　People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments of agricultural administration should encourage and support the adoption of advanced and applicable technologies to comprehensively utilize straw, fallen leaves, such as fertilizer, feed, energy, industrial raw materials and edible fungi as base materials, and increase financial subsidies for straw returning to fields and collecting integrated agricultural machinery.

        The people’s governments at the county level shall organize the establishment of a service system for straw collection, storage, transportation and comprehensive utilization, and adopt financial subsidies and other measures to support rural collective economic organizations, farmers’ professional cooperative economic organizations and enterprises to carry out straw collection, storage, transportation and comprehensive utilization services.

       Article 77　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall delimit areas and prohibit the open burning of straw, fallen leaves and other substances that produce smoke pollution.

       Article 78　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council shall, jointly with the administrative department of health in the State Council, publish a list of toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants according to the harm and influence of atmospheric pollutants on public health and ecological environment, and implement risk management.

        Enterprises and institutions that discharge toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants listed in the catalogue specified in the preceding paragraph shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, build an environmental risk early warning system, regularly monitor the discharge outlets and the surrounding environment, assess environmental risks, investigate environmental safety hazards, and take effective measures to prevent environmental risks.

       Article 79　Enterprises, institutions, other producers and operators who discharge persistent organic pollutants into the atmosphere and the operating units of waste incineration facilities shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, adopt technical methods and processes that are conducive to reducing the emission of persistent organic pollutants, and equip them with effective purification devices to achieve the discharge standards.

       Article 80　Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who produce malodorous gases in their production and business activities shall choose a scientific site, set a reasonable protective distance, install purification devices or take other measures to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 81　Operators of catering services that discharge lampblack shall install lampblack purification facilities and keep them in normal use, or take other lampblack purification measures to discharge lampblack up to the standard and prevent pollution to the normal living environment of nearby residents.

        It is forbidden to build, rebuild or expand catering service projects that produce oil smoke, odor and waste gas in residential buildings, commercial and residential complex buildings without special flues and commercial floors adjacent to residential floors in commercial and residential complex buildings.

        No unit or individual may barbecue food in the open air or provide a venue for barbecue food in the area prohibited by the local people’s government.

       Article 82　It is forbidden to burn asphalt, linoleum, rubber, plastic, leather, garbage and other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke and malodorous gases in densely populated areas and other areas that need special protection according to law.

        It is forbidden to produce, sell and set off fireworks and firecrackers that do not meet the quality standards. No unit or individual is allowed to set off fireworks and firecrackers in the time and area prohibited by the city people’s government.

       Article 83　The state encourages and advocates civilized and green sacrifices.

        Crematorium should be equipped with pollution prevention and control facilities such as dust removal and keep it in normal use to prevent it from affecting the surrounding environment.

       Article 84　Operators engaged in clothing dry cleaning and motor vehicle maintenance and other service activities shall set up pollution prevention facilities such as odor and waste gas treatment devices in accordance with relevant national standards or requirements and keep them in normal use to prevent the surrounding environment from being affected.

       Article 85　The state encourages and supports the production and use of substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, and gradually reduces or even stops the production and use of ozone-depleting substances.

        The state exercises total control and quota management over the production, use, import and export of ozone-depleting substances. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Chapter V Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas

       Article 86　The state establishes a joint prevention and control mechanism for air pollution in key areas, and coordinates the prevention and control of air pollution in key areas. According to the main function zoning, regional atmospheric environmental quality and the law of air pollution transmission and diffusion, the competent department of ecological environment in the State Council has designated the national key areas for air pollution prevention and control, and submitted them to the State Council for approval.

        The people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas shall determine the local people’s governments to take the lead, hold joint meetings regularly, carry out joint prevention and control of air pollution in accordance with the requirements of unified planning, unified standards, unified monitoring and unified prevention and control measures, and implement the target responsibility of air pollution prevention and control. The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council should strengthen guidance and supervision.

        Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may designate key areas for the prevention and control of air pollution within their respective administrative areas with reference to the provisions of the first paragraph.

       Article 87　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the national key areas for air pollution prevention and control, shall, according to the economic and social development of key areas and the carrying capacity of atmospheric environment, formulate an action plan for joint prevention and control of air pollution in key areas, clarify the control objectives, optimize the regional economic layout, coordinate traffic management, develop clean energy, put forward key prevention and control tasks and measures, and promote the improvement of atmospheric environment quality in key areas.

       Article 88　The comprehensive economic department in the State Council, together with the ecological environment department in the State Council, will further improve the requirements of environmental protection, energy consumption, safety and quality in light of the actual industrial development and atmospheric environmental quality in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control.

        The people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas shall implement stricter emission standards for air pollutants from motor vehicles, unify the inspection methods and emission limits of motor vehicles in use, and supply qualified motor fuel.

       Article 89　Planning for industrial parks, development zones, regional industries and development that may cause serious pollution to the atmospheric environment in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control shall be conducted in accordance with the law. Planning authorities shall consult with the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or relevant departments in key areas.

        In key areas, the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall timely inform relevant information and hold consultations on projects that may have a significant impact on the atmospheric environmental quality of neighboring provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

        The consultation opinions and their adoption shall serve as an important basis for the review or approval of environmental impact assessment documents.

       Article 90　Where coal projects are newly built, rebuilt or expanded in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, coal shall be replaced by the same amount or reduced amount.

       Article 91　The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council shall organize the establishment of information sharing mechanisms for atmospheric environmental quality monitoring and air pollution source monitoring in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, and analyze the sources and changing trends of air pollution in key areas by using new technologies such as monitoring, simulation, satellite, aerial survey and remote sensing, and make them public.

       Article 92　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the key areas of national air pollution prevention and control may organize relevant departments to carry out joint law enforcement, cross-regional law enforcement and cross-border law enforcement.

Chapter VI Response to Heavy Pollution Weather

       Article 93　The state establishes a monitoring and early warning system for heavily polluted weather.

        The competent department of ecological environment of the State Council shall, jointly with the competent meteorological department of the State Council and other relevant departments, and the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the key areas of national air pollution prevention and control, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for heavy pollution weather in key areas, and unify the grading standards for early warning. Where regional heavy pollution weather may occur, it shall promptly notify the people’s governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in key areas.

        The competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts shall, jointly with the competent meteorological departments and other relevant departments, establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for heavy polluted weather in their respective administrative areas.

       Article 94　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the heavy pollution weather response into the emergency management system.

        The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts, as well as the people’s governments at the county level where heavy pollution weather may occur, shall formulate emergency plans for heavy pollution weather, file them with the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at the next higher level, and announce them to the public.

       Article 95　The competent department of ecological environment of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts shall establish a consultation mechanism with the competent meteorological departments to forecast the quality of atmospheric environment. If heavy pollution weather may occur, it shall report to the people’s government at the corresponding level in a timely manner. The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts make comprehensive judgments based on the forecast information of heavily polluted weather, determine the early warning level and issue early warning in time. The early warning level is adjusted in time according to the situation. No unit or individual may release the forecast and early warning information of heavy pollution weather to the society without authorization.

