Focus on the two sessions in 2021: depicting the foreseeable future

　　This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party in the Communist Party of China (CPC), and it is also the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan. China will start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. The China two sessions, which are at an important historical intersection, are worth looking forward to.

　　Aspect 1: Government Work Report and People’s Livelihood List

　　· Employment: give policy support to enterprises that don’t lay off employees and lay off fewer employees, and accelerate the pilot project of occupational injury protection.

　　·　Ecological environment: Strengthen the coordinated control of fine particles and ozone, and the clean heating rate in the northern region will reach 70%.

　　·　Education: Improve the guarantee mechanism of inclusive preschool education to better solve the problem of schooling for children of migrant workers.

　　·　Medical care: the per capita financial subsidy for residents’ medical insurance will be increased by 30 yuan, and the county-level medical service capacity will be improved.

　　·　Coping with aging: the participation rate of basic old-age insurance will be increased to 95% in the next five years, and the legal retirement age will be gradually delayed.

　　·　Consumption: increase residents’ income through multiple channels, and speed up e-commerce and express delivery into rural areas.

　　·　Housing: solve the outstanding housing problems in big cities and help new citizens and young people to alleviate their housing difficulties.

　　·　Rural revitalization: ensure that large-scale return to poverty does not occur, resolutely curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and prevent "non-grain"

　　Aspect 2: Selected proposals of entrepreneurs’ two sessions

　　·　Dong Mingzhu: The tax threshold is raised to 10,000 yuan. Raising the "tax threshold" can effectively improve the real income level of residents, and making people have money to spend is the driving force to promote consumption and drive the "internal circulation" of the economy.

　　·　Ma Huateng: Support the new employment pattern. The new employment form has the characteristics of large employment capacity, low entry and exit threshold, strong flexibility and part-time job, forming a "reservoir" and a "buffer". It is suggested to further improve the relevant supporting mechanism and service system of the new employment form.

　　·　Lei Jun: Let the elderly integrate into digital life. Promote the digital service for the elderly to be incorporated into the national information infrastructure construction as soon as possible, know how to establish an aging standard system for smart technology, and promote the integration and development of smart technology aging scenarios and emerging formats.

　　·　Yu Minhong: The residence is nearby. It is suggested that in the Compulsory Education Law, "ensuring school-age children and adolescents to enter the school nearby where they live" be amended as "ensuring school-age children and adolescents to enter the school nearby where they live".

　　·　Zhang Jindong: Establish a data sharing platform. Strengthen the top-level design, establish a data governance Committee, and establish a national data sharing platform.

　　·　Zhou Hongyi: Pay attention to the safety of smart cars. It is suggested that the networked safety protection system of smart cars should be incorporated into the vehicle production, sales and service system, and gradually form mandatory requirements.

　　Anti-epidemic express

　　NEWS

　　More than 370,000 cases have been diagnosed globally, with a cumulative total of over 117 million cases.According to the real-time statistics of the Worldometer website, as of 6: 30 on March 8, Beijing time, there were 117,420,781 cases of COVID-19 diagnosed and 2,604,490 deaths. There were 376,633 new confirmed cases and 5,893 new deaths worldwide in a single day.

　　Chief scientist of the World Health Organization: Nearly 10% of the world’s population has Covid-19 antibodies.

　　According to Sputnik’s report on March 1st, Sumiya Swaminathan, chief scientist of the World Health Organization, said that nearly 10% of the world’s population already has Covid-19 antibody, and continued vaccination is the only way to achieve "collective immunity".

　　Zhong Nanshan Dialogue Fauci: It will take at least 2 ~ 3 years for the whole world to achieve group immunity.

　　On March 1st, at the forum of "Fast Recovery on the Right Track: Sino-US Cooperation in Prevention, Control and Treatment of COVID-19 Epidemic", Zhong Nanshan, the head of National Health Commission’s high-level expert group, said that group immunization can’t be achieved by making a large number of people sick, and it must be achieved through vaccination based on science. Global mass immunization takes at least 2-3 years, or even longer. However, in China, 60 different vaccine projects are currently under way, and 6 of them have entered the third phase of clinical practice.

　　WHO: The idea of ending the epidemic before the end of this year is unrealistic.

　　On March 1st, local time, Michael Ryan, the head of WHO’s health emergency project, said that it was unrealistic to end the epidemic before the end of the year, and it was still too early. It was wise to reduce the number of hospitalized cases as much as possible, which was a tragedy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

　　Boeing said that the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on its global aircraft delivery will last for up to 10 years.

　　On March 4th, David Schulte, managing director of Boeing’s commercial aircraft marketing business in India, Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific, said that the COVID-19 epidemic "will definitely have an impact on our expected delivery volume in the next decade." Schulte said that globally, due to the grounding of many old aircraft during the epidemic, the fleet retirement rate of airlines is expected to double from 2% to 3% to about 5%.

　　Sweden reported a case of COVID-19 infection in the mother’s womb.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Stockholm, March 4, Swedish researchers recently published a report in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, saying that a study on a pregnant woman who underwent emergency cesarean section and related newborns showed that the fetus had been infected with Covid-19 in the mother’s womb.

　　Disease control experts: the vaccine protection time limit is not only half a year.

　　How long is the protective prescription of COVID-19 vaccine? On March 4th, Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an interview that the protection period of COVID-19 vaccine is not only half a year, but because the vaccination time is still very short, and there are only half a year’s data at present.

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs: China has exported about 43.85 billion masks to the United States.

　　The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said on March 5 that from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, China exported about 43.85 billion masks to the United States. China is willing to continue to work together with all countries in the world, including the United States, to strive for an early victory over the epidemic.

　　WHO: COVAX has delivered more than 20 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to 20 countries.

　　The World Health Organization said on March 5th that the COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Plan (COVAX) jointly launched by it and its partners has delivered more than 20 million doses of vaccines to 20 countries, and another 31 countries will be delivered next week.

　　Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, warned that the collective trauma of the COVID-19 epidemic was greater than that of World War II.

　　According to the website of the US Consumer News and Business Channel reported on March 5, WHO Director-General Tan Desai said at a news conference that day: "After World War II, the world experienced collective trauma, because World War II affected the lives of many people. Now, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic is more serious, and more people’s lives have been affected. Almost the whole world has been affected, and in fact everyone in this world has been affected. " He also said: "This means collective trauma, even greater than what the world experienced after World War II."

　　Policy voice

　　NEWS

　　Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China has become the largest manufacturing country for 11 consecutive years

　　On March 1, Xiao Yaqing, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology revealed at the press conference on the development of industry and informatization held by the State Council Office that China’s industrial added value increased from 23.5 trillion to 31.3 trillion, making it the largest manufacturing country in the world for 11 consecutive years. The proportion of manufacturing industry contributes nearly 30% to the world manufacturing industry.

　　Guangdong set up Greater Bay Area Competition Policy Committee to prevent disorderly expansion of capital.

　　People’s Daily reported on March 2nd that recently, the website of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government released the Implementation Plan for Guangdong Province to Further Promote Competition Policy in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which mainly included the establishment of the Competition Policy Committee of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area City, Guangdong Province, the full implementation of fair competition review system, and the strengthening and improvement of anti-monopoly law enforcement.

　　Guo Shuqing: Strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing disorderly expansion of capital.　

　　On March 2, Guo Shuqing, President of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, said at the press conference of the State Council Office that 2021 is the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will take risk prevention as the eternal theme of the financial industry, monitor and resolve all kinds of financial risks relentlessly, strengthen the financial rule of law and improve the long-term mechanism. Maintain a fair competitive market environment, strengthen anti-monopoly and prevent disorderly expansion of capital, and ensure that financial innovation is carried out under the premise of prudence.

　　General Administration of Market Supervision: Five community group purchases were subject to administrative punishment.

　　On March 3, according to the official WeChat of the General Administration of Market Supervision, it was found that there were unfair price behaviors such as low-price dumping and price fraud in community group buying enterprises such as Orange Heart Optimization (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Wuhan Seven Delicious Technologies Co., Ltd. Four community group-buying enterprises, including Orange Heart Optimization (Beijing) Technology Development Co., Ltd., were given an administrative penalty of 1.5 million yuan, and Wuhan Qiwei Delicious Technology Co., Ltd. was given an administrative penalty of 500,000 yuan.

　　National Forestry and Grassland Administration: China will draw up the "14th Five-Year Plan" for wildlife protection.

　　On March 3rd, China. com reported that it was learned from the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau that China will study and compile the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for wildlife protection, formulate special protection plans for key species such as gibbon and pangolin in Hainan, and accelerate the adjustment of the List of Terrestrial Wild Animals with Important Ecological, Scientific and Social Values and the assessment and identification of important habitats of terrestrial wild animals.

　　Beijing prohibits schools from participating in the operation and cooperation of "small dining table"

　　On March 3rd, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and Municipal Health and Health Commission jointly issued a document stating that by the end of 2021, schools, kindergarten canteens and student meal distribution enterprises will basically realize "internet plus’s bright kitchen". Students’ afternoon and after-school activities are included in the full-time management of the school, and the system of going out for leave when eating outside the school is implemented. It is strictly forbidden for the school to participate in the operation and cooperation of the social "small table" in any form.

　　Hebei issued a notice: Xiong ‘an plans to afforest 25,000 mu this year.

　　On March 5 th, recently, the General Office of the People’s Government of Hebei Province issued a notice on the task of afforestation in 2021, and the task of afforestation in the province in 2021 was 6 million mu. Among them, xiong’an new area will afforest 25,000 mu.

　　The Ministry of Transport talks about Didi Company: earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of the enterprise and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers and consumers.

　　On March 6 th, according to the Ministry of Communications, the responsible comrades of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference Office for Collaborative Supervision of New Transportation Forms had an interview with Didi. The interview pointed out that Didi Company’s recent preparations for adjusting its business strategy in some cities were not sufficient, and communication and evaluation were not in place, which was suspected of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of drivers and was widely concerned by the society.

　　Enterprise practice

　　NEWS

　　C919 passenger plane officially landed in the world!

　　On March 1st, China Eastern Airlines (600115, Share Bar) Group Co., Ltd. and China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. formally signed the purchase contract of C919 large passenger aircraft in Shanghai, which is also the first formal purchase contract of domestic large aircraft C919 in the world. China Eastern Airlines will become the first airline in the world to operate C919 large passenger aircraft.

　　Li Yanhong issued a document on financing innovation: promoting high-quality economic development

　　On March 2nd, Li Yanhong, Chairman and CEO of Baidu, published a signed article "Promoting High-quality Development by Financing Innovation" in People’s Daily, saying that under the background of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerated evolution of industrial transformation, financing innovation has become a conscious subject of innovation. Baidu will continue to open up its sources, increase its investment in personnel training, promote more and more industries to achieve intelligent industrial upgrading, and inject more vitality into high-quality development.

　　Volvo Cars Releases Sustainable Development Strategic Objectives

　　On March 2, at the sustainable development strategy conference held by Volvo Cars, Volvo Cars announced its strategic goal of sustainable development in the future-in 2025, the proportion of pure electric vehicles of Volvo Cars will reach 50%, and the rest will be hybrid vehicles; In 2030, it became a pure electric luxury car enterprise; In 2040, it became a climate zero-load benchmarking enterprise; All pure electric vehicles will be sold online.

　　Alibaba will cooperate strategically with New Hope in agriculture and cultivate 200,000 new farmers in three years.

　　On March 2, it was reported that Alibaba and New Hope were brewing strategic cooperation in the agricultural field. The two sides plan to jointly build a new type of e-commerce business entity and cultivate 200,000 new farmers nationwide within three years. The No.1 project of cooperation between Ali and New Hope is the "First Kilometer" project. The two sides plan to jointly introduce high-quality resources of agricultural scientists and focus on the "stuck neck" problem in key agricultural fields.

　　Sany Group spent 100 million yuan to reward meritorious employees.

　　On March 2, it was learned from Sany Group that at the "Sany Festival Commendation Meeting" held on February 28, 4,195 employees, 6 earthquake-resistant and disaster-resistant heroes and 33 gold medal employees of Sany Group won a total of nearly 100 million yuan. At the same time, Liang Wengen, chairman of Sany Group, promised that when the total market value of listed companies under Sany Group reached 1 trillion, every "gold medal employee" would be rewarded with 5 million yuan.

　　Tencent released the first self-developed robot dog Max.

　　On March 3 rd, Tencent officially released the first multi-modal quadruped robot dog Max, which is fully developed in software and hardware. It adopts the integrated design of foot and wheel, has the specialty of "walking steadily on rough roads and running fast on flat roads", and can also stand on both legs to "pay a new year’s greeting".

　　Huawei executives responded to rumors of getting involved in pig raising: Do not raise pigs, empower enterprises to raise pigs with AI.

　　On March 4th, Duan Aiguo, president of Huawei Machine Vision, responded in an interview that Huawei does not raise pigs, but empowers enterprises to raise pigs. He believes that the application of AI in pig enterprises is still in a very backward state compared with other industries. "There are also large pig companies that have taken the initiative to find us and hope to use technology to empower the pig industry together."

　　BYD notified the company of 10 typical anti-corruption cases.

　　On March 4th, BYD (002594, Share Bar) released 10 typical anti-corruption cases in the fourth quarter of 2020 through its official WeChat WeChat official account "Clean BYD", including employees accepting meals and accepting kickbacks and bribes. For employees who violate the relevant provisions of BYD’s integrity, the company will not only terminate the labor contract, but also input their information into the delisting inquiry system; Units that violate the integrity cooperation agreement shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities according to the agreement; Acts suspected of violating the law and committing crimes shall be resolutely handed over to judicial organs for handling.

　　Chairman China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.: In 2025, the high-speed rail will cover 98% of the cities with a population of more than 500,000.

　　On March 6 th, recently, Lu Dongfu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman and party secretary of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., said in an interview with People’s Daily that the scale of projects under construction and approved during the 14 th Five-Year Plan has reached 3.19 trillion yuan; By 2025, the national railway mileage will reach about 170,000 kilometers, including about 50,000 kilometers of high-speed rail (including intercity railway). Railways basically cover cities with urban population of more than 200,000, and high-speed rail covers 98% of cities with urban population of more than 500,000.

