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Fibroblasts are diverse interstitial cells, which create signal niches by producing complex extracellular matrix and biophysical and biochemical clues, and participate in tissue balance and diseases. Fibroblasts have diverse lineages and a wide range of uses, but our understanding of these cells, which fill a considerable part of the human body, is still not comprehensive. Next, let’s understand the mysterious and fascinating fibroblasts from four aspects and embark on a human journey across time and space.

Definition of fibroblast

The term "fibroblast" refers to the following kinds of cells: (1) cells that secrete many macromolecules with the same structure and signal as the extracellular space of tissues; (2) Adopting the phenotype of myofibroblasts that contract instantaneously when dealing with tissue injury; (3) signal niche cells as resident stem cells; (4) As the progenitor cells of specialized differentiated interstitial cells, they are sometimes called mesenchymal stem cells (Lemos and Duffield, 2018; Pittenger et al. , 1999, 2019）。

Fibroblasts create and maintain anatomically diverse connective tissue rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) to support a wide range of basic organ functions, such as resisting blunt and sharp skin injuries, stretching and elastic retraction in the organ range of lung, etc. In addition to producing connective tissue, fibroblasts serve as the progenitor cells of specialized interstitial cell types during embryonic development, adult homeostasis, injury, repair and remodeling, such as osteoblasts forming bones or fat cells filled with lipids.

The origin and development of fibroblasts

In 1858, German pathologist Rudolf Virchow first described fibroblasts as a unique cell type, which he called "Spindelzellen des Bindegewebes"-"Spindle cells of connective tissue" (Virchow, 1858；; Fig. 2A). Ernst Ziegler first put forward the term "fibroblast" to describe cells that produce new connective tissue after healing (Ziegler, 1895；; Fig. 2B), this observation was replicated by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who observed that "célula fusiforme" or "fibro-células" are important producers of granulation tissue in skin wound healing and scar (Cajal, 1986；; Fig. 2C). The appearance of in vitro technology developed in the 1900 s promoted the research of fibroblasts. These methods allow primary fibroblasts from embryonic chicken heart explants to be cultured, and these cells can easily propagate before other cell types after passage (Burrows and Neymann, 1917; Carrel, 1912; Ebeling, 1913; Hogue, 1919； Fig. 2D). More than 50 years later, 3T3 fibroblast cell line from mouse embryo was established (Todaro and Green, 1963; Todaro and others,1964) further promoted our understanding of the biological and genealogical potential of fibroblasts. These findings include the identification of fibroblast growth factor (FGFS) (Gospodarovicz, 1974); Multi-line differentiation of cultured fibroblasts into bone, cartilage and fat cells (Junker et al., 2010); And the key role of fibroblasts in the production, remodeling and contraction of ECM.

Although there are a lot of studies on fibroblasts in vitro, the in vivo correlation of these cells is still unclear, and the real characteristics of fibroblasts and their pedigree potential in the in vivo primary environment have only recently been deeply explored. New evidence shows that fibroblasts have promoted major changes in the tumor-related environment, which has been widely reviewed elsewhere (Sahai et al., 2020).

Organ specificity of fibroblasts

The existence of tissue-specific fibroblast function and lineage can support the development, homeostasis and repair needs of specific organs. During embryonic development, multiple cell lines coalesce to form fibroblasts, which are filled with organs from all three somatic germ layers, such as skin and breast derived from ectoderm, skeletal muscle or myocardium derived from mesoderm, and lungs derived from endoderm. When fibroblasts proliferate in specific organs, they will produce unique microstructure, biophysical and biochemical components of connective tissue.

In organs rich in epithelial cells (for example, skin and lungs), fibroblasts in the skin produce a mechanically elastic, viscous and elastic structural foundation, which supports the epithelial cells of the outward layered epidermis and its many appendages, mainly hair follicles and sweat glands. Fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cell lines in the skin have established three anatomically different layers: papillary dermis, reticular dermis and dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) (Figure 5A). Skin epithelial cells are derived from ectoderm, which has a unique level of connectivetissue. In contrast, lung epithelium originated from endoderm, forming a highly branched tree and eventually forming an inflatable sac called alveoli. The gas exchange function of lung depends on the close physical connection between alveolar epithelium and extensive capillary network, and on the repeated and rapid expansion and contraction ability of lung. These functions require the reticular ECM of the lung, which has the best viscoelasticity, but is strong enough to withstand the change of air pressure and prevent alveolar rupture and potentially fatal air pressure trauma. With the maturity of the lung, the lung mesenchymal progenitor cells assume different spatial positions and functions, including smooth muscle cells around bronchi and blood vessels, pericytes, numerous interstitial fibroblasts, adipocytes supporting lung cells and mesothelial cells of visceral pleura (Peng et al., 2013; Fig. 5B).

In interstitial organs (such as skeletal muscle and heart), unlike skin and lung, skeletal muscle has no epithelial structure, but is composed of large, highly differentiated and multinucleated muscle fibers arranged in parallel, and its main function is to generate strength through contraction. The connective tissue in muscle has a complex layered tissue. Its innermost layer is called endocardium, which surrounds a single muscle fiber and contains a special basement membrane rich in laminin and collagen IV. Laminin acts through its transmembrane receptor, helping the mechanical force to be transmitted from the intracellular contraction device to the inner muscle layer rich in collagen I and III (Chapman et al., 2016). Muscle fiber group is called bundle, surrounded by perimuscular layer, which forms a continuum with tendon, and is rich in so-called perimuscular layer "cable", that is, thick connective tissue bundle mainly composed of closely arranged type I and type III collagen III fibers. Finally, the whole muscle is wrapped by the connective tissue layer of the adventitia (Chapman et al., 2016). Myocardium is an anatomically and physiologically complex contractile organ. Its main cell group, cardiomyocytes, are connected with each other, and an electrically coupled tissue is formed through the sandwich disc that constitutes its middle layer, which is called myocardium. The heart is also rich in fibroblasts, which produce and reshape a powerful ECM network, which is very important for conductivity and heartbeat rhythm. In addition to myocardium, fibroblasts also exist in the outermost epicardium, which contains specialized adipose tissue, and the innermost endocardium, with a layer of endothelial cells at its edge.Unlike most other organs’ fibroblasts, which originated from mesenchymal progenitor cells through gradual standardization, most cardiac fibroblasts are formed through EMT, and fibroblasts located in interventricular septum and right ventricle are products of EndMT (Gittenberger-de Groot et al., 1998; Fig. 5D).

Application of fibroblasts in diseases

At present, the approved anti-fibrosis therapy is aimed at the activation of fibroblasts in established diseases and cannot restore the structure and function of diseased tissues. Therefore, developing strategies to promote the repair of damaged tissues will greatly promote the development of this field.

Although the plasticity of fibroblasts may be problematic in the context of fibrotic diseases, it also provides opportunities for regenerative intervention. Recently, this understanding has promoted the development of in-situ reprogramming into fibroblasts by molecular strategy to restore tissue anatomy and function (including direct reprogramming). In skin wounds, the innate ability of fibroblasts to support hair follicle regeneration can be induced by transcription reprogramming.

Examples have proved that the principle of therapeutic reprogramming of fibroblasts in vivo can be realized in liver and heart, such as transferring transcription factors such as Foxa3, Gata4, Hnf1a and Hnf4a to myofibroblasts in liver through viruses, reprogramming them into hepatocyte-like cells, and reducing the signs of liver fibrosis in mouse models (Rezvani et al., 2016; Song et al., 2016). The above examples clearly emphasize the therapeutic potential of reprogramming tissue-resident fibroblasts directly into "working" cells, and suggest it as a new scar replacement strategy. However, there are still several important problems to be solved, including the efficiency of reprogramming factor delivery using non-integrated vectors and high fibroblast specificity (if not exclusiveness), in order to transform this attractive method into safe clinical application.