        After the early warning information is released, the people’s government and its relevant departments shall inform the public to take health protection measures, guide the public to travel and adjust other related social activities through television, radio, internet and short messages.

       Article 96　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the warning level of heavily polluted weather, start the emergency plan in time. According to the emergency needs, they can take emergency measures such as ordering relevant enterprises to stop production or production, restricting the driving of some motor vehicles, prohibiting the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers, stopping earthwork and demolition of buildings on the construction site, stopping open-air barbecues, stopping outdoor activities organized by kindergartens and schools, and organizing weather modification operations.

        After the end of the emergency response, the people’s government shall timely carry out the evaluation of the implementation of the emergency plan, and timely revise and improve the emergency plan.

       Article 97　In the event of an environmental emergency that causes air pollution, the people’s government and its relevant departments and relevant enterprises and institutions shall do a good job in emergency handling in accordance with the provisions of the Emergency Response Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). The competent department of ecological environment shall timely monitor the atmospheric pollutants produced by sudden environmental incidents and publish the monitoring information to the society.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

       Article 98　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses to accept the supervision and inspection of the competent department of ecological environment and its environmental law enforcement agencies or other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection by refusing to enter the site, or commits fraud when accepting the supervision and inspection, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level or other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection to make corrections and be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

       Article 99　In violation of the provisions of this law, anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to correct or restrict production, stop production for rectification, and be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down:

        (1) Discharging atmospheric pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit according to law;

        (2) Discharging atmospheric pollutants that exceed the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants or exceed the total emission control targets of key atmospheric pollutants;

        (3) Discharging atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision.

       Article 100　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 20,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification:

        (a) occupation, damage or unauthorized movement, change of atmospheric environmental quality monitoring facilities or automatic monitoring equipment for atmospheric pollutant discharge;

        (2) failing to monitor the discharged industrial waste gas and toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants in accordance with the regulations and keeping the original monitoring records;

        (3) Failing to install and use automatic monitoring equipment for air pollutant discharge in accordance with the regulations or failing to connect with the monitoring equipment of the competent department of ecological environment in accordance with the regulations, and ensuring the normal operation of the monitoring equipment;

        (four) the key pollutant discharge units do not disclose or not disclose the automatic monitoring data truthfully;

        (five) failing to set up the air pollutant discharge port in accordance with the regulations.

       Article 101　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces, imports, sells or uses equipment and products prohibited in the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies, adopts technologies prohibited in the catalogue of national comprehensive industrial policies, or transfers obsolete equipment and products to others for use, shall be ordered by the competent department for comprehensive economic affairs of the people’s government at or above the county level and the customs to make corrections according to their duties, confiscate the illegal income, and impose a fine ranging from one time to three times the value of the goods; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down. If the import behavior constitutes smuggling, the customs shall punish it according to law.

       Article 102　In violation of the provisions of this law, if a coal mine fails to build supporting coal washing facilities in accordance with the provisions, the competent energy department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, mines coal containing toxic and harmful substances such as radioactivity and arsenic that exceed the prescribed standards shall be ordered by the people’s government at or above the county level to suspend business or close down according to the authority prescribed by the State Council.

       Article 103　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the market supervision and administration department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, confiscate raw materials, products and illegal income, and impose a fine of more than one time and less than three times the value of the goods:

        (1) selling coal and petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards;

        (2) Producing and selling raw materials and products whose volatile organic compounds content does not meet the quality standards or requirements;

        (3) producing and selling fuels, engine oils, nitrogen oxide reductants, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives for motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards;

        (4) selling highly polluting fuels in the no-burn zone.

       Article 104　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the Customs to make corrections, confiscate raw materials, products and illegal income, and impose a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods; If it constitutes smuggling, it shall be punished by the customs according to law:

        (1) importing coal and petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards;

        (2) Importing raw materials and products whose volatile organic compounds content does not meet the quality standards or requirements;

        (3) importing fuel, engine oil, nitrogen oxide reducing agent, fuel and lubricating oil additives and other additives for motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the standards.

       Article 105　In violation of the provisions of this law, units that burn coal or petroleum coke that do not meet the quality standards shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined at least one time but not more than three times the value of the goods.

       Article 106　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses fuel oil for ships that does not meet the standards or requirements shall be fined between 10,000 yuan and 100,000 yuan by the maritime administrative agency and the fishery administrative department according to their duties.

       Article 107　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, builds or expands facilities burning highly polluting fuels in no-burn zones, or fails to stop burning highly polluting fuels in accordance with the provisions, or builds or expands decentralized coal-fired heating boilers in areas covered by urban central heating network, or fails to dismantle coal-fired heating boilers that have been built and fail to meet the discharge standards in accordance with the provisions, the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall confiscate the facilities burning highly polluting fuels, organize the dismantling of coal-fired heating boilers, and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces, imports, sells or uses boilers that do not meet the prescribed standards or requirements shall be ordered by the market supervision and management department and the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.

       Article 108　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 20,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification:

        (a) the production and service activities that produce waste gas containing volatile organic compounds are not carried out in confined spaces or equipment, pollution prevention facilities are not installed and used in accordance with regulations, or measures to reduce waste gas emissions are not taken;

        (2) The industrial painting enterprise has not used the paint with low volatile organic content or has not established and kept a ledger;

        (3) Petroleum, chemical and other enterprises that produce and use organic solvents fail to take measures for routine maintenance and repair of pipelines and equipment to reduce material leakage or fail to collect and treat the leaked materials in time;

        (4) failing to install and normally use oil and gas recovery devices in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, such as oil storage and gas storage depots, refueling stations, oil tankers and gas tankers;

        (5) Enterprises such as iron and steel, building materials, nonferrous metals, petroleum, chemical industry, pharmacy, mineral exploitation, etc. fail to take measures such as centralized collection and treatment, sealing, enclosure, covering, cleaning and sprinkling water to control and reduce the discharge of dust and gaseous pollutants;

        (6) The combustible gas generated in industrial production, landfill or other activities has not been recycled, the conditions for recycling have not been met, pollution prevention and treatment has not been carried out, or the combustible gas recycling device cannot operate normally and has not been repaired or updated in time.

       Article 109　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that exceed the pollutant discharge standards shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level to make corrections, and the illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods shall be imposed, and the motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that fail to meet the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated and destroyed; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop production and rectification, and shall be ordered by the competent department of motor vehicle production in the State Council to stop production of this model.