　　Social livelihood

　　NEWS

　　China Consumers Association released a public opinion report on consumer rights protection during the Spring Festival: amusement facilities are more negative.

　　China Consumers Association released a public opinion analysis report on consumer rights protection during the Spring Festival on March 1st. The report pointed out that although the information of "consumer rights protection" showed a curve fluctuation trend during the monitoring period, the daily number of related public opinions was relatively balanced. This year’s "Spring Festival" holiday consumption negative information is mainly concentrated in amusement facilities, movie viewing services, fireworks display and other aspects.

　　In 2020, the number of patent applications in China ranked first in the world.

　　On March 2, local time, the World Intellectual Property Organization released the latest report that the number of international patent applications submitted through the World Intellectual Property Organization will continue to grow in 2020. The number of patent applications in China increased by 16.1% year-on-year, ranking first in the world with 68,720. Followed by the United States, the number of patent applications reached 59,230. Japan, South Korea and Germany ranked third, fourth and fifth.

　　Peking University received 1 billion yuan in personal donations.

　　On March 3rd, Li Yongxin, Chairman of Zhonggong Education (002607, Share Bar) Group, donated 1 billion yuan to Peking University to set up the Peking University Zhonggong Education Development Fund. This is the largest personal donation since Peking University was founded, and it is also the largest alumni donation. Previously, Li Yongxin had donated 180 million yuan to Peking University.

　　China’s winter paralympic Olympic mobilization has developed to a thousand people.

　　March 4th is the first anniversary of the countdown to the opening of the Beijing Winter Paralympics. On the same day, Zhang Haidi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and executive chairman of BOCOG, revealed that the number of athletes in China’s Winter Paralympics has grown to thousands.

　　China’s 500-ton engine has been successfully tested in full-condition semi-system

　　On March 5th, the semi-system test run of the 500-ton liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine developed by the Sixth Institute of Aerospace was a complete success, and a new breakthrough was made in the development of China’s heavy-duty launch vehicle engine.

　　International information

　　NEWS

　　British people eat an all-time high number of eggs, eating nearly 8 billion eggs a year.

　　According to the British "Sun" reported on February 28th, in 2020, the British ate nearly 8 billion eggs, with a total value of nearly 1.2 billion pounds (about 10.8 billion yuan), a record high. There are about 67 million people in Britain, which is equivalent to one person eating 120 eggs a year.

　　The United Nations website publishes the sustainable development report of Guangzhou.

　　Guangzhou Daily reported on March 1st that recently, "The Road to Green Development of Vibrant, Inclusive and Open Megacities —— Report on Guangzhou Local Voluntary Statement of UN Sustainable Development Goals" (referred to as "Report") was published in the column of UN Sustainable Development Goals in official website. Guangzhou became the first city in China to publish the report on the UN website. The experiences that can be used for reference are included in this report, including Baiyun Mountain (600332, Guba) project, coastal ecological restoration project, Haizhu wetland quality improvement and biodiversity protection and restoration.

　　G20 research group on sustainable finance resumed.　

　　China Business News reported on March 1 that recently, Italy, the presidency of G20, hosted the first video conference of G20 finance ministers and central bank governors in this year. The meeting agreed to resume the establishment of the G20 Sustainable Finance Research Group to study the financial risks brought by climate change, strengthen the disclosure of climate-related information and support the green transformation. The People’s Bank of China continued to co-chair the research group.

　　Japan’s largest IT company was born!

　　According to a report by the Japan Broadcasting Association on March 2, Z Holdings and Line Company, the parent companies of Yahoo Japan under Softbank Group, formally implemented business merger on March 1, and the largest IT company in Japan was born. It is reported that the new company has about 23,000 employees and a total of about 100 million users. The search and social media services are the largest in Japan, and the company also provides online services such as advertising, e-commerce and finance.

　　2021 Hurun Global Rich List released

　　On March 2nd, Hurun Research Institute released the 2021 Hurun Global Rich List. The list shows that there are 412 new billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world, with a total of 3,228, a record high. Musk’s wealth increased by nearly one trillion yuan compared with last year, reaching 1.28 trillion yuan, making him the richest man in the world for the first time. Zhong Shanshan, a 67-year-old farmer from Nongfu Spring, became the first China entrepreneur to enter the top ten in the world with a wealth of 550 billion yuan, ranking seventh and becoming the richest man in Asia.

　　WHO reports that one fifth of the people in the world are hearing impaired.

　　On March 2, local time, the World Health Organization released the World Hearing Report. According to the report, at present, one fifth of the people in the world have hearing impairment, and hearing loss affects more than 1.5 billion people around the world. By 2050, it is estimated that one quarter of people will have hearing problems, and nearly 2.5 billion people will suffer from some degree of hearing loss, of which at least 700 million people will need rehabilitation services. WHO recommends that ear and hearing care services should be provided for all.

　　Tokyo Olympic Games will not receive foreign audiences.

　　According to Japan’s "Daily News" report, a number of related people revealed on March 3 that the Japanese government plans not to receive foreign audiences around the audience problem of this summer’s Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is now coordinating this. The Japanese government will reach a final conclusion within this month after discussion with the International Olympic Committee and other relevant parties.

　　United Nations report: Strengthening engineering capacity is essential for sustainable development.

　　On March 4th, UNESCO held the celebration of 2021 "World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development" online and released the report. According to the report, strengthening engineering capacity is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable development. At the same time, the report analyzes the development trend of major regional and cross-regional engineering in the world under the fourth industrial revolution, and encourages the global engineering community to work together to meet various challenges and accelerate the realization of sustainable development goals.

　　UN report: 17% of global food is wasted.

　　On March 5th, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimated in the latest "Food Waste Index Report 2021" that in 2019, 931 million tons of food in the world were sent to the trash cans of families, retailers, restaurants and other food service enterprises, accounting for 17% of the total food available to consumers.

　　The proportion of female parliamentarians in the world has reached a record high.

　　According to the UN website, the Inter-Parliamentary Union recently said on the occasion of International Women’s Day on March 8 that in 2020, the proportion of women among parliamentarians in the world exceeded 25%, a record high, but there is still a considerable distance from achieving the goal of gender equality.

　　Today is March 8th International Women’s Day, I wish CSR divines a happy holiday, and we will share the responsibility in the future and ride the wind and waves.

　　

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Golden Bee. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

If you catch a cold, will you carry it hard? A seemingly unremarkable cold may kill you.

Recently, a number of bloggers wrote that Ren Rongrong, the second baby mother of online celebrity in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, died of a cold at the age of 38. According to an insider, Ren Rongrong’s cold and fever caused pneumonia, and his condition developed too fast. According to the information disclosed by her husband, Ren Rongrong had symptoms of cold and fever on January 21, but he did not go to the hospital for breastfeeding. He went to the hospital on the 22nd and was transferred to intensive care on the 23rd. After six rescues, he failed to save him. He died on the 24th, and the whole process was only four days.

This unexpected tragedy sounded a health alarm for us. Why can a small cold have such a big consequence?Should I carry a cold or see a doctor? What should I do if my mother is sick during lactation? Can I take medicine?

Ren Rongrong’s related short video account in Tik Tok reads: "After 80, the second-born mother recorded her daily routine with video, with her sister in August of 19 and her sister in November of 23." This account not only records the daily parenting, but also brings goods. Its top video said, "It is an entrepreneurial treasure mother who is trying to change the status quo."

On January 21 ST, the account posted a video saying, "The second-born mother dragged on for two, and she caught a cold and had a fever during lactation. I lost my voice and cried with great pain."

However, five days later, on January 26th, the account published an obituary saying that Ren Rongrong, his beloved wife, died on January 24th at the age of 38. After that, the account said that it was ready to keep this account and leave a thought for relatives, friends and children.

On January 27th, the account again posted that: My wife’s physical condition was normal on Friday and Saturday. On Sunday, her temperature was 38.7 degrees, and she wanted to hold on to breast-feeding her child … On Monday afternoon, she was a little tired, and in the evening, she collapsed. At 8 o’clock in the evening, I said we should stop holding on and go to the hospital … On Tuesday, the doctor said that we should be sedated and anesthetized and put on the ventilator and transferred to intensive care … The symptoms showed no signs of improvement, and then she went into a deep coma, after 6 years.

The article also stated that "At present, the diagnosis conclusions given by doctors are severe pneumonia, type 1 respiratory failure and septic shock.I regret it very much. I can send it to the hospital in time if something happens to Dabao. Why didn’t you drag her to the hospital earlier when she was in trouble? "The reporter privately believed in the account and has not received a reply yet.

An insider who attended the farewell ceremony revealed that Ren Rongrong did die and her husband was handling the follow-up matters. Another Ms. Liu, who knows Ren Rongrong, told reporters that "a cold and fever caused pneumonia, and the condition developed too fast."

The 38-year-old Bao Ma died suddenly due to pneumonia caused by a cold. Many netizens were shocked and sorry about this.

There is also a doctor, Dr. V, who appeared to remind: "Don’t underestimate the cold, especially the flu. Although there is generally no serious illness, it can really kill people."

According to Dr. Yang from a hospital in Changsha, generally speaking, people who are old and weak, have weak resistance or have basic diseases are more likely to suffer from pneumonia. For example, people with basic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes will have repeated attacks of lung inflammation due to poor resistance, which will aggravate the original diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and seriously affect the ventilation function of the respiratory system.

In addition,Nowadays, many young people are stressed and love to stay up late, which will lead to the decline of the body’s resistance. Once they catch a cold, it is easy to delay into pneumonia. If you don’t pay attention to a small cold, you don’t take medicine or treat it. You always feel that if you are young and healthy, you can delay it. As a result, you go to the doctor after a long cough or a high fever. This may be the main reason for the frequent occurrence of pneumonia in young adults.

Dr. Yang reminded that to prevent pneumonia, we should first pay attention to keeping warm when changing seasons, so as to prevent the respiratory tract from losing its ability to resist viruses and bacteria due to severe temperature changes, and then pay attention to air circulation. Especially for the elderly with weak constitution and poor resistance, they are prone to repeated infections in an environment with poor air circulation. Once the family members find that the elderly have poor spirits and poor appetite after catching a cold, they must go to the hospital to check and rule out whether they have pneumonia.

Generally, pneumonia is not serious as long as it is treated in time, but some young people don’t take it seriously after catching a cold, thinking that good health can resist the past. It is difficult to control the illness after it is delayed, especially for young people who are working overtime and tired, and continuing to work hard after catching a cold is to accelerate the "depreciation" of the body.

In addition, citizens should pay attention to a reasonable diet, light diet, eat less spicy food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, pay attention to drinking more water, ensure adequate sleep, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest to prevent immunity from declining.

The common clinical symptoms of pneumonia mainly include cough, expectoration, chills, fever, or nausea, vomiting and dyspnea.,Critical patients may also have clinical manifestations of shock such as syncope, blood pressure drop and loss of consciousness, and even life-threatening. But according to different pathogen infection, there may be different clinical manifestations.

The symptoms of pneumonia are very similar to colds, such as cough, fever, listlessness, cold hands and feet, etc. Although there are many common manifestations, there are several basic dividing points between colds and pneumonia:

1. Anatomically. A cold is an upper respiratory infection, which refers to acute inflammation from the external nostril to the lower edge of cricoid cartilage, including nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection, that is, a respiratory tract infection below the throat.

2. From the clinical manifestations. The cough of a cold is not very severe, with less sputum or easy to cough up. The onset of cold is more urgent, mainly manifested as sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, sore throat and so on. The cough of pneumonia is often severe and frequent, with excessive phlegm and even asthma and shortness of breath. Some patients have difficulty breathing.

3. From the treatment methods. Most colds can heal themselves, and generally do not need anti-infection treatment. The most common pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia. According to the severity of the disease, initial empirical anti-infection treatment should be given as soon as possible.

For most healthy people, the common cold can heal itself without seeing a doctor, but please see a doctor in time if:

Although the common cold is a minor illness, there are still complications.It is generally recommended that cold medicine should not be taken continuously for more than one week. If the symptoms are still not relieved or disappeared after taking it continuously for one week, they should go to the hospital for treatment.

2. For patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and lung diseases or children and the elderly with low immunity,It is very necessary to seek medical treatment in time for a cold. If not treated in time, it may aggravate the original condition or induce other diseases, such as pneumonia and viral myocarditis.

It’s not the common cold but the flu.The common cold has severe nasal symptoms but mild systemic symptoms, while the flu has severe systemic symptoms but mild nasal symptoms, which are mainly manifested as sudden onset of high fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise. The body temperature can reach 39-40℃, and there may be systemic symptoms such as chills, aching muscles and joints all over the body, fatigue and loss of appetite, which are often accompanied by sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum and flushing on the face. Although they look similar, the course of influenza progresses faster. If not treated in time, severe pneumonia, viral myocarditis and so on may occur, even life-threatening. Therefore, influenza should be treated with antiviral drugs within 48 hours after symptoms appear.

Whether to bite your teeth or take medicine for weaning when you are sick during lactation is the most tangled problem for Bao Ma. In fact, neither of these practices is desirable. When a lactating mother is sick, she can neither carry it hard nor blindly use drugs. She should seek the help of doctors and pharmacists in time to use drugs correctly, reasonably and safely.

Wang Yuwei, a professor of pediatrics and doctoral supervisor at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, pointed out that breastfeeding mothers can continue breastfeeding during a cold, and try to choose single-component drugs when taking medicine.

Wang Yuwei explained that the most common disease of lactating women is upper respiratory tract infection, which can cause symptoms such as fever, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat and cough. There is no need to stop breastfeeding during this period, because whether it is bacterial or viral infection, when the mother has symptoms, the baby has already been exposed to the infected environment. Antibodies that have been produced in milk are beneficial to infants’ resistance to diseases. Generally speaking, the cold virus does not spread through breastfeeding, but through respiratory air droplets. In addition, breast milk is the most ideal food for babies. Interrupting breast-feeding is not good for babies’ growth and development, and it will also affect their psychological development. So mother can continue breastfeeding during the cold.

If it is a cold with fever, it is recommended that mother stop breastfeeding for 1-2 days during high fever..