Conclusion and prospect

In the past decades, our understanding of fibroblast biology under different organs and conditions has made remarkable progress. New methods and techniques have made this field develop from phenotypic study of cultured cells more than a century ago to complex genetic and functional observation in vivo. These advances reveal that fibroblasts from different organs (such as skin, lung, heart and skeletal muscle) have unexpected similarities and unique characteristics, so they are currently used to treat human diseases.

While great progress has been made, many problems and opportunities still exist. For example, the ongoing efforts to adopt single-cell omics and space genomics technologies will provide key insights into the heterogeneity of fibroblasts within and between tissues, and their ability to assume multiple functional States for physiological or disease triggers. With our understanding of the basic function of fibroblasts far beyond the scope of ECM synthesis, in-situ regulation of fibroblasts can bring new therapeutic possibilities for a wide range of diseases characterized by aging, pathological remodeling and tissue fibrosis. New research fields, including cross-regulation between wound fibroblasts, immune cells and peripheral nervous system, are very important for understanding how to restore tissues to their pre-injury state. Finally, effective clinical transformation will require rigorous verification in local human tissues and human-like models, such as organotypic cultures, xenotransplantation and organs derived from pluripotent cells. These advances will make it possible to prevent, treat and even reverse fibrosis through proper and controlled repair.

Related paper information

The original paper was published in Cell, a periodical of CellPress Cell Press. Click "Read the original" to view the paper.

▌ Paper title:

Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease

▌ Website of the paper:

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00792-3

▌DOI：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.024

Read the original text

Special feature of 1905 film network The online drama "The Beginning" ended, and Douban scored 8.2 points.Are you satisfied with this ending? What is the ending in your mind?

　

In any case, The Beginnings has brought the audience into the "circular" world, especially after hearing Cannon, some viewers will have the same conditioned reflex as Li Shiqing (ornaments).

　

After three days of broadcasting, the broadcast volume has exceeded 100 million. So far, the broadcast volume has exceeded 1.2 billion, and the average number of hot searches for single episode updates has exceeded 20. Not only that, the series has been bought overseas for broadcasting rights, and there are even plans to shoot a film version through the Internet.

　

Undoubtedly, "The Beginning" is definitely an explosive drama series that opened in 2022.

　

The broadcast effect is good, and many viewers applaud it, even lamenting that the series is underestimated and should have a higher score, while digging deep into the details of the series one by one; However, some viewers have frankly praised this kind of circulating works, which is not as refined as the film, but now it makes the story drag on.

　

So, is the series "The Beginning" worth this score? We have invited Xiao Ke, an audience who likes the play very much, and Xiao Dou, an audience who thinks the play is overrated, to talk about the beginning.

　

"infinite flow"

"infinite flow" is an unavoidable topic in The Beginning.

　

The so-called "infinite flow" is actually that the hero and heroine keep returning to the original space and time in order to complete a certain task until the task is completed.

　

This concept setting is not new. Many viewers pointed out that movies such as this are all similar settings, and domestic movies and dramas also have corresponding attempts.

Although "The Beginning" does not completely conform to this setting in a strict sense, it cannot be denied that this high concept attracts the audience like a "hook" and makes some viewers immersed in it.

　

In Xiaoke’s view, this concept is not the focus of "Beginning". It is more like a suspense set by the creator, letting the audience find the murderer and the story behind the murderer.

　

Like movies with related settings, most of the previous films will be constantly circulating in a single space, strengthening the concept of infinite flow. "The Beginning" does not directly tell the audience that there is a bomb on the bus, but every time there is a new situation, from the so-called accident to the final confirmation that it was detonated for no reason when there was no accident, and it is more certain that the suspect is a passenger on the bus.

　

The progression of this story is to pave the way for the follow-up of the series, where Li Shiqing and Xiao Heyun (ornaments) interrogate the passengers on the bus and lead to the story behind the passengers.

　

Xiaodou thinks that this introduction has affected the narrative rhythm of the drama.

　

He agrees with the interesting spoilers of some viewers on the Internet. From the appearance of two well-known actors, Liu Dan, in the car, the murderer has been very clear. Not only that, from the very beginning, the series emphasized how the driver played by Huang Jue was appraised as advanced in the past, which was completely different from the reaction in the incident situation.

　

Of course, The Beginning didn’t deliberately hide who the murderer was from the audience. At the beginning of the fourth episode, when Li Shiqing shouted that there was a bomb in the car, the explosion developed immediately, and some framing processing was done in the lens picture, which showed that a pair of hands pulled the pressure cooker.

　

Fourthly, it integrates a turning point in the beginning, leading the so-called infinite flow to the topic of finding the murderer.

Although there are details, for the "spoiler" audience, there are fewer surprises in the following plot, and the overall rhythm becomes procrastinating. After all, the next turning point of "The Beginning" is in the eighth episode, when Liu Dan plays Tao Yinghong.

From the fourth episode to the eighth episode, and even the tenth episode behind, the protagonists are constantly circulating in the story, interrogating passengers from all walks of life, and the camera also digs their own human topics, which can be said to be a plus item, but for the main story, it seems a bit lengthy.

This view put forward by Adzuki Bean has indeed become a doubt for many viewers about the rhythm of the plot.

　

"Understanding" of Characters

In Xiaoke’s view, the case of "The Beginning" is not the focus, but the humanity behind it is the place where the play looks good.

　

Drama is different from movies, and the whole drama is single, which can involve more story content. It is precisely because "The Beginning" has a capacity of 15 episodes that it can spread more content and drive the audience to explore everyone in the car, and this kind of excavation of human nature is actually the place where the producer is best at noon sunshine.

　

After the discovery of the bomb and the murderer, The Beginning is to tell the story behind the humble people on the bus. This kind of narration is not single, but also serves the audience to explore the story behind the driver and Tao Yinghong.

　

The late development of the drama, including the quarrel between the man and the woman, actually embodies human nature. In fact, the choice of the male and female hosts in episode 8 is to "save their own lives" or "save the whole car", with the aim of highlighting this point.

　

Besides, in the 10th episode of the series, when the male and female hosts ask the passengers in the car for help, each character has a clearer personality display under the foreshadowing of the previous events, which makes their behavior more convincing.

　

But in adzuki bean’s view, this form does not seem to be the best presentation at present.

　

The narrative perspective of The Beginning, from the perspective of men and women, and then to passengers, tries to convey a concept, "understanding" to the audience in many ways.

Why did some people be indifferent when Li Shiqing cried for help at the beginning? For this reason, the creative team has a lot of details to deal with and explain. For example, the old farmer with watermelon was afraid to go to the police station at first, and it was not until his story line that the audience realized that his past experience would cast a shadow on him.

　

This understanding is also hidden in the confrontation between police officers and men and women. People in the real world naturally find it difficult to understand the concept of "cycle". The drama series relies on every telling of the story to make "understanding" itself have a soul.

　

The idea of the play is good, but the way of promoting it directly leads to the low narrative efficiency, and finally the story of each character can only be told in the middle of the drama in the way of approximate unit drama.

This narrative transition lacks sufficient impetus, which makes the tense atmosphere created at the beginning of the story turn sharply into a warm route, and the split style will also weaken the perception. If it can be shown by film narration, it will be far more compact than the narrative method of this traditional TV series.

　

This kind of rhythm is also missing in the hero and heroine as "circulators".

In the first ten episodes of the series, after more than 20 cycles, they didn’t really give enough useful information. But since the 11th episode, the whole rhythm has obviously accelerated, and this episode is also the key turning point for the third time.

　

But from here on, the story still leaves more than half of the problems unsolved.

Why do drivers and "Aunt Pot" bomb buses? Is there an answer to the story behind it? Can men and women get rid of the cycle? What kind of life will the passengers on the bus be after liberation?