        In violation of the provisions of this Law, if a motor vehicle or off-road mobile machinery production enterprise cheats on the engine and pollution control device, shoddy it and sells it as a product that has passed the emission inspection, the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order it to stop production and rectify, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of more than one time but less than three times the value of the goods, confiscate and destroy the motor vehicle or off-road mobile machinery that cannot meet the pollutant emission standards, and order it to stop production of this model by the competent department of motor vehicle production in the State Council.

       Article 110　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, imports or sells motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that exceed the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated by the market supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the county level and the customs in accordance with their duties, and shall be fined between one and three times the value of the goods, and the motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that fail to meet the pollutant discharge standards shall be confiscated and destroyed; If the import behavior constitutes smuggling, the customs shall punish it according to law.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, the seller shall be responsible for the repair, replacement and return of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery that do not meet the pollutant discharge standards; If losses are caused to the buyer, the seller shall compensate for the losses.

       Article 111　In violation of the provisions of this law, motor vehicle production and import enterprises fail to disclose the emission inspection information or pollution control technical information of their production and import motor vehicle models to the public in accordance with the provisions, and the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, motor vehicle production and import enterprises fail to publicize the relevant maintenance technical information of their production and import motor vehicle models to the public in accordance with the provisions, and the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

       Article 112　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, forges the emission inspection results of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery or issues false emission inspection reports shall be confiscated by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level, and shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the inspection qualification shall be cancelled by the department responsible for qualification identification.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, forges the results of ship emission inspection or issues false emission inspection reports shall be punished by the maritime administrative agency according to law.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, passes the vehicle emission inspection or destroys the vehicle-mounted emission diagnosis system by temporarily replacing the vehicle pollution control device, etc., shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the owner of the vehicle shall be fined 5,000 yuan; The motor vehicle maintenance unit shall be fined 5,000 yuan per motor vehicle.

       Article 113　In violation of the provisions of this law, if a motor vehicle driver drives a motor vehicle that fails to pass the emission inspection on the road, the traffic management department of the public security organ shall punish him according to law.

       Article 114　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses non-road mobile machinery with unqualified emissions, or fails to install or replace pollution control devices in heavy-duty diesel vehicles and non-road mobile machinery in use, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections according to their duties and be fined 5,000 yuan.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, the use of high-emission non-road mobile machinery in areas where the use of high-emission non-road mobile machinery is prohibited shall be punished by the competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s government of the city according to law.

       Article 115　In violation of the provisions of this law, if the construction unit commits any of the following acts, the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with its duties, order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop rectification:

        (a) the construction site is not equipped with a hard enclosure, or fails to take effective dust control and dust reduction measures such as covering, subsection operation, timely construction, sprinkling water to suppress dust, washing the ground and vehicles;

        (two) the construction earthwork, engineering muck, construction waste is not removed in time, or not covered by closed dustproof net.

        In violation of the provisions of this law, if the construction unit fails to cover the exposed ground of the construction land that cannot be started temporarily, or fails to green, pave or cover the exposed ground of the construction land that cannot be started for more than three months, the competent departments of housing and urban and rural construction of the people’s government at or above the county level shall punish it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

       Article 116　In violation of the provisions of this Law, vehicles transporting bulk and fluid materials such as coal, garbage, muck, sand and gravel, earthwork, mortar, etc. fail to take sealing or other measures to prevent the materials from being scattered, and the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 2,000 yuan and less than 20,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, vehicles are not allowed to drive on the road.

       Article 117　In violation of the provisions of this law, anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections in accordance with his duties and be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop rectification or suspend business for rectification:

        (a) coal, coal gangue, cinder, coal ash, cement, lime, gypsum, sand and other materials that are easy to produce dust are not sealed;

        (two) for the materials that can not be sealed and are easy to produce dust, there is no strict enclosure not lower than the height of the stack, or no effective covering measures are taken to prevent and control dust pollution;

        (three) loading and unloading materials are not closed or sprayed to control dust emission;

        (four) storage of coal, coal gangue, coal cinder, coal ash and other materials, without taking fire prevention measures;

        (five) docks, mines, landfills and disposal sites have not taken effective measures to prevent and control dust pollution;

        (6) Enterprises and institutions that discharge toxic and harmful air pollutants listed in the Catalogue of Toxic and Harmful Air Pollutants fail to build an environmental risk early warning system or regularly monitor the discharge outlets and the surrounding environment, investigate potential environmental safety hazards and take effective measures to prevent environmental risks;

        (7) Enterprises, institutions, other producers and operators who discharge persistent organic pollutants into the atmosphere and the operating units of waste incineration facilities fail to adopt technical methods and processes conducive to reducing the emission of persistent organic pollutants and equip them with purification devices in accordance with relevant state regulations;

        (eight) no measures have been taken to prevent the emission of malodorous gases.

       Article 118　In violation of the provisions of this Law, catering service operators who discharge lampblack have not installed lampblack purification facilities, used lampblack purification facilities abnormally or adopted other lampblack purification measures, and discharged lampblack beyond the emission standard, the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

        In violation of the provisions of this Law, the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level shall order the newly-built, rebuilt or expanded catering service projects that produce oil fume, odor and waste gas in residential buildings, commercial and residential buildings without supporting special flues, and commercial floors adjacent to residential floors in commercial and residential buildings; Refuses to correct, be closed, and impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than one hundred thousand yuan.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, barbecues food in the open air or provides a venue for barbecued food in a time period and area prohibited by the local people’s government shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and his barbecue tools and illegal income shall be confiscated, and he shall also be fined not less than 500 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan.

       Article 119　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, sprays highly toxic pesticides on trees, flowers and plants in densely populated areas, or burns straw, fallen leaves and other substances that produce smoke and dust pollution in the open air shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and may be fined from 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, burns asphalt, linoleum, rubber, plastics, leather, garbage and other substances that produce toxic and harmful smoke and malodorous gases in densely populated areas and other areas that need special protection according to law shall be ordered by the supervision and administration department determined by the people’s government at the county level to make corrections, and the unit shall be fined from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan, and the individual shall be fined from 500 yuan to 2,000 yuan.

        Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, sets off fireworks and firecrackers in time periods and areas prohibited by the people’s government of a city shall be punished by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level according to law.

       Article 120　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in service activities such as clothing dry cleaning and motor vehicle maintenance, fails to install pollution prevention facilities such as odor and waste gas treatment devices and keeps them in normal use, thus affecting the surrounding environment, shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections and be fined between 2,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

       Article 121　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, releases forecast and early warning information of heavily polluted weather to the society without authorization, which constitutes a violation of public security management, shall be punished by the public security organ according to law.

        Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses to implement emergency measures for heavy polluted weather such as stopping earth and stone work on the construction site or demolishing buildings shall be fined at least 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan by the supervision and administration department determined by the local people’s government at or above the county level.

       Article 122　Those who violate the provisions of this law and cause air pollution accidents shall be fined by the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of this article; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel may be fined less than 50% of the income obtained from this enterprise or institution in the previous year.