There are several medication principles that should be paid attention to when catching a cold during lactation:

1. Use appropriate drugs only when the condition really requires medical treatment;

2. Try to choose single-component drugs and avoid using compound preparations;

3. Give priority to external preparations, followed by oral preparations, and finally intravenous infusion;

4. Choose the right time for medication. It is recommended to give medicine immediately after breastfeeding, and delay the next breastfeeding time as much as possible, at least 4 hours apart, so that most drugs can be metabolized and excreted in the mother’s body, and the drug concentration in the milk will be reduced;

Spring Festival travel rush is opening, and the Spring Festival is approaching. Recently, people’s mobility and gathering activities have increased, and the risk of respiratory diseases such as colds and flu has increased. Pai Paijun reminds readers that health and safety must not be relaxed!

(References: Upstream News, Image Network, Morning News, Popular Science China, Changsha Central Hospital, Nanning CDC, China Pharmaceutical magazine, comments from netizens, etc.)

Topic Host | Reporter Wu Xia

Live delivery is not an independent delivery channel. After layer-by-layer analysis, we can find that there is actually a complete supply chain model behind live delivery. Looking at other industries, we will find that the supply chain plays an incomparable role in the industry.

“Oh my god！”

"Buy it! Buy it! Buy it! "

Li Jiaqi, who just graduated from university in 2015, is still a BA (shopping guide) of L ‘Oré al Nanchang. Perhaps he didn’t expect that Taobao’s Double Eleven live broadcast could bring more than 1 billion goods five years later.

At first, many people thought that the live broadcast with goods was just the TV shopping when I was a child and moved to the Internet, which completely underestimated the economy of live broadcast with goods. During the "Double Eleven" in 2019, live delivery became an important growth point.

According to the statistics of Kaidu Consulting, during the Double Eleven in 2019, 90% of brands started live broadcasting, and the number of broadcasting businesses increased by more than 200% year-on-year. According to the "2019 Taobao Live Ecological Development Trend Report" released by Taobao List and Taobao Live,In 2018, the Taobao live broadcast platform brought hundreds of billions of goods, with a year-on-year growth rate of nearly 400%.

In addition, according to data released by Alibaba, in FY 2019, 50% of Tmall merchants used real-time streaming media to interact with users, resulting in a total turnover of more than 100 billion yuan.At present, the live broadcast of goods is that the anchor and fans form community marketing, and then the fans’ needs are directly passed on to the manufacturers, which is essentially different from TV shopping..

Since 2019, more and more people have participated in the game of live delivery. A top anchor like Viya has her own factory and cooperates with more than 40 factories, some of which deliver an average of 20,000 orders for Viya every day, but this is only a part of all her clothing orders.

In the face of huge economic benefits, the live broadcast supply chain has also formed a new species of supply chain system. The live broadcast supply chain has as many as 10 modes, including brand collection mode, factory production mode and boutique combination mode.

In Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other coastal areas, as long as there is a large enough warehouse, part of it is used as a live exhibition room, and then the goods selection area, the exhibition area and even the warehouse are separated in turn, thus satisfying the three elements of "people, goods and fields" in retail.Such a "supply chain base" is being rapidly replicated in the anchor. Closer to the goods, closer to the anchor, that is closer to the needs of consumers.

Compared with the traditional supply chain model, online celebrity, as the demand (shopping guide) end, is directly connected with the production end of products, eliminating the carrier of retailers. The original clothing wholesale business was disrupted by these "supply chain bases" brought by the anchors.

Zhejiang is a traditional distribution center for small commodities and clothing wholesale. Traditional clothing processing has always been the depth of the supply chain, which means that one style produces thousands of pieces, and it is enough to produce several such explosions in a season. And an anchor like Viya, the factory makes 30,000 pairs of jeans a day, and they sell them out in one night. The change of consumers’ shopping style directly affects the response speed of supply chain, the delivery speed of logistics and the digestion cycle of inventory. If the new model is not sold out in one month, it may be unsalable.

Supported by huge traffic nodes and driven by live broadcast, network anchors integrate consumers, e-commerce platforms, suppliers, factories, brands and online celebrity institutions (MCN) together, forming a huge supply chain network system, which is mutually cooperative and fast iterative.

This is the value brought by the supply chain with live broadcast to e-commerce, but the live broadcast supply chain is only a new species of the traditional supply chain. Supply chain management means that the operation of the supply chain is optimized, and the supply chain is made from the beginning of procurement to the satisfaction of the end customers at the least cost.

In the traditional supply chain process, there is a carrier (retail company) to purchase goods (source) from the source of production in advance, put them in the warehouse, and deliver and reorder according to the needs of customers. If you can, you can imagine that the simplest supply chain is the canteen downstairs in the community.

However, if the products are enlarged, for example, there are 80,000 SKUs (product bar codes) and 2,000 stores, then this is not a simple matter, and an extremely complex and systematic supply chain management system is needed.Apple, which has no production line, can get 58.5% profit from every iPhone it sells.It is no exaggeration to say that supply chain management, like product research and development, is a value chain gold mine for enterprises.

At the shareholders’ meeting of Hailan House in April, 2019, Zhou Jianping, the chairman of the board, clashed with the shareholders attending the meeting. The fuse was that investors questioned the high inventory of Hailan House. By the end of 2018,The inventory of Hailan House is 9.47 billion yuan, equivalent to three times the annual profit, up 980 million yuan from the end of last year and up 11.55% year-on-year..

In fact, this situation is not unique to Hailan House. Statistics show that as of September 30, 2018, among the 85 A-share textile and garment enterprises, 81 had an inventory of over 100 million yuan and 20 had an inventory of over 1 billion yuan.The total inventory of 85 textile and garment enterprises is as high as 98.564 billion yuan, which is higher than their total net profit of 17.251 billion yuan, and the inventory of almost all enterprises is much higher than their net profit.. High inventory is like the sword of Damocles hanging high, which will fall at any time and put the enterprise to death.

It can be said that whoever solves the problem of high inventory and reduces the inventory of enterprises is creating huge profits for enterprises.

Starbucks has more than 16,700 retail stores in 51 countries around the world, and about 5 million customers come to spend money every week.

In the early 1990s, Starbucks just went public, raised capital, and opened more than 1,000 stores in the United States in just 5-6 years. At the same time, the whole planning and supply system is still manual, and stores and buyers communicate with each other by calling from a distance through voice messages.

From the sales of one hundred million dollars to 700 million dollars, on the one hand, stores and businesses are developing rapidly, and on the other hand, manual and traditional communication methods are used. It is really common for stores to lack beans.

In this extraordinary period, Starbucks really survived with the unusual passion of its employees. Once the beans in any store were in a hurry, the manager of the nearby store grabbed a bag of bean human flesh and drove it over.

Tim Duffy, then head of Starbucks’ supply chain system, said:

"When you have more than 2,000 stores, we can’t send beans back and forth with 2,000 human flesh express."

Therefore, since 1995, Starbucks decided to upgrade the whole supply chain system, involving the end-to-end planning of the whole supply chain information system, from planning and forecasting to capacity management, production control, order execution, warehouse and distribution system, database management and transportation management.

Finally, Starbucks established a global coordinated supply chain. Starbucks has to go through 24 hands from coffee beans from all continents to a cup of ground coffee. Starbucks has implemented a complete evaluation system and database for suppliers, which can accurately evaluate the performance of each supplier and use the demand forecasting system to predict the replenishment of coffee in stores.

A strong supply chain supports the expansion of Starbucks. In 1999, Starbucks opened its first store in Beijing International Trade Center. By 2019, Starbucks had opened 4,100 stores in 168 cities.

It can be said that without strong supply chain support, there would be no Starbucks today..

On April 12, 2018, Liu Qiangdong said, "JD.COM is not an e-commerce company. We are a company that uses technology to build supply chain services, and we use technology to provide supply chain services for our brands! This is why we have spent more than ten years investing in building a logistics system. "

In 2017, the scale of online retail in the United States was less than $500 billion, while that in China exceeded $1.1 trillion. The largest retail company in the United States is not Amazon, but Wal-Mart, and even by 2017, the proportion of online retail will be about 8%. China, on the other hand, is a different story. The largest retailer is JD.COM, and the proportion of online retailing exceeds 16%, almost double that of the United States.

Wal-Mart is known as a supermarket for the poor, because it has established a global supply chain and logistics system, and goods can go directly from factories to stores, and then directly to final consumers. However, the goods bought by domestic consumers are constantly spread to the terminal stores by the brand through the first-class agents, and the price increase and logistics cost of intermediate transfer are finally reflected in the commodity price, and the user pays the bill.

In addition to its own self-operated e-commerce business, JD.COM has quickly transformed itself into the retail infrastructure of China through its supply chain and logistics advantages built over the past ten years. So now supermarkets, restaurants and pharmacies in any city in China can be delivered to consumers through Jingdong Logistics.

Today, with big data and cloud computing, the combination of data and supply chain will make JD.COM a smart supply chain.

Smart supply chain makes the comprehensive expense ratio of self-operated retail in JD.COM less than 10%. What is this concept?At present, there are only a few two or three companies in the world that can achieve a comprehensive expense ratio of 10%. One of them is Costco of the United States, and its expense ratio is less than 10%.It can achieve a good profit with a gross profit margin of 11-12%. And most of our retailers in China and all over the world need more than 20% to make a profit, that is, the cost is about 15% to 20%.

What is the measure of our supply chain efficiency? Today, JD.COM manages more than 500 logistics centers in China alone, and the number of our products in the warehouse is close to 5 million, while our traditional retailers generally manage 150,000 SKUs. The management difficulty of 5 million SKUs is not 30 times that of 150,000 SKUs, but may be 300 times. It is not a linear increase, but an increase in geometric index. It can be said that Liu Qiangdong is right, and JD.COM is a technology supply chain company.

The cost of socialized supply chain in our country accounts for about 18% of GDP.This is the figure in 2016, but Europe and the United States are only about 7% to 8%, and Japan can achieve 5% to 6%. Our country has a huge manufacturing industry and a large number of brand owners. Everyone has worked hard to do business, and the quality of goods is good. The gross profit margin looks high, but the result is that they don’t make money, and they are all wasted and lost by inefficient supply chains.

The GDP growth of China in 2019 is 6.1%. It is foreseeable that this incremental curve will become smoother and smoother, and it will be difficult for enterprises to make money. To survive in the fierce competition, it is the product and operating costs.

Whoever does a good job in the supply chain is saving costs for enterprises, saving costs for enterprises and increasing profits for enterprises.

And this is the value brought by the supply chain.

　
This article was originally published by @explorer. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

　　The earthquake is sudden and destructive.

　　Master the correct and scientific methods of shock absorption.

　　In order to minimize losses and injuries.

　　During and after the earthquake

　　What can I do to better protect myself?

　　Master together

　　↓ ↓ ↓

　　Hiding indoors or outdoors during the earthquake?

　　When an earthquake happens, you should first keep calm.

　　Quickly judge your position and vibration.

　　If you are on the first floor of a bungalow or building

　　And the outdoor space is wider.

　　Can quickly run outdoors for shock absorption.

　　If you are on the second floor or above and the building quality is good.

　　Indoor shock absorption is preferred.

　　generally speaking

　　When the earthquake magnitude reaches 4 or above

　　There will be a feeling of bumps like waves.

　　At this time, it is necessary to consider avoiding danger indoors.

　　If you are outdoors,

　　You should avoid the building quickly

　　Overpasses, billboards, etc.

　　Stay away from dams and steep slopes.

　　High voltage lines, telephone poles, etc.

　　Which indoor areas are safer and more earthquake-resistant?

　　main wall

　　The included angle area formed by two load-bearing walls

　　Safer and more earthquake-resistant

　　By knocking on the wall, contrasting the sound

　　The position of the indoor load-bearing wall can be determined.

　　generally speaking

　　The knocking sound of load-bearing wall is more solid than porcelain.

　　Non-bearing wall

　　There is a hollow feeling in the knocking sound.

　　At home, you might as well look in every room.

　　In the event of a strong earthquake

　　You can quickly run to the nearest corner to avoid danger

　　toilet

　　If you are in the bathroom

　　You can quickly turn on the faucet and seal the sink.

　　Enhance air humidity

　　So as to replenish that wat needed by the body when breathe.

　　When hiding in the bathroom

　　Squat down and keep your head below the sink.

　　Although the bathroom is a relatively ideal shelter.

　　But its safety range is very limited.

　　Other "shock zones" at home

　　During an earthquake, try to avoid it.

　　Open a small room with a load-bearing wall

　　Next to sturdy tables, beds, sofas and other furniture.

　　It can also be used as a "shock zone"

　　You can squat in these areas.

　　Cover your head with a cushion.

　　If you hide in the nearest cabinet or refrigerator,

　　Pay attention to hiding on the short side.

　　Never turn the window or even jump off a building in a panic.

　　You can’t take the elevator either.

　　If there is an earthquake while sleeping,

　　Be awakened by shock when sleeping.

　　Be prepared for hedging immediately.

　　You can grab the pillow and buckle your ears.

　　Roll quickly under the bed and lie down.

　　Form a triangular space with two elbows.

　　And the height of the body is lower than that of the mattress.

　　There is a relatively safe "shock zone" at home.

　　There are also "minefields"

　　Expert tips

　　When the earthquake happened,

　　Never hide on the balcony.

　　Also stay away from bay windows, kitchens and stairwells.

　　If an earthquake occurs,

　　Be in a relatively unfamiliar environment

　　You should find tall and hard objects.

　　Hide beside it

　　And keep your head lower than these items.

　　Master scientific knowledge of shock absorption.

　　Can save lives at a critical moment

　　Poke video ↓

　　What should we pay attention to after the earthquake?

　　After a major earthquake, aftershocks often occur frequently.

　　Pay close attention to aftershock information

　　Some buildings may not have collapsed during the main earthquake.

　　But it may collapse during aftershocks.

　　Do not approach or use it.

　　Houses without safety appraisal

　　So as not to cause secondary injury.

　　Keep calm in times of crisis and avoid risks scientifically.

　　lookLuding is safe!

　　Salute to all rescuers!