　

After nearly five episodes of exploration, each character in the drama really found their value and acting position. The male and female host began to present the identity of "recycler" to the audience, and intervened in the whole incident, and began to solve these mysteries for the audience one by one.

　

Although "The Beginning" will have a lot to tell, and the current 15-episode series can also be seen to be striving for fine short plays, on the whole, there is still much room for refinement in the narrative mode and rhythm of the story.

　

In fact, both Xiao Ke and Xiao Dou think that The Beginning has many points worthy of recognition in its creative expression. Even if it still has some improvements, it does not affect that it is still a high-quality work in Chinese drama.

　

As for whether "The Beginning" is worth 8.2 points, every audience has its own score in mind.

Perhaps, it can provide proof for the later high-concept dramas, and how to better narrate and enter the audience’s heart. Then, it will be a good "start".

　　Emotional kidnapping, service congestion, scheming and indulging … … In the daily scene of compulsory attention to WeChat official account after scanning the QR code, there is a logic that "you can’t XX without paying attention".

　　Pink-up has formed an industrial chain. On a variety of pink-up platforms, some weighing scale fans only need 7 cents each, and 3,000 pieces will be sold, with large quantities and discounts.

　　Compulsory attention to WeChat official account to earn traffic is only the first step, and other profitable behaviors such as taking personal information and accurately pushing advertisements will follow.

　　"Are you there? Vote for me?" Click on the link sent by relatives and friends, but I want to enter the voting channel only to find that I should pay attention to WeChat official account first; When I came to the door of the pharmacy, a small line appeared on the weighing scale, which was intended to help customers understand the basic health conditions such as height and weight: "Scan the QR code and you can use it"; I plan to drive away from the garage after shopping, but I don’t care that WeChat official account can’t continue to pay the fee … … In the scanning code again and again in daily life scenes, the list of "subscription numbers" of mobile phones becomes longer and longer.

　　Pay, add friends and get information … … With the rapid development of Internet and mobile payment, the operation of "scanning QR code" is becoming more and more popular, which brings a lot of convenience to people. However, at the moment of chasing users’ attention, it is not uncommon to force attention to WeChat official account after scanning the QR code. Stranger still, the WeChat official account may have nothing to do with the user’s ongoing activities.

　　Why can’t we "bypass" WeChat official account? The reporter’s investigation found that there is a hidden gold chain behind it.

　　Hit Xu Juntu/this magazine

　　Do everything possible just to attract attention

　　Use WIFI in public places, and use coupons for hotel bills … … There is a logic that "you can’t do XX without paying attention" in many scenes of compulsory attention to WeChat official account. The reporter combed and found that the reasons for pushing people to submit can be subdivided into three categories:

　　Emotional "kidnapping" type WeChat official account used the interpersonal network of the direct participants to "escort" with feelings, and distributed the task of paying attention to WeChat official account as an adjunct to voting and helping others.

　　White-collar Ling Lu inadvertently cleaned up WeChat and found that less than half of the "subscription numbers" were what he really wanted to pay attention to. "The most common situation is voting. You must first pay attention to WeChat official account, the sponsor of the voting." Ling Lu said that due to family ties and friendship, I can’t help but vote. Sometimes I forget to cancel my attention after voting, and I have saved so much unconsciously.

　　Service "jam" type. The public company cooperates with the merchants to take "paying attention to the public company" as a compulsory channel for users to complete services and attract traffic.

　　When Cheng Xiaoqi, a citizen of Nanchang, Jiangxi, recently parked in the underground garage of a large shopping mall, he was asked to pay attention to a WeChat official account named "Stop on time" with WeChat. When asked whether direct payment could be made without paying attention to WeChat official account, the staff said no. Cheng Xiaoqi questioned: "What can be solved by scanning a receipt code? Why do I have to pay attention to WeChat official account?"

　　Click "Stop on time", and the main body of this account is Jiangxi Yixing Intelligent Parking Management Co., Ltd. The reporter called the company’s customer service, and the other party said that the cooperation between WeChat official account and the parking lot would require the parking lot to guide users to pay fees through the platform, which was a business model, and he was concerned that WeChat official account "would not bring any losses to car owners". When the reporter further confirmed that "I don’t care if I can’t pay for leaving", the customer service first said that there is another QR code that can pay directly. After the reporter said that he didn’t see the QR code in the relevant parking lot, the customer service also called "it depends on the parking lot".

　　The "inducement" type. The public party, that is, the service provider, defaults to the platform as the "necessary carrier" for using services and offers to guide attention, which is more concealed.

　　Nowadays, when you go to a restaurant to spend money, some restaurants no longer provide paper menus. The waiter will remind customers to order through the QR code posted on the corner of the table. And many ordering QR codes ambush a "careful machine": only when you pay attention to the WeChat WeChat official account of the store can you order food; Linking attention to WeChat official account with preferential activities has become one of the means for most "no paper menu" hotels to retain guests.

　　"weighing scale fans" are 70 cents each.

　　In the Internet age, fans mean value. It is WeChat official account’s desire to "suck gold" after rising in powder, which triggered a series of operations to pay compulsory attention to WeChat official account.

　　Mr. Zhang is the head of an operation in WeChat official account, where a single tweet has been read more than 100,000 times. He revealed to reporters that the current cost of acquiring a fan through official channels is around 5 yuan to 10 yuan. Because of the high cost of obtaining customers, only WeChat official account, a capital-rich head, can afford it, and most WeChat official account can only choose unofficial channels to raise money at the initial stage.

　　Search for "WeChat official account Pink" in Baidu, and a variety of pink platforms will come into view. Industry insiders told reporters that at present, Fanfen has formed an industrial chain. The accuracy of fans, the richness of equipment channels and the professionalism of customized solutions have become the main means for platforms to compete for customers’ competitiveness, and compulsory attention has become the main means for platform offline customers.

　　The reporter investigated a powder-increasing platform that mainly helps customers realize their demand for powder-increasing through offline equipment, and found that there are many offline scenes promoted on its corporate homepage, including weighing scale, doll machine, shared charging treasure, vending machine, hospital equipment powder-increasing, karaoke powder-increasing, WIFI powder-increasing, etc. There are also differences in retention rate, age group and price among different channels.

　　For example, if the hospital equipment is powdered, users can pay attention to WeChat official account to receive environmental protection bags or medical records for free by scanning the code in the hospital. The retention rate of fans in this scene is 60% to 80% of that day, and the age group is 18 to 45 years old; The doll machine adds powder by inducing users to scan the code to pay attention to WeChat official account’s voucher collection. The retention rate of fans is 60% to 80%, and the age group is 18 to 35 years old.

　　"This company is well-known in the industry and has offline equipment all over the country. Because the equipment is laid directly offline, the customer’s cost of obtaining customers is relatively low. The cheapest weighing scale fans only need 7 cents each, and 3,000 are sold, with a large quantity and a discount. " Sales staff said that many so-called powder-increasing platforms on the Internet actually don’t have the ability to get customers offline, and most of them cooperate with first-hand customer-obtaining platforms like them to earn the middle price difference by being a "profiteer".

　　Another powder-raising platform has only three ways of powder-raising: paper towel machine, weighing scale and WIFI. The price of powder-raising package in weighing scale is: 1,000 fans 900 yuan, 4,000 yuan for 5,000 fans and 7,000 yuan for 10,000 fans. The prominent position of its homepage is also straightforward, indicating that the number of customers served has exceeded 25,000, with a cumulative increase of 90 million, and the amount of powder increased by more than 120,000 that day.

　　Seemingly voluntary, but actually compulsory.

　　Is there any infringement in WeChat official account’s behavior when he is forced to pay attention to "no consultation"? According to the experts interviewed, under the premise of consumption, it is a kind of "voluntary in form and compulsory in essence" for merchants to force consumers to pay attention to WeChat official account.