        For those who cause general or large air pollution accidents, a fine shall be calculated according to the direct loss caused by the pollution accident, which is more than one time but less than three times; If a major or extraordinarily serious air pollution accident is caused, a fine shall be calculated according to the direct loss caused by the pollution accident of more than three times and less than five times.

       Article 123　In violation of the provisions of this law, enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who commit any of the following acts are fined, ordered to make corrections, and refuse to make corrections, the administrative organ that has made the punishment decision according to law may impose continuous penalties on a daily basis according to the original amount of punishment from the day following the day when it is ordered to make corrections:

        (1) Discharging atmospheric pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit according to law;

        (2) Discharging atmospheric pollutants that exceed the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants or exceed the total emission control targets of key atmospheric pollutants;

        (3) Discharging atmospheric pollutants by evading supervision;

        (4) failing to take effective measures to prevent and control dust pollution during construction or storage of materials that are prone to dust.

       Article 124　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this law, retaliates against an informer by dissolving or modifying the labor contract or by other means shall be liable in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws.

       Article 125　If the discharge of air pollutants causes damage, it shall bear tort liability according to law.

       Article 126　Local people’s governments at all levels, the competent departments of ecological environment of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of atmospheric environmental protection and their staff who abuse their powers, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for selfish ends and practise fraud shall be punished according to law.

       Article 127　Anyone who violates the provisions of this law and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

       Article 128　The prevention and control of air pollution in marine engineering shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.

       Article 129　This law shall come into force as of January 1, 2016.

　　According to the report of Jinan Health and Health Commission, from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, Jinan reported 2 newly confirmed local cases and 34 newly asymptomatic local infected people.

　　From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, 2 cases of confirmed cases in Jinan were discharged, and 5 cases of asymptomatic infection in Jinan were released from medical observation.

　　Case 1-17:All of them tested positive for nucleic acid during centralized isolation. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, one case was confirmed in COVID-19 and 16 cases were asymptomatic infected in Covid-19.

　　Case 18-28:The nucleic acid test of key personnel in the control area was positive. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, he was diagnosed as asymptomatic infected person in Covid-19.

　　Cases 29-36:Community health screening nucleic acid test was positive. On April 25th, after consultation by the expert group, one case was confirmed in COVID-19 and seven cases were asymptomatic infected in Covid-19. The preliminary epidemiological investigation track was subsequently released.

　　By 24: 00 on April 25, 2022, there were 18 locally confirmed cases and 278 locally asymptomatic infected people in Jinan. 3 cases of asymptomatic infection were imported from abroad.

In order to implement the requirements of the Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Tax Collection and Management issued by the Central Office and the State Council, and comprehensively promote the digital upgrade and intelligent transformation of tax collection and management, the Anhui Provincial Taxation Bureau of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China issued the Announcement of the Anhui Provincial Taxation Bureau of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the pilot work of comprehensively digitizing electronic invoices (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement). The interpretation is as follows.

1. What is the background of launching a comprehensive digital electronic invoice pilot?

In order to implement the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Tax Collection and Management" issued by the Central Office and the State Council, comprehensively promote the digital upgrade and intelligent transformation of tax collection and management, and reduce the cost of collection and payment, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has built a national unified electronic invoice service platform. Since December 1, 2021, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has carried out a comprehensive digital electronic invoice pilot project in Guangdong Province (excluding Shenzhen, the same below), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shanghai (hereinafter referred to as the "pilot area"), and the system runs smoothly.

In order to further promote the comprehensive digital electronic invoice pilot work, with the consent of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, from July 18, 2022, Anhui taxpayers will only accept invoices issued by some taxpayers in the pilot areas through the electronic invoice service platform.

2. What are the face information of all-electric invoices?

The face information of all-electric invoice includes basic content and specific content.

The basic contents mainly include: QR code, invoice number, invoice date, buyer’s information, seller’s information, project name, specifications, unit, quantity, unit price, amount, tax rate/collection rate, tax amount, total, total price and tax (in words and figures), remarks and drawer. The invoice number of the all-electric invoice is 20 digits, of which, the 1st-2nd digits represent the last two digits of the Gregorian calendar year, the 3rd-4th digits represent the administrative division codes of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, the 5th digit represents the information such as the issuing channels of all-electric invoices, and the 6th-20th digits represent the information such as sequence codes.

In order to meet the individual needs of taxpayers engaged in specific industries, businesses with special taxable behaviors and specific application scenarios (hereinafter referred to as "specific business"), the tax authorities have designed corresponding specific contents in all-electric invoices according to the relevant provisions of current invoice issuance and specific business scenarios. Specific businesses include but are not limited to: rare earth, construction services, passenger transport services, cargo transport services, real estate sales, real estate business leasing services, agricultural product acquisition, photovoltaic acquisition, vehicle and vessel tax collection, self-produced agricultural product sales, differential taxation, etc. When obtaining all-electric invoices, taxpayers in Anhui Province can put forward specific business requirements to the drawer according to the actual business development situation, and the drawer will fill in the information in the invoice remarks and other columns as required in the specific content columns, further standardizing the invoice face content and facilitating the use of taxpayers in Anhui Province. The face of all-electric invoice for a specific business shows the corresponding information according to the specific content, and the words of this business type are displayed in the upper left corner of the face.

3. What are the advantages of using all-electric invoices?

(1) It is more convenient to use tickets.

The application of invoice data is richer. It is convenient for tax authorities to standardize the management of invoice data and lay a data foundation for providing taxpayers with tax declaration and pre-filling services.

The use of invoices meets individual business needs. All-electric invoice breaks the requirement of specific format, increases the data message format of XML to facilitate delivery, while retaining formats such as PDF and OFD, reducing the cost of invoice use and improving the convenience and acquisition of taxpayers’ tickets. All-electric invoice styles are displayed differently according to different businesses to provide taxpayers with better personalized services.

(2) Integration of recording and filing

The tax authorities will make and issue electronic invoice data specifications and national standards, realize the digital circulation of all-electric invoices, and further promote the informationization of accounting and financial management of enterprises and administrative institutions.

4. How do Anhui taxpayers receive invoices issued through the electronic invoice service platform? What types of invoices are included?

Taxpayers in Anhui Province can receive all-electric invoices with the words "special VAT invoice", all-electric invoices with the words "ordinary invoice", special paper VAT invoices (hereinafter referred to as "special paper invoices") and ordinary paper VAT invoices (folding tickets, hereinafter referred to as "ordinary paper invoices") issued by taxpayers in pilot areas through the electronic invoice service platform.

Anhui taxpayers can receive the above-mentioned invoices issued through the electronic invoice service platform through the comprehensive service platform for VAT invoices. In addition, all-electric invoices delivered by the seller by e-mail or QR code can also be obtained.

5. What is the difference between the paper special tickets and paper general tickets issued by taxpayers in Anhui Province through the electronic invoice service platform and those issued by the VAT invoice management system?