　　CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush is a long way home, from the green leather car to the "Fuxing" EMU, from "walking well" to "walking well". Behind the safe and stable operation of the train, it is inseparable from the hard work of many maintenance workers.

　　This is the largest passenger train maintenance base in Shandong Province, which undertakes the daily maintenance work of all the more than 1,600 ordinary-speed passenger cars and power-concentrated EMU cars in Shandong Province.

　　Every morning, the six tracks of the power centralized EMU maintenance base are full of trains waiting for "physical examination". The maintenance workers of Jinan Depot of Jinan Bureau of China Railway have to inspect and repair 48 cars of Fuxing power centralized EMU at the same time, and the scene is brightly lit and the maintenance lasts all night.

　　During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the train runs at a high density, and the maintenance workers are busier than usual. Every day, there will be 32 passenger trains that have been overhauled from here to various stations, carrying home passengers to all parts of the country.

　　Shandong: A cross-sea ferry capable of loading trains.

　　Yantai-Bohai Ferry is the longest railway ferry in Asia, which integrates railway, port and shipping. During its stay in Spring Festival travel rush, it is expected to send 42,000 passengers, ferry 15,000 cars and transport 550,000 tons of railway materials.

　　Yanda Bohai Ferry starts from Lushun West Station in the north and reaches Yantai West Station in the south, with a sea transportation distance of about 99.79 nautical miles. Railway transportation by ferry is more than 1600 kilometers shorter than that around Shanhaiguan, which is the shortest route from Shandong to Northeast China.

　　China Railway Bohai No.3 Ferry has a total length of 182.6 meters and a width of 24.8 meters. The full-load displacement can reach 16,229 tons, and a single voyage can carry a 50-section freight train, 50 trucks, 25 cars and 716 passengers.

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, trains loaded with grain, coal, daily necessities and holiday materials "swim" on the north and south banks of Bohai Bay every day, becoming a unique sea scenery in Spring Festival travel rush, China. At present, Yantai-Bohai Ferry operates 3-to-6 voyages daily.

　　The number of arrivals in less populated cities has increased significantly today.

　　On the thermal map of Spring Festival travel rush on February 7th, the most popular cities haven’t changed much. According to the ticketing data of 12306, it is estimated that the number of arrivals in 48 cities will increase obviously on February 7th.

　　The number of arrivals in 48 cities including Aksu, Xuancheng, Jishou, Nanping, Baoding, Ningbo, Zhuzhou, Qujing, Chifeng and Qinhuangdao has not changed much in the past few days, but more people will arrive here on February 7, and most of them belong to cities with less population. The number of arrivals in Xuzhou, Ganzhou, Anqing, Bijie, Weinan and Zhangzhou in the past week has increased every day.

　　Beijing replaced Guangzhou as the most popular candidate city.

　　The popular route for applying for standby tickets changed on February 7, and Beijing replaced Guangzhou as the most popular departure city for applying for standby tickets. The waiting tickets from Beijing to Chaoyang, Chifeng, Harbin, Zhengzhou, Linfen, Xinyang and Anyang are the most tense, while the waiting tickets from Shanghai to Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Zhoukou, Shangqiu and other central cities are also tense.

　　As the year is approaching, remind the passengers that in addition to the direct ticket, you can also choose the transfer scheme of Railway 12306 and choose the combined ticket. According to the data, about one out of every seven travelers since Spring Festival travel rush has transferred to their hometown by combining tickets.

　　The return train tickets for the Spring Festival have been sold. Judging from the tickets sold by Railway 12306 at present, it has entered the peak period of everyone’s return from the third day of the New Year’s Eve, and the sixth day to the eighth day of the New Year’s Eve is the most intensive time period. Among them, the sixth day of the New Year’s Eve is the day when the return tickets are purchased the most.

　　"Reverse Spring Festival travel rush" has become a new trend, and the travel volume of the elderly has increased.

　　According to the analysis of China Unicom’s wisdom footprint on the age of travelers, "reverse Spring Festival travel rush" will become a new trend in 2024. The data shows that 20 years old — The number of 29-year-olds returning home decreased by 5.3% compared with the same period in 2023, while the number of people over 60 increased by nearly 30%.

　　More elderly people choose to go to their children’s workplace for reunion. Their origins are mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, while their main destinations are Beijing, Xi ‘an, Tianjin, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Changsha and other first-and second-tier central cities.

　　College students who live in popular tourist cities "go home at the wrong peak"

　　There have also been new changes in college students’ travel. Some college students who live in popular tourist cities choose to "go home at the wrong peak" in 2024.

　　Among the college students registered on Qunar.com, more than 30% choose to travel first and then go home. College students in Guangzhou, Harbin and other places gave their hometown to foreign tourists, and they chose to go to Chengdu, Changsha, Wuhan and other delicious and fun cities first.

　　The proportion of people who stick to their posts and don’t go home during the Spring Festival has increased

　　Compared with the data of the previous two years, many people choose not to go home during the Spring Festival, and stick to their posts and devote themselves to their work. After modeling and analyzing the cell phone signaling data around the Spring Festival in recent years, the joint team of Peking University and China Unicom Smart Footprint found that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the number of employees in more than 2,000 key industrial parks nationwide will increase by 5.8% compared with the same period in 2023.

　　Among them, the number of employees in food and furniture manufacturing industries increased the most obviously, reaching 6.6%. At the same time, the number of employees in automobile, electrical machinery and other equipment manufacturing industries has also increased by more than 6%.

　　Young people become the main force of car rental during the Spring Festival.

　　In the Spring Festival of 2024, more and more people choose to travel by car. According to the data of CAR Inc., young people, such as the "post-90s" and "post-00s", have become the main force of car rental during the Spring Festival, and the total booking volume accounts for nearly half of the total, paying more attention to experience and being keen on interaction.

　　Where are young people going to rent a car? From the perspective of car rental destinations, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi ‘an and Shanghai rank in the top five, and the order data shows that they mainly book cars in different places, which accounts for more than 60%.

　　Beijing, December 15 (Reporter Gao Yining) "Reform and opening up is the key choice to determine the fate of contemporary China, the source of vitality for the development and progress of contemporary China, an important magic weapon for the cause of the party and the people to catch up with the times in great strides, and the only way to persist in and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the celebration of the 30th anniversary of Hainan’s establishment of a provincial special economic zone.

　　The reform and opening-up has written a brand-new chapter of the times, achieved a magnificent legend of the East, and paved a road to the revival of China. The eight-episode large-scale political feature film The Only Way, which was jointly produced and filmed by the Central Propaganda Department, the Central Reform Office, the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Administration of Radio and Television, Xinhua News Agency, the Central Radio and Television General Station and the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission, was recently broadcast on CCTV. The film reviewed the 40 years of reform and opening up in a panoramic way, laying out a magnificent epic of the country and the nation with a moving story.

　　Once the political film "The Only Way" was broadcast, it triggered a ratings boom and heated discussion among the audience. The audience generally believe that this film is a rare and enlightening work of learning, thinking and education, with lofty ideas, grand themes, essence of historical materials, grand arguments and profound analysis.

　　Expert: Reform and opening up is the road to change.

　　"The political film" The Only Way "is relatively successful in all aspects. It can grasp people’s hearts and grasp the essence of China’s reform and opening up in the past 40 years. It expresses that reform and opening up is the fundamental way to determine China’s fate." As the "dramatist" and audience in the political commentary film The Only Way, Han Qingxiang, a former member of the Central Party School and a first-class professor, was deeply touched by the film.

　　"To commemorate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, one of its essentials is to rethink and understand the reform and opening up itself." Han Qingxiang told reporters that 40 years ago, the "reform and opening up" we understood was a reform and opening up that broke through the "Soviet model" and "rigid dogma", a reform and opening up that fought our way out and pioneered a new road, a reform and opening up that liberated and developed the productive forces, and a reform and opening up that had the significance of the second revolution in China.

　　After 40 years of development, China has ushered in a great leap from "standing up" to "getting rich" and then "getting strong". Han Qingxiang said that in the new historical position, what we see more is the "fundamental" significance of reform and opening up in determining the fate of China, that is, it is the "only way" and "fundamental way" to determine the fate of China.

　　"The only way" is to know and understand the reform and opening up from a higher position. The film reveals to us that reform and opening up is a revolutionary road to change, and it is a process that needs to constantly and continuously emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts and then get rid of rigidity. Its essential feature is change. "

　　Han Qingxiang believes that reform and opening up is an indomitable road of struggle. "For us, the implementation of reform and opening up, the establishment of a socialist market economic system, the construction of a socialist modernization power, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are actually in ‘ Climb an unexplored steep mountain ’ Take a step back and give up before the meeting, and you can climb to the top of the mountain with a thrilling jump. "

　　According to Tang Aijun, an associate professor at the School of Marxism of the Central Party School, the political film "The Only Way" explores "Where is the China Revolution going?" The enlightenment is to persist in road confidence. The Communist Party of China (CPC) found a correct "only way" to answer "Where is China going" in different periods, which is the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road.

　　Socialism makes an ancient China glow with vigor and vitality. The 40-year historical journey shows that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism. Guo Jianning, president of Peking University Marxist Institute, also believes that the greatest value and significance of celebrating 40 years of reform and opening up is that we should start from a new historical starting point and further persist in comprehensively deepening reform and opening up.

　　History is a mirror. During his inspection tour in Guangdong, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Summarizing the experience and enlightenment of reform and opening up is not only the best celebration of 40 years of hard exploration and practice, but also provides a powerful impetus for promoting the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era."

　　In Guo Jianning’s view, it is the strong sense of history in The Only Way that brings profound thoughts to the audience. "No matter how far the road goes, you can’t forget the past; No matter how long the road is, you can’t forget why you started. The film combines history with reality and tradition with the new era, which brings a strong shock to people. "

　　"The charm of The Only Way lies in the combination of classics and storytelling." Guo Jianning was the first candidate who resumed the college entrance examination in 1977. From his own experience, this political film also made him feel more deeply that reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China, which has changed the fate of many people. "The only way" not only tells the moving story of reform and opening up, but also tells the thought of the supreme leader governing the country. The combination of the two makes the people understand it, and it is more impressive. "

　　Chief Director: It’s no exaggeration to describe the reform and opening up in grand language.

　　"There may be many ways for the world to discuss China’s success, but the evaluation is highly consistent in terms of the significance of China’s success." Xiao Zhensheng, the general director of the political film The Only Way, said in an exclusive interview with reporters that China’s 40 years of reform and opening up were 40 years of hard work, forge ahead, keep pace with the times and embrace the world under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

　　"Reform and opening up have changed China and affected the world. It is no exaggeration to describe her in any magnificent language. " Xiao Zhensheng said that some people call it the most important event since the 20th century, others call it the miracle of the East, and others say it is the heaviest historical chapter of the world socialist movement in the past 500 years. Since the industrial revolution, there has never been a country like China that brought nearly 1.4 billion people into middle-income countries in just 40 years, and it was not through colonization or war.

　　What kind of brand-new course has China embarked on as a "key choice" of reform and opening up? How does this "source of vitality" inspire a steady stream of power for 40 years? How does this "important magic weapon" push China to make a great leap from "standing up" to "getting rich" and "getting strong"? Where did this "only way" come from and where will it take China? In Xiao Zhensheng’s view, in the celebration of 40 years of reform and opening up, as a national television station, we have the responsibility to give our answers to these questions of history and the times. This is the original intention of creating the political film The Only Way.

　　Xiao Zhensheng said, "The broadcast of this political feature film will further enhance people’s confidence and determination to carry out reform and opening up to the end under the guidance of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era."

　　Audience: The people are the biggest beneficiaries of reform and opening up.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal." "Fully demonstrate the gold content of the reform plan and let the people have more sense of gain." The 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, history is the best witness, and the people are the biggest beneficiaries.

　　"From the development of agriculture to the reform of state-owned enterprises, from the reform of economic system to the accession to the WTO and now to the manufacturing in China, I can see my blood boiling." Talking about the feeling of watching The Only Way, Yang Miaomiao, the bus driver, opened his mouth to reporters. "My parents are both born after 50. They have all experienced natural disasters for three years, and they have all tasted the taste of being hungry. They have saved money all their lives and often told me how to think hard. The great changes in people’s lives brought about by the reform and opening up described in the political commentary film are obvious to all. "

　　As a traffic person, Yang Miaomiao has paid special attention to the development of traffic in China since the reform and opening up. Yang Miaomiao said, "My hometown of Bengbu is ‘ The city pulled by the train ’ , is an important transportation hub in northern Anhui. I remember when I was a child, I went to Beijing and took a green leather train and crashed for a long time. After the reform and opening-up, T63 was opened, and the morning and evening dawned. Nowadays, taking a high-speed train to take a trip has long been the most popular way to travel. "

　　"The 40 years of reform and opening up are also 40 years of restoration and reconstruction of procuratorial organs." As a post-70 s, Guo Yanping, the head of the unchecked department of Jianghan District People’s Procuratorate in Wuhan, witnessed the changes brought about by the reform and opening up to the people, and also witnessed the innovative development of the procuratorial cause. "New era and new journey, as prosecutors, we will never forget our initial intentions, forge ahead and write a new chapter in procuratorial work."

　　For Vagrancy, a student of Wuhan University, the political film "The Only Way" is different from ordinary textbooks. It uses a large number of historical materials and cases, and uses the language of sound and pictures to review the development process since the reform and opening up.

　　"From women workers in textile mills to oil workers in oil fields, everyone of them is ‘ Oriental giant ’ I have dedicated my strength today. " Vagrancy mentioned to reporters that the story of two generations’ youthful blood for Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway made her feel the great change of China’s speed, and also reminded people that behind this, there is the hard work and sweat paid by the builders of the Republic.

　　Talking about the fact that reform and opening up have injected great power and vitality into the development of civil aviation industry, Cheng Xiaoyun from Anhui Air Traffic Control Branch of Civil Aviation told reporters that every development of civil aviation air traffic control system in the past 40 years has been a qualitative leap from initial visual flight to instrument flight, from program control to radar control, from single runway to double runway and multi-runway operation.