　　"You must scan the code to pay attention to WeChat official account to order food, which is suspected of infringing on consumers’ right to choose independently." Gu Zhiming, Secretary-General of Jiangxi Consumer Protection Committee, said that Article 26 of the Consumer Protection Law stipulates that operators shall not exclude or restrict consumers’ rights, reduce or exempt operators’ responsibilities, increase consumers’ responsibilities and other unfair and unreasonable provisions to consumers by means of format clauses, notices, statements and shop notices, and shall not use format clauses and technical means to force transactions. Format clauses, notices, statements, shop notices, etc. contain the contents listed in the preceding paragraph, and their contents are invalid.

　　What’s more, according to industry insiders, the ultimate goal of business promotion is to turn online traffic into offline revenue. It is only the first step to pay compulsory attention to WeChat official account to earn user traffic, and other profitable behaviors such as obtaining personal information and accurately pushing advertisements will follow.

　　Zeng Yue, a lawyer of Jiangxi Qiuzheng Ward Law Firm, said that when WeChat users pay attention to WeChat official account, they will often receive a prompt that "WeChat official account has applied for your WeChat avatar, nickname, region and gender information". If they don’t click "allow", they will not be able to pay attention and get the services provided by WeChat official account. There is also the risk of revealing personal information for WeChat users, especially the elderly who are not very likely to use mobile phones to surf the Internet.

　　"The original intention of QR code is to make life more convenient, but it is mandatory to pay attention to what WeChat official account can consume ‘ Additional terms ’ To a certain extent, it also excludes the consumption rights of non-netizen groups. " Ruan Xinyi, a lawyer of Shanghai Jintiancheng (Nanchang) Law Firm, said that in the context of Internet consumption becoming a general trend, it is the only way to win the support of consumers to advocate businesses to simplify operating procedures while providing high-quality Internet products or services, to exercise their rights to the minimum extent and to protect the rights of network users to the maximum extent. (Reporter Hu Jinwu, Yuan Huijing)

For most people, it is only the beginning to mention cars from 4S shops, and the cost of car maintenance in the later period is the big deal. So what I said today can help us save some money in the future. Next, let’s see if its highlights can attract you with Xiaobian.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Xingyue L. The front design of Xingyue L is very fashionable and looks simple. Coupled with stylish headlights, it has a great visual impact. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4795MM*1895MM*1689MM, the car uses exquisite lines, the side of the car gives people a very sharp feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, giving people a very elegant feeling. Looking back, the rear of the car looks very cool, and the taillights give people a very fashionable and sporty feeling. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, the overall shape is still very attractive.

Coming into the car of Xingyue L, the interior of Xingyue L presents a fashionable and sporty design style, which reflects the sense of design. The steering wheel of the car is eye-catching, made of leather and dignified. Take a look at the central control. The car is decorated with a sharp touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a fashionable design style, which is very eye-catching. The car adopts leather seats, which are wrapped in place, exquisite in materials and comfortable to ride.

Equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, UWB digital key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, it has rich functions and greatly improves its convenience.

This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality. You must also have a look at this car, which will definitely bring you unexpected surprises.

[car home Linyi Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, preferential activities are being carried out in Linyi area, and the maximum preferential amount can reach 15,000 yuan. Now the lowest starting price is only 122,200 yuan. If you are interested in this car, you may wish to click "Check the price of the car" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

The front face design of Xingyue L adopts a straight waterfall air intake grille, and the overall style is simple and atmospheric. The front face is decorated with a large area of chrome plating, which is impressive with sharp LED headlights on both sides. At the same time, the shape of the front bumper is also very unique, which complements the sporty atmosphere of the whole vehicle. On the whole, the design of Xingyue L is in line with modern aesthetics, giving people a sense of fashion and luxury.

Xingyue L has a length, width and height of 4770*1895*1689mm and a wheelbase of 2845mm, providing a spacious interior space. Its side lines are smooth, combined with the tyre size of 245/45 R20, and equipped with unique 20-inch rims, which shows sports and luxury. The front and rear wheel tracks are both 1610mm, which ensures excellent handling performance and stability.

The interior design of Xingyue L is simple and elegant, and its style is luxurious. The center console is equipped with a 12.3-inch large screen, which integrates multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioning, skylight and other functions, supports voice recognition control and is convenient to operate. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth. The front row is equipped with two USB ports and two Type-C ports, and the rear row is also equipped with two USB ports and two Type-C ports to meet the charging requirements of various devices. The front row is also equipped with mobile phone wireless charging function, which is convenient to use. In terms of seats, Xingyue L is made of imitation leather. The main seat can be adjusted back and forth, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way) and lumbar support (4-way). It also has the functions of heating, ventilation and massage. The co-pilot seat also supports back and forth adjustment. Both the driver’s seat and the co-pilot’s seat have electric seat memory function, which is convenient for users to adjust to the most comfortable sitting position. The second row of seats supports backrest adjustment, and the reclining form is proportional reclining, which increases the flexibility of the interior space.

Xingyue L is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 175kW and a maximum torque of 350N·m, which is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, providing a strong power output and a smooth shifting experience for the vehicle.

Car home car owners also spoke highly of Xingyue L. He mentioned: "Xingyue L’s power space has excellent texture, and its appearance is simple and elegant!" This evaluation fully shows the outstanding performance of Xingyue L in many aspects.

　　"I just bought a cup. When it arrived this morning, I thought I bought a set." Yesterday, the coffee cup bought by white-collar Xiao Cui on the online shopping platform arrived, but the box startled her. "Close to a big box with a length of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm, there is a small cup with a height of 7 cm." The "618" shopping festival has started, and the home of online shoppers like Xiao Cui may be "full of boxes" in these days.

　　June 17-23 is this year’s National Energy Conservation Publicity Week. According to a survey by Beijing Evening News reporters, in addition to gifts, over-packaging has become a common phenomenon in the fields of instant consumption for personal use, such as take-away meals, fruits and vegetables, drinks and express delivery. Experts said that packaging reduction requires the government, industry associations and platforms to do their part.

　　Takeaway: The lunch box for two people can be stacked 20 cm high.

　　"If you’ve eaten the takeout of noodles from Hefu, you’ll know that the packaging is simply grandiose." Xiao Yang’s company is located in Chaoyang District. Sometimes she eats out at noon and sometimes orders take-out. Among them, the take-out of noodles from Hefu impressed her deeply: "A big insulation bag, a plastic bowl of noodles, a plastic bowl of soup and a plastic box of snacks, and tableware are also printed separately ‘ Four Treasures of the Study ’ In the plastic packaging. "

　　Xiao Yang admits that such exquisite packaging makes the meal look "tall", and it does make the dining experience better: "The soup and noodles are packaged separately, and then mixed when eating, so that the noodles will not be smashed, but there are still some flashy places, such as insulation bags, which often do not play a fixed role, and will still be sprinkled. Moreover, although the insulation bags are not disposable, they are actually difficult to reuse and are finally thrown away. There is also some waste in the details, like half a sausage is also placed in a long plastic box. "

　　Jamlom, a freelancer, feels the same way about this. He often orders the take-out of Manling porridge shop at home: "When one porridge is delivered with two steamed or fried things, even if two steamed dumplings can be packed in one carton, the merchant must separate two boxes. If two people eat it together, the cardboard box will stack up 20 cm when throwing garbage at last."

　　Jamlom guessed that it may be more convenient for merchants to confirm whether they have enough weight, and the cost of dining boxes has replaced the labor cost, but this is obviously a waste of natural resources: "The paper box is too small to reuse other things, not to mention how many times it is clearly indicated that tableware is not needed, and merchants still send a bunch of disposable tableware."