Taxpayers in Anhui Province have received paper special tickets and paper general tickets issued through the electronic invoice service platform, and their legal effects, basic uses and basic usage provisions are the same as those of the existing paper special tickets and paper general tickets. Compared with the existing paper-based special tickets and paper-based general tickets, the paper-based special tickets and paper-based general tickets issued by the electronic invoice service platform are different in that after the paper-based special tickets and paper-based general tickets are issued by the electronic invoice service platform, the password area of the paper-based special tickets and paper-based general tickets will no longer display the invoice ciphertext, but the password area will display the 20-digit invoice number given by the electronic invoice service platform and the website of the national VAT invoice inspection platform.

Six, Anhui taxpayers received invoices issued through the electronic invoice service platform, sales returns, billing errors, sales discounts, etc., and the drawer needs to issue red-ink invoices. What should I do?

(1) If the drawee has not confirmed the use and entered the account, the drawer shall fill out the Confirmation Sheet of Red-ink Invoice Information on the electronic invoice service platform (hereinafter referred to as the Confirmation Sheet, see Annex 2) and then issue a red-ink full electric invoice or a red-ink paper invoice without confirmation by the drawee. Among them, the Confirmation Sheet should be consistent with the corresponding blue-ink invoice information.

Example 1: In June 2022, Company I (the taxpayer who issues invoices through the electronic invoice service platform) provided design services for Company J (the taxpayer in Anhui Province). On June X, 2022, Company I has issued an all-electric invoice for Company J with the words "special VAT invoice". On June X, the service was terminated due to objective reasons. Before that, Company J did not confirm the use of the invoice and put it in the account, and Company I had to issue a full red-ink all-electric invoice.

Company I fills in and uploads the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform, without confirmation from Company J. After the system passes the automatic verification, Company I will issue a full red-letter full electric invoice based on the information of the confirmed confirmation sheet.

(2) If the drawee has confirmed the use or entered the account, the drawer shall fill out the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform or the drawee through the comprehensive service platform for value-added tax invoices. After confirmation by the other party, the drawer shall issue a red-ink invoice based on the Confirmation Sheet.

If the drawee has used the invoice for VAT declaration and deduction, it shall temporarily transfer it from the current input tax amount according to the VAT amount listed in the Confirmation Sheet, and after obtaining the red-ink invoice issued by the drawer, it shall be used as the accounting voucher together with the Confirmation Sheet.

Example 2: In June, 2022, Company N (the taxpayer who invoiced through the electronic invoice service platform) sold a batch of toys to Company P (the taxpayer in Anhui Province), and an all-electric invoice with the words "special VAT invoice" was issued, and Company P confirmed its use. In July 2022, it was found that the billing was wrong.

Case 1: The financial personnel of Company N fill out and upload the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. After the financial personnel of Company P complete the confirmation through the comprehensive service platform of VAT invoice within 72 hours, the financial personnel of Company N will issue a red-letter all-electric invoice accordingly.

Case 2: The financial personnel of Company P fill out and upload the Confirmation Sheet through the VAT invoice comprehensive service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. N Company’s financial personnel will issue a red-letter all-electric invoice after completing the confirmation through the electronic invoice service platform within 72 hours.

(3) If all-electric invoices or paper invoices issued by the pilot taxpayers through the electronic invoice service platform have been used to apply for export tax refund or tax refund on behalf of the taxpayers, red-ink invoices are temporarily not allowed to be issued.

7. What types of invoices can Anhui taxpayers obtain for use confirmation? What channels are used for confirmation?

Taxpayers in Anhui Province continue to log on to the VAT invoice comprehensive service platform to use the relevant VAT deduction voucher functions, and obtain VAT deduction vouchers such as all-electric invoices with the words "special VAT invoices", all-electric invoices with the words "ordinary invoices", paper special tickets and paper general tickets issued through the electronic invoice service platform. If they need to be used to declare the deduction of VAT input tax or apply for export tax refund or tax refund on behalf of others, they should confirm their use through the VAT invoice comprehensive service platform according to regulations.

8. Through what channels can Anhui taxpayers check the information of all-electric invoices?

Anhui taxpayers can check the information of all-electric invoices through the national VAT invoice inspection platform (https://inv-veri.chinatax.gov.cn).

9. What matters should be paid attention to when taxpayers in Anhui Province obtain all-electric invoice reimbursement for filing?

Taxpayers who obtain reimbursement of all-electric invoices for filing shall follow the relevant provisions of the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the National Archives Bureau on Regulating the Filing of Electronic Accounting Vouchers (No.6 [2020] of the Ministry of Finance, hereinafter referred to as the Notice) and the Measures for the Administration of Accounting Archives (Order No.79 of the Ministry of Finance and the National Archives Bureau).

　　The Spring Festival passes quickly, and I will go to work the day after tomorrow. How to carry out the work in the new year, CCTV Spring Festival Evening in 2019 may provide us with ideas and answers.

　　Watching and talking about the Spring Festival Gala is a popular entertainment for the people during the Spring Festival. Looking at it from another angle, the Spring Festival Evening is also an excellent starting point to interpret China’s economic trends. The Southern Economic Think Tank tries to interpret the economic signals released by CCTV Spring Festival Evening from three perspectives.

　　Visual angle 1

　　Four high-frequency words in the Spring Festival Evening

　　High-frequency words in CCTV Spring Festival Evening in 2019. Finishing Chen Yubing

　　Through the incomplete statistics of the host words, program lines, lyrics and other party elements,Science and technology, poverty alleviation, revival, express deliveryIt has become a high-frequency word in the CCTV Spring Festival Evening in 2019.

　　As the host of the Spring Festival Evening said, "Technology has changed life from extravagant imagination to real daily life". In the Shenzhen sub-venue, the embodiment of "science and technology" is more obvious, from the host words, program arrangement to stage design, which is very scientific and technological. An international science and technology innovation center with global influence is also one of the five strategic orientations of the central government for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area where Shenzhen is located.

　　In the party, it is more symbolic to realize the first 5G network transmission of 4K ultra-HD content in China:2019 is regarded as the first year of 5G commercialization, and the "digital economy" is expected to leverage 5G to achieve rapid development..

　　According to the China internet plus Index Report (2018) released by Tencent Research Institute, the national digital economy in 2017 was 26.70 trillion yuan, up 17.24% year-on-year, accounting for 32.28% of GDP.

　　Compared with 4G, the characteristics of 5G, such as wide-area coverage, high connection density, high hotspot capacity, low delay and high reliability, can not only meet people’s daily needs for high-speed networks, but also realize the "Internet of Everything", which opens the door for the large-scale popularization of China’s industrial Internet and urges the transformation of old and new kinetic energy in economic development. In other words, 5G empowerment will comprehensively accelerate the digitalization process of China’s economy and society.