　　The 40 years of reform and opening-up are also the 40 years of all-round development of China’s manufacturing industry. As the leader of China’s construction machinery industry, Xugong Group has witnessed the development and expansion of China’s manufacturing industry with the growth of the Republic. According to Jiang Nan, secretary of the Party Committee of Xugong Import and Export Corporation, emancipating the mind to promote high-quality development, persisting in the road of internationalization and contributing a world-class brand from China to the world are the due contributions made by China manufacturing enterprises to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Sinochem, a state-owned enterprise with a history of nearly 70 years, is the builder, participant and beneficiary of China’s reform and opening up. Han Bing, vice president of Sinochem Energy Co., Ltd. believes that for state-owned enterprises, to build a world-class enterprise, it is necessary to further integrate into the trend of national reform and opening up and start a new long March of deepening reform.

　　Zhang Zhijuan, a propaganda member of Xiaguan Town, Dali City, Yunnan Province, also expressed his experience in watching "The Only Way". "Reform and opening up have witnessed the changes of the times and the reform process of the ecological relocation of Erhai Lake. It is our unshirkable responsibility to vigorously promote the concept of ecological civilization construction in the new era and protect the Erhai Lake. "

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the red warning signal of Blizzard was released by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory at 07: 30 on November 6, 2023: within 6 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 15 mm in some areas in the east-southeast of Chifeng City, southwest of Tongliao City and west of central China, which may have a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry. Please prepare for the relevant units and personnel.

Defense guide:

1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in emergency and rescue work against snow disaster and freezing injury;

2. If necessary, suspend classes or business (except for special industries);

3. When necessary, the aircraft will be suspended from taking off and landing, the train will be suspended, and the expressway will be temporarily closed;

4. Do a good job in disaster relief work in pastoral areas.

In addition, the Meteorological Observatory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region issued a yellow warning signal for road icing at 07: 11 on November 6, 2023: due to the impact of snowfall, it is expected that there may be road icing in the southeast of Alashan League, the east of Bayannaoer City, most of Baotou City, the north of Hohhot City, Wulanchabu City, most of Xilin Gol League, Chifeng City, Tongliao City and most of Xing ‘an League in the next 12 hours. Please prepare for the relevant units and personnel.

Defense guide:

1. Traffic, public security and other departments should prepare for road icing according to their duties;

2. Drivers should pay attention to road conditions and drive safely;

3. Pedestrians should ride bicycles as little as possible when going out, and pay attention to anti-skid.

Portulaca oleracea, a common wild vegetable, has been eaten in Chinese for a long time. At the same time, purslane is also a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and is a plant that can be used as medicine and food.

In modern nutrition, purslane is rich in dihydroxyethylamine, calcium, iron, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C, selenium, Omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients. There are still some claims that purslane can prevent cancer.

Can purslane prevent cancer?

In January, 2020, the Journal of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine published a paper on cancer prevention of Portulaca oleracea L., taking mice as experimental objects, the paper established a model of lung metastasis of liver cancer in mice, and Portulaca oleracea L. formula granules were used as drugs.

The experimental results showed that the inhibition rate of high-dose Portulaca oleracea group was 54.15%, and that of low-dose Portulaca oleracea group was 30.72%. The results suggested that Portulaca oleracea could inhibit lung metastasis of liver cancer, and the experiment showed that Portulaca oleracea had certain influence on metabolism of mice.

This shows that Portulaca oleracea has a certain anti-cancer effect in animal research. However, we can’t think that eating Portulaca oleracea every day can prevent cancer. On the contrary, we need to know that the anticancer effect of Portulaca oleracea has been confirmed in animal research, which doesn’t mean that it has the same effect in human research. Animal experiments have limitations, and human experiments lack effective and rigorous case studies, so it is not advisable to eat Portulaca oleracea in large quantities for the purpose of preventing cancer.

Portulaca oleracea has many wonderful uses.

Although the anti-cancer effect of purslane on people is not clear, eating purslane still has many benefits.

According to Compendium of Materia Medica, purslane has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, attacking blood and reducing swelling. Portulaca oleracea also contains potassium salt, which has the effects of lowering blood pressure, slowing heart rate and protecting the heart.

In addition, Portulaca oleracea has a strong inhibitory effect on Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria, so it is also known as "natural antibiotic".

Eating purslane is particular,

These taboos can’t be touched

Although eating purslane has many benefits, some people are not suitable for eating it. For example, pregnant women, purslane cold, has obvious stimulation to the uterus, and will also accelerate the frequency of contractions. Pregnant women may have the risk of premature delivery and abortion when eating purslane, so pregnant women should not eat purslane.

People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold had better not eat or eat more. Portulaca oleracea is cold, and people with deficiency of spleen and stomach will aggravate the cold, especially those with diarrhea. It is best not to eat Portulaca oleracea to avoid aggravating diarrhea.

In addition, purslane should not be eaten with turtle shell as much as possible. It is recorded in the Classic of Materia Medica that the horse’s teeth can’t be mixed with turtle shell, which is a traditional Chinese medicine blindly and conflicts with purslane in terms of medicinal properties. Therefore, when eating purslane, don’t drink Chinese medicine with turtle shell at the same time, and it is best not to eat it with turtle meat at the same time.

Portulaca oleracea practice sharing

After talking about the benefits and precautions of purslane, let’s share some practices of purslane with you.

Portulaca oleracea

In hot summer, it is most suitable for cold salad. Because purslane is rich in oxalic acid, it can be blanched in boiling water for half a minute to one minute before cooking, and oxalic acid and other organic acids can be separated out to reduce the sour taste caused by oxalic acid.

After blanching, you can add salt, minced garlic, soy sauce, sesame oil or your favorite seasoning and mix well. Those who like peppers can put a little pepper, which is more appetizing and refreshing.

Purslane porridge

Put a proper amount of japonica rice in a pot, add clear water and bring it to a boil. After boiling, turn to low heat and cook for 30 minutes until the porridge becomes thicker. Wash the purslane with clear water and cut it into sections, then put it in the porridge and cook for 5 to 10 minutes. Then add salt and mix well to turn off the heat.

It is best to cook porridge in casserole. The porridge cooked in casserole is better than the porridge cooked in ordinary pot. If it is too troublesome to cook porridge, you can cook it in an electric rice cooker or other appliances that can be used to cook porridge, and add purslane in the middle.

Stir-fried purslane

Wash Portulaca oleracea in clean water, blanch it in boiling water for 5 minutes, then take it out and drain it, put a proper amount of oil in the wok, add minced garlic and stir-fry until fragrant, add bean paste and soy sauce, pour the processed Portulaca oleracea into the wok and stir-fry it evenly, and add a little salt before taking it out.

In a word, Portulaca oleracea has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and reducing swelling, but its anticancer effect is still in the exploratory stage, and it is not suitable for long-term or large-scale eating because of its cold nature, and it is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and pregnant women.

References:

[1]. Metabonomics analysis of Portulaca oleracea L. regulating lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice. Journal of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020,2 (1): 62-69.

[2]. Natural antibiotic-purslane. People’s Daily. 2019-8-2.

[3]. The medicinal value of purslane recommended by Chinese medicine is called "natural antibiotic". Yangzi Evening News .2009-6-1.

Read the original text

　　 Core reading guide

　　 On May 22nd, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health and Wellness in China in 2018. According to the Bulletin, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents has increased from 76.7 years in 2017 to 77 years in 2018, the maternal mortality rate has dropped from 19.6/100,000 to 18.3/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has dropped from 6.8‰ Down to 6.1‰ .

　　 According to the Bulletin, in 2018, the total number of outpatients nationwide increased by 130 million person-times or 1.6% over the previous year. The average number of visits by residents increased from 5.9 in 2017 to 6.0. The total number of hospitalizations nationwide increased by 4.2% over the previous year. The annual hospitalization rate increased from 17.6% in 2017 to 18.2%. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population increased from 5.72 in 2017 to 6.03. By the end of 2018, the total number of medical and health institutions nationwide reached 997,434, an increase of 10,785 over the previous year. In addition, in 2018, private hospitals accounted for 63.5% of the total number of hospitals, an increase of 3.1 percentage points over the previous year. The proportion of outpatients and inpatients in private hospitals increased from 14.2% and 17.6% in 2017 to 14.8% and 18.3% respectively. By the end of 2018, the total number of health workers in the country reached 12.3 million, an increase of 551,000 (an increase of 4.7%) over the previous year.

　　 It is worth noting that in 2018, the outpatient service of township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) increased by 2.1% compared with the previous year, accounting for 23.1% of the total outpatient service in the country. By the end of 2018, there were 622,000 village clinics in 542,000 administrative villages nationwide. The number of village clinics reached 1.441 million, with an average of 2.32 per village clinic. At the same time, the average cost increase of public hospitals has been controlled within 4% for three consecutive years. In 2018, the average outpatient expenses and per capita hospitalization expenses of public hospitals increased by 3.7% and 2.2% respectively over the previous year, which was lower than the average increase of 1.0 percentage points and 0.2 percentage points of hospitals, and lower than the increase of per capita disposable income of urban residents (5.6%) and per capita net income of rural residents (6.6%) in 2018.

　　 According to preliminary calculations, the proportion of personal health expenditure in the total health expenditure in 2018 decreased by 0.04 percentage points compared with the previous year, and the proportion of total health expenditure in GDP increased by 0.03 percentage points compared with 2017. In terms of health manpower structure, at the end of 2018, there were 2.59 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.94 registered nurses per 1,000 population, an increase of 0.15 and 0.20 respectively over the previous year. The educational level of health technicians has been further improved, accounting for 36.5% of the total, up 2.5 percentage points over the previous year; Senior technical positions (employment) accounted for 8.1%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year.

　　 According to the Bulletin, the population born in 2018 was 15.23 million, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%.

　　 The full text of the document is as follows:

　　 2018 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The national health system resolutely implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, makes every effort to promote the construction of a healthy China, continues to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, continuously enhances the capabilities of disease prevention and control and medical services, steadily advances the work of population development, maternal and child health and healthy aging, strengthens the service of traditional Chinese medicine, continuously improves the comprehensive supervision level, and continuously improves the health level of urban and rural residents. The average life expectancy of residents has increased from 76.7 years in 2017 to 77.0 years in 2018, the maternal mortality rate has decreased from 19.6/100,000 to 18.3/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has decreased from 6.8‰ Down to 6.1‰ .

　　 01

　　 I. Health resources

　　 (1) The total number of medical and health institutions. By the end of 2018, the total number of medical and health institutions nationwide reached 997,434, an increase of 10,785 over the previous year. Among them, there are 33,009 hospitals, 943,639 primary medical and health institutions and 18,034 professional public health institutions. Compared with the previous year, there were 1,953 hospitals, 10,615 primary medical and health institutions and 1,862 professional public health institutions.

　　 Among hospitals, there are 12,032 public hospitals and 20,977 private hospitals. Hospitals are classified into 2,548 tertiary hospitals (including 1,442 tertiary hospitals), 9,017 secondary hospitals, 10,831 first-class hospitals and 10,613 unrated hospitals. According to the number of beds, there are 20054 hospitals with less than 100 beds, 4786 hospitals with 100-199 beds, 4437 hospitals with 200-499 beds, 1858 hospitals with 500-799 beds and 1874 hospitals with 800 beds or more.

　　 Among the primary medical and health institutions, there are 34,997 community health service centers (stations), 36,461 township health centers, 228,019 clinics and clinics and 622,001 village clinics. The government runs 121,918 primary medical and health institutions.

　　 Among professional public health institutions, there are 3,443 centers for disease prevention and control, including 31 at the provincial level, 417 at the city (prefecture) level and 2,758 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 2949 health supervision institutions, including 29 at the provincial level, 392 at the city (prefecture) level and 2515 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 3080 maternal and child health care institutions, including 26 at the provincial level, 381 at the city (prefecture) level and 2571 at the county (district, county-level city) level.

　　 (2) Number of beds. By the end of 2018, there were 8.404 million beds in medical and health institutions nationwide, including 6.52 million beds in hospitals (accounting for 77.6%) and 1.584 million beds in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 18.8%). In hospitals, public hospital beds account for 73.7% and private hospital beds account for 26.3%. Compared with the previous year, the number of beds increased by 464,000, including 399,000 beds in hospitals and 55,000 beds in primary medical and health institutions. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population increased from 5.72 in 2017 to 6.03 in 2018.

　　 (3) Total number of health personnel. By the end of 2018, the total number of health workers in the country reached 12.3 million, an increase of 551,000 (an increase of 4.7%) over the previous year.

　　 At the end of 2018, among the total number of health workers, there were 9.529 million health technicians, 907,000 rural doctors and health workers, 477,000 other technicians, 529,000 managers and 858,000 workers and technicians. Among the health technicians, there are 3.607 million licensed (assistant) doctors and 4.099 million registered nurses. Compared with the previous year, the number of health technicians increased by 541,000 (an increase of 6.0%) (see Table 2).

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 7.375 million people in hospitals (accounting for 60.0%), 3.965 million people in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 32.2%) and 883,000 people in professional public health institutions (accounting for 7.2%) (see Table 3).

　　 At the end of 2018, the academic structure of health technicians: undergraduate and above accounted for 34.6%, junior college accounted for 37.8%, technical secondary school accounted for 22.3%, and high school and below accounted for 5.4%; Technical post (employment) structure: senior (director and deputy director level) accounts for 8.0%, intermediate (attending and supervisor) accounts for 19.9%, junior (division and bachelor level) accounts for 61.1%, and pending employment accounts for 10.9%.

　　 In 2018, there were 2.59 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.94 registered nurses per 1,000 population; There are 2.22 general practitioners per 10,000 population and 6.34 professional public health institutions per 10,000 population.

　　 Note: The number of health workers and health technicians, including civil servants, who have obtained the "certificate of health supervisor". The following table is the same.

　　 (4) Total health expenditure. In 2018, the total national health expenditure is estimated to reach 5,799.83 billion yuan, including 1,639.07 billion yuan (accounting for 28.3%) for government health, 2,494.47 billion yuan (accounting for 4.3%) for social health and 1,666.29 billion yuan (accounting for 28.7%) for personal health. The per capita total health expenditure is 4,148.1 yuan, and the total health expenditure accounts for 6.4% of GDP (see Table 4).