　　The Beijing Evening News reporter found that in the comment areas of the above two businesses, exquisite packaging is a frequent label on the take-away platforms such as Hungry, Meituan, etc. Most customers have a positive attitude towards this, and only when there are obvious problems with the food will they question the packaging as "flashy".

　　Fruits and vegetables: Each banana is wrapped separately.

　　"A year ago, I was often in ‘ Tiantian Orchard ’ When you buy fruit on the App, its packaging is very excessive. Every kind of fruit you buy has a box, and there is a big cardboard box outside. It is very exquisite, but I really don’t think it is necessary. After all, the wool is on the sheep. " Ms. Zeng is the HR Commissioner of an enterprise. She told the Beijing Evening News reporter that any fruit purchased on this App is a carton of one kind. She made a special suggestion to the customer service. "I said that this packaging method is not environmentally friendly enough, and it is recommended to reuse it. The general meaning of the customer service reply is that this packaging is to protect the quality of the fruit, but I didn’t adopt my opinion anyway."

　　The reporter spent 69.8 yuan on the App to buy kiwi fruit and bananas. After the arrival, it was found that the packaging was indeed excessive: six kiwi fruits and six imported bananas used a 35×26×24 cm carton, a 31×28×8 cm carton, a 26×18×9 cm carton and 14 air bags.

　　"The daily fresh packaging is also a bit too much. Every time you buy something and throw two packages, the trash can at home will be full." Ms. Sun, who works in the procuratorate, told the reporter that she often buys vegetables and some frozen products. Vegetables are always in a plastic box, and the bubble bags used for packaging frozen products also take up a lot of space. "In fact, the delivery distance is very short, and most vegetables are not afraid of bumping. I don’t think it is necessary to have a plastic box for each."

　　Mr. Kang, who lives in beiyuan road, said that there is a similar situation in the freshness of physical stores: "Litchi, strawberries, tomatoes and apples in the fresh supermarket near my home can be sold in bulk, so we must wrap them in transparent plastic boxes."

　　Coffee: It’s a pity to throw it away in a grand way.

　　"Even the box of coffee is really beautiful and strong, and I can’t bear to throw it away when I send it." Xiao Chang is the product manager of an Internet company in Zhongguancun. For her, coffee is the best companion for overtime work, so she knows a lot about the take-away packaging of coffee shops around the company.

　　Even the packaging of coffee, including a paper bag, a paper box with aluminum foil inside and a cardboard buckle with spill prevention inside, "in fact, it can’t be completely over-packaged, but it is very strong, with good insulation and spill prevention effects. At first, it will be reserved for things, but because it is too frequent to drink, there is not much room for it in the office, and then it is a pity to throw it away directly." Xiao Chang said.

　　COSTA coffee has also received a lot of spit on social media because of almost the same packaging. Netizen @M Positive suggested in Weibo on May 11th: "I just ordered a mocha, so the packaging is too grand. It’s not that I don’t like it, but that the current take-away packaging is too wasteful. Over-packaging is really not environmentally friendly and wasteful. It would be better if there were simpler packaging. "

　　Beijing Evening News reporter ordered a latte takeaway of COSTA Coffee (Fenghui Times Store) near Financial Street on June 13th. After receiving it, he found that the packaging was simple paper bag and spill-proof cardboard buckle, which saved the paper box. After consulting customer service, the reporter learned that the store was simplifying the packaging recently.

　　"Look at the size of this packaging carton, which is close to 40 cm long and 30 cm high. There is a small cup with a height of 7 cm inside, and there are all loose air bags next to it." Xiao Cui, a white-collar worker, was quite frightened when she received the courier from Zara Home. "In fact, the box is easy to break when it is big, and the small box has small movable space, so it is not fragile. I don’t know what the merchants think."

　　Platform: Encourage environmental protection and reduced packaging.

　　The Beijing Evening News reporter contacted Meituan and Hungry for the problem of take-away meals and over-packaging of fruits.

　　The person in charge of Meituan’s public relations told the reporter that Meituan’s takeaway will push the environmental protection initiative letter in the background of the business and advocate moderate packaging; Time nodes related to environmental protection will also be advocated in public places, such as moderately packaged public service advertisements placed on subway buses last year; The US Mission Qingshan Partner Program is also recruiting merchants and packaging partners to jointly research and develop and pilot packaging reduction. For example, the pizza packaging jointly developed with Challenger Pizza and Debai Packaging Laboratory has reduced paper use by 50%.

　　Hungry means that for the existing platform merchants, on the basis of business qualification, food safety and other basic requirements, higher requirements are put forward for the take-away packaging, food delivery bags, disposable tableware and tableware packaging and back-end processing of "Blue Planet Merchants". This year, research and development of alternative and transitional plastic-reducing materials will be carried out for a certain category of packaging on the platform.

　　"Overpackaging is a rare situation, and only high-end businesses will do it. After all, the cost of packaging is also a problem to be considered. The average unit price of takeaway customers is only 20 to 30 yuan, and most businesses will not work too hard on packaging." An industry insider who asked not to be named told reporters that the relationship between the platform and the merchants is not management and managed, but cooperation, which determines that the platform can’t control the over-packaging behavior of the merchants: "In order to be beautiful and make consumers feel high-end, they work hard on packaging, and even over-package. The platform and the merchants are independent legal persons, and the platform can’t stop it. It can only be said that they are recommended to use environmentally friendly materials."

　　Expert: all parties should do their part to reduce packaging.

　　"When it comes to over-packaging, the first thing that comes to mind is moon cakes and gift boxes. Now this over-packaging has actually decreased. On the other hand, with the great development of express delivery, take-away and other industries, the frequency of packaging in these industries is getting higher and higher, and some businesses will over-package in order to look high-end, and a large amount of packaging waste will be generated every day." Qiu Jizhong, Deputy Secretary-General of Beijing Design Society, told reporters at the launch day of Beijing Energy Conservation Publicity Week in 2019 and the release conference of the first green packaging design solicitation activity.

　　Li Jinghua, president of Beijing Packaging Technology Association, said that there are indeed some merchants who lack the awareness of saving materials, but from another perspective, take-away, express delivery and fresh packaging are the first to protect goods. It is impossible to ask merchants to ignore the protection of goods in order to save materials. "This requires more efforts in packaging material selection and structural design to prevent merchants from having to use excessive packaging to protect goods."

　　Qiu Jizhong introduced that some problems of over-packaging can indeed be solved by optimizing the design. "For example, a carton with an internal Z-shaped structure was collected this time, and the use of packaging paper and fillers was reduced through structural changes."

　　Qiu Jizhong introduced that environmental protection standards for packaging in different sub-sectors have been formulated. After the introduction of the standards, there will be a clear definition of what belongs to environmental protection packaging and what belongs to over-packaging, which will guide platforms and businesses.

　　"The government should promote the formulation of relevant standards, laws and regulations, industry associations should help implement and help the landing, and the platform should participate in advocating packaging reduction, doing its best and doing its part." Li Jinghua said.

　　Our reporter Bai Gewen took a picture of Gaoxia.

Original title: determined to develop, in-depth layout, empower the industry, and the city side by side, Qingdao Guosen Finance 9th Anniversary Rongyao journey!

Source: Qingdao Guosen Financial

Financial prosperity brings prosperity to all industries, and financial strength brings strength to all industries. Under the new development pattern of domestic and international double-cycle mutual promotion, expanding and strengthening the financial industry will give cities a head start in the fierce competition.

The report of the 12th Party Congress of Shandong Province clearly stated that one of the 12 key tasks to be grasped around "moving ahead and opening a new situation" is to promote the transformation of old and new kinetic energy in depth. Faced with the heavy task of the provincial party committee, Qingdao, which is in a critical period of transformation and development, has a more urgent need and desire to use financial power to accelerate the transformation of old and new kinetic energy and promote high-quality economic and social development.