　　Getting rid of poverty and becoming rich, and building a well-off society in an all-round way is an important task for the central government to read here, and it is of course fully displayed on the stage of the Spring Festival Evening. The "building canals, greenhouses, green ecological parks and food processing plants" mentioned in the Spring Festival Evening sketch are the important contents of industrial poverty alleviation. In 2019, fighting the tough battle against poverty is not only an important economic task, but also an important political task, which not only contains new opportunities and new space for economic development, but also is a powerful answer for China to face the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development.

　　There is a familiar prop on the stage of the Spring Festival Evening — — Fuxing train. During this period in Spring Festival travel rush, hundreds of millions of people returned home by rail. The high-speed train is not only a business card made in China, but also the best embodiment of the speed in China.

　　It is reported that this year, the national railway investment in fixed assets has maintained a strong scale, ensuring the production of 6800 kilometers of new lines, including 3200 kilometers of high-speed rail.By the end of 2019, the number of Fuxing vehicles put into operation reached 850.. With the improvement of modern transportation network with more high-speed rail and higher efficiency, the logistics cost is expected to be further reduced, and the flow speed of people, logistics, information flow and capital flow is expected to be further accelerated, making it a lubricant and accelerator for China’s economic development.

　　Combing this year’s Spring Festival Evening sketch shows will find an interesting phenomenon:Courier has become the hottest profession, and together with cleaning aunts, advertising practitioners, criminal police, house sales agents, and drivers, it forms a professional group that focuses on the Spring Festival Evening.. The general feature of these occupations is that they are all related to urban life and are front-line participants and builders of modern economy.

　　Among them, couriers have more distinctive characteristics of the times due to the rapid development of online consumption.

　　Just as hundreds of millions of people return home or travel, the same huge logistics is passed to thousands of households through the hands of countless courier brothers. As a new professional group born with the urbanization process, such as courier brother, how to better improve efficiency and their own income and integrate into urban development will be another important topic for China’s economic development.

　　Angle of view 2

　　Selection of three Spring Festival Gala venues

　　The selection of three sub-venues in the Spring Festival Gala is also very interesting.

　　From an economic point of view, tea in Jinggangshan, cars in Changchun and robots in Shenzhen respectively represent three industrial forms: traditional agriculture, modern manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing.. Three cities and three kinds of products from the old revolutionary base area in central China, the heavy industry base in northeast China and the southeast coast appeared on the stage of the Spring Festival Evening at the same time, which itself is a microcosm of China’s industrial economy.

　　This arrangement supports the basic pattern of the whole Spring Festival Evening in the expression of China’s economic stories. The program arrangement of the three sub-venues has strengthened this point.

　　The song and dance "Time No.1" in Changchun FAW Branch of Jilin Province has become an all-round exhibition of China FAW products. The deformed robot modified by FAW cars and the world’s largest indoor remote-controlled aircraft model show the great ambition of the old industrial base to speed up the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure.

　　In 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Shenshan Village, Mao Ping Township, Jinggangshan City, which appeared in the Jinggangshan Sub-venue, and now it has been lifted out of poverty together with six other administrative villages in the township. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that efforts should be made to increase the supply of high-quality green agricultural products. Jinggang Mountain is green, and it is one of the famous teas in Jiangxi Province. The song and dance "Please Tea Song" is all in full of green, from lyrics to costumes and stage design, full of tea fragrance, which is equivalent to using the super IP of Spring Festival Evening to make a favorite product promotion.

　　The song and dance "Fantasy of Youth" in Shenzhen Branch Hall has become a stage for robots and flexible screens, which fully reflects the strong strength and strong enterprising spirit of Shenzhen and even Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the fields of electronic information, intelligent manufacturing and other industries.

　　Compared with the first two venues, innovation is the most distinctive theme of Shenzhen Sub-venue in terms of stage layout, technical means of signal output and program presentation, which fully embodies the mission of this special zone city in "promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries and unswervingly building a manufacturing power".

　　The appearance of three sub-venues in succession fully embodies the development characteristics of regional economy and skillfully expounds the different aspects of China’s economic development.

　　At the same time, the seamless connection of the three sub-venues has a special symbolic meaning — —The development between different regions and different economic forms is by no means separated from each other..The development of the western region, the overall revitalization of the Northeast, the rise of the central region and the pioneering development of the eastern region are all indispensable and important contents for the country to achieve coordinated regional development. How to implement these national strategies and promote a more adequate and coordinated development of the national economy is a major point of view for China’s economy in 2019.

　　Angle of view 3

　　Opportunities for the sinking of the consumer market

　　Outside the stage, the list of sponsors of the Spring Festival Gala is an excellent material for a glimpse of China’s economic hotspots.

　　From Kangbas and Seagull Clocks in the 1980s to Chinese Bicycles, National pits, Wuliangye and other wine brands in the 1990s, Spring Festival Evening advertisements, as a "barometer of China economy", have reflected the economic changes in China for more than 30 years. It has become a true portrayal of the continuous upgrading of the domestic consumer market and the continuous enrichment of people’s living standards.

　　In the CCTV Spring Festival Evening in 2019, Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Baidu occupied an important position in extending the content sharing of the Spring Festival Evening with their platform advantages. What attracts people’s attention is that Pinduoduo, who was influenced by negative news, became the sponsor of the Spring Festival Gala.

　　Behind this round of sponsor replacement, mobile phones have become the absolute protagonist of network use. According to the 42nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China, as of June 2018, the number of Internet users in China was 802 million, including 788 million mobile phone users, accounting for 98.3% of Internet users from 97.5% in 2017.

　　Compared with Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, the economic significance of Pinduoduo’s appearance on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala is even more extraordinary.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference regards "promoting the formation of a strong domestic market" as an important content of economic work in 2019, and proposes to strive to meet the final demand, improve product quality, and accelerate the development of service industries such as education, child care, pension, medical care, culture and tourism.

　　Pinduoduo’s becoming a sponsor of the Spring Festival Evening not only shows that the online shopping field is still in fierce competition, but also shows that the consumer market is further enriched and the channels are sinking.

　　With the implementation of strategies such as rural revitalization and the adjustment of urban and rural economic structure towards a more coordinated pattern, the consumer markets in first-tier cities, third-and fourth-tier cities and even rural areas are rapidly opening up, and the upward channels of agricultural products are gradually getting through. These factors have provided unprecedented market space for new e-commerce companies like Pinduoduo.

　　The emergence of this phenomenon is supported by clear data.

　　Previously, the National Bureau of Statistics disclosed when analyzing the economic operation in 2018.In 2018, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents in China was 26,112 yuan, a nominal increase of 6.8%, 0.9 percentage points faster than the previous year; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 12,124 yuan, a nominal increase of 10.7%, 2.6 percentage points faster than the previous year..

　　In other words, the rapid growth of rural consumption and the gradual narrowing of the gap between urban and rural consumption have become new features of economic development. At present, the economy is facing downward pressure, and the rapid development of consumption market, especially in non-first-tier towns and rural areas, is even more critical to economic development.