　　 02

　　 Second, medical services

　　 (1) Outpatient service and hospitalization. In 2018, the total number of medical consultations in medical and health institutions nationwide reached 8.31 billion, an increase of 130 million (1.6%) over the previous year. In 2018, residents visited medical and health institutions for an average of 6.0 times.

　　 In 2018, there were 3.58 billion person-times in hospitals (accounting for 43.1%), 4.41 billion person-times in primary health care institutions (accounting for 53.1%) and 320 million person-times in other medical institutions (accounting for 3.9%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital visits increased by 140 million, and the number of primary medical and health institutions decreased by 20 million.

　　 In 2018, there were 3.05 billion person-times in public hospitals (accounting for 85.2% of the total number of hospitals) and 530 million person-times in private hospitals (accounting for 14.8% of the total number of hospitals) (see Table 5).

　　 In 2018, the number of outpatients in township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) reached 1.92 billion, an increase of 40 million over the previous year. Outpatients in township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) accounted for 23.1% of the total outpatient service, and the proportion increased by 0.1 percentage points over the previous year.

　　 In 2018, there were 254.53 million people admitted to medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 10.17 million people (up 4.2%) over the previous year, and the annual hospitalization rate was 18.2%.

　　 In 2018, there were 200.17 million people in hospitals (accounting for 78.6%), 43.75 million people in primary health care institutions (accounting for 17.2%) and 10.61 million people in other medical institutions (accounting for 4.2%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital admissions increased by 10.17 million, the number of primary medical and health institutions decreased by 750,000, and the number of other medical institutions decreased by 100,000.

　　 In 2018, there were 163.51 million people admitted to public hospitals (accounting for 81.7% of the total number of hospitals) and 36.66 million people admitted to private hospitals (accounting for 18.3% of the total number of hospitals) (see Table 5).

　　 (2) The workload of hospital doctors. In 2018, hospital doctors were responsible for 7.0 person-times of medical treatment and 2.5 bed days of hospitalization, among which, doctors in public hospitals were responsible for 7.5 person-times of medical treatment and 2.6 bed days of hospitalization. The average daily workload of hospital doctors decreased slightly compared with the previous year (see Table 6).

　　 (3) use of hospital beds. In 2018, the utilization rate of hospital beds in China was 84.2%, including 91.1% in public hospitals. Compared with the previous year, the utilization rate of hospital beds decreased by 0.8 percentage points (including 0.2 percentage points in public hospitals). In 2018, the average length of stay of hospital discharged patients was 9.3 days (including 9.3 days in public hospitals), and the average length of stay of hospital discharged patients was the same as that of the previous year (see Table 7).

　　 (4) improving medical services. By the end of 2018, among secondary and above public hospitals, 45.4% had made appointment for diagnosis and treatment, 90.8% had carried out clinical pathway management, 52.9% had carried out telemedicine services, 85.8% had participated in mutual recognition of examination results at the same level, and 70.9% had carried out quality nursing services.

　　 (5) blood security. In 2018, the number of unpaid blood donors reached 14.99 million, and the amount of blood collected reached 25.695 million units, up by 2.8% and 3.7% respectively compared with 2017. The blood donation rate of thousands of people was close to 11.2.

　　 03

　　 Third, primary health services

　　 (1) Rural health. By the end of 2018, there were 15,474 county-level hospitals, 1,907 county-level maternal and child health care institutions, 2,090 county-level centers for disease control and prevention, and 1,822 county-level health supervision institutions in 1,827 counties (county-level cities) across the country, and there were 3.039 million health workers in the four types of county-level health institutions.

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 36,000 township hospitals in 31,600 townships nationwide, with 1.334 million beds and 1.391 million health workers (including 1.181 million health technicians). Compared with the previous year, the number of township hospitals decreased by 90 (after the merger of towns and villages), the number of beds increased by 42,000, and the number of personnel increased by 31,000. In 2018, there were 1.39 beds in township hospitals per 1,000 rural population and 1.45 people in township hospitals per 1,000 rural population (see Table 8).

　　 By the end of 2018, there were 622,000 village clinics in 542,000 administrative villages nationwide. There are 1.441 million village clinics, including 381,000 licensed (assistant) doctors, 153,000 registered nurses, and 907,000 rural doctors and health workers. The average number of clinic staff in each village is 2.32. Compared with the previous year, the number of village clinics decreased by 10,000, and the total number of staff decreased (see Table 9).

　　 Note: The number of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses in village clinics includes the number of township hospitals.

　　 In 2018, the number of hospital visits at county level (including county-level cities) reached 1.19 billion, an increase of 50 million over the previous year; The number of people admitted to the hospital was 87.446 million, an increase of 3.804 million over the previous year; The utilization rate of hospital beds was 81.7%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the number of medical consultations in township hospitals was 1.12 billion, an increase of 0.1 billion over the previous year; The number of people admitted to the hospital was 39.84 million, a decrease of 630,000 over the previous year. In 2018, doctors were responsible for 9.3 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 1.6 bed days of hospitalization. The utilization rate of hospital beds was 59.6%, and the average hospitalization days of discharged patients were 6.4 days. Compared with the previous year, the workload of doctors in township hospitals decreased slightly, the utilization rate of hospital beds decreased by 1.7 percentage points, and the average length of stay was extended by 0.1 days compared with the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the amount of medical treatment in village clinics reached 1.67 billion person-times, a decrease of 120 million person-times compared with the previous year, with an average annual medical treatment of 2,685 person-times in each village clinic.

　　 (2) Community health. By the end of 2018, there were 34,997 community health service centers (stations) in China, including 9,352 community health service centers and 25,645 community health service stations. Compared with last year, there were 205 community health service centers and 140 community health service stations. There are 462,000 people in community health service centers, with an average of 49 people in each center; There are 120,000 people in community health service stations, with an average of 5 people per station. The number of staff in community health service centers (stations) increased by 28,000 over the previous year, with an increase of 5.1%.

　　 In 2018, there were 640 million medical consultations and 3.395 million hospitalizations in the national community health service centers, an increase over the previous year; On average, each center has an annual treatment volume of 68,000 person-times and an annual admission volume of 363 people. Doctors are responsible for 16.1 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 0.6 days of hospitalization. In 2018, there were 160 million medical consultations in community health service stations nationwide, with an average of 6,244 medical consultations per station, and 13.7 medical consultations per doctor per day (see Table 10).

　　 (3) National basic public health service projects. The per capita subsidy standard for national basic public health service projects increased from 52.6 yuan in 2017 to 57.6 yuan in 2018. Health literacy promotion and free provision of contraceptives were included in national basic public health service projects, and the project content was expanded from 12 categories to 14 categories.

　　 04

　　 Fourth, Chinese medicine services

　　 (a) institutions of traditional Chinese medicine, beds and personnel. By the end of 2018, the total number of Chinese medicine medical and health institutions nationwide reached 60,738, an increase of 6,495 over the previous year. Among them, there are 4,939 Chinese medicine hospitals, 55,757 Chinese medicine clinics and 42 Chinese medicine research institutions. Compared with the previous year, the number of Chinese medicine hospitals increased by 373, and the number of Chinese medicine clinics and clinics increased by 6,125 (see Table 11).

　　 Note: Clinical departments of traditional Chinese medicine include various specialties of traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic medicine.

　　 At the end of 2018, there were 1.234 million beds in Chinese medicine medical and health institutions nationwide, including 1.022 million beds in Chinese medicine hospitals (82.8%). Compared with the previous year, there were 99,000 beds in Chinese medicine, including 70,000 beds in Chinese medicine hospitals.

　　 By the end of 2018, community health service centers providing Chinese medicine services accounted for 98.5% of similar institutions, community health service stations accounted for 87.2%, township hospitals accounted for 97.0%, and village clinics accounted for 69.0% (see Table 12).

　　 At the end of 2018, the total number of Chinese medicine health personnel nationwide reached 715,000, an increase of 51,000 (an increase of 7.7%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 575,000 licensed (assistant) physicians and 124,000 Chinese pharmacists. The two types of personnel have increased compared with the previous year (see Table 13).

　　 (2) Chinese medicine medical services. In 2018, the total number of medical consultations in Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide reached 1.07 billion, an increase of 50 million (5.2%) over the previous year. Among them, there were 630 million person-times in TCM hospitals (accounting for 58.8%), 180 million person-times in TCM outpatient departments and clinics (accounting for 16.6%), and 260 million person-times in TCM clinical departments of other medical institutions (accounting for 24.5%).

　　 In 2018, there were 35.847 million people discharged from Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 2.937 million (8.9%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 30.41 million Chinese medicine hospitals (accounting for 84.8%), 7,000 Chinese medicine clinics and 5.429 million Chinese medicine clinical departments in other medical and health institutions (accounting for 15.1%) (see Table 14).

　　 V. Medical expenses of patients

　　 (1) Medical expenses of hospital patients. In 2018, the average outpatient cost of the hospital was 274.1 yuan, which was 6.7% higher than that of the previous year and 4.5% higher than the comparable price. The per capita hospitalization expense is 9291.9 yuan, which is 4.5% higher than that of the previous year and 2.4% higher than that of the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 1002.8 yuan (see Table 15).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost (112.0 yuan) accounted for 40.9%, down 1.8 percentage points from the previous year (42.7%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (2621.6 yuan) accounted for 28.2%, which was 2.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (31.1%).

　　 In 2018, among public hospitals at all levels, the average outpatient expenses of tertiary hospitals increased by 5.2% (the current price, the same below), and the per capita hospitalization expenses increased by 1.7%, which was lower than the increase in patient expenses of public hospitals (see Table 15).

　　 (2) Medical expenses of patients in primary medical and health institutions. In 2018, the average outpatient cost of community health service centers was 132.3 yuan, up 13.1% from the previous year and 10.8% from comparable prices. The per capita hospitalization expense is 3,194.0 yuan, which is 4.4% higher than that of the previous year and 2.3% higher than the comparable price (see Table 16).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost of community health service centers (90.5 yuan) accounted for 68.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year (68.7%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (1,169.6 yuan) accounted for 36.6%, which was 2.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (39.5%).

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient fee of township health centers was 71.5 yuan, which was 7.5% higher than that of the previous year and 5.3% higher than the comparable price. The per capita hospitalization expense is 1,834.2 yuan, which is 6.8% higher than that of the previous year and 4.6% higher than the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 285.3 yuan.

　　 In 2018, the average outpatient drug cost of township hospitals (39.3 yuan) accounted for 55.0%, up 0.6 percentage points from the previous year (54.4%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (730.7 yuan) accounted for 39.8%, which was 2.4 percentage points lower than the previous year (42.2%).

　　 06

　　 VI. Disease Control and Public Health

　　 (a) reported incidence and death of infectious diseases. In 2018, 3.063 million cases of Class A and B infectious diseases were reported and 23,174 people died. The top five reported cases are viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, bacterial and amebic dysentery, accounting for 92.2% of the total reported cases of Class A and B infectious diseases. The top five reported deaths are AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, rabies and Japanese encephalitis, accounting for 99.3% of the total reported deaths of Class A and B infectious diseases (see Table 17).

　　 In 2018, the reported incidence rate of Class A and B infectious diseases in China was 2.20.5/100,000, and the mortality rate was 1.7/100,000.

　　 In 2018, except for filariasis, there were no reported cases of morbidity and mortality of Class C infectious diseases in China, and the other 10 diseases reported a total of 4.708 million cases and 203 deaths. The top five reported cases were hand, foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, influenza, mumps and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, accounting for 99.8% of the total reported cases of Class C infectious diseases. The diseases that reported more deaths were influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea in turn, accounting for 100% of the total reported deaths of Class C infectious diseases (see Table 18).

　　 In 2018, the reported incidence rate of Class C infectious diseases in China was 3.38.9/100,000, and the mortality rate was 0.0146/100,000.

　　 (2) Prevention and control of schistosomiasis. By the end of 2018, there were 450 schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) in China; The number of counties (cities, districts) that have achieved elimination, transmission blocking and transmission control is 263, 124 and 63 respectively; At the end of the year, there were 29,329 patients with advanced schistosomiasis, 78 fewer than the previous year.

　　 (3) prevention and control of endemic diseases. By the end of 2018, there were 330 counties with Keshan disease in the country, with 238 eliminated and 73 controlled counties respectively, and there were 6600 patients. There are 379 counties with Kaschin-Beck disease, 346 counties have been eliminated and 21 counties have been controlled, with 177,000 patients. There are 2,829 counties harmed by iodine deficiency and 2,337 counties eliminated. There are 1049 endemic fluorosis (drinking water type) counties, 668 control counties, 80011 endemic villages, 13.333 million patients with dental fluorosis and 135,900 patients with skeletal fluorosis. There are 171 endemic fluorosis (coal-burning pollution) counties, 156 controlled counties, 13.776 million patients with dental fluorosis and 92,200 patients with skeletal fluorosis.

　　 (4) Prevention and control of occupational diseases. By the end of 2018, there were 2,754 occupational health inspection institutions and 478 occupational disease diagnosis institutions nationwide. In 2018, a total of 23,497 new cases of various occupational diseases, 19,524 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (including 19,468 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis), 1,528 cases of occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, 1,333 cases of occupational chemical poisoning, 540 cases of occupational infectious diseases, 331 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, 77 cases of occupational tumors, 93 cases of occupational skin diseases, 47 cases of occupational eye diseases and 17 cases of radiation-induced diseases were reported. As of 2018, the publicity week of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases has been organized for 16 consecutive years, and the occupational health training project has been implemented. In the past 10 years, 4.3 million person-times of corporate leaders and occupational health managers have been trained.

　　 07

　　 Seven, maternal and child health and healthy aging

　　 (1) Maternal and child health care. In 2018, the prenatal check-up rate of pregnant women was 96.6%, and the postpartum visit rate was 93.8%. Compared with the previous year, the rate of prenatal examination has increased and the rate of postpartum visit has decreased (see Table 19). In 2018, the hospital delivery rate was 99.9% (100.0% in the city and 99.8% in the county), which was the same as the previous year.

　　 In 2018, the systematic management rate of children under 3 years old reached 91.2%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous year; The systematic management rate of pregnant and lying-in women reached 89.9%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year (see Table 19).