Since its establishment in 2013, Qingdao Guoxin Financial Holdings Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Qingdao Guoxin Financial") has adhered to building a comprehensive financial service platform through market-oriented and professional management, building a full-life cycle financial service ecosystem, and accumulating potential for deep integration into Qingdao’s development trend.

Looking back on the past nine years, Qingdao Guosen Finance has been down-to-earth and courageous, focusing on its main business, and wading out a path of innovation and forge ahead. Joining hands with the future, we must not forget our original intention, adhere to our strategic positioning, and continue to inject new financial momentum into the high-quality development of Qingdao’s economy.

Echoing the city’s top-level strategy, striving to set an example for the development of the financial industry

Cities are the carriers of modern economy, and finance is the core of modern economy. "Economic body" and "financial blood" coexist and prosper.

At present, in the new journey of Shandong to build a strong socialist modern province in the new era, Qingdao has been placed on higher expectations. From national strategy to marine economy, from digital economy to rural revitalization… Shandong, which is committed to "walking ahead and opening a new bureau", frequently "points questions" Qingdao, which also puts forward new requirements for urban economic development.

At this time, the financial industry, which is the "living water" of high-quality economic development, has high hopes.

The report of the 13th Party Congress of Qingdao City proposes to deepen the reform of the financial system, amplify the pilot effect of the National Wealth Management Financial Comprehensive Reform Pilot Zone, increase cross-border investment and financing facilitation, digital RMB and other innovation efforts, and enhance the ability of financial services to the real economy.

The new pattern shows new responsibilities. Echoing the city’s strategic demand for financial empowering the development of the real economy, Qingdao Guosen Financial insists on "cultivating and building core asset management capabilities" as the main line, giving full play to the three functions of comprehensive finance "strategic empowering, industrial deep cultivation, and service output". By building platforms, smoothing channels, designing products, and cultivating customers, it realizes the sharing and output of customers, services, products, risk control, brands, and cultures, and optimizes resource allocation. It is committed to building a comprehensive financial service platform that leads in professional efficiency and creates first-class value.

With the strong development accumulation and courage to move forward, in the past nine years, Qingdao Guosen Finance has overcome obstacles and walked out of the development path from scratch and from existence to excellence. It has standardized operation and stable operation, and has produced fruitful results. It has built a business operation platform covering private equity fund management, private securities fund management, industrial fund investment, financial leasing, financing guarantee, small loans, financial information services and other business. As of June 2022, Guosen’s financial sector has total assets of 65.40 billion yuan, net assets of 28.90 billion yuan, and asset management scale of more than 70 billion yuan.

While promoting the in-depth development of the core business sector, Qingdao Guosen Finance is also continuing to promote the acquisition and integration of core financial licenses. Through mutual coordination between licenses, it realizes complementary advantages. Strategic investment participates in holding Middle Road Insurance, Bank of Qingdao, Qingdao Rural Commercial Bank, Taixin Fund, Lujiazui Trust, Gangxin Futures and other important local legal person Financial Institution Group, and promotes the establishment of joint venture securities. It has become the state-owned enterprise with the largest number of participating holding Financial Institution Groups and the most complete financial license layout in Qingdao.

Looking back on the nine-year development path, Qingdao Guoxin Financial has continuously reformed and innovated, optimized its operation and management, led by party building, enriched its financial products with innovation, improved its financial quality with service support, continuously strengthened and improved, specialized in financial services, and strived to achieve new breakthroughs in financial work.

Focusing on the main business and taking the road to high-quality development

Seizing development opportunities and striving to be the financial vanguard of urban construction is both a responsibility and a mission.

Knowing the importance of branding in polishing Qingdao’s "brand capital" business card, Qingdao Guosen Finance attaches great importance to branding, forming a "comprehensive financial" brand ecosystem led by "Qingdao Guosen Finance" and supported by sub-brands, and truly realizing the development of core asset management capabilities through brand capabilities.

In this process, Qingdao Guosen Finance focuses on its main business, responds with hard work, and supports key areas and weak links in the development of the real economy with multiple sub-brands of lean financial services, and helps the transformation and upgrading of the real economy.

Qingdao Guoxin Finance continues to consolidate the comprehensive strength of industrial investment and steadily optimize the quality and structure of assets. Today, the "reservoir" of Qingdao Guoxin Finance is continuously "irrigating" the real economy through various channels. Cumulative initiation and participation in the establishment of various types of funds over 40 billion yuan, of which, jointly initiated over 10 billion marine industry funds, can drive the total investment of more than 100 billion yuan, invest in the construction of the world’s first 100,000-ton smart fishery large-scale aquaculture ship project, the world’s leading land-based circulating aquaculture project, participate in the merger and acquisition of national aquatic leading enterprises Baiyang shares and Taizhou Dachen Island joint stock company, build a regional marine financial ecosystem, and promote the high-quality development of Qingdao’s marine economy; expand international business, establish offshore the company’s organizational structure and overseas collaborative development center, establish China-EU innovative industry investment fund and overseas industry investment fund, and create a global resource aggregation and information sharing platform.

Qingdao Guoxin Innovative Equity Investment Management Co., Ltd. (brand "Guoxin FinanceShu Innovative Equity") uses diversified equity investment funds as an operation platform to deepen the synergy of industry and finance, focusing on shareholders and regional advantageous industries such as modern ocean, information technology, and urban services. It deeply cultivates the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. It forward-looking layout of high-quality projects with industry leadership, innovation, breakthrough and high growth. It covers the whole life cycle of enterprise development. The projects are distributed across the country. Through financial ties, industrial cultivation, industrial introduction and industrial value enhancement are realized, capital is deeply empowered for the long-term sustainable development of the industry, and an open industrial and financial ecosystem of "co-creation, sharing and win-win" is built. Through capital operation and investment empowerment, nearly 40 companies including Mindray Medical, Weiao Orbit, Guanzhong Ecology, Funeng Technology, Xinda Bio, Kangfang Bio, Haicheng Bangda, and Fengguang Precision have been listed through IPO or merger and acquisition. With professional investment capabilities and excellent investment performance in the field of equity investment, it has won the honorary title of "Financing China 2021-2022 China’s Best Innovation Investment Institution".

Qingdao Jinqitong Information Service Co., Ltd. (brand "Jinqitong"), as a municipal financial service platform in Qingdao, takes the local credit information platform as the development direction, and is committed to building a three-way win-win platform for government, finance and enterprises that "serves the government, empowers finance, and benefits enterprises". Since its launch, Jinqitong has continuously innovated its service model to provide enterprises with end-to-end financing services, financial product promotion, transaction matching and other services. It has actively cooperated with multi-party Financial Institution Groups to formulate a variety of funding solutions to provide comprehensive financial services such as capital turnover, transaction matching, and policy implementation for small and medium-sized enterprises. Through the submission of financing needs, it will increase the collection of enterprise needs, specifically relieve the financing needs of "financing difficulties" enterprises, and improve the efficiency of corporate financing services. Up to now, the platform has 34,000 registered users, and the cumulative service financing amount is nearly 30 billion yuan.

As one of the industries most closely related to the real economy, financial leasing has promoted the interaction and integration between market funds and industries, and has become an important financial tool to promote economic development. As an important platform to undertake Qingdao Guoxin’s financial leasing business sector, Jiushi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (brand "Guoxin Finance Shu Jiushi Financial Leasing") has formed a business network system covering all provinces across the country, with business involved in 16 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and 36 cities. Implement the development concept of serving the real economy and people’s livelihood projects, issue the first interbank market asset-backed bills in Qingdao, become the first financial leasing enterprises in Qingdao to be included in the regulatory "whitelist", complete the registration and establishment of the first aircraft leasing SPV company in Shandong Province, and land the first aircraft financial leasing business in Shandong. It won the title of "Industry Leader in Modern Finance" selected by the Ministry of Finance of Qingdao Free Trade Zone.