　　The rapid development of new e-commerce such as Pinduoduo also means that the online shopping platform has completed the sinking of the "last mile" of the domestic rural terminal market, which means the rapid development of the digital economy in the consumer field. Accompanied by this, it is the further opening and integration of urban and rural consumer markets, and with the steady progress of building a well-off society in an all-round way, a huge market with a scale of 1.4 billion people with more integrity, coordination and comprehensive digitalization is taking shape.

　　In fact, regardless of urban and rural areas, there is still huge market space in many consumer areas. The "health care products for the elderly" suspected of selling fakes in "My son is coming" is both a legal issue and an economic issue — — As China enters an aging society, the consumption market of goods and services for the elderly needs to be improved urgently, and the improvement of its quantity and quality is also the key to promoting endogenous economic growth through consumption. People’s pursuit of a better life is also a great opportunity for China’s economy.

　　[Write] Wang Biao, a researcher at the Southern Economic Think Tank　　

　　[Overall Planning] Huang Yinglai

　　[Proofreading] Feng Zhijian

　　[Product] Nanfang Daily Southern Economic Think Tank

Traffic law enforcement was once unable to effectively target

Cheng Xinghuan, a reporter from Jinyang. com, reported: On the Guangdong Minsheng Hotline today (28th), Wang Fumin, deputy director of Guangdong Province, revealed that at present, more than 20 online car rental platforms have obtained business licenses in Guangdong Province, and 52,260 online taxi driver’s licenses and 50,138 online taxi transportation licenses have been issued, accounting for 17.7% and 30% of the national total respectively, ranking first in the country. However, in the management of online car, Didi Chuxing, a monopoly, has refused to accept data access for supervision, both in Guangdong and in the whole country.

However, for the rapid development of network cars, the supervision of the industry has lagged behind, especially in Yueqing, Wenzhou. On the evening of 26th, Guangdong Provincial Communications Department, Guangzhou Municipal Communications Commission, Shenzhen Municipal Communications Commission and Dongguan Transportation Bureau talked about Didi respectively. In Shenzhen, according to the network car data transmitted by Didi Platform to the government supervision platform (the ride data has not been transmitted), there are still nearly 5,000 drivers and nearly 2,000 vehicles in the platform that have not obtained the operating documents. In Dongguan, there are 19,492 drivers (including 15,584 drivers who obtained the taxi qualification certificate before November 2016), and only 5,204 vehicles have obtained the network car transportation certificate. However, Didi Platform has more than 30,000 drivers and more than 20,000 vehicles providing online car service in Dongguan.

However, even if the government departments intervened early, Didi still "went its own way". In the notification of the interview in Dongguan, the rectification measures promised by Didi Company have not been effectively implemented. For example, it promised not to distribute orders to non-Dongguan license plate vehicles from June, but some citizens still reported that non-Dongguan license plate vehicles would take orders at night. In this year, Dongguan investigated and dealt with 292 cases of illegal network car service, including 61 cases of illegal network car service provided by Didi Company. This number is not worth mentioning compared with the operation of nearly 10,000 driving without a license and 15,000 unlicensed vehicles.

As to why government departments can’t supervise these "black cars", Wang Fumin said that Didi refused to access data to government departments for supervision not only in Guangdong, but also in the whole country, and refused to provide detailed data on drivers and operating vehicles, so it was impossible to carry out targeted law enforcement and could only rely on the original containment. After the rectification of Didi at the end of September, all management departments will obtain the complete data uploaded by Didi, and then effectively retreat, which is expected to be completed before the end of the year.

In addition, after the Wenzhou Yueqing hitchhiking case, Wang Fumin predicted that the next step would be to introduce a policy to put aside the customer service and directly connect with the public security organs.

It is always difficult for people to remember the second and third, but they can always remember the first clearly.

You may forget what it feels like to hug the opposite sex for the second time, but you must remember the throbbing of the first hug. Just like you may not remember the second car you took and drove, but you are impressed with the first car.

So, do you remember what was the first car you sat in and drove? I believe most people’s answer is only three words:.

People who came from the era of "owning Santana and traveling all over the world are not afraid" always have a memory in their minds, that is, the square front, the VW logo carved on the plastic grille and the classic "Shanghai Volkswagen" tail logo …

When the time train galloped past forty platforms, the meaning of "SAIC Volkswagen" was very different for China automobile industry and even everyone. During these forty years, SAIC-Volkswagen witnessed the rise of China’s automobile industry and the great achievements of reform and opening up. At the same time, it also gained its own prosperity as the first joint venture automobile company in China.

Yesterday, SAIC Volkswagen opened a neon for the China auto market.

Let’s temporarily adjust the time back to the time node that crossed in the 1970s and 1980s.

At that time, there were not many small cars running in China, except for Beijing 212 and Shanghai brand cars. Old friends who came from that era probably have the impression that there are always several dark green 212 cars and several white or blue-green Shanghai cars parked in the tree-lined government compound.

In that era when the global automobile industry entered prosperity, China automobile industry can still be described as "barren".

After the tide of reform and opening up came, the state decided to vigorously develop the automobile industry. So in 1978, China made initial contact with German audi ag. After many arguments, in 1984, Shanghai Car Factory and German Volkswagen formally signed the joint venture and cooperation regulations, and the two sides jointly established Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd.

The first car introduced into China market by Shanghai Volkswagen Joint Venture Company is the "Santana" which will be popular all over the country in the next 30 years. However, as the first joint venture car in China, Santana’s landing road is also quite tortuous.

China in the 1980s did not have a modern automobile industry base. Therefore, the first batch of Santana cars launched by Shanghai Volkswagen for the China market can only be produced by CKD parts imported and assembled. On the assembly line, the workers of Shanghai Volkswagen can only assemble the whole vehicle by hand.

In fact, while bringing Santana, Shanghai Volkswagen also shoulders an important mission, which is to bring advanced production technology and manufacturing technology of western automobile industry to China after the establishment of the factory. In other words, Shanghai Volkswagen shoulders the responsibility of "starter" of China Hyundai Motor Industry.

After a period of "extensive production", Shanghai Volkswagen invited experts from German Volkswagen to Shanghai for guidance in order to improve production capacity and efficiency, and introduced international manufacturing standards and production equipment. Through the intensive production line upgrade, Shanghai Volkswagen has increased the annual production scale of Santana to more than 50,000 vehicles in just six years. However, at this time, Shanghai Volkswagen still lags behind the development goal of "within 7 years, the localization rate of Santana will exceed 80%".

Then, after establishing the modern production process and manufacturing technology, the next plan of Shanghai Volkswagen is to establish a complete automobile supporting supply chain industry in China based on Santana.

In the TV series Blossoms Shanghai, No.120 Jinxian Road left an impression on the audience.