　　 (2) Mortality rate of children under 5 years old. According to maternal and child health monitoring, in 2018, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 8.4‰ , in which: City 4.4‰ Rural 10.2‰ ; Infant mortality rate is 6.1‰ , in which: City 3.6‰ Rural 7.3‰ . Compared with the previous year, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old and the infant mortality rate have decreased in different degrees (see Table 20).

　　 (3) Maternal mortality rate. According to maternal and child health monitoring, in 2018, the maternal mortality rate was 18.3/100,000, including 15.5/100,000 in cities and 19.9/100,000 in rural areas. Compared with the previous year, the maternal mortality rate has decreased (see table 20).

　　 (4) National free pre-pregnancy eugenics program. All counties (cities, districts) in China generally carry out free pre-pregnancy eugenics health check-ups, and provide free pre-pregnancy eugenics services such as health education, health check-ups, risk assessment, consultation and guidance for rural planned pregnant couples. In 2018, a total of 11.31 million couples with planned pregnancy were provided with free check-ups, and the average coverage rate of the target population reached 88.4%. All the screened risk groups received targeted counseling and treatment referral services, and pre-pregnancy preventive measures were implemented, effectively reducing the risk of birth defects.

　　 (5) Promoting the combination of health services and medical care for the elderly. In 2018, there were 6 national clinical medical research centers for geriatrics, 1,519 medical and health institutions with geriatrics, and 276 medical and health institutions with hospice care (hospice care). The elderly over 65 accounted for 29.2% of the total number of inpatients. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Healthy Ageing was successfully implemented. Piloting the combination of medical care and nursing care in 90 cities. Jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the second batch of smart and healthy old-age application demonstration work was carried out, and 26 demonstration enterprises, 48 demonstration streets (towns) and 10 demonstration bases were identified.

　　 08

　　 Eight, food safety and health supervision

　　 (1) Food safety risk monitoring. According to the reports of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (the same below), by the end of 2018, there were 2,822 food safety risk monitoring points nationwide to monitor chemical pollutants and harmful factors in 135,000 samples of 26 categories; Monitoring points were set up in 62914 medical and health institutions to carry out food-borne disease monitoring.

　　 (2) Health supervision in public places. In 2018, there were 1.232 million supervised units in public places nationwide, with 6.752 million employees. 1.735 million times of supervision and inspection were conducted in public places, and 82,000 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (3) Sanitary supervision of drinking water. In 2018, there were 80,000 supervised units for drinking water sanitation (water supply) nationwide, and 445,000 people were directly engaged in water supply and management. Supervision and inspection of drinking water hygiene (water supply) was carried out for 134,000 times. There are 5,345 supervised units involving drinking water hygiene and safety products in China, with 114,000 employees. 6,470 households were supervised and inspected for products related to drinking water hygiene and safety. 4,244 cases of drinking water and drinking water safety products were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (four) disinfection products and tableware centralized disinfection hygiene supervision. In 2018, there were 5,894 supervised units in disinfection products, with 87,500 employees. Disinfection products has supervised and inspected 33,900 times, and sampled 4,037 pieces, with a qualified rate of 96.6%. 1,933 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. In 2018, there were 4,262 centralized disinfection service units for tableware and drinking utensils nationwide, with 44,000 employees. 9,754 households were supervised and inspected, and 1,298 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (5) School health supervision. In 2018, there were 197,000 supervised schools nationwide, with 272,000 supervision and inspections and 4,854 cases investigated.

　　 (6) Occupational health and radiological health supervision of medical institutions. By the end of 2018, 3,392 households were actually supervised by occupational health, with a supervision coverage rate of 78.4%, and 5,616 households were regularly supervised. 136 occupational health cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. There were 53,000 actual radiation hygiene supervisors, with a supervision coverage rate of 86.0%, and 82,000 regular inspections were conducted. 6,159 radiation health cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 (seven) health supervision of medical and health care, blood safety and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In 2018, 28,800 health administrative penalties were imposed on medical institutions or medical personnel according to law. Administrative punishment for practicing medicine without a license was 19,200. 122 administrative penalties were imposed on blood collection and supply institutions according to law. 53,000 cases of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases were investigated and dealt with according to law, including 53,000 cases of health administrative punishment.

　　 (8) family planning supervision. In 2018, there were 20,200 family planning supervised units, 23,800 family planning supervision and inspections, and 1,026 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　 09

　　 IX. Population and family development

　　 (a) the universal two-child policy steady implementation. In 2018, the birth population was 15.23 million, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%, and the sex ratio continued to decline steadily. Maternal and child health services have been actively promoted, the whole-course maternity service has been strengthened, and the construction of maternal and child facilities has been solidly promoted. The allocation rate of public places that should be equipped with maternal and child facilities has reached 88.3%, and the phased goals have been successfully completed. Relevant departments have been coordinated to promote the matching of relevant economic and social policies such as nursery, preschool education, employment, housing and taxation with the birth policy.

　　 (2) The reform of family planning service management was deepened. All localities actively promote the interconnection of family planning information, and carry out online registration, "multi-certificate integration", one-time registration and full-service service. The online birth registration rate exceeds 90%, achieving "running at most once". Carry out dynamic monitoring and investigation of floating population and actively promote the equalization of basic public health and family planning services for floating population.

　　 (three) family planning incentives and support policies. In 2018, a total of 19.01 billion yuan was invested in the "three systems" of family planning incentives and assistance, an increase of 3.16 billion yuan over the previous year; The special support system for family planning benefited 1.247 million people, and the project of "having fewer children and getting rich quickly" in the western region benefited 19 thousand households.

　　 Note: The total number of people assisted does not include those who have fewer children and get rich quickly, and the number of people assisted with fewer children and get rich quickly is 10,000; Special assistance is given to families who only count the disabled and dead children of their only child.

　　 Notes:

　　 (1) Medical and health institutions include hospitals, primary medical and health institutions, professional public health institutions and other institutions.

　　 (2) Public hospitals refer to hospitals whose economic types are state-owned and collectively run (including government-run hospitals).

　　 (3) Private hospitals refer to hospitals other than public hospitals, including joint ventures, joint-stock cooperation, private hospitals, hospitals invested by Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and foreign countries.

　　 (4) Primary medical and health institutions include community health service centers (stations), street hospitals, township hospitals, village clinics, outpatient departments and clinics (infirmary).

　　 (5) Professional public health institutions include centers for disease prevention and control, specialized disease prevention and control institutions, maternal and child health care institutions, health education institutions, emergency centers (stations), blood collection and supply institutions, health and family planning supervision institutions, and family planning technical service institutions.

　　 (6) government-run medical and health institutions refer to medical and health institutions organized by administrative departments such as health, education, civil affairs, public security, justice, and corps.

　　 (7) Medical and health institutions of traditional Chinese medicine include hospitals, outpatient departments, clinics and scientific research institutions of traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic medicine.

　　 (8) Health personnel include health technicians, rural doctors and health workers, other technical personnel, management personnel and workers and technicians. According to the statistics of the number of employees on the job, including those who are in the process of preparation, contract system, re-employment and temporary employment for more than half a year.

　　 (9) Health technicians include practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, pharmacists (doctors), technicians (doctors), health and family planning supervisors (including the number of civil servants who have obtained the certificate of health supervisor) and other health technicians.

　　 (10) A practicing (assistant) physician refers to a person who has obtained a doctor’s practicing certificate and is actually engaged in clinical work, excluding a person who has obtained a doctor’s practicing certificate but is actually engaged in management work.

　　 (11) Registered nurses refer to those who have obtained the certificate of registered nurses and are actually engaged in nursing work, excluding those who have obtained the certificate of practicing nurses but are actually engaged in management work.

　　 (12) The number of health technicians, practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, general practitioners, professional public health institutions and beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population is calculated according to the permanent population.

　　 (13) Life expectancy per capita refers to the average number of years that a new group of people can live if the mortality rate of each age group remains unchanged. The data calculation is based on the life registration data of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the census data of the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　Highlighting the mission of state-owned central enterprises in poverty alleviation

　　The State Council SASAC Party Committee

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has issued a great call to the whole Party to resolutely win the fight against poverty, and personally organized and implemented the largest and strongest fight against poverty in human history. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly instructed state-owned enterprises to play an important role in tackling poverty, emphasizing that "state-owned enterprises should undertake more poverty alleviation and development tasks" and "central enterprises undertaking designated poverty alleviation tasks should take assistance as a political responsibility and cannot be vague at all". The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and the central enterprises resolutely implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, regard helping to fight poverty as a major political task, and devote all their efforts to fighting poverty with the responsibility of being a big country. Over the past eight years, all the 248 key poverty alleviation and development counties designated by state-owned central enterprises have been lifted out of poverty, and all the 12,000 poverty alleviation points arranged by the competent departments of the industry and local party committees and governments have been completed. The accumulated direct investment and introduction of various funds in poverty-stricken areas has exceeded 100 billion yuan, including more than 54 billion yuan of free assistance funds, successfully completing various poverty alleviation tasks and helping the broad masses in poverty-stricken areas to embark on the road of common prosperity.

　　First, adhere to the professional expertise and strive to change the backward conditions of production and life in poverty-stricken areas.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to focus on improving production and living conditions, focusing on strengthening infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy, transportation and communication, and public services such as technical training, education and medical care, especially to solve the "last mile" problem of entering villages and households. State-owned central enterprises make full use of superior resources, give full play to enterprise expertise, accelerate infrastructure construction in poverty-stricken areas, unblock congestion points and fill shortcomings, which greatly speeds up the modernization process in poverty-stricken areas.

　　Completed the "road to wealth".Poverty-stricken areas, often with complex topography and poor natural conditions, are isolated from the world and become the heaviest "stone" on the poor people. If you want to be rich, first build roads and get through transportation lines is an important basic work to get rid of poverty. Central construction enterprises have built a large number of infrastructure projects such as railways, highways, bridges and tunnels with high quality, which greatly improved the level of transportation infrastructure in poor areas; Central aviation enterprises have continuously improved their route network, and set up an air road connecting poor areas with the outside. At the same time, state-owned central enterprises have also established a poverty alleviation mechanism of "where the project is built and where the poverty alleviation work is followed up". In Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, where traffic is extremely inconvenient, a large number of central enterprises such as china huadian and China Communications Group invested in building bridges and roads, which solved the long-standing travel problem of local people in one fell swoop.

　　Sent "Huimin Power".The lack of power grid coverage and unstable power consumption have always been a difficult problem that restricts the economic and social development of poor areas. The electric power enterprises of the Central Power Grid have accelerated the new round of rural power grid transformation and upgrading and village-to-village power and electricity projects, with a cumulative investment of more than one trillion yuan, and completed the goal of poverty alleviation and power grid construction ahead of schedule. Only one well is electrified, which can save 2.75 million tons of fuel every year and reduce the irrigation cost of farmers by 11.6 billion yuan. The State Grid overcame the construction difficulties in the plateau area and carried out the Qinghai-Tibet power interconnection project. Four "power roads", including the Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, Tibet-China and Ali interconnection projects, crossed mountains and rivers, completely solving the problem of power shortage that has plagued Tibetan areas for many years. China huadian has implemented the comprehensive energy utilization demonstration of "photovoltaic+energy storage+sewage treatment+agriculture and forestry irrigation" and the demonstration projects of changing dry toilets into water toilets, electric heating kang and replacing electricity with firewood in Banyan New Village, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, creating a "new plateau model" for electric power to serve rural revitalization.

　　Central enterprises put health and poverty alleviation in an important position, and strive to solve outstanding difficulties such as "difficult to see a doctor" and "far away from seeing a doctor" in poverty-stricken areas. Since 2004, China Petrochemical has carried out the "China Petrochemical Guangming" health express public welfare project for 16 consecutive years, which has enabled 46,000 poor cataract patients to see the light again. The picture shows that on May 13th, 2015, the "China Petrochemical Guangming" Health Express launched a public welfare activity in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. Photo courtesy of China Petrochemical Wang Zhidong/photo

　　Opened the "happiness network".In the information age, the "digital divide" is an important aspect that causes poverty-stricken areas to fall behind. Central telecom enterprises have vigorously carried out communication poverty alleviation, with a cumulative investment of more than 200 billion yuan, continuously improved the information and communication infrastructure construction in poverty-stricken areas, and carried out telephone projects and universal pilot services for telecommunications in every village. The poor villages have over 98% access to optical fiber and 4G, and launched a "poverty alleviation package" for the poor people in rural areas, effectively bridging the "digital divide" between urban and rural areas. The poor people in the deep mountains and valleys have also boarded the Internet express train, and online goods have become a weapon for poverty alleviation. China Telecom has been fighting for more than 100 days, and people are carrying communication equipment on their backs, which has completely opened up the information road in Atulier Village, Zhaojue County, Sichuan Province, and the communication level of "Cliff Village" has "stepped over the Millennium".

　　Supported the "medical team."Poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness are the "hard bones" in tackling poverty. Central enterprises put health and poverty alleviation in an important position, investing 2.2 billion yuan in medical assistance funds in poverty-stricken areas, building (donating) more than 2,600 hospitals and rural health centers, donating a large number of advanced medical equipment to poverty-stricken areas, training a large number of medical staff, and carrying out a series of activities such as sending doctors to the countryside and free clinics, striving to solve outstanding difficulties such as "difficult to see a doctor" and "far away from seeing a doctor". Sinopharm Group gave full play to the advantages of the whole industrial chain of the medical and health industry, donated equipment to 21 medical institutions, helped Zhiduo County in Qinghai Province, which is located in the plateau, to upgrade the level of medical institutions and trained thousands of medical staff from all over the country. China Petrochemical Company has carried out the "China Petrochemical Guangming" health express public welfare project for 16 consecutive years, which has enabled 46,000 poor cataract patients to see the light again. China Three Gorges Group has carried out the "Happy Smile" charity activity for 10 consecutive years, helping more than 600 children with cleft lip and palate from poor families to undergo plastic surgery and rehabilitation treatment.