A series of outstanding achievements intuitively demonstrate that after nine years of synergy, Qingdao Guosen Financial has always focused on its main business, and has made every effort to become a comprehensive financial holding platform with leading professional efficiency and value creation, firmly following the path of high-quality development.

Party building leads, strengthens risk control, gathers talents, and builds the future together

First-class enterprises need first-class party building, and first-class party building leads first-class enterprises. In line with the new pattern of the new era and practicing new ideas and new concepts, Qingdao Guosen Financial insists on taking the party’s leadership as the "root" and "soul", continuously practices and continuously enriches the "empowered" development path and method of party building, and strives to transform the political advantages of party building into enterprise development advantages. Deepen the "integration" and "integration" of party building work and central work, and better promote high-quality development to a new level.

Over the past nine years, Qingdao Guosen Finance has promoted the implementation of various tasks with strong party building, and has achieved good results in leading the stable development of enterprise compliance, ensuring the safety of funds, and building a talent team.

The key to finance is risk control, only a sound risk control system can effectively ensure the rights and interests of users, and only excellent risk control can promote the long-term development of the industry.

In the actual development process, Qingdao Guosen Financial has always attached great importance to the external environment and risk pressure, unswervingly prevented and resolved business risks, firmly adhered to the bottom line of compliance, established a "whole process, multi-faceted and uninterrupted" comprehensive risk management system, implemented a "five levels, three lines of defense" organizational system for risk management, and formed a risk governance mechanism with clear functions, independent operation, and effective checks and balances.

In addition, in order to adapt to the high-quality development requirements of the new economy, new business models and new technologies, Qingdao Guosen Finance is solidly promoting the construction of digital risk control, transforming the risk management concept and management model, enhancing the forward-looking, accurate and proactive risk management, and promoting the risk management system.

Focusing on the long-term layout and the needs of Enterprise Strategy and Development, Qingdao Guoxin Finance strives to select and use the outstanding talents who want to be officers, can be officers, and do things well, to provide a bigger stage for the talents with dreams and potential, and is committed to building a team of high-quality and strong talents with excellent comprehensive quality, excellent business ability and outstanding leading role.

Through continuous cultivation of its own fertile soil for development, at present, the average age of Qingdao Guosen Financial employees is 33 years old, all of whom have a bachelor’s degree or above, 75% of the total number of employees with a master’s degree or above, 35% of the returnees who have studied abroad, and 58% of the employees with professional qualifications such as CFA, ACCA, CPA law… The continuous concentration of talents will become a strong support for the strategic transformation and upgrading of enterprises.

Standing at a new historical starting point, Qingdao Guosen Finance will make every effort to fight the transformation and breakthrough battle, continue to enhance its own strength and comprehensive competitive advantage, and strive to become a leading financial holding company in the province, featuring "industrialization, digitalization and commercialization". Demonstrate the social responsibility and brand influence of enterprises, and strive to welcome the victory of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China!

　　CCTV News:After the United States and China signed on September 28th and October 17th, respectively, the Airworthiness Implementation Procedures of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States came into effect on October 17th. This agreement can simplify the accreditation process for C919, ARJ21 and future domestic aircraft to enter the United States.

　　At present, the first domestic large passenger plane C919 has been transferred from Pudong base to Yanliang, Xi ‘an. This indicates that the inspection flight test of C919 in Shanghai has come to an end, and the next step of research and development flight test and airworthiness evidence collection has begun.

　　As early as 2010, Zhenjiang New District seized the historical opportunity of the launch of the large aircraft project and began to build an aerospace industrial park in Zhenjiang New District. Up to now, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park has a planned area of 10 square kilometers, including 6 square kilometers in the south area, with 150,000 square meters of professional carriers, mainly developing aerospace new materials and parts industries; The north area is 4 square kilometers, supported by Dalu General Airport, which mainly develops the assembly of large aircraft parts, general aircraft manufacturing assembly and general aviation related services. The overall orientation of the park is to build a design, research and development, production base and navigation comprehensive service base for general aircraft, new aerospace materials, aircraft interiors and parts with leading development advantages.

　　Zhenjiang Road General Airport

　　Industrial agglomeration is formed due to large aircraft projects.

　　In 2009, at that time, the country proposed to gather global wisdom and national strength to develop domestic large aircraft. After winning the bid, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, with military background, built the Aerospace Seahawk, mainly for supporting large aircraft. At the same time, we also hope to promote integration of defense and civilian technologies and promote the industrialization of new materials.

　　After several years’ unremitting efforts, Aerospace Haiying has been successfully promoted from B-corner, a supplier of C919 for Comac, to an exclusive supplier, and has undertaken four work packages, including rear fuselage section, aileron, front fuselage section and vertical tail composite material, of China Comac C919 large passenger aircraft, accounting for more than 40% of all composite parts.

　　It is no accident that the space eagle settled in Zhenjiang, which originated from Zhenjiang’s strong support and encouragement to the aerospace industry. Aerospace industry is one of the six strategic emerging industries in Zhenjiang. On April 25th, 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Planning of the Modernization Demonstration Zone in Southern Jiangsu, which only put forward the requirement for Zhenjiang to build a joint innovation platform for aviation industry in Industry-University-Research relying on Zhenjiang General Aviation Base. In recent years, the aerospace industry has developed rapidly from scratch in Zhenjiang New District, and has become an advantageous and characteristic industry with high visibility and influence in the whole province and even the whole country.

　　More than 30 enterprises in Zhenjiang participated in the research and development of major national projects such as the first domestic large aircraft C919, Yun 20, Jiaolong 600, ARJ21 and AC313, among which 11 enterprises were among the cooperative supporting suppliers of Comac C919, including Zhenjiang New Area Fischer Aviation Parts (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd., Aerospace Haiying Special Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Meilong Aviation Parts Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Golden Flight Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. and other aviation-related enterprises.

　　At present, C919 has 730 orders from 27 customers. The ARJ21 new regional aircraft has 433 orders from 20 customers. In the future, the C919 aircraft project will bring rare development opportunities to these enterprises, and at the same time, it will attract more and more aerospace enterprises to settle here. Zhenjiang City has made all positive preparations for this.

　　Industrial extension due to large aircraft project

　　In addition to supporting enterprises for large aircraft projects, a number of general aviation manufacturing projects have also gathered in the Aerospace Industrial Park of Zhenjiang New District.

　　Relying on the aerospace industry foundation, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park has introduced six general-purpose machine projects, including three fixed-wing aircraft manufacturing projects of German EA500, American Greisel and American Big Brown Bear, and three rotorcraft manufacturing projects of American Schiller helicopter, Anxiang Taiyue aerial drone and Feirui F200 unmanned plant protection machine. In addition, many general aviation manufacturing projects are being considered to settle in Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park.

　　At present, the domestic navigation manufacturing industry develops rapidly in the fields of helicopters and small and medium-sized fixed-wing aircraft with relatively low technical threshold, which are involved in the layout of navigation manufacturing industry in aviation industrial parks everywhere, and the production scale and technical level are constantly improving.

　　In the future, in addition to the supporting enterprises of large aircraft projects, Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park will gather more general aviation manufacturing and supporting enterprises, give play to the industrial agglomeration benefits, and promote the R&D and manufacturing development of the general aviation industry. In 2017, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the 13th Five-Year Plan for General Aviation Development, which also clarified "cultivating the regional service function of Dalu General Airport in Zhenjiang New District, supporting the construction of a floating airport by making use of the advantages of rivers, lakes and seas, and exploring the new mode of sharing transportation and general airport management" at Dalu General Airport in Zhenjiang New District. This provides Zhenjiang New Area with stronger infrastructure guarantee and huge development space for developing general aviation amphibious aircraft R&D and manufacturing.