In reality, No.120 Jinxian Road is the original site of Shanghai Piston Factory. When Shanghai Volkswagen was determined to establish a modern automobile supply chain system, Shanghai Piston Factory signed a technology license transfer contract with German Kolbenschmidt Co., Ltd. to introduce piston manufacturing technology to purchase key manufacturing planes and test equipment.

Starting from the piston factory, Shanghai Volkswagen has also established a large number of spare parts suppliers since the 1990s, and established quality standards in China that meet German Volkswagen and international standards. At this point, China automobile supply chain industry has also entered a stage of prosperity and development.

It can be said that Shanghai Volkswagen, which started in the 1980s, not only brought brand-new Santana cars to the China market, but also brought a brand-new beginning to the automobile industry in this ancient land.

This joint venture car company is the first to introduce foreign capital, global standards and advanced manufacturing systems into China’s automobile industry. To some extent, the development history of Shanghai Volkswagen is the development history of China automobile industry marketization. As a pioneer of the whole industry, Shanghai Volkswagen is worthy of the title of "industry beacon".

Today, SAIC Volkswagen sets an industry benchmark with tens of millions of trust.

Today, the production and sales scale of SAIC Volkswagen has already exceeded 10 million, and it has become the first passenger car enterprise in China with a cumulative output exceeding 28 million. 40 years, 28 million, these data reflect the stable and prosperous development of SAIC Volkswagen.

Today, SAIC Volkswagen has three brands, Volkswagen, Audi and Skoda, and continues to play a leading role as a joint venture car company with an annual sales of one million. Of course, the achievements made by SAIC-Volkswagen in the past 40 years are not only remarkable achievements in the market.

More importantly, SAIC Volkswagen has always created a new situation in the automobile industry.

If we say that during the period from the 1980s to the 1990s, SAIC-Volkswagen was introducing advanced technologies from the western automobile industry to help China’s modern automobile industry grow sturdily; Then, during the period from 2000 to 2000, SAIC Volkswagen made more wonderful contributions to the automobile industry with its own progress.

Since the Santana 2000 project at the beginning of the new century, SAIC-Volkswagen has started the road of independent research based on the global technical and design advantages of Volkswagen and the actual demand of China local market. As the first joint venture car company in China, SAIC Volkswagen has also become the first joint venture car company in China to independently develop new models.

When SAIC Volkswagen has the tradition of independent research, it has brought many refreshing products.

Volkswagen, through its insight into the needs of domestic household consumers, has created a large-space body and brought a quality experience to a total of 5 million home users; Volkswagen, on the other hand, deeply observes the young user groups and has become a travel partner of more and more young people with high value built by face value and performance; Volkswagen, as a large-size SUV with superior volume, is deeply favored by domestic middle and high-end users, and has gone abroad to dominate the North American market under the name of Atlas.

In fact, SAIC Volkswagen has many self-developed models, such as today’s L Pro, which not only brings a new experience to domestic consumers. More importantly, this new car pioneered the in-depth cooperation between SAIC Volkswagen and DJI, a China science and technology enterprise, and helped SAIC Volkswagen, which has a history of 40 years, formally enter the intelligent era with its intelligent performance comparable to that of new forces.

"Innovation" is the best summary of SAIC Volkswagen today.

From self-developed models to the development of advanced intelligent technology, SAIC Volkswagen has been at the forefront of the times every time. Undoubtedly, with the spirit of innovation as the basis of enterprise development, SAIC Volkswagen will definitely open up a new situation in the future.

What will the future of SAIC Volkswagen look like in 2040?

On the 40th anniversary of the establishment of SAIC Volkswagen, SAIC Motor Group, which came from Shanghai Car Factory step by step, signed an extended joint venture agreement with audi ag. According to the agreement, the joint venture period of SAIC Volkswagen will be extended for another 15 years to 2040.

The decision of the two parties to the joint venture also directly opened the door to the future for SAIC Volkswagen. We can’t help wondering what kind of situation SAIC Volkswagen will create when the era of intelligence and electrification comes.

The pulse of the times is constantly beating, and SAIC Volkswagen is always moving forward. As early as 2021, when, and ID.3 slowly drove off the production line of Anting MEB factory, SAIC Volkswagen opened the prelude to the future.

It can be seen that in the face of the surging intelligent electric era, SAIC Volkswagen has actively planned the enterprise transformation layout. At the same time, the three major ID. series models built on MEB platform have stood firm in the joint venture camp. In November, SAIC Volkswagen ID.3 delivered more than 14,000 new cars and became the king of pure electricity sales among joint venture brands.

When SAIC Volkswagen’s new energy pace is getting faster and faster, this joint venture car company has also begun to think about a "philosophical question" that all traditional car companies must consider-facing the future, should we take the new energy route or keep the fuel route?

SAIC Volkswagen, which has developed for 40 years, has already accumulated a strong system strength, and the answer it brings is "all want". In the field of fuel vehicles, SAIC Volkswagen is committed to promoting environmental protection, high efficiency and intelligence of fuel vehicles. After popularizing more efficient 300TSI power, SAIC-Volkswagen also launched the strategy of combining oil with electricity. The Volkswagen Tiguan L Pro, which has the same intelligent performance as the smart electric model, has also become a popular model at present.

Based on the sales support of fuel vehicles, SAIC Volkswagen can also explore the new energy field more quickly. In November 2024, SAIC Volkswagen launched a brand-new luxury brand AUDI on the basis of Audi, and made its debut in the first concept car. After starting the alphabet, SAIC Volkswagen will further promote the transformation of high-end new energy.

It is reported that AUDI’s first new car, AUDI E, was designed by Audi’s German team. At the same time, the core three electrical components and intelligent system of this car came from SAIC Volkswagen’s supply chain system. In the close cooperation between SAIC and Volkswagen, we believe that the brand-new AUDI brand can create intelligent electrification products with strong strength for China users.

Of course, SAIC Volkswagen also showed a faster speed.

In 2025, AUDI E, the first model of the new brand, will be delivered in mass production. At the same time, within three years, the AUDI brand under SAIC Volkswagen also plans to launch three electric vehicles, covering the B-class market and the C-class market, and quickly seize the high-end smart power camp highland.

Conclusion:

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From the time when the first Santana was produced by knocking, to the time when Pro/ Tiguan L Pro and other models were rolled off the assembly line from a clean and tidy smart factory, SAIC Volkswagen took 40 years to set countless firsts in the history of China automobile industry.

I believe that many friends’ love for SAIC Volkswagen comes from their feelings. But what the author wants to say is that when we get out of the feelings of the years and the memories of the past, SAIC Volkswagen has always been a trendsetter standing on the top of the wave.

Nowadays, what SAIC Volkswagen is facing is not only the glory of the past forty years, but also the opportunity of the next fifteen years and the next fifty years. We are also willing to believe that in the next era, SAIC Volkswagen will bring us more touches and more surprises.