　　Second, adhere to give full play to industrial advantages, so that poor areas can connect with Unicom’s vast market.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that developing industry is the fundamental strategy to achieve poverty alleviation, and it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and take cultivating industry as the fundamental way to promote poverty alleviation. State-owned central enterprises always insist on closely linking the industrial advantages of enterprises with the resource endowments of poverty-stricken areas, solving the needs of poverty-stricken areas in industrial poverty alleviation, solving the urgent needs of poor people in consumption poverty alleviation, and truly helping poverty alleviation to the point and root.

　　Pay attention to embodying characteristics in industrial cultivation.Industrial cultivation is the first move for industrial poverty alleviation. State-owned central enterprises fully consider the endowment structure and economic characteristics of natural resources, ecological environment, land, labor and other factors in poverty-stricken areas, seize the "unique share" of poverty-stricken areas, vigorously develop characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas according to local conditions, and build more than 50,000 industrial poverty alleviation projects, support 12,000 leading rural enterprises and rural cooperatives, introduce more than 2,400 poverty alleviation enterprises, and drive investment of more than 20 billion yuan. In Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province, China Railway Group carried out industrial poverty alleviation around characteristic agricultural products such as auricularia auricula, which helped the local area to establish an industrial chain of "production, packaging and sales". During the inspection, General Secretary Ceng Dian praised "small auricularia auricula, big industry". China Tourism Group and OCT Group deeply explore the tourism resources to help poor counties, help to make tourism plans, train management teams, cultivate tourism routes and build brand scenic spots.

　　Developing industry is the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty. Through industrial support, tuanjie village, Zhaojue County, Liangshan Prefecture, assisted by China Huaneng Sichuan Company, took off the hat of a poor village. The picture shows that on March 30, 2020, a poor household in the village was smiling after the harvest of the "Borrowing Sheep to Return Sheep" project. Photo courtesy of China Huaneng Sichuan Company He Song/photo

　　Pay attention to brand promotion in expanding the market.Brand poverty alleviation is an important starting point for industrial poverty alleviation. Only by inserting the wings of brands can the characteristic products in poor areas fly out of ravines and become golden phoenix. Ordnance Industry Group cooperated with FAO to promote the "Double Heritage" project of Hani Terrace in Honghe County, Yunnan Province, making Hani Terrace a continuous driving force for upgrading the tourism industry and revitalizing the countryside in Honghe County. SINOMACH has turned "Maliu Embroidery" in Chaotian District of Sichuan Province into a local folk culture brand, stepped onto the CCTV stage and entered the United Nations. By developing aviation meals, AVIC, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines promoted the special products of "flying in the blue sky" and "floating in the cabin", which not only enriched the types of meals, but also effectively promoted the sales and brand promotion of poverty alleviation products.

　　Pay attention to building a platform in consumer assistance.Establishing a stable sales channel is the key to form a closed loop of industrial poverty alleviation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, state-owned central enterprises have actively built a network bridge between "small commodities of thousands of households" and "ever-changing big markets" in poverty-stricken areas, purchased more than 14 billion yuan of agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas, and helped to sell more than 4 billion yuan of agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas. A "happy sales network" has been established to benefit the people in poverty-stricken areas. COFCO introduced 579 poverty alleviation products covering 63 state-level poverty-stricken counties in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) through its "I Buy Net". China Minmetals resolutely carried out the important instructions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary in Huayuan County, Hunan Province, "Know what to plant, what to raise and where to increase income, and help villagers find a good way to get rid of poverty and get rich", and explored and established a closed-loop industrial poverty alleviation model of "central enterprises’ investment+rural cooperative operation+driving the income of establishing card holders+enterprises buying products" in the local area.

　　Third, adhere to the simultaneous support of the will and wisdom, and effectively enhance the ability of the poor to become rich through hard work.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is important to get rid of poverty and become rich. As long as you have confidence, loess will become gold; It is necessary to strengthen the combination of poverty alleviation with supporting ambition and wisdom, stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of poor people, encourage and guide them to change their destiny by their own efforts, and make poverty alleviation have sustainable endogenous motivation. State-owned central enterprises attach great importance to enhancing the self-awareness and development concept of the poor people to get rich through hard work, paying attention to teaching the poor people their labor skills and skills to get rich, and pushing the poor people to actually change from "I want to get rid of poverty" to "I want to get rid of poverty" and "I can get rid of poverty".

　　To strengthen education and change ideas.Only when you have a rich brain can you drum up your pockets, and education is the fundamental policy to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. State-owned central enterprises have invested a total of 5.4 billion yuan in education assistance funds, aided more than 2,400 schools and subsidized more than 1.1 million poor students. The summer camp activities of the central enterprise "Young Eagle Central Enterprise Bank" and the "Going Out" assistance plan of China Merchants Group in Naqu, Tibet helped Tibetan middle school students and school-age children to walk out of the mountains, enter the city and broaden their horizons. China Telecom fully supports the pilot action of "learning Putonghua before school" in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and invests hundreds of millions of yuan to solve the communication bottleneck in deep poverty areas and expand the network coverage of preschool education sites in remote areas. The National Energy Group has invested 400 million yuan in poverty alleviation through education, implemented 114 projects and built 14,604 "Love Books".

　　Education is the fundamental policy to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. In the decisive battle to get rid of poverty, state-owned central enterprises pay attention to the combination of poverty alleviation and support for ambition and wisdom, and strive to "help the poor in education." The picture shows the Three Gorges Hope Primary School in Xingshan County, Hubei Province, aided by China Three Gorges Group. The group has donated 720 million yuan to help the poor through education. Photo courtesy of China Three Gorges Group

　　Strengthen training to improve the ability to get rich.It is an effective way to stimulate the endogenous motivation to get rid of poverty and become rich by strengthening the skills training of poor families’ labor force and promoting poor families’ labor force to master more practical skills. China Railway has built a precision poverty alleviation skills education and training base in Rucheng County, Hunan Province, connecting the training and employment chain and continuing the "half quilt" friendship between communist party people and ordinary people. Aerospace science and technology pays attention to creating a poverty alleviation model of "science and technology+employment" and vigorously promotes the development of vocational education in poverty-stricken counties. Poly Group established "Poly Spark Class" to carry out "order" and "orientation" skills training for the children of poor households who set up a card.

　　To help employment and enhance development momentum.One person is employed, and the whole family is lifted out of poverty. Helping people in poverty-stricken areas to find jobs is the most direct and fastest way to get rid of poverty. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council promoted the establishment of a poverty alleviation fund for central enterprises jointly funded by all central enterprises, with a cumulative rolling investment of 34 billion yuan and 132 investment projects, which led to the employment of 550,000 people in poverty-stricken areas and provided income of 4.8 billion yuan for the employed population every year. Central enterprises directly recruited more than 50,000 poor people and helped more than 600,000 poor laborers to find jobs. In view of the special difficulties brought by the COVID-19 epidemic to the poor people going out to work, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council timely organized a special campaign of "fighting the epidemic, stabilizing posts and expanding employment", and held a special job fair for poor migrant workers in designated poverty-stricken counties, providing 147,000 jobs and recruiting 54,000 people.

　　Fourth, persist in focusing on deep poverty-stricken areas and ensure that no one falls behind on the road to a well-off society.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that deep poverty-stricken areas are the solid foundation for tackling poverty. It is necessary to deeply understand the arduousness, importance and urgency of completing the task of tackling poverty as scheduled in deep poverty-stricken areas, and adopt more concentrated support, more effective measures and more powerful work to solidly promote poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas. State-owned central enterprises focus on deep poverty-stricken areas such as "three districts and three States", promote poverty alleviation resources to gather in deep poverty-stricken areas, and resolutely fight the battle of deep poverty and annihilation.

　　Deepen the attack.To conquer the fortress of deep poverty, organizational leadership is the guarantee. The deep poverty-stricken areas represented by "three districts and three states" are the hard ones in tackling poverty, and they are the hard ones in this tough battle. We must concentrate our superior forces and go all out to push forward. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council has held 14 special meetings to help deep-seated poverty-stricken areas, held a symposium on industrial aid from central enterprises to Xinjiang, and helped Qinghai to develop in a sustained and healthy way. It organized activities for central enterprises to help enrich the people and promote Tibet, and the main responsible comrades led a team to Gansu, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai for investigation and held a poverty alleviation site promotion meeting. Under the strong impetus, the number of poverty-stricken counties designated by central enterprises for poverty alleviation and counterpart support in "three districts and three states" has reached 78, and poverty alleviation resources have been continuously gathered in deep poverty-stricken areas.

　　Pay close attention to improving the style of tackling difficulties.Whether the task of getting rid of poverty can be completed with high quality depends on people and the style of cadres. The State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) has earnestly carried out the special treatment of work style problems in the field of poverty alleviation, focused on solving the outstanding problems in the field of poverty alleviation, such as weak "four consciousnesses", inadequate implementation of responsibilities, inaccurate work measures, irregular management and use of funds, unsound work style and lax assessment, and guided enterprises to pay more attention to deep poverty-stricken areas, and guided poverty alleviation cadres to dive down and work with the poor. From the loess high slope to the snowy tianlu, from the northwest border to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, there are poverty alleviation teams of state-owned central enterprises in 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas across the country.

　　Comprehensively ensure the effectiveness of tackling the problem.It is the goal of poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas to let the villagers live a good life without missing a village or leaving a person. China Huaneng, China Datang and China Three Gorges Group fully supported Yunnan Province to win the tough battle of "going straight through the nation" to get rid of poverty, and invested nearly 6 billion yuan to help solve the survival and development dilemma of "going straight through the nation". China Resources Group has built 12 "China Resources Hope Towns" in the old revolutionary base areas and poverty-stricken areas, and created a number of socialist new villages and towns with vibrant agricultural development and distinctive local and ethnic characteristics. China Petrochemical resolutely implemented the fixed-point assistance task for Bulenggou Village in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province, attracting happy water, repairing Huimin Road and building a new countryside, effectively changing the local poverty.

　　Five, adhere to the leadership of the party, fully demonstrate the political nature of the state-owned central enterprises.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that organizational leadership is the guarantee to win the battle against poverty. Adhering to the party’s leadership and giving full play to the advantage that the socialist system can concentrate on doing great things is our greatest political advantage. Party organizations at all levels of state-owned central enterprises take it as their unshirkable political responsibility to help fight poverty, strengthen party building, improve and perfect the strong working system of poverty alleviation organizations, and improve the working mechanism of implementing them at all levels to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of poverty alleviation tasks.

　　Gather extraordinary efforts to establish a strong and efficient poverty alleviation system.The Party Committee of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council set up a leading group for poverty alleviation and development, and organized central enterprises to sign a letter of responsibility for designated poverty alleviation every year, which was regarded as an important content of business performance evaluation. Party committees (party groups) of central enterprises have all set up leading bodies for poverty alleviation work and improved the organizational system for poverty alleviation work. Since 2017 alone, more than 3,000 poverty alleviation meetings have been held, and more than 2,400 members of the leading bodies have gone to designated poverty alleviation counties for special promotion work. Party organizations at all levels of state-owned central enterprises regard poverty alleviation as the "top leader" project special research, special deployment and special promotion. Leading cadres at all levels resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of poverty alleviation, forming a vivid situation in which state-owned central enterprises are mobilized, cadres and workers are working together, and they are linked up and down.

　　Implement extraordinary measures to explore a precise and effective path of poverty alleviation and development.To carry out the basic strategy of precise poverty alleviation, the Party Committee of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission has successively issued 10 poverty alleviation documents, clarifying the basic principles, main tasks, work priorities and specific requirements for poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas of "three districts and three states". Based on the wishes of local governments, the needs of the masses and the capabilities of enterprises, the Party Committee (Party Group) of central enterprises has made practical moves in precise policy, made real achievements in precise promotion and achieved practical results in precise landing, and truly helped the poor to the point and the root, realizing a virtuous circle of industrial benefits, people’s income, enterprises’ returns and local development.

　　Do our utmost to forge a poverty alleviation team that dares to fight and win.Taking the front line of poverty alleviation as an important platform for training and training cadres, we selected elite soldiers and strong generals to be directly embedded in poverty-stricken areas, and sent a total of 37,000 poverty alleviation cadres. The poverty alleviation cadres of state-owned central enterprises fought with the local people and forged a deep friendship. In particular, 19 poverty alleviation cadres from 12 central enterprises, including China National Nuclear Corporation, have sacrificed their lives in the front line of poverty alleviation work, and they have written songs of poverty alleviation and youth in the new era with their lives, which are widely praised by cadres and workers of state-owned central enterprises and grassroots people in helping areas. Comrade Qiu Jun, a poverty alleviation cadre of chemical engineering in China, was appointed as the deputy magistrate of Huachi County, Gansu Province, and was exhausted in the poverty alleviation post. He still missed the poor people in the intensive care unit for only three days, wrote three unfinished poverty alleviation jobs with trembling handwriting, and left a message to his wife and two young children, "I miss having dinner with my family, so I will buy it and make it for you", and fulfilled the initial mission of communist party people with the action of serving the public wholeheartedly and sacrificing myself.

　　Make great efforts to build a number of strong fighting fortresses rooted in the countryside.Taking Party building as an important starting point for poverty alleviation, more than 18,000 Party branches have been jointly established in poverty-stricken areas and more than 270,000 grassroots cadres have been trained, which has effectively enhanced the political function and organizational power of grassroots party organizations in poverty-stricken areas. The poverty alleviation cadres of state-owned central enterprises walked into the village and sat on the kang to convey the voice of the party face to face, and sent the care and warmth of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the CPC Central Committee to the hearts of the poor people, so that the people in the helping areas really felt that communist party was good, socialism was good and the great motherland was good. "In the past, I only knew that central enterprises were big, but now I know that central enterprises listen to the party most" and "Thank the central enterprises for thanking the party". These simple words of ordinary people are the biggest praise for state-owned central enterprises to resolutely achieve "two maintenance" and implement the party’s poverty alleviation policy to the letter.

　　Entering a new stage of development and marching towards a new journey, state-owned central enterprises must make new achievements. The Party Committee of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) and the Party Committee (Party Group) of central enterprises will organically unify the promotion of enterprises’ own reform and development with the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements and the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization, so as to ensure the implementation of the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee with more powerful measures and gather more powerful forces and make greater contributions to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.