　　According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of the aerospace industry officially released by Zhenjiang New District, it is planned to build "an aviation town"-Dalu Navigation Town. The town will take the aviation industry as the core and rely on the existing industry, airport, airspace and tourism resources to build two bases of "aviation manufacturing" and "navigation operation", and integrate the two industries of "Dongxiang Humanities" and "air sports" to build the aviation industry. In order to better promote the construction and development of "aviation town" and let more people participate in and share the achievements of the development of aerospace industry, the 2017 Zhenjiang New Area Aviation Carnival, with the theme of "flying over dreams and being suitable for Zhenjiang", was held in Zhenjiang New Area from November 17 to 19, 2017, with the support of Zhenjiang New Area Aerospace Industrial Park Management Office, Jiangsu Dalu Aviation Industry Development Co., Ltd. and China Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.

　　There is no doubt that China is a manufacturing power in the world. However, today, the manufacturing pattern of countries in the world is changing. Germany proposes Industry 4.0, the United States proposes re-industrialization, and China also proposes "Made in China 2025", vowing to make China a manufacturing power. At present, although in aviation manufacturing, many high-precision, sophisticated equipment are imported from abroad, and there is still a big gap between domestic equipment and them, it is not that China cannot reach this level. This is a question of quality assurance system. As long as all links are properly controlled and strictly implemented according to standards, China’s equipment can also reach high-precision, sophisticated.

　　At present, Zhenjiang Aerospace Industrial Park is gathering and introducing a number of technologies, new materials, new equipment and computer technologies related to aerospace manufacturing, and building it into a design, research and development, production base and navigation comprehensive service base for general aircraft, new aerospace materials, aircraft interiors and parts with leading development advantages.

　　While developing aerospace and navigation R&D and manufacturing, Zhenjiang Aerospace Industrial Park is also actively promoting industrial landing, developing navigation operations and cultivating aviation culture, thus forming a relatively complete industrial chain and consumer market, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 28 (Wu Tao) On the 27th, the three major operators announced that they would completely cancel the domestic long-distance roaming charges for mobile phones from September 1. This means that domestic roaming charges for mobile phones that have been implemented in China for more than 20 years will become history. Who will benefit after cancellation? What impact will it have on operators’ operations? Zhongxin. com interviewed relevant experts for this purpose.

　　Long-distance roaming charges for domestic mobile phones will be cancelled after more than 2 years.

　　On July 27th, Yang Jie, Chairman of China Telecom, announced at the 9th "Tianyi Intelligent Ecology Expo" that from September 1st, China Telecom will completely cancel the domestic long-distance roaming charges for mobile phones, which is one month ahead of the plan at the beginning of the year, and it is expected to benefit 80 million users.

　　Subsequently, China Unicom and China Mobile announced that they would completely cancel the domestic long-distance roaming charges for mobile phones from September 1st, which was implemented one month earlier than originally planned on October 1st. On March 6 this year, three basic telecommunications companies said that they would officially cancel the long-distance roaming charges for domestic mobile phones from October 1.

　　The reporter checked the information and found that roaming charges can be traced back to the 1990 s and have already been generated during the mobile phone period. In 1990s, China set up a "roaming fee" similar to tariff for mobile phones used across regions.

　　This year, the three major operators have already begun to cancel the long-distance roaming charges of domestic mobile phones in advance. On July 25, Zhang Feng, spokesperson and chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that regarding the cancellation of domestic long-distance roaming charges for mobile phones, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology continued to push the three basic telecommunications companies to speed up their work in accordance with the principle of ensuring that the work is in place and striving for early implementation. "The three companies are making every effort to promote system transformation and other related work, and strive to achieve their goals ahead of schedule."

　　The reporter noted that the official plan to cancel the domestic roaming fee for mobile phones began in 2015. On July 6, 2015, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said at the press conference on "speeding up and reducing fees" that "the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is currently studying and exploring the possibility of canceling roaming charges."

　　What is the impact on ordinary consumers?

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by the end of June 2017, the total number of mobile phone users in China reached 1.36 billion. Who will be affected by the cancellation of domestic long-distance roaming charges by the three major operators? Will the user’s phone bill drop?

　　Xiang Ligang, an expert in communication industry, said in an interview with Zhongxin. com that the users who really benefit from it are mainly some old users, and the impact on ordinary consumers is actually very small.

　　"There are two main reasons: First, many new packages sold by the three major operators are ‘ Long-term market integration ’ (Long-distance, local calls and roaming are the same price), and these packages do not care about long-distance roaming; Second, for a period of time, a large number of users are converted into 4G users at high speed, that is, from old users to new package users. " Xiang Ligang said.

　　There are data to support this view. According to the latest data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in the first half of this year, 2G and 3G users continued to switch to 4G users, and 4G users maintained steady growth, with a cumulative net increase of 118 million, reaching 888 million, accounting for 65.1% of mobile phone users.

　　Ma Jihua, an analyst in the telecommunications industry, analyzed in an interview with Zhongxin.com, "There is one kind of users who will benefit, that is, users who use local packages may spend less in the future, but they will not get much light, because the reason why they use local packages is because the demand for long-distance roaming is not great."

　　What is the impact on the three major operators?

　　What impact will this policy have on the three major operators after its implementation? Will its income decline? According to Xiang Ligang’s analysis, the impact is very small. Long-distance roaming charges are originally a management tool of the three major operators. Now, the voice business income of the three major operators is shrinking, and the proportion of total revenue is also decreasing. Therefore, the cancellation of long-distance roaming charges has little impact on the income of the three major operators.

　　Ma Jihua holds the same view. He believes that although the policy will have a little impact on the income of the three major operators, it is not too big. "The three major operators can fully withstand it, and the voice services of the three major operators have also continued to decline. In the future, the income will mainly depend on traffic."

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, from January to April this year, the voice business income of the three major operators accounted for 19.6% of the telecom business income. By the middle of the year, that is, from January to June, the proportion dropped to 19.4%, down 7.1 percentage points from the same period of the previous year.

　　Contrary to this, the traffic revenue of the three major operators is growing rapidly. In the first half of the year, the revenue of mobile data and mobile Internet services of the three major operators reached 274.6 billion yuan, up 29.6% year-on-year, accounting for 42.6% of the revenue of telecom services, driving the revenue of telecom services to increase by 10.3 percentage points.

At 2am, China football once again became the focus of controversy, and this time it was even pushed to the forefront. It originated from a report in Beijing Youth Daily that Song Kai, president of the China Football Association, had a clear understanding of the problems faced by women’s football after watching the women’s football match between China and South Korea. However, this report not only did not calm the fans’ arguments, but also triggered more controversy and discussion.

What is the reason for it It turned out that some fans questioned that Song Kai had a comprehensive understanding of the team’s problems through one game. This doubt is not groundless, because there are many factors that affect the outcome of a football match, including the player’s state, tactical arrangement, game mentality and so on. It seems a little hasty to jump to conclusions just through one game.

Of course, the reaction of the fans is even more enthusiastic. Some fans are skeptical about what Song Kai has done, thinking that he may not have a deep understanding of the real situation of women’s football. Other fans want to see more professional solutions, not just superficial observation. Some fans hit the nail on the head and pointed out that understanding the problem does not mean that we can solve the problem. What we need is real change and progress.

In fact, the development of football in China has always attracted much attention. However, as the fans say, the key to the problem is how to solve these problems. What we need is to dig deep into the root of the problem, find the crux, and then prescribe the right medicine. This requires professional ability, dedicated attitude and long-term patience.

In this regard, fans and friends: What do you think of Song Kai’s statement after watching the game? Do you think he can lead China football out of the predicament? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area to share your views!

At the same time, we expect you to continue to pay attention to our reports, and let us witness the rise of football in